CN1018965B - 旋转吹弧和膨胀吹弧的断路器 - Google Patents

旋转吹弧和膨胀吹弧的断路器

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CN1018965B
CN1018965B CN88104016A CN88104016A CN1018965B CN 1018965 B CN1018965 B CN 1018965B CN 88104016 A CN88104016 A CN 88104016A CN 88104016 A CN88104016 A CN 88104016A CN 1018965 B CN1018965 B CN 1018965B
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contact
end plate
circuit breaker
arc
chamber
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CN1030496A (zh
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乔治斯·伯纳德
雷曼德·布里森
皮里·莱克勒克
奥迪尔·菲鲁
弗朗西斯·斯卡波尼
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Merlin Gerin SA
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/98Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being initiated by an auxiliary arc or a section of the arc, without any moving parts for producing or increasing the flow
    • H01H33/982Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being initiated by an auxiliary arc or a section of the arc, without any moving parts for producing or increasing the flow in which the pressure-generating arc is rotated by a magnetic field
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/88Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
    • H01H33/90Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism
    • H01H33/91Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism the arc-extinguishing fluid being air or gas
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/98Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being initiated by an auxiliary arc or a section of the arc, without any moving parts for producing or increasing the flow

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  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
  • Circuit Breakers (AREA)

Abstract

一个在六氯化硫中膨胀吹弧和旋转吹弧的断路器,包括有一个金属断路腔室,后者支撑一个能与主动触头配合作用的主静触头。这个断路腔室包括有远离断路区的绝缘端盘和其对面的接近断路区的金属端盘,后者支撑一个线圈式或永磁式磁吹磁铁,使得装于断路腔室内的电弧触头之间产生的拉弧旋转。

Description

这一发明涉及一种具有密封外壳的断路器。
一种先有技术的断路器,是将用膨胀气体气动吹弧和转动环形电极形成磁吹弧结合起来。这种断开方式可以用于中、高压断路器,并具有操作力要求低的优点。已建议这种断路器除了适合能确保断流的电弧触头之外,还适合流有额定电流并在电弧触头分离之前就开断的主触头。这些先有技术的设备很复杂,并且要求非常精密的电气联结。
本发明的目的,是完成一种结构和设计都特别简单的断路器,其结构能使电流的导通及开断功能分开。本发明的断路器,壳内充满高介电强度的气体并包含一个或多个断路器断口,每一断口(pole)包括:
-一个断路腔室,它有回转表面,其两端均用端盘密封。
-一对管状电弧触头,同轴布置在上述断路腔室中,每一触头都穿过上述端盘中的一个,从而在电弧触头分开位置使断路腔室与上述外壳相通,借助于管状电弧触头构成的气体泄流渠道而形成膨胀室。
-一个线圈或者一个永久磁铁,在断路腔室内由上述端盘之一所支撑,以便在电弧触头分离区建立磁吹场,使得在两个分开的电弧触头之间引起的电弧旋转。
其特点是一对主触头布置在断路腔室之外,当发生断路器的开断 操作时使主触头在电弧触头分离之前就断开,其中,上述回转表面和支撑磁装置的端盘由金属制成,并在电气上联到穿过这端盘的电弧触头上,另一端盘由绝缘材料制成,以便在触头的开断位置提供电气上的绝缘,上述回转表面的环形边缘与绝缘端盘邻接,或者支撑主静触头,并且其中电弧触头的触头区在轴向偏于支撑磁装置的金属端盘那一侧。
回转表面,本例中的断路腔室的圆柱形表面以及邻近断路区的端盘都用金属制成,用来支撑或构成主静触头及其到静止电弧触头的联接,这些都做为电流输入的导体。对面的断路腔室另一端盘远离开断区,而且较少承受热的和机械的应力,它可以由绝缘材料制成,在断路器的开断位置提供电气绝缘。这个绝缘端盘是锥形的,这有很大优越性,并且包括有以很小间隙围绕动触头的圆柱形金属嵌件,它在电气上与动触头相联,比如是通过弹簧圈形成的摩擦接触而实现。主动触头被支撑并在电气上联接到电弧动触头,这使开关装置的制造及装配大大简化。主静触头及主动触头的装配考虑到断路腔室的尺寸在其延伸部进行。主触头包括有一个漏斗形指式触头是很有利的,它或者能够牢固地固定在这些触头的移动部分,或者可以牢固地固定在这些触头的静止部份。根据一个替代方案,这一漏斗形指式触头可以安置成做为接触桥,与面对面布置的两个主静触头配合作用。每一断口可以装在各自的同轴圆柱形的外壳里并在开断腔室之外,或者是全部断路器断口都布置在适当形状的共同外壳之内。本发明适用于具有磁吹弧线圈的断路器,此线圈在主触头开断时或者在电弧接上极板时接入电路;也适用于具有永久磁铁磁吹弧的断路器。下面就通过两个管状电弧触头而具有双重气吹的断路器,对本发明加以描述,而这也适合 于具有单吹的断路器,特别是通过动触头泄出气体形成气吹的那种断路器。
从以下的本发明各种说明性方案的描述中,其他优越性及特点会变得更加明显,这些方案只做为非限制性的实例并以附图代表之。其中:
图1是按照本发明的一个断路器之轴向剖面简图,右手侧的半个剖面表示这个断路器处于闭合位置,而左手侧的半个剖面表示它在开断位置;
图2是图1中Ⅱ-Ⅱ线截成的横断面;
图3是按照图1配置的断路腔室一种替代方案的放大局部视图;
图4和图5是类似于图3的视图,说明本发明的两种替代方案。
在这些图中,一个中压或高压开关的断口包括有由圆柱形套筒所封闭的外壳12,在其两端用两块端盘14、16密封。外壳12中充以高介电强度的气体,通常是常压或高压的六氟化硫。圆柱形套筒可以由绝缘材料制成;而端盘14、16由导电材料做成,形成电流输入端板。布置在外壳12轴线上的操作杆18,紧配合穿过端盘16并在外壳12之内以管状动触头20延伸。管状动触头20在其端部支持一个电弧动触头22,与对面的端盘14所支撑的电弧静触头24相配合。由圆柱表面28和两个端盘30、32所形成的断路腔室26同轴地环绕着电弧触头22、24。圆柱形表面28和邻近静触头24的端盘30由金属制成并在电气上与静触头24相联。动触头20所穿过的对面那个端盘32是用绝缘材料做的,以保障动触头20和圆柱表面28之间的绝缘。在断路腔室26之内,布置着一个磁装置34,它与金属端盘30毗连。众所周知型式的磁装置 34,是以电极板36“加盖”的,从而形成面对电弧触头22的电弧移动的导向板。线圈34一方面在电气上联到极板36,另一方面又联到端盘30,这就在断路器处于闭合位置时,使磁装置34串联嵌进电弧触头22和静触头24之间。在图1的左手侧所代表的断路器处于开断位置时,断路腔室26与外壳12相通,这就形成了一个膨胀室,一方面是通过其基座在触头内管与外壳12之间有联络孔38的管状动触头20,另一方面是通过管形静触头24,后者以中心孔道40通过磁装置34延伸,并在基座上通过孔道42与外壳12相通。在图1右半部视图所代表的断路器闭合位置,电弧动触头22与极板36紧接,阻断了由触头20、24形成的两路排气渠道。电弧动触头22是半固定套筒式触头,靠弹簧44偏移至延伸位置。滑动触头46由外壳12的端盘16支撑,与动触头20配合动作,提供这个动触头20和端盘16形成的电流输入端板之间的电气联接。
断路腔室26的圆柱形表面28,通过做为主静触头的凸缘48延伸超过绝缘端盘32。主静触头48与主动触头50配合工作,后者是由牢固装在动触头20上的支座52所支承的漏斗形指式触头构成的。漏斗形触头50的指与凸缘48的内表面配合工作,从而照顾了断路腔室26的尺寸。但是,非常清楚的是,当主触头的尺寸是第二位问题时,也可以采用相反的安排,使凸缘48在外面靠紧。
从上面的描述中,根据本发明做成的开关的运行,就很明显了:
在图1右侧半个视图所代表的断路器闭合位置,在给定瞬间电流通过端盘16流入,流经滑动触头46,动触头20,支座52,漏斗形指式触头50,主触头48,圆柱表面28,导电端盘30,静触头24和输出端盘14。很少部分电流要流经由电弧动触头22、 极板36、磁装置34和导电端盘30所形成的并联支路。断路器的开断是由图1中操作杆18的下滑控制的,此杆将漏斗形指式主触头50向下移到与主静触头48的分离位置。在断路器开断动作的第一阶段,套筒式装配的电弧动触头22由于弹簧44的作用而仍然紧靠着极板36。一旦主触头48、50分离,电流就转入由电弧动触头22和磁装置34所形成的并联支路。发生主触头48、50开断,而不会产生电弧,而一旦电流转入并联支路,磁装置34就产生磁场,吹断在断路器连续的开断移动过程中,当电弧触头22、36分离时所产生的电弧。拉进断路腔室26的电弧引起室内气体温度增高、压力增大,这些气体通过管状触头20、24泄入外壳12形成的膨胀室,气流吹断伸展在电弧动触头22和极板36之间的电弧。电弧的旋转吹动和膨胀气吹的综合作用,保证了高速灭弧效果。断路区布置在断路腔室26的金属端盘30的附近,而由绝缘材料做成的对面端盘32位于离电弧作用区很远的地方,从而免受电弧作用的损害。用将绝缘端盘32布置远离断路区的方法,减少了污染和损坏的危险,同时,采用具有圆柱形金属外壳28的断路腔室26,也确保了主静触头48和静触头24电气上相联。总组装非常简单和紧凑。
在上述例子中,一旦主触头48、50开断,磁装置34立即并入电流通路,但是,非常清楚的是,这种“并入电路”可以靠电弧接上电极板36自动实现。磁装置34也可以用永久磁铁代替,而气吹可以通过触头之一,主要是动触头20来进行。也可采用一种多断口断路器将几个断口组合起来而外壳12对全部断口通用而构成,外壳的形状自然要适合在其中安排这些断口的需要。
主触头48、50的结构可以不同,下面参照图3、图4为例,说明两种可选用的方案。在这些图中,用同样的标号表明与图1中同样的或类似的部件。
在图3中,动触头20支撑漏斗形指状接触桥式的主动触头54。在右侧半个视图所代表的断路器闭合位置,漏斗状指形接触桥54一方面与断路腔室26所支撑的主静触头48配合,另一方面又与在电气上联接到电流输入端盘16的圆柱状静触头56配合。当发生断路器的开断动作时,桥式接触器54被拉进圆柱形静触头56里面,以前述方式与主静触头48分离。将主触头安排成接触桥式,可使电流主回路与旁路都更好地开断,但是操作并无改变。
按照图4说明的替代方案,漏斗形指式主触头58,由断路腔室26的圆柱形表面28所支撑,这个漏斗形指式触头58沿圆柱形主动触头60的方向伸展,后者牢固地固定在动触头20上。通过漏斗形指式触头58与断路器固定部分的配合,使可动装配件的重量减少,并使触头断开速度大大增加。
断路腔室26的绝缘端盘32支持着由绝缘材料或者导电材料制成的凸缘62,配置于主触头58、60和动触头20之间。这种凸缘62可以用于描述过的各种可选用方案中。
图5说明一种绝缘端盘32的较佳方案,它自然可以用于各替代方案之中。绝缘端盘32是锥形的,这就增加了爬电距离并改善了介电强度。在动触头20和绝缘端盘32之间,配置一个金属嵌件64,它环绕着动触头20,其间隙很小并通过在嵌件64上面对动触头20的环形沟中埋设的弹性金属环66所形成的滑动接 触,使嵌件64在电气上联至动触头20,这样就避免了在动触头20和绝缘端盘32之间允许相对滑动的气隙中起火的危险。

Claims (9)

1、一种具有密封外壳(12)的断路器,其中充以高介电强度气体,并包括至少一个断路器断口,每一断口包括:
一个断路腔室(26),它有一个在两端用端盘(30,32)紧紧密封的回转表面(28),
一对电弧触头(20,22,24,36),其中至少一个是管状的,同轴布置在上述断路腔室(26)中而且每一个触头都穿过上述端盘(30,32)之一,从而在电弧触头的分离位置使断路腔室与上述外壳相通,通过由上述一个管状电弧触头构成的气体外流渠道形成膨胀室(10),
一个磁装置(34),它由断路腔室(26)内的端盘之一(30)所支撑,以便在电弧触头分离区建立一个磁吹场,使得在两个分离的电弧触头之间产生的电弧旋转,其特征在于包括:
一对主触头(48,50;48,54,56;58,60),布置在断路腔室(26)之外,当发生断路器的开断操作时使主触头在电弧触头分离之前就断开,其中,上述回转表面(28)和支撑磁装置(34)的端盘(30)由金属制成,并在电气上联到穿过这端盘的电弧触头(24)上,另一端盘(32)由绝缘材料制成,以便在触头的开断位置提供电气上的绝缘,上述回转表面(28)的环形边缘与绝缘端盘(32)邻接,或者支撑主静触头(48,58),并且其中电弧触头(20,22,24,36)的触头区在轴向偏于支撑磁装置(34)的金属端盘(30)那一侧。
2、根据权利要求1做成的断路器,其特征在于:断路腔室(26)的绝缘端盘(32)有穿其而过的滑动电弧动触头(20,22),这触头与穿过金属端盘(30)的电弧静触头(24,26)配合动作,电弧静触头与此金属端盘在电气上和机械上是相联的。
3、根据权利要求1做成的断路器,其特征在于:磁装置(34)包括有毗邻并在电气上联到金属端盘(30)的一面,另一面加盖并联至环形极板,它与电弧静触头(24)配合形成电弧移动的导向板,此电弧静触头在轴向穿过此磁装置。
4、根据权利要求1做成的断路器,其特征在于,管状电弧动触头(20,22)穿过断路腔室(26)的绝缘端盘(32),并通过紧配合穿过密封外壳(12)的操作杆(18)而延伸。漏斗状指形主动触头(50)牢固地固定在电弧动触头和操作杆组件上。
5、根据权利要求1做成的断路器,其特征在于:主动触头是由牢固固定在电弧动触头(20,22)上的漏斗状指形接触桥能够把彼此相对的两个主静触头(48,56)之间的绝缘间隙桥接起来。
6、根据权利要求1做成的断路器,其特征在于:上述回转表面(28)的环状边缘支撑一个漏斗状主静触头(58),能与圆柱形环式的主动触头(60)配合动作。
7、根据权利要求1做成的断路器,其特征在于:锥形绝缘端盘(32)包括有以很小间隙环绕电弧动触头(22)和金属嵌件(64),此嵌件与电弧动触头在电气上是相联的。
8、根据权利要求1做成的断路器,其中,上述外壳(12)支持两个连结端盘(14,16),分别联到电弧静触头(24)和电弧动触头(20,22),做为电流输入导体。
9、根据权利要求1做成的断路器,其中,上述外壳(12)是圆筒形并含有轴向布置在该外壳内的一个断口,断路腔室(26)也是圆筒形的。
CN88104016A 1987-07-02 1988-07-01 旋转吹弧和膨胀吹弧的断路器 Expired CN1018965B (zh)

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FR8709524 1987-07-02
FR8709524A FR2617633B1 (fr) 1987-07-02 1987-07-02 Disjoncteur a arc tournant et a expansion

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CN1030496A CN1030496A (zh) 1989-01-18
CN1018965B true CN1018965B (zh) 1992-11-04

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DE3884078T2 (de) 1994-04-21
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JP2746379B2 (ja) 1998-05-06
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US4900882A (en) 1990-02-13
EP0298809A1 (fr) 1989-01-11
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YU126688A (en) 1991-02-28
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FR2617633B1 (fr) 1989-11-17
CA1314919C (en) 1993-03-23
FR2617633A1 (fr) 1989-01-06
KR890002930A (ko) 1989-04-12
EP0298809B1 (fr) 1993-09-15
JPS6421839A (en) 1989-01-25
ES2046317T3 (es) 1994-02-01
DE3884078D1 (de) 1993-10-21
KR0129003B1 (ko) 1998-04-15

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