CN101897241B - Device for injecting a liquid load to be mixed/converted inside a plasma needle or a gaseous flow - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for injecting a liquid material into a plasma torch, that comprises N (N >= 1) groups of injectors arranged on the periphery of a plasma flow area (3), each group including at least n (n >= 2) injectors (1b, 1b', 1d, 1d', 1f, 1f' ) arranged on either side of the plasma flow axis, in order to inject said liquid material into said plasma in a direction (10, 10') at least partially opposite to the plasma flow direction.

Description

Be used in plasma plume or gaseous flow spraying the equipment of to be mixed/liquid material of transforming

Technical field

The present invention relates to technical field towards the liquid injection system of plume (tongues of fire) atomizing of liquids of plasma torch.

Background technology

For the liquid that will in torch, transform, that can mention is exemplified as bio oil, perhaps from the slurry of waste water treatment plant, perhaps is derived from " mortar " or the particulate of the solid of efflorescence, and these particulates and liquid mixing are so that be ejected in the plume of plasma torch.

The subject matter that is run in the method through plasma gasification liquid material (especially to bio oil) is how to use plasma torch to realize transforming better.

For bio oil; This realizes through the flash pyrolysis; The flash pyrolysis is a kind of thermochemical method (under the temperature of 500 ℃ of T ≈), in this thermochemical method, is not carrying out under the stoichiometric situation of deoxidation (dioxygene) biological substance (biomaterial) Fast Heating.Under the effect of heat, this biological substance decomposes and causes forming the permanent thing of gaseous state, coagulable steam, suspended particulates and carbon residue.After volatile ingredient and suspended particulates cooling and condensing, obtain dark-brown liquid usually: bio oil.Then through spraying into plasma torch with its gasification.

This preliminary treatment of bio oil makes biological substance can be spurted into the plume of plasma torch, so that gasification.That this pre-treatment step not, biological substance will be actually will be heterogeneous, be difficult to disperse (need carry out expensive fragmentation in advance at least) and because be solid and be difficult to injection under pressure.With regard to the cost that biological substance is transported to gasification plant, it is favourable that the pre-inversion of flash pyrolysis-type has been proved to be in addition.

In order suitably liquid especially bio oil to be changed into forming gas through plasma torch; Need be between the different parameters of influence reaction seeking balance, said parameter is the exchange surface between temperature, reactant and the plasma medium of the RT of liquid in the plasma plume, plasma plume and the composition of this medium especially.

The bad gasification of bio oil not only causes bad material production rate, obstruction method rentability; And cause inferior forming gas; That is, this gas since the having (admissible threshold value is near 0.1mg/Nm3) of tar and not having be used for subsequently sufficiently high pure degree as the medium of biology-fuel synthetic.Existing in of tar produces many problems in the different related application; Especially during using Fischer-Tropsch (Fischer-Tropsch) type method synthetic fuel; In the method, under heat and catalytic action, form the deposit of carbon black and heavy hydrocarbon through coking.This has significantly reduced the useful life of the catalyst that is used for the Fischer-Tropsch synthetic method.

The principal character of the plasma plume that is produced by plasma torch in addition, is high temperature (5000-7000K), high flow capacity (800-1200ms ^-1) and high viscosity.Under these characteristics, the particulate of attempting to put into plume has the trend that makes the plume bounce-back.

Therefore existence makes liquid disperse at the center of plasma plume and/or transforms optimized actual industrial demand for liquid injection apparatus.

The technology that its dispersion/conversion is proposed through the plasma plume is directed against atomizing of liquids at present so that can be divided into four big classifications.

First category has been gathered such injection method, and said injection method is based on goes into the plasma plume before in advance with this atomization of liquid with the liquid jet.This solution has strengthened the exchange surface between reactant and the plasma medium, described in patent FR 2565992.This method realizes that through such equipment this equipment allows to introduce with one heart around hot gas stream by means of vector gas the material of atomizing.It is mobile that plasma gas is rotated in plasma generator, so that in the material of atomizing, obtain turbulent flow through concentric flow, this hot gas stream heats mixture.Be difficult to make the fact that the liquid of atomizing has enough speed through increasing vector gas and remedying through between material to be transformed and hot gas stream, setting up turbulent flow, this vector gas is endowed the necessary speed of plasma plume that gets into.Yet this method does not allow to get into the depths of plasma plume, and gasification reaction carries out around, thereby fails to utilize the benefit of the high temperature that can obtain in the depths of plasma plume.In addition, the plasma plume is weakened by cold make-up gas, and the loss that this causes the energy gain aspect should be known in that vector gas quality that common requirement can not ignore is so that subtly to liquid fractionation (fractionner).In addition, liquid than thickness and contain particulate and the situation of easily coking under, the atomization system that uses with the injector than minor diameter is restricted because of the obstruction of foreseeable equipment.

Second classification relates to the injection method based on Forced Mixing.In this case, can design multiple configuration.For example, plasma can be through being installed with the passage of spray-hole, and said spray-hole so forced jet liquid get into the plasma plume.Various kinds of document has been mentioned this technology, for example document FR1509436 or US 5906757.In first part of document being quoted, force plasma jet in being provided with the pipe of diameter-increasing portion, to circulate, make plasma jet in this augmenting portion, reduce pressure thus, and therefore in plasma, form turbulent region.Liquid is spurted into this zone, and forms turbulent flow ring or post around the plasma plume.In second part of document, plasma circulates in the pipe of the injector that is provided with at least one radial arrangement, and this makes liquid to be spurted into plasma with tangential component.This solution is being favourable aspect the time of staying, because liquid is sprayed at the periphery of plasma plume, at the flow velocity not high (be about 100m/s, compare with the mainstream speed that can surpass the plasma plume of 500m/s) of this position plasma.Yet this this solution can cause energy loss because of the heat transmission with conduit wall.In addition, this solution does not force liquid to go deep into the plasma plume, thereby can not enjoy the benefit that is derived from temperature effect and is derived from the central reaction kind composition of plasma plume.

The 3rd classification has been gathered the injection method that uses a plurality of plasma torches.Document CA 2205578 has mentioned an embodiment of this method.The principle of this method is that the reactant jet is limited in the interflow of two plasma jets at least, and the junction of two streams of said plasma jet is on the jet axis of reactant.This solution makes liquid can be directly injected to the depths of plasma plume.In this case, can enjoy the benefit of temperature, because account for main flow in the high temperature income at the center of plasma plume.

This solution can cause the problem of energy loss.

Torch stream is in fact concentrated, and compares with non-centralized plasma torch configuration, and it does not stay the optimized degree of freedom of any injection with liquid to be transformed.

In addition, jet is not by fractionation, and therefore the heat exchange between liquid to be transformed and the plasma medium is not best.

Another problem is that the jet of the liquid on a point does not use plasma best.In fact, do not use whole volume of plasma.

Another problem comes from the fact of spraying at the center of plasma: this makes remaining time too short, because the plasma flow velocity that should locate is very high.In addition owing to use a plurality of plasma torches, so in them one safeguard all and need stop all torch.

Because of another problem of using a plurality of torch to produce is to be necessary for each torch power supply all is set, this has increased energy loss thus.For compensating these thermal lossess, must increase the number of torch to given flow, this is not very good aspect hot.At last, use a plurality of torch to cause unsteadiness easily, this is difficult to receive through the central injection system.

Last classification has been gathered such injection method, and this injection method uses the middleware that is positioned at plasma torch.For this reason, the equipment of in the hot gas flow path, planting so that this hot gas stream is shaped, and is delivered to nozzle with flowing material, sets up the similar fluid stream passes of direction that its direction and hot gas flow thus, described in patent FR 2614751.Under the situation of this equipment, fluid is directly injected to the center of hot gas stream, and high viscosity is caught and be endowed to particulate to be transformed by hot gas stream thus.Feasible temperature and the RT that can benefit from the plasma plume of this method is because might flow with the reverse flow jet plasma.Yet these parts are because high temperature (causing thermal loss) and should cooling off to its mechanical resistance, and this this cooling is also cooled off and upset plasma.In addition because the temperature at nozzle place, the startup stage and stop phase in, the danger that possibly occur stopping up.

Can find out; The most liquid injection method that is used for the dispersion/invert liquid at the center of plasma plume only helps one of following parameters: at the RT of plasma plume; The use of the temperature of plasma plume, the exchange surface between reactant and the plasma medium and the composition of medium.First category depends on the exchange surface between reactant and the plasma medium, and second classification depends on RT, and the 3rd classification depends on the use of temperature, and last classification depends on two parameters: the use of RT and temperature.

Therefore, existing solution all can not satisfy following requirement simultaneously:

-make the RT of liquid in the plasma plume optimum;

-best the temperature of using the plasma plume;

-the exchange surface between developing reaction thing and the plasma medium farthest;

-composition with medium is used for transforming well.

Therefore; Problem is to carry out the liquid jet so that it is in the dispersions/conversion of the center of plasma plume, so that the better balance between the composition of exchange surface between temperature, reactant and the plasma medium of the RT of realization liquid in the plasma plume, plasma plume and medium.

Summary of the invention

The present invention at first relates to and a kind of liquid substance (material) is ejected into the equipment in the plasma torch; This equipment comprise N (N >=1) group or N part injector Gi (i=1 ... N), said injector be arranged in the plasma flow zone around; Or away from the plasma flow zone; Or outside this flow region, each group or part include the individual injector of ni (i >=2) at least, and said injector for example is arranged on the both sides in this axis or plasma flow zone; Perhaps in the plane that is basically perpendicular to the plasma flow rotation axis, can in plasma, spray said liquid substance along opposite with the flow direction of plasma at least in part direction thereby have.

In most of the cases, N is smaller or equal to 15 or 20.

Said ni injector among the same injector group Gi can be arranged on plasma flow zone around, wherein differ 360 °/(ni) angle each other.They preferably are arranged to make the liquid jet of spurting in the plasma to converge.They directly do not contact with plume or plasma flow zone.

At least one injector can comprise spiral in-profile, so that fluid has the component of rotatablely moving, this component that rotatablely moves disperses in the time of can promoting liquid knockout to the center of plasma plume.

At least one injector can comprise the piezo-electric device that is used to make the liquid fractionation of being sprayed.

Can comprise N the injector group (N＞1) that is provided with along the plasma flow rotation axis according to equipment of the present invention, the injector of different injector groups comprises the different incidence angles with respect to the plasma flow rotation axis.This layout especially allows pending liquid material in plasma, to distribute better.Preferably, the injector group is far away more from the base portion of plasma plume, and it is just more little with respect to the incidence angle of plasma flow rotation axis.

Can also comprise at least a portion device that for example atomizing of liquids jet or pulsed liquid jet are listed as under vibration (variable in time) pressure that is used at injector according to equipment of the present invention.

Advantageously, one or more injector also can include the vapour injection nozzle, to be used for and liquid jet jet vapor jet side by side.

Also can comprise in order to device according to equipment of the present invention liquid material pressurization to be transformed.The pressure of some jet can change, especially in some jet configuration, so that allow to regulate the jet angle of the reformed jet of its precision.

Advantageously, can be provided for separating light device mutually in heavy organic principle and this liquid in the liquid to be transformed.

The device that is used to prepare liquid to be sprayed also can comprise the device that is used for before spraying, making the water gasification.

Also can comprise Optical devices according to equipment of the present invention, these Optical devices are used to control the emitted dose of material to be transformed, and are used to make the emitted dose of material to be transformed to adapt to the variation of said plasma plume alternatively.

More generally, can this device be arranged so that the injection of liquid material to be transformed (charging) can meet the variation of plasma plume.

The invention still further relates to a kind of in the plume of plasma torch the method for atomizing of liquids material; Wherein, Via N (N >=1) injector group Gi (i=1; ... N) atomizing of liquids; Said injector group be arranged in plasma flow zone around or away from the flow region of plasma plume, each group comprises that all the individual injector of ni (ni >=2) at least, said injector for example are arranged in the both sides of plasma flow zone or axis or the outside that should the zone; And/or be in one and be basically perpendicular in the plane of plasma flow rotation axis, at least a portion of said liquid substance is ejected in this plasma along opposite with the flow direction of a plasma at least in part direction.

Again, n injector in the same injector group can be arranged in plasma flow zone around, wherein each other at a distance of the angle of 360 °/n.When being preferably arranged in spurting into plasma, they form converging of liquid jet.

Apparatus and method according to the invention is specially adapted to the liquid of biological oils, or from the slurry of expense treatment plant, perhaps solid particle and mixtures of liquids.

The part of the heat that is distributed by plasma can reclaim through the supporting member of injector, pass to the liquid through said injector through conduction then.

Advantageously atomizing of liquids jet or pulsed liquid jet sequence at least a portion injector for example, are sprayed under the pressure that periodically (vibration) changes.

According to another favourable form of implementation, can be at least a portion liquid jet and liquid jet jet vapor jet simultaneously.This liquid can separate into first and second portion in advance, this first can be under lower temperature (about 80～150 ℃) gasification, this second portion is heavier and will be ejected in the plasma with liquid form.

Also can in liquid to be sprayed, add water, so that optimize the conversion reaction of pending liquid.

According to another particularly advantageous form of implementation, form the steam layer in the outside of plasma plume.

The liquid jet of n injector in the same injector group preferably converges in plasma, and the zone of converging of said jet advantageously is positioned on the flow axes of plasma basically.

The spray angle of at least one jet in the plasma can be for example change through the fluid pressure in this jet change.

Can control various parameter, for example:

The emitted dose of-liquid jet is for example used optical device;

-and/or the amount of the plasma in torch exit;

-and/or the pulse of plasma plume, if necessary, with respect to the pulse that is ejected into the liquid in the plasma plume.

In order to use data corresponding to regulate the parameter of this system, possibly hope to regulate when needed the service conditions of the composition and/or the plasma of material with one or more measurement results.For example, possibly hope to regulate phase difference between cycle of pulse and injection pulse of plasma plume.

Description of drawings

Figure 1A is the detail view according to an illustrative embodiments of equipment of the present invention;

Figure 1B is the detail view according to an illustrative embodiments of equipment of the present invention;

Fig. 2 A to 4 is the examples that are used in the injector profile in the equipment of the present invention;

When excessive (liquid jet move) and the problem that when the amount of exercise of liquid jet is not enough to make it to get into the plasma plume, runs into when Fig. 5 and 6 illustrates liquid jet through the plasma plume;

Fig. 7 illustrates the impact to the maximum fractionation of jet, this jet before will being impacted with almost 90 ° converge;

Fig. 8 A and 8B illustrate the impact of the jet that nonopiate formula is converged, and it causes the formation of liquid lamella;

Fig. 9 illustrates the configuration that comprises a plurality of injector parts along the axis of plasma torch;

Figure 10 A to 10C illustrates and uses so that plasma plume flows out the pulsed injection of existing saturated dangerous minimum liquid jet sequence;

Figure 11 illustrates the possible location of three pairs of injectors along the assembling of two axis that are perpendicular to one another of axis and edge of plasma torch;

Figure 12 illustrates the part at curve and plasma plume and this wall of the heat exchange coefficient at wall place with respect to the flow axes xx ' of plasma plume;

The location of schematically illustrated injector of Figure 13 and vapour injection nozzle;

Figure 14 illustrates the formation in boundary layer of rich water of the boundary of plasma plume, and it is used to avoid forming carbon black;

Figure 15 illustrates the phase place sketch map of water-biological oil type system;

Figure 16 illustrates the optical interface of reactor, and its operation is sprayed through the optical measurement diagnosis;

Figure 17 is illustrated in along the detailed distribution of three pairs of injector assemblies in the same plane of plasma flow rotation axis;

Figure 18 illustrates the sketch map of the basic volume of plasma plume, and it is used to assess the ratio that plume is taken by liquid material to be transformed;

Figure 19 illustrates the formation through the liquid lamella that converges realization of two liquid jets;

Figure 20 illustrates the differentiation of liquid lamella with respect to the radius (r) of the incidence angle (θ) of angle β and jet;

Figure 21 illustrates the fluctuation of the electric arc in the plasma torch through the continuous instantaneous voltage of the electrode of torch;

Figure 22 schematically shows three liquid ejectors in the distribution on the circular cross-section of plasma plume.

Embodiment

To combine the view specification one embodiment of the present invention shown in Figure 1A below.

Figure 1B comprises this equipment, and it has the add-on peripheral device that further specifies.

In Figure 1A, label 30,31 expression electrodes produce discharge between them.Simultaneously, the gas of plasmaization can cause the formation of plasma plume 3 through these electrodes.

The electric supply installation of said electrode is by label 32 expressions.

Output at electrode is provided with the system that forms supporting member 2, to be used to locate and be kept for spraying the injector of pending liquid.In the cavity 2 ' in being arranged in this supporting member, the plasma plume flows along axis B basically, and this axis is called the plasma flow rotation axis below.In one example, cavity 2 ' is cylindrical shape basically, and axis B is the cylindrical symmetry axis of this cavity.Yet, also can be this cavity and select other form.

In this supporting member 2, be provided with at least two injectors, thereby form by these two groups that injector constitutes.

More generally, in this supporting member, be provided with N (N>=1, but General N≤15 or≤20) group injector Gi, each group Gi comprises at least two injectors, more generally, comprises the individual injector of ni (ni>=2).This N group injector is provided with along the plasma flow rotation axis.To illustrate in greater detail the layout of these injectors below.

Schematically show 4 injectors among Figure 1A, their label is respectively 1b, 1d, 1b ', 1d '.These injectors are divided into two group G1 and G2, and each group has two liquid ejectors.In this accompanying drawing, also distinguished other 4 injectors that will explain below or nozzle 1a, 1c, 1a ', 1c ', they are used for independent jet vapor, each in them all with injector 1b, 1d, 1b ', 1d ' in one match.

Liquid ejector 1b, 1d, 1b ', 1d ' point to the zone that will form plasma plume 3; So that spray the liquid with component motion along direction A (seeing the arrow A among Fig. 7,8,9, the 10A-C, 14,17), the flow direction B of this direction A and plasma (seeing the arrow B in the above-mentioned accompanying drawing) is opposite.At this injector with two one group or arrange in pairs; The outlet aperture (supplying pending material to spray to the aperture of plasma) of every pair or these injectors forms and is basically perpendicular to the flow axes of plasma or the axis I-I ' (see figure 7) of direction B; Two injectors of every centering are arranged in the relative along diameter basically of supporting member 2 on every side, and point to the zone that forms plasma 3.

When an injector group Gi comprises ni injector-time of 3 injectors-more generally comprise; These injectors or their aperture basic setup with the same plane (this plane is labeled as I-I ' in Fig. 7, and it is perpendicular to the plane of drawing and perpendicular to axis B) of plasma flow axis normal in.So; They preferably relative to each other (for example see Figure 22 with 120 °-more general being provided with 360 °/n-basically; It illustrates the schematic cross-sectional of injector supporting member 2; This cross section is perpendicular to plasma flow rotation axis B, wherein one group of 3 injector 1b, 1b ', 1b " in same plane, be in 120 ° basically).

Around supporting member 2, (see the injector of Figure 1A, 1B, 7,8,10A-10C), these injectors of same injector group-when ni=2 be arranged to respect to the plasma flow rotation axis basically along diameter relatively-the output axis of liquid emission axis or this group injector in injector exit with respect to the angle of plasma flow rotation axis B be equal to each other basically (absolute value).

Fig. 9,11,17,18 illustrates a kind of more complicated structure; Wherein, This equipment comprises 3 couple of being provided with along axis B or 3 groups of G1, G2, G3 injector 1b, 1b ', 1d, 1d ', 1f, 1f ', and said injector is positioned at 3 differences but on the axis perpendicular to axis B.In addition; Same group of injector (these injectors be positioned at the plasma flow zone around; But be in same position along the plasma flow rotation axis; That is, basic on same axis perpendicular to this flow axes) emission or output axis equal basically on absolute value with respect to the angle of plasma flow rotation axis B.Like this; In Figure 17; The axis of each injector 1b, 1b ' (group G1) is a pi/2 with respect to the angle of axis B, and the axis of each injector 1d, 1d ' (group G2) is π/4 with respect to the angle of axis B, and the axis of each injector 1f, 1f ' (group G3) is π/6 with respect to the angle of axis B.

More general, regardless of the phase number of the injector ni among the Gi (these injectors thereby be arranged in the same plane perpendicular to plasma flow direction B) on the same group:

-be equal to each other with angle that plasma propagation axis line forms or equate basically by the output of (being positioned at this same plane) these injectors or emission axis;

-perhaps, be equal to each other with angle that plasma propagation axis line forms or equate basically by the incident direction of the jet of the entering plasma of the injector in this group.

For ease, the injector among Figure 17 is shown in (plane of this figure) in the same plane, yet their are actual in preferred layout shown in Figure 11, that is, mutually orthogonal and be orthogonal to the axis arranged of plasma flow direction along alternately.Therefore in Figure 11, can pick out 3 injector group G1, G2, G3, all angles between plasma flow rotation axis and the emission axis all equal 90 ° basically; Therefore the angle at the place, summit of the taper that is formed by the convergent point on injector and the plasma flow rotation axis equals 180 ° basically.

In Fig. 9,17, the execution mode shown in 18; Can see; The injector of an injector group is far away more from the base portion 33 of plasma plume 3; The incidence angle that the injector of this group and this axis form just more little (in Figure 17, change to angle π/4 of injector 1d, 1d ', change to base portion injector 1f farthest, angle π/6 of 1f ' then) from plasma from the angle pi/2 of injector 1b, 1b '.As will further specify, this layout makes that the occupancy in the plasma is optimum, has reduced the saturated danger of plasma simultaneously.

Therefore; Regardless of number, the injector in same group can both be through they location and their orientations in supporting member 2, and force jet (continuous or discontinuous) to converge; Thereby make each jet lean on each other, heat up in a steamer in the punishment of the propagation axis of plasma plume being used for.

Through this orientation of injector, converge and the amount of exercise major part that produces occurs at the opposite direction A of the flow direction B of plasma plume from jet.This can guarantee the time of staying increase of material to be transformed in plume, carries out best secondary fractionation through plasma plume stream thus.Because on the direction opposite with the plasma direction of propagation, to drive the amount of exercise injecting substances of material, the injection that therefore direction identical with plasma carried out than the edge needs the extra time to be used to make material by these ion-drive.In addition, the secondary fractionation that is caused by the plasma plume is the function of the relative velocity between plume and the fluid to be transformed: the opposite direction of liquid and plasma flow guarantees that this relative velocity is optimum.

As can find out that injector does not contact (or next-door neighbour) plume from Fig. 5-10C, 13,14,17,18.The danger of therefore coking (phenomenon that is caused by the temperature at injector place) drops to minimum, and the danger that injector stops up also drops to minimum.In addition, the necessity of cooling injection device is less, and this helps hot income, and for liquid, liquid mobile (referring to following illustrative embodiment) is at a relatively high speed guaranteed temperature limitation, and this makes in some cases can avoid specific cooling.This cooling can be through material to be transformed and advantageously through coming from can not coking partly guaranteeing of pipeline 41 (Figure 1B) upper reaches.This beneficial effect that transmits about heat is strengthened through such fact, that is, in the present invention, the wall guided that plasma plume 3 no longer is close to.The wall of cavity 2 ' and the supporting member of injector 2 perhaps do not have effect of contraction to plume away from the plasma plume, so thermal losses can be limited, and this can increase energy gain.

In a general way; The distance (for example being about plume diameter 10 times (or more many)) that injector gets into the plasma plume can guarantee jet get into before the plume the flight time-this has supplied the heating of jet, and the light material (they possibly rest in the liquid jet that is sprayed) of a part that can gasify alternatively-this high temperature that needn't article on plasma body feathers stream center prevails is changed.This makes jet best in the life period at plume center, and the plasma plume specifically is used for being difficult to especially the material that transforms.

The injector of arranging according to aforesaid way allows according to the obtainable amount of exercise of each jet liquid material to be spurted into plasma plume 3 (perhaps intensive hot-fluid); To make it passing completely through this plume until the plasma flow rotation axis; And making jet converge on this axis and when they are met, lean on each other basically, this has increased their fractionation.This has been avoided situation shown in Figure 5, and wherein jet only partly passes plasma plume and can significantly arrive this axis with atomizing, or even the jet situation (Fig. 6) that do not get into plasma.In situation shown in Figure 6, liquid jet 10 is through being broken with simple contact the at the edge of plasma 3.Three some A1 shown in Figure 17, A2, A3 (all these three points all are positioned on the plasma flow rotation axis B), wherein the jet from different injector groups converges at these some places.

This fractionation; Basically after converging on the plasma flow rotation axis, make that (situation of maximum fractionation is vertical basically to the impact of converging converging before wherein when jet impulse at jet; As shown in Figure 7) the dispersion optimum; Perhaps converge and significantly reduce when non-orthogonal (situation about flowing shown in Fig. 8 A, 8B, wherein jet 10,10 ' less tilts with respect to the plasma flow rotation axis, on this axis, is in more downstream with injector shown in configuration shown in Figure 7 is compared).In first kind of situation (Fig. 7), help primary fractionation; And in second kind of situation, the RT of material in plasma plume 3 increases, and the exchange surface between liquid to be transformed and the plasma plume 3 (liquid from a cylindrical sections 10,10 ' to one lamella 13, Fig. 8 B) increase.

Before through the mobile shearing pressure fractionation that causes by plasma 3; Preferably seek to realize the injector of same injector group; Or be positioned at conplane injector, or be positioned at the injector on the same axis with the plasma flow axis normal, jet 10,10 ' converge.Converge and be meant before jet 10,10 ' fractionation and between them, impact.This situation that converges is shown in Fig. 7, and Fig. 6 illustrates the problem that jet does not get into the plasma plume.Fig. 7,8A and 8B show how to overcome the danger that the plasma plume was partly crossed or do not got into to liquid jet.Fig. 8 B and 19 illustrates in greater detail through two jets 10,10 ' the formation of converging the liquid lamella 13 that carries out.

Be positioned at the summit of converging zone or some formation taper on the plasma flow rotation axis; The bus of this taper is formed by the imaginary connecting line in the output aperture of converging zone or point and each injector; The jet of said injector in this zone or point converge, be each injector of same injector group thus.The half-angle at place, the summit of this taper equals the angle that between the injection direction of each liquid ejector and plasma flow, forms, perhaps equals the incident jet at the direction at convergent point place and the angle of plasma flow rotation axis formation.

Therefore, in Figure 17, injector group 1d, 1d ' form a taper with the convergent point A2 of the jet of these two injectors, and the summit of this taper accurately is positioned at this A2.Connect the bus that this point and straight line Δ 2, Δ ' 2 in the output aperture of one of these two injectors all form corresponding taper.

Likewise, still in this Figure 17, injector group 1f, 1f ' form a taper with the convergent point A3 of the jet of these two injectors, and the summit of this taper is this A3.Connect the bus that this A3 and straight line Δ 3, Δ ' 3 in the output aperture of one of these two injectors all form corresponding taper.

Converging of at least two jets, and the formation of liquid lamella alternatively, it is optimum to make it possible to achieve exchange surface and the RT in the plasma plume.

Therefore the jet that converges directly atomizes in plasma, this have benefited between the jet impact, by the mobile shearing effect that causes of plasma, and have benefited from higher temperature (temperature at plasma center) and reactant classification.

The excellent problem of amount of exercise that converges the liquid that has solved the center that how to make entering plasma plume of jet.In fact, only be required to be the amount of exercise that jet provides is enough to make it to get into plume, even and do not exist jet with excess-limited-extreme sport amount (it at least on magnitude the amount of exercise of plasma plume) the no better than danger of passing plume.This has obtained additional degrees of freedom and double fractionation level (promptly being derived from the fractionation of plasma (speed difference between liquid and plume) and the fractionation that is derived from impact) thus, and trading off between the high temperature of permission realization plasma and the RT of liquid in plume.

Get into the plasma plume and be not by the length h (Fig. 5) of the solid jet 10 of fractionation:

-on the one hand, (on magnitude) is the subduplicate function of the ratio (q) between the amount of exercise of amount of exercise and plasma plume 3 of liquid jet 10; Preferred q is greater than 1, more preferably greater than 2,

-on the other hand, be the function of jet angle (θ, this angle is the angle between plasma flow rotation axis and the jet direction),

-and be the function of the distance (ratio between the diameter (d) of the length x before the jet entering plume and the injector of jetting stream) of shortening.

According to flow performance, can find to make the best angle (θ *) of jet length maximum (hmax) before the fractionation.Fluid dynamics has precedence in the flow regime of thermal effect (supposing that jet is being a liquid condition before the fractionation in plume) therein, and the length of the jet of fractionation can not approached through following expression formula:

$h=f(\mathrm{\θ},x/d)\·\sqrt{q};$ Wherein $h\mathrm{Max}=f(\mathrm{\θ}*,x/d)\·\sqrt{q}$

In this expression formula, x and d fix for configuration known.

Therefore, exist at the most (jet angle does not depend under the momental situation therein, and this is the situation that the outlet of wherein injector does not have profile) two to be used to make and spray the optimum degree of freedom (θ and q).The mobility scale of parameter θ is less than the mobility scale of parameter q.

The multiplicity of injector (two injector cross sections among Figure 1A and the 1B or group; Among Figure 22 three; But also can be more in one or more injector groups) make the volume can increase exchange area and utilize the plasma plume better, avoid pending material saturated.For this reason, seek to guarantee maximum plume occupancy or saturation factor, can not cross the material occupancy (otherwise will be too expensive) that reduces the plasma plume greatly the processing of one kilogram of liquid material to be transformed to avoid blocking (saturated).Generally, seek:

-spraying the material of admissible maximum, this will consider the power of plasma plume 3 and the conversion enthalpy of material;

-make the local saturated dangerous minimum of plume of carrying liqs material, attempt to guarantee the well distributed (referring to Fig. 9, wherein the grey color lump illustrates the content of liquid material in the plume volume) of the liquid material in the plume thus; Therefore, converge the place at jet, material content very high (especially converging the place near first of the base portion 33 of plasma, see Figure 17 and 18 and following embodiment), and tend to reduce at the new tight upper reaches of spraying because of conversion more or less.The quality that distributes can not be assumed to be best in advance, but still can approach priori value (embodiment of face as follows), and can for example adjust to posterior value by means of device among Fig. 15 and 6 control injection qualities through suitable diagnosis.

Saturation factor can be along with the character of plume and the physicochemical characteristics of treating material (volatility, surface tension ...) change.As an example, local material content (can prevent the saturated danger of plume (having at least 1000 times coefficient between volume that is occupied by liquid and the volume that when liquid gasifies, is occupied by its steam) with respect to the liquid volume (referring to the δ Vi that limits in this exemplary embodiment) of the basic volume of the plume section that comprises liquid volume less than 1%.

Dangerous minimum for what plasma was blocked, therefore can design following configuration:

The distribution of-injector group is according to the different longitudinal position (seeing the structure among Fig. 9, the 10A-C, 17,18) of plasma plume and/or have different incident axis or jet angle (see same figure, wherein all injector groups have the jet angle that each group differs from one another),

-and/or injection pulse formula liquid jet sequence, phase shift potentially (for impulse jet) between injector group or the part is so that distribute the material content (or thermal current of permission conversion) of plasma.Figure 10 A-10C illustrates this situation; 2 injector 1b, 1b ' wherein only are shown; At first each injector sends a kind of material jet; This material 3 ' will be originally in the zone (confirming the position) that is positioned plasma 3 front portions (Figure 10 A), is driven the material (Figure 10 B) and injector is not redispatched then along the plasma flow direction; When each injector all sends new material jet 3 " time, this jet at first is positioned at the zone of plasma front portion (Figure 10 C), is positioned at the upper reaches in the zone that material 3 ' was positioned at by the jet injection first time.The duration that the beginning of the end of liquid jet pulse and next pulse is separated preferably is at most the displacement time of the basic volume of plasma; In other words, seek in plasma, to spray such liquid volume, this volume allows enough renewals of the jeting area in the plasma, so that receive new injection pulse.

This is particularly suitable for the alternating spray between the different injector parts, the flow velocity of gas stream very high usually (for the situation of plasma plume).

According to another form of implementation that can combine with aforementioned embodiments; Can be provided for the device of jet vapor; Like Figure 1A, shown in 13 and 14; Wherein, vapor steam blaster or nozzle 1d, 1d ' are arranged to each along a direction jet vapor jet 100,100 ', the injection direction 10 of this direction and liquid material injector 1b, 1b ', 10 ' angulation Ψ.This vapour injection makes can bring the extra degree of freedom, to be used to form the jet angle between liquid jet and the plasma plume.As can find out effectively from Figure 13 and 14 that steam 100,100 ' makes the initial path of liquid according to the ratio between the amount of exercise of the amount of exercise of vapor stream and liquid material jet to be transformed and deflection more or less.In this example, be positioned at the summit that convergent point or regional A0 on the plasma flow rotation axis B form a taper, the bus of this taper is then formed by direction D1 and D2 towards the incident jet of this convergent point incident.

The liquid that is sprayed can be advantageously to be transformed the part (that is, needn't be ejected into the part that gasifies in the plasma or transform to priori) of easy volatilization (under the temperature between about 80 to 150 ℃ for example) of liquid.The coking phenomenon less appears in this part on characteristic (owing to being made up of light element).For the form with steam is sprayed this volatile part; Can carry out layering in advance; To allow from what transform easily usually gasifiablely to contain the organic moiety that water section separates liquid to be transformed, this organic moiety is difficult to volatilization and quite is difficult to transform, and therefore must carry out Cement Composite Treated by Plasma.To the device that be used to carry out said layering be described with the material preparation facilities below.

This gasifiable amount that contains water section also can be regulated through spraying additional water alternatively, so that under the situation that lacks oxygen and hydrogen, guarantee being gasified totally of bio oil, especially because the specific composition in the bio oil.

As an example, for having intermediate value chemical formula (CH _1,9O _0,7) bio oil, every mole of bio oil needs the equivalent of 0.3 mole of water, is gasified totally according to formula being used for:

CH _1,9O _0,7+ 0.3H ₂O → 1.25H ₂+ CO (reaction 1)

In this reaction, although water in shortage also can induce reaction, unbalanced reaction will cause forming carbon black.

Aforesaid fractionation is sprayed and (in plasma, is sprayed volatilizable part with the steam form; With the non-gasification part of liquid form jet plasma) amount of not only allow regulating water; And allow to leave center, plasma zone for the most difficult material that transforms and take; So that destroy the structure of this material fully, and its most probable needn't need very high temperature through the dilution that other compound carries out.In other words, the surge that only must in plasma, transform is in plasma, and the part that can outside plasma, gasify is advantageously otherwise used.

In addition, except the jet angle that changes liquid jet and regulate the effect of stoichiometric composition, vapour injection allows before liquid material gets into plasma, to heat in advance this liquid material alternatively.This also makes the carbon black (from the solid phase of the bad gasification of liquid material) in plasma 3 exits can be minimum.In fact; Because steam is not enough to make it to get into this plasma plume with respect to the amount of exercise of the motion of plasma plume 3; Therefore it carries out circulation repeatedly as illustrated in fig. 14; The drive movement of steam is caused by plasma 3, on the border of plasma plume, forms the steam layer 11,11 ' that is rich in water thus.Label 110,110 ' is illustrated in the vaporous cloud that jet vapor accumulates in the circulation of plasma both sides afterwards, and they are with cambium layer 11,11 '.The formation of carbon black is (formation speed is lower than signa) very fast; It relates to growth and polymerism; Therefore advantageously utilize these zones 11,11 ' of being rich in steam to hide the plasma plume; So that the formation of restriction carbon black, aspect gasification, carbon black is difficult to gasify when reaching punishment size (maybe above a micron).

For the formation with carbon black minimizes, also can act on the composition of the plasma oxidizing gases of introducing torch.The composition of this plasma oxidizing gases can form the spray site place control of electrode (Figure 1A) at least at plasma.

Liquid ejector 1b, 1b ', 1d, 1d ' can for example have the outlet of belt profile; The aperture 12 of its maximum gauge or size Φ not only can suppress because of existing particulate to stop up out of turn in the liquid that is sprayed, and can guarantee the gratifying distribution of flow in its place, end plasma plume.As an example, the cutaway view and the front view of schematically illustrated this injector among Fig. 2 A and the 2B.The direction symmetry that aperture 12 does not limit with respect to the extension axis DD ' injector.This aperture liquid is guided into or deflection to the side of axis DD '.

Pressure according to the fluid that is applied to the outlet upper reaches; Said profile allows in limited scope δ α, to apply variable jet angle α+δ α alternatively; This restriction is by this profile and be somebody's turn to do mobile applying; Shown in Fig. 3 A and 3B: in these figure, allow to obtain to equal the jet angle (Fig. 3 A) of α corresponding to first pressure of the first amount of exercise q1; And allow acquisition to equal the jet angle (Fig. 3 B) of α+δ α corresponding to second pressure of second amount of exercise q2＞q1.This profile also allows to regulate by means of pressure simply the jet angle of liquid to be transformed, is not difficult to the movable part in having big temperature and sealing limiting method, implemented and do not rely on.

The inwall of these outlets also can comprise helical thread 120, and is as shown in Figure 4, thereby makes the rotational movement amount of mobile of fluid produce pulsation, consequently allows to increase the classification of liquid in plasma plume 3.This scheme allows continuously or jetting stream discontinuously.

According to another embodiment, can be the above-mentioned type or or even the injector of wallpaper outlet can be provided with piezoelectric element so that injector vibration and with the liquid classification.This scheme allows to spray discontinuous jet sequence.More general, can promote classification through using suitable phase place adjustment, this phase place is adjusted between the pressure pulse of pulse and liquid jet to be transformed of the plasma plume that is caused by the Arc Motion in the plasma torch carries out.

The device that in Fig. 1, illustrates with label 4g, 4g ', be used for exerting pressure to material to be transformed can be guaranteed the speed of spraying, and guarantees the amount of exercise of liquid to be sprayed thus.Like what below will further specify, this device allows to regulate pressure, and can for example pass through device 7a (Figure 1B) control of microprocessor type.

On the whole, except occupation rate and jet length before the classification, also can consider following factors especially so that make and spray optimum:

The traveling time (this time be decomposed into get into plume before flight time and advancing duration plume in) of-jet before itself and another jet converges.This time can make the temperature of liquid raise, and the reduction through the viscosity that causes comes when jet impulse, to strengthen classification thus.

-jet crushing becomes the time of drop;

-concerning the jet impulse opisthogenesis from the drop of classification (perhaps in fact no longer receiving the drop that further classification is in balance) owing to shearing, reach flowing velocity balance time with the plasma plume;

-droplet evaporation the time (at least for volatile part);

The RT (do not calculate flight time impact before) of-liquid in the plasma plume.

Following Table I has provided the magnitude of these times, should be appreciated that they not exclusively can be with respect to the phenomenon of the conversion balance of material corresponding to its contribution.The chemical conversion time is unknown in plasma medium, therefore not given numerical value.

The invention enables liquid material optimally to be sprayed, make physical phenomenon (especially classification and gasification) optimum thus.

Table I

Characteristic time	Flight time before jet intersects	Grading time	Reach the hydrodynamic balance time	The time that is used for droplets vaporize	(after impacting) RT
						Magnitude	～10 -2s	＜10 -3s	＜10 -1s	≤10 -3s	?～10 -3s

The most important parameter that is used for the conversion of liquid material is characteristic time and (impacting afterwards) RT of cracked time, droplets vaporize.

Compare with other phenomenon; It is longer to be used for the drop balance time; But also needn't seek to reach this balance (reach all shearing potential that the hydrodynamic balance in fact just representes to have used plume, the relative velocity of plasma/liquid is zero when reaching this balance) at all costs.

Compare with the RT after impacting, the flight time before impacting in plume can not ignore.

This analysis shows: preferably at the upper reaches as much as possible of plasma flow (plasma is unsaturated) and as much as possible carry out the cracked of liquid along vertical axis of symmetry (axis B) of this plasma stream, this method makes that the RT of fine drop in the plasma plume is the longest.

The device of the supporting member 2 of formation injector or suitable location and the maintenance that equipment helps this injector.This device engages with torch.

The supporting member of this injector can comprise be used to admit the individual injector group Gi of N (N >=1) (i=1 ..., device N), each group includes the individual injector of as above laying of ni (ni >=2).Two different injector group Gi and Gj (ni of can comprise that quantity differs from one another of i ≠ j) and nj injector.Because the injector supporting member is around the plasma plume; So it be the annular and can be divided into section (2a, 2b, 2c); Spray the angle degree of freedom between the plane (group that contains two injectors forms a plane (injection plane) with respect to the convergent point from two jets of said injector) so that obtain with respect to difference; As can from Figure 11, find out, wherein, such plane is alternately vertical each other.Each injector group among Figure 11 includes two injectors.These two injectors also define one perpendicular to the axis of plasma flow rotation axis B and the plane that forms with convergent point.

For injector can be moved under optimum state; Especially about temperature and jet angle, the feasible temperature that can keep liquid to be sprayed of this supporting member is to be used for especially controlling its speed and completion preheating; This preheating can be carried out at the upper reaches during optional material preparation process, like what below will explain.Because liquid reaches the temperature near conversion temperature before injection, so the RT in the plasma plume is optimum because be not (or rarely) with liquid heat, but after liquid is cracked with its quick conversion.

The material of supporting member and/or injector can be any high temperature resistant type material; This material allows enough heat transmission simultaneously; So that should the heat transmission can guarantee the preheating of liquid to be sprayed, and can not cause the too high surface temperature that maybe can cause material coking to be sprayed for injector.

Shown in figure 12, obvious, can realize the remarkable increase of hot-fluid at supporting member 2 places of injector, the region of fracture of plasma plume 3 is used to promote most of convective exchange.In the figure, label 2a, 2b, 2c represent three sections of the supporting member 2 of injector.In the torch running, these three sections are provided with around plasma plume 3.Section 2c is corresponding to the end of plasma plume 3, and this section is the maximum section of heat exchange coefficient, shown in the top of Figure 12.

Therefore, can the part of injector supporting member 2 be used to retrieve part heat from plasma plume 3.The heat that is reclaimed then can be delivered to the liquid that flows through injector through conduction.The preheating device of this liquid makes its viscosity to reduce, and more has mobile thus and can fractionation in plasma better.Alternatively, under the too high situation of the peak value place of exchange coefficient thermal stress, can section 2c be moved to the downstream of plasma flow.

Should be noted that and moderately to regulate jet angle according to the belt profile part of outlet and with respect to the injection of the top steam of having explained with respect to the amount of exercise that is applied.

Equipment among Figure 1A can comprise various extra peripheral units.Said device schematically shows in Figure 1B.

But setting device 4 is to be used for preparing liquid material and to make liquid pressurization or the elevated temperature of treating to spurt into through injector plasma plume 3.

Alternatively, but setting device 5,5a, 5b to realize control to emitted dose.

But operative installations 6 is followed the tracks of the pulse of plasma torch, and the injector group is related with this pulsion phase.

Can use data processing equipment 7a, 7b; Said data processing equipment uses and the corresponding data of various measurement results of in system, carrying out; The data that provide of adjusting device 5a, 5b, 6 for example are so that regulate the composition and/or the plasma service conditions of material as required.For example, these devices can be used for regulating, and for example minimize the phase difference between the pulse period of plasma plume 3 and the pulse period of injection.

According to an illustrative embodiments, material preparation (pressure and temperature is set) device 4 can for example comprise:

The holder 4 of-deposit raw material liq material,

-water receiver 4b (this water can be the water that contains organic residue from waste water treatment),

-be used for layering or regulate the holder 4c (can accomplish conversion reaction) of water content from stoichiometric viewpoint.

Alternatively, can use settling vessel 4d, so that separate thing phase roughly, if can carry out layering from the raw material liq layering.

In fact; This lamination that in kinds of processes, all is harmful to is (for for example bio oil; There is phasor; As other specific hydrocarbon compositions, referring to Figure 15) can be advantageously used in the present invention from the light thing of easy conversion and separate the organic compound of the weight that is difficult to transform mutually, and can not increase cost.In case separate; Can be advantageously in the exit of plasma torch (as much as possible near base portion 33; See Figure 17 and 18) to the thing of this weight of central-injection of plasma plume mutually; So that benefit from the best region of fractionation better, and the thing of light (and transforming easily in theory) can be located to spurt in the afterbody of plasma plume at vapour injection nozzle (for example nozzle 1a, the 1a ' among Figure 12) mutually, thereby also can form the additional degree of freedom with respect to the jet angle of liquid material to be transformed.

Can use filter (is two at this) or separator (for example centrifugal type) 41,41 ' come refinements to be derived from the separation of the thing phase of settling vessel.

Can use pump 4k ' being used for realizing that the device 4d that clarifies makes undesirable thing phase (the for example organic substance phase in the separated region of aqueous phase) recirculation.

But operative installations 4h measurement is used for the water content of outlet of the holder 4c of layering.In fact, be the control hierarchy phenomenon, can realize measurement (for example passing through the measurement of Karl Fischer type) water content.

In addition, can be through measuring the content that basic comprising is understood carbon, oxygen and hydrogen in the material to be transformed by means of device 4i, this device 4i is positioned at the upper reaches of organic liquid material to the introducing point of buffer volumes 4c.

Thereby, can understand the amount of water to be added, so that guarantee to be gasified totally (for example above-mentioned reaction 1 needed).

Can be positioned at buffer 4f on the injection line above be provided with and supply with gas-pressurized (for example nitrogen, CO ₂, methane or steam) device 4e so that when needed with this gas dissolving in liquid material.

The said gas that is positioned at the injector exit can begin desorb and allow to regulate the composition (especially oxide) of medium.In reactor center is the fractionation phenomenon that this gas dissolving at plasma plume center and fast desorption subsequently (because temperature gradient and big pressure) help hoping specifically.Formation that can guiding gas drips in liquid to be transformed, these gases drop in microexplosion under the temperature action and split and tend to make the local fractionation of the liquid that is sprayed.

Liquid to be dissolved can have the quality smaller with liquid phase to be transformed (different with the atomizing of working medium gas).The fractionation of the liquid that its guiding is to be transformed provides the postreaction thing but also allow for its conversion.

The device 4g, the 4g ' that pressurize for material to be transformed can guarantee its jet velocity, and guarantee its amount of exercise thus.Said device allows to regulate pressure, so that according to periodically keeping continuous or variable pressure with the signal that is suitable for plasma plume stream (sinusoidal pressure that for example changes according to the time); Especially provide to make injector pressure vibration possibility, shown in for example oscilloscope 6a with the fluctuation that adapts to the plasma plume.Said device 4g, 4g ' are controlled by microprocessor 7a.

The system 4j of the solid that splits and surfactant of being used to distribute allows original position to form the material of slurry type alternatively.

Equally alternatively, can use heat exchanger 4m to come this to be contained the water gasification before being sprayed containing water, for example being used for forming the vapor phase of spraying separately, explain as top through nozzle 1a, 1a ', 1c, the 1c ' of Figure 1A.Contain water for heating this, can retrieve the heat of the electrode of autoreactor cooling system and plasma torch.

But operative installations 4p, 4o come through the good separation of the density control of measurement object phase (through deposition), and this device is positioned at the settling vessel 4d place that is used for layering.

Device 4i, 4h, 4o, 4p provide to handling the measurement of type device 7, so that manage the preparation of liquid to be sprayed.

Conduit 40,41 is respectively applied for atomizing of liquids mutually and the vapor phase of optional separation, and said conduit can for example be heated through fire-bar or hot gas, and this hot gas is collected and spurted in the dual cover of said conduit in the outlet of torch 3.

Can comprise the device 5 that is used to check jet quality according to equipment of the present invention.

An example of this device is optical diagnostics assembly 5a, and this assembly can be through analyzing the quality of diagnosing fractionation via the image of one or more observation windows 51,53, and said observation window accurately illustrates in Figure 16.

Said assembly can for example comprise the video camera 5b and the pulse laser 5b ' of high definition, so that illuminate and observe the position or the motion of the drop of the liquid material in the plume.Alternatively, can use the filter system 55 that is associated with video camera 5a and is suitable for the characteristic of plasma oxidizing gases,, and differentiate the drop of the liquid that illuminates by laser beam so that overcome the intrinsic emissivity of plasma.Can use neutral scanning gas (being nitrogen among Figure 16) on observation window 51, to deposit carbon black so that avoid.

Second example of this device is diagnotic module 5c, and this assembly is positioned at the outlet (or the difference place of inside reactor, if the RT of gas in reactor is long) of reactor, and is used to follow the tracks of the composition of permanent gas.According to the data that obtain through this measurement, can be directed against jet performance level (for example through following the tracks of the fractionation level in conversion ratio or the plume) and reduce by first magnitude.

Therewith abreast; Can be this measures related PID type and measures (image-ionization detection of carrying out near the UV lamp of 10.6eV by means of energy); So that the gas matrix that is not cooled disturbs, thereby tar or bio oil content are provided or the evaluation line of the organic materials that do not transform fully.After this equipment is that thermal quenching and filter system (are conventional; And it is not shown); Being used for fixing the kinetic energy of conversion product, allowing cooling gas flow, and eliminate and make air-flow to be analyzed occur the possibility of carbon vestige before being introduced among gas chromatograph 5c for example and the PID.

According to the result of diagnostic device, can be integrated oneself the processor device 7a of regulating system activate and spray and the controlling element (spray angle, amount of exercise, water content etc.) of material preparation system, to adapt to these key elements.

In addition, the injection that makes liquid material to be transformed can be set be adapted to possibly changing of plasma plume, especially the equipment of the pulse of torch change.

In fact, pulse can appear because of the unsteadiness that is produced in the plume that is derived from non-transfevent arc formula plasma torch, and especially the electric arc in the torch head interrupts or during regeneration.This variation (especially on the temperature) be relatively have periodic, and the voltage that can locate through recording occurring continuously electrode terminal 30,31 (Figure 1A) and directly tracking is shown in figure 21.Because for given torch and given service conditions, constant relatively from the periodicity of the pulse of the plume of torch, so needn't (and because of impossible moment of pulse frequency) make injection adapt to pulse in real time.Yet, the good synchronism of not the departing from property that can control cycle and the injection of pulse and liquid jet (if they are pulseds), so that be particularly useful for:

-plasma confinement body feathers flows the danger with material cause clogging to be transformed;

-benefit from the plasma plume that in the given time period, has the best efficient of possibility (and the hottest thus).

Deviation periodically occurs (can measure through rapid acquiring formula oscilloscope 6, under situation Figure 1B), the scalable nozzle parameter is so that stable selected periodicity observing.

For this reason, diagnostic system is also connected to processor 7a, and this processor is periodicity and the phase parameter between the pulse of jeting instruction and plasma plume relatively regularly.

Operation according to equipment of the present invention is described below.

Plasma torch produces plasma plume 3, and liquid ejector is to wherein spraying material to be transformed.

The supply of material preparation facilities is suitable for the material of injector.

The jet quality diagnostic device can be checked the fractionation of jet, and the composition of monitoring permanent gas.

In addition, control device monitoring torch pulse.

The information that diagnostic device, control device and material preparation facilities are gathered them sends to data processing equipment 7a, 7b.

Then, data processing equipment may command material preparation facilities is so that adapt the composition of material and the information of being gathered.

Data processing equipment also can be controlled the pulse of injector with respect to the pulse of plasma, for example is used for regulating again with respect to the pulse of this plasma.

Exemplary embodiment according to spraying system of the present invention will be described below.

This example is used the non-transferred arc formula plasma torch of 2MW electrical power, and it is used for through preferably bio oil being spurted into the optimal conversion that the plasma plume is realized bio oil.

Select following service data:

The diameter of-torch spout: 60mm,

The length of-plasma plume: 300mm (suppose that the temperature of this plume and flowing velocity are constant in this zone, calculate) so that simplify,

The shape of-plume: taper,

The temperature of-plume: 7000K,

The density of-plume: 3.4910 ^-2Kg/m ³,

The density of-bio oil: 1200kg/m ³,

The hot income of-plasma torch: 90%,

The conversion enthalpy of-liquid material to be transformed: 11MJ/kg (supposes the composition C of this material _xH _yO _zBe desirable, thereby needn't spray additional water).

In view of these data, the maximum capacity of treatment system (Qmax) is near 600kg/h.Can select 6 injectors of right quantity, to guarantee this distribution in the plasma plume, the axis of injector is shown in figure 11 to replace.In Figure 17, be positioned at the layout on same plane (plane of this figure) for injector wherein, be the location and the given different markers of angle of injector, especially:

-R and L are respectively the radiuses of the plasma of the base portion measured from the plasma flow rotation axis, and the length of the plasma plume of measuring from this base portion,

-ri be illustrated in measure on the plasma flow rotation axis, when jet converges the fractionation zone of liquid or the length of lamella,

Each of-two jets converges the position of zone on the plasma flow rotation axis and is designated as xi,

-Hi represent to pass the jet convergent point flow axes each vertical line and leg-of-mutton one of them long limit of expression plasma plume intersection point, be positioned at the plasma flow axis normal and be positioned at the position on the axis of figure plane,

The position of the rectangular projection that-x ' i (H ' i) representes the intersection point that the leg-of-mutton adjacent side of each jet and expression plasma plume intersects on plasma flow rotation axis (be arranged in vertical and be positioned on the axis of figure plane) with this flow axes.

With regard to the mark among Figure 17 and 18 (wherein the plasma plume is shown as triangle), can have:

$x^{\′}i=\frac{R+\mathrm{Xi}\·\mathrm{Tan}{\mathrm{\θ}}_i}{R/L+\mathrm{Tan}{\mathrm{\θ}}_i}$ (wherein i=2 or 3),

Hi '=tan θ ixi '-tan θ ixi (wherein i=2 or 3),

Hi=R-R/Lxi (wherein i=1,2 or 3),

Provided the value of Hi among Figure 17.

Under the situation of no any interference, converging of two jets makes it possible to form the fluid lamella, and its length especially depends on the incidence angle of jet.Usually, can estimate ratio er/ (Φ/2) according to angle beta ², like what limited among Figure 19, wherein Φ is the injection diameter of corresponding injector.

Infer the maximum of r (distance between the pour point R of jet 10,10 ' convergent point and lamella periphery) through incidence angle θ according to jet; And the thickness e of considering lamella 13 is for than the liquid jet that converges 10,10 ' the little magnitude of radius, can at first approach the following maximum (because in fact the plasma plume tends to reduce the formation of these fluid lamellas) that is derived from the lamella length that jet converges:

R 1	r 2	r 3
			About 3-4 Φ 1	22.5Φ 2	45Φ 3

(Φ _iBe diameter) through the jet of injector i injection.

Then allow for the basic volume that comprises spray site and the occupation rate that limits liquid material (τ i) like the basic volume δ Vi that Figure 18 limited.

Suppose that δ Vi is the basic volume that comprises anchor point xi, value that then should the basis volume has following expression formula:

δVi＝1/3·π·[ri+(x’i-xi)]·(Hi’ ²+Hi’·Hi+Hi ²)。

If the momental ratio of the amount of exercise of the jet of injector i and plasma plume is qi, the flow of the liquid of injector i is Qi, then can set following rule:

If-xi increases, then:

-greater than 1, all reduce to guarantee θ i and Φ i, but all keep carrying out the parameter of this method;

-Qi, it also is an operational factor, reduces, but ∑ Qi＜Qmax,

-τ i can be variable, even tends to reduce, but keeps less than 1%,

-qi, it also is an operational factor, is chosen to be the plume of liquid.

Through following this structural law; Can obtain the embodiment shown in the Table II; Wherein can be at run duration; Seek to make ε (distance between two occupied areas of the plume that is occupied by liquid substance is seen Figure 18) minimum and regulate τ i (for the diagnostic data of jet quality) by means of operational factor θ i, Qi and qi:

Table II

More general; Different with this example; Regardless of selected configuration the quantity of injector in the quantity of injector group and each the injector group (thereby regardless of), for wherein first group more near two injector groups of the base portion 33 of plasma, first group has parameter τ 1, θ 1, Φ 1, q1 and Q1; Second group has parameter τ 2, θ 2, Φ 2, q2 and Q2, can so that:

-θ 1＞θ 2, and Φ 1＞Φ 2;

-Q1＞Q2, but ∑ Qi＜Qmax (Qmax=total flow (the conversion enthalpy (the conversion energy of the material of every mass unit) according to obtainable heat energy and material in the plasma plume limits, and is about 600l/h at this), τ 1 and τ 2＜1%);

-q1 and q2 are all greater than 1.

Generally, form equipment of the present invention can guarantee material the best conversion maybe, the optimal compromise between following is sought in operation:

The optimum fractionation of-liquid to be transformed, it makes that the exchange face between liquid and plasma plume can be best;

The RT of-material in plume is long as much as possible;

-farthest use the maximum temperature in the plasma plume;

-farthest use the active matter content in the plasma plume;

The conversion itself that should be known in material is exactly Growth Function (conversion=f (t, the S of above-mentioned parameter _{Be situated between The exchange of matter/reactant}, T °, Comp)).

The present invention is applicable to the liquid of conversion such as bio oil, from the slurry of waste water treatment plant, be derived from " slurries " or the particle of solid atomizing, these particles and liquid mixing are so that spurt in the plasma torch.

The present invention also is applicable to biological oil type liquid, perhaps more generally contains the liquid of fine particle potentially, even more general because its physicochemical characteristics (especially viscosity) and the liquid of difficult atomizing, conversion and/or injection.

The bio oil gasification process can be used for providing the gas that is suitable for producing synthetic fuel.

Explained that like preface part can obtain bio oil through the flash pyrolysis, the flash pyrolysis is a kind of thermochemical method (under the temperature of 500 ℃ of T ≈), wherein under the situation of anaerobic with the biomass Fast Heating.Under thermal effect, the biomass degraded also causes forming permanent gas, coagulable steam, aerosol and carbon residue.After volatile composition and aerosol cooling and condensing, obtain dark bay liquid usually: bio oil.According to the present invention, through spurting into plasma torch, can limit or avoid the appearance of tar (to be lower than 0.1mg/Nm so then with this bio oil gasification ³Limiting value).

The present invention also can advantageously be applied to need to use plasma plume or flame or the method for the fluid of heat, perhaps produces and be unfavorable for material is mixed with plasma the method for the large amount of exercise of (or mix with flame or hot fluid, or produce big amount of exercise).

Also can bear the change of density of liquid to be transformed according to system of the present invention.Yet,,, just must carry out the adjusting that possibly bother very much if density of liquid has change for other system.

Claims (26)

1. the equipment of an atomizing of liquids material in plasma torch; This equipment comprises N injector group Gi; N wherein>1 and i=1; ... N; Along the plasma flow axis arranged, each group Gi includes ni injector (1b, 1b ', 1d, 1d ', 1f, 1f '), wherein ni >=2 at least around plasma flow zone (3) for said N injector group; Said injector is arranged so that each injector all sprays said liquid substance along direction in the opposite direction with plasma flow at least in part (10,10 ') in plasma; Said ni injector among the same injector group Gi relative to each other is provided with around said plasma flow zone with 360 °/(ni) angle intervals, so that all form the bus of a taper to ni injector of plasma jet liquid jet, the summit of this taper is positioned on the plasma flow.

2. equipment according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the base portion (33) of the said plasma of said injector distance is far away more, and the emission axis of said injector is just more little with respect to the incidence angle of said plasma flow rotation axis.

3. equipment according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that at least one injector comprises the piezo-electric device that is used to make the liquid fractionation of being sprayed.

4. according to each described equipment in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that at least one injector comprises spiral interior profile (120).

5. equipment according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, this equipment also comprises the device that is used in the said injector injection pulse of at least a portion formula liquid jet sequence.

6. equipment according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, the said injector of at least a portion also all comprises the vapour injection nozzle (1a, 1a ', 1c, 1c ') that is used for liquid jet while jet vapor jet.

7. equipment according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, this equipment also comprises in order to the device (4g, 4g ') to liquid material pressurization to be transformed.

8. equipment according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that this equipment also comprises separator, and this separator is used for separating the organic compound of the weight of liquid to be transformed, the light thing phase that is used for separating this same liquid on the other hand on the one hand.

9. equipment according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, this equipment also comprises the device that is used for before injection, making the water gasification (4m ').

10. equipment according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that this equipment also comprises Optical devices, and these Optical devices are used to control the emitted dose of material to be transformed.

11. equipment according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, this equipment comprises that also the injection that is used to make liquid material to be transformed adapts to the device (6,7) of the variation of said plasma.

12. equipment according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, this equipment comprises that the emitted dose that is used to make material to be transformed adapts to the device of the variation of said plasma.

13. the method for an atomizing of liquids material in plasma torch; Wherein, Through N injector group Gi atomizing of liquids; N wherein>1 and i=1 ... N, said injector group be arranged in plasma flow zone (3) around and along the plasma flow rotation axis; Each group Gi includes ni injector (1b, 1b ', 1d, 1d ', 1f, 1f ') at least; Ni >=2 wherein, said injector is arranged so that each injector all sprays at least a portion of said liquid substance along opposite with plasma flow direction (B) at least in part direction (A) in plasma, said ni injector in the same injector group relative to each other is provided with around said plasma flow zone with 360 °/(ni) angle intervals; So that said injector all forms the bus of a taper to the liquid jet of plasma jet, the summit of this taper is positioned on the plasma flow.

14. method according to claim 13 is characterized in that, this liquid is bio oil or solid particle and mixtures of liquids or from the slurry of waste water treatment plant.

15., it is characterized in that the part heat through the supporting member recovery of injector is distributed by plasma arrives the liquid through said injector through conduction with this heat transferred then according to claim 13 or 14 described methods.

16., it is characterized in that the liquid jet sequence of injection pulse formula in the said injector of at least a portion according to claim 13 or 14 described methods.

17. according to claim 13 or 14 described methods, it is characterized in that, at least a portion liquid jet, with liquid jet while jet vapor jet.

18. method according to claim 17; It is characterized in that; In advance fluid separation applications is become first and second portion, this first can be in the temperature gasified of the mean temperature that is lower than plasma, and this second portion will be ejected in the plasma with liquid form.

19. according to claim 13 or 14 described methods, it is characterized in that, in liquid to be sprayed, add water.

20. according to claim 13 or 14 described methods, it is characterized in that, form steam layer (11,11 ') in the outside of said plasma.

21. according to claim 13 or 14 described methods, it is characterized in that, the liquid jet of ni injector in the same injector group converged in plasma.

22. method according to claim 21 is characterized in that, the zone of converging of the liquid jet of the injector in the same injector group is positioned on the plasma flow rotation axis of said plasma.

23., it is characterized in that the jet angle of at least one jet injection that changes said liquid jet in the plasma according to claim 13 or 14 described methods.

24. method according to claim 23 is characterized in that, changes the jet angle of this liquid jet through the pressure that changes the liquid at least one this liquid jet.

25. according to claim 13 or 14 described methods, it is characterized in that, apply rotational movement amount of mobile at least one liquid jet of said liquid jet.

26., it is characterized in that according to claim 13 or 14 described methods, utilize the injector atomizing of liquids of different injector groups, said different injector groups comprise the different incidence angles with respect to said plasma flow rotation axis.

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