CN1018887B - Tree-planting method sapling with earth block - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a forestation method by chopping with soil blocks, which comprises seedling cultivating, seedling lifting and planting. The present invention is characterized in that seedlings are lifted; when soil humidity has plasticity, soil does not stick to seedling lifting tools, and soil blocks are not deformed or broken, the soil blocks are cut into soil blocks in the shape of a tetragonal prism of a certain size by a special seedling lifting knife or shovel, and the seedlings do not need to be planted deep; the surrounding area and the upper side of the soil blocks are cultivated with fine soil without the operation of hammering and stepping and without the problem of regulating roots or protecting seedling roots in general. The technology is simple and easy to master, and the survival rate of forestation is over 95% and is stable. The main technical and economical indexes of seedling culture and forestation both exceed those of naked root seedlings and container seedlings. The present invention is suitable for forestation with plantlets, seedling culture in fields, precision sowing, forestation in autumn and in winter, and wide popularization and application.

Description

Tree-planting method sapling with earth block

The present invention relates to planting technique, particularly ball planting does not have a kind of method of container class.

At all times, bare-rooted planting dominates.Bare-rooted planting has separated the intrinsic contact on shoot root and the place; bring a series of plant physiology problems thus; most of coniferous species and some deciduous species contradiction of mountain area afforestation are particularly outstanding; behind the lifting; the intrinsic adaptability of nursery stock reduces; it is many to influence the subjective and objective restraining factors that survive and grow, and the restriction degree is strong, and the planting season is short; favorable season also is subjected to the restriction of soil moisture content and weather; the shoot root protection is strict, the planting technique complexity, and craftsmenship is strong; urgent being not easy measured and described; the root that relaxes is unfavorable, can not protect original three-dimensional distribution after supporting root is planted, and inevitably causes overlapping and flexural deformation.The soil that contains little chad, little chad can not all be sorted out outside the cave, damage root system when urgent.Sometimes soil is beaten not tight.Heavily sticking and urgent the causing of over-wet soil earth hardened.These problems make bare-rooted planting not manageability and control, particularly serious with loose China fir seedling afforestation, and a little less than the strength of combatting natural disaster, growth is slow, and survival rate is low, and uneven, instability, the afforestation that has failure.

The bare-rooted planting drawback is familiar with by increasing people gradually, and ball planting on probation to be solving the bare-rooted planting technical problem, the fifties end, and Guangdong Zhanjiang region initiative planting brick method has been opened the prelude that China's large tracts of land band is made woods with local methods.

Since the sixties, container seedling is development to some extent at home and abroad, during 5 years afforestation of Guangdong greening in 10 years, makes woods with local methods based on the band of container seedling and planting brick and accounts for artificial afforestation area's 80%.Illustrate that it is the inevitable development trend of afforestation technology reform that band is made naked afforestation of woods replacement with local methods.But container seedling exists recruitment many, the cost height, and technical sophistication, root system curls, and divests drawback, especially seedling growing process complexity such as container when planting, and requires high.

The present invention seeks to overcome the drawback of planting brick method and container seedling, solve the bare-rooted planting technical problem, providing a kind of can prolong the planting season, and afforestation is not subjected to soil moisture content and the strict control of weather, and planting technique is simple, the method for forestation that survival rate is high.

The rationale and the guiding theory that realize the object of the invention are that the cultivation root system is normal, and highly Shi Yi healthy and strong nursery stock keeps the intrinsic adaptability of nursery stock, not because of displacement reduces adaptability, mainly removes to defeat nature by nursery stock oneself.

Realize that purpose measure of the present invention is, adopt stripping and slicing band soil afforestation method, this method comprise grow seedlings, lifting, the process of planting, requirement grow seedlings near planting site, general radius is no more than 1.5 kms, more better, can not there be stone in the seedling field, the same bareroot seedling of other requirement conditions.Use sufficient base fertilizer, but should plough shallowly through ploughing rake winter, and fertilizer is executed in 10 lis of soil layers, the suitable diligent filling flood irrigation of drought resisting, in order to avoid Gen Zhatai is dark, minimizing stripping and slicing band soil contain the root rate.It is suitable dark to enclose in the well well, and the bed well is suitable shallow, to improve land utilization rate.Seed is used before broadcasting and is inhaled no poisoning organophosphorous pesticide in the severe toxicity as 3911,1059 processing such as grade, to stop the sparrow plague of rats.Use precise sowing.Promptly in 3 days, use bud transplantation of seedlings polishing after nursery stock all sprouts, strive full stand being short of seedling.The not thinning of group planting, not group planting nursery stock spend the disease of withering down close after thinning by stages and in groups, every is stayed 1 strain, conifer suitable night is with the promotion growth of mycorrhiza.Same bareroot seedling is managed in the seedling field.

Irritate saturating seedbed before the lifting, marquis's soil has plasticity, sticking lifting instrument, and lifting during the indeformable chip-proof humidity of soil block, later soil becomes dry day by day, should divide 2-3 suitably watering before noon at lifting, and soil block is optimum humidity during the maintenance lifting.As day rain, can on the seedbed, cover draining with plastic foil or other article arches.

Lifting is cut all soil of shoot root and is cube shaped with lifting cutter or spade, is 6 * 6 * 10 centimetres of soil blocks as masson pine and torch pine, and China fir is 7 * 7 * 10 or 8 * 8 * 10 centimetres of soil blocks, and so large clod can be with the 70-80% root system.

The lifting cutter is rectangle, and long 25 centimetres, wide 6 centimetres, with the length of side of soil block, preceding two sides opening down, the thick and same kitchen knife of hilt part of the knife back.Cutter is perpendicular to be cut or vertical cut, and a soil block is cut three cuttves, on cut 2 cuttves, in addition 2 cutter common edge cut, undercutting 1 cutter.Lifting is seated.

The long 25-30 of lifting spade centimetre, wide 7 or 8 centimetres, with the length of side of soil block, the bottom surface opening, gradually thick in from top to bottom 3 millimeters, spade handle part is with Pu Tong .The lifting of standing.

Count the 2000-3000 piece with the every worker's lifting of lifting cutter, hang down 20% approximately than cutter with lifting spade lifting work efficiency.

Play good seedling and be emitted on successively on the seedbed of seedling,, be no more than 36 hours to planting for well from lifting preferably with rising with fortune with planting.Temporarily cannot not plant intactly, spray water to soil block with sprayer repeatedly,, in 3-4 days, planted influence not quite to keep the most suitable humidity of soil block.Should not preserve moisture with Gai Miao such as grass.

Plant and separate the cave, put seedling, earth backing is set upright and is filled up 3 steps of soil again.Open acupoint depth with the soil block height, the limit is opened the limit, cave and is smashed soil, and seedling is put and filled out the part fine earth in the cave and set upright, fill up with crushed fine earth around the soil block, and soil block loam cake 3 cm thick fine earths, to there not being visible void, hammering is stepped on, and prevents to break soil block.

Large tracts of land masses' proof of afforesting, the lethality that causes is 1-3% because of planting, wherein cause death because of clods breaking more than 90%, be after-culture, can disperse to plant two soil blocks of 3% in when afforestation, about 20 centimetres of two soil block spacings are used for the benefit value in order to digging out one, also can be used for after-culture local concentrated the planting that have a good transport service.Small size afforestation can be obtained 100% survival rate, and large tracts of land afforestation can be obtained 99.5% above survival rate.

The advantage of this method of forestation: 1. prolonged the planting season, as afforesting the Hubei 10-3 month.2. not limited by the strictness of soil moisture content and weather when afforesting, generally need not burn normal root water.3. planting technique is simple, does not have plant deeply, relax root, urgent problem, does not generally have shoot root protection problem, can not sort out handstone in the cave, grasps and promotes for the masses easily.4. improve the work efficiency of planting, alleviated the labour intensity of planting, but lifting fortune seedling is taken a lot of work, big, the comprehensive meter of labour intensity improves work efficiency 20% approximately, reduce cost 30%, influence survives and whether complete the subjective and objective restraining factors of growing be reduced to etc. last ten of soil block from the items up to a hundred of bare-rooted planting, the restriction degree also alleviates greatly, so the afforestation quality is high and stable.6. survival rate is more than 95%, amount of growth than bareroot seedling and container height of seedling 0.8-1.0 doubly, regularity and growth potential also significantly improve.7. seedling quality is required lowlyer, also do not influence as 3 grades of seedlings and to survive, and amount of growth surpasses 1 grade of seedling of bare-rooted planting.8. being convenient to conifer clump shape grows seedlings and bunch planting.9. on meticulous whole ground, under the prerequisite that vegetation does not hide, survive and grow guaranteedly, do not rely on weeding and loosen the soil, can alleviate tending [after young plantation pressure.10. be convenient to organization and administration.

Embodiment 1, adopts method of the present invention to carry out ten thousand mu of afforestation checkings, works very well at the county magistrate Shou Zhen of Zhongxiang City, Hubei.This town belongs to low mountains and hills area, and afforestation loseed woods every year in the past, and 1988 and nineteen ninety do not foster after planting autumn and winter afforestation gaozhou,guangdong masson pine and 1.1 ten thousand mu in wet-land pine tree, and survival rate is survival rate 98% more than 96.8%, 1 thousand mu.Amount of growth than bareroot seedling and the big 0.8-1.0 of container seedling doubly.The same bareroot seedling of seedling cost has only 1/5～1/3 of container seedling.Different after-culture gravity treatments.Growing seedlings and grow seedlings near planting site for disperseing in the grow seedlings base of correcting one's mistakes, grew seedlings 40 mu in 1989, and nineteen ninety is grown seedlings 32 mu, is the family of newly growing seedlings mostly, and 2 forestry technology personnel coach, masson pine per mu yield 8-10 ten thousand soil blocks, wet-land pine tree per mu yield 70,000 soil blocks.The every soil block valency of masson pine 1.5 minutes, mu is planted 167 strains.Fixed 370 people, nineteen ninety in 1989 and fix 1000 people and afforest specially, after winter sowing finishes, went into operation November 18, completion in March in next year, the afforestation labour is not selected, and survival rate does not have difference, proves that fully the stripping and slicing band makes the woods technology with local methods and be simple and easy to grasp.

Embodiment makes 300 mu of Gaozhou county pines year January in December, 2,1986 to 1987 in Yang Zi town, Zhongxiang City county, 200 mu in wet-land pine tree is with digging nest with planting, survival rate 95%, the inventor instructs 3 days, and the masses learned technology in the 1st day, entered ordinary production on the 3rd day, and do not have the technical staff on the scene later on, lead by village group cadre.

Embodiment in December, 3,1988, the inventor spends 1 day time to give town's forestry station 2 head of a station with transfer of technology in phosphorus ore town, Zhongxiang City county, instruct the Liu Chong village to afforest more than 400 mu, survival rate 98% by 2 of them later on.

Embodiment 4, and what more than 100 peasant in village of Hubei Suizhou City He Dian town three planted Song Shanjun with stripping and slicing band soil and obtained high survival rate November nineteen ninety.The seedling raising and transplanting that this method is used for crops such as cotton, corn, melon dish that has.

Claims (4)

1, a kind of tree-planting method sapling with earth block, it comprises

A, grow seedlings, no stone seedling field through ploughing harrow, apply fertilizer, pour water after, will press slotting kind of designing of seeding row spacing precision with inhaling the seed that no poisoning organophosphorous pesticide handled in the severe toxicity.

Irritate saturating seedbed before b, the lifting, lifting, with lifting cutter or spade band soil lifting,

C, plant, open the cave at planting site, put seedling, earth backing,

It is characterized in that growing seedlings and in distance planting site 1.5 kilolitre rice scopes, select field, shallow plowing, fertilizer to execute in 10 cm layer of soil, lifting treats that soil moisture is to plasticity is arranged, be not stained with the lifting instrument, indeformable lifting when not broken of soil block, lifting is cut the shoot root Zhou Tucheng cube soil block that is of moderate size, seedling is put in the cave at soil block loam cake 3 cm thick soil, does not beat and steps on.

2, method of forestation according to claim 1 is characterized in that the cube soil block of shoot root band, and masson pine and torch pine are 6 * 6 * 10 centimetres, and China fir is 7 * 7 * 10 or 8 * 8 * 10 centimetres.

3, the lifting cutter that is used for the described method of forestation of claim 1 is characterized in that long 25 centimetres of preceding two sides opening down, and is wide with the wide cutter of soil block.

4, the lifting spade that is used for the described method of forestation of claim 1 is characterized in that the long 25-30 of bottom surface opening centimetre, and is wide with the wide spade of soil block.