CN101885539B - 一种兼氧膜生物反应器工艺 - Google Patents

一种兼氧膜生物反应器工艺 Download PDF

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CN101885539B
CN101885539B CN2009101153520A CN200910115352A CN101885539B CN 101885539 B CN101885539 B CN 101885539B CN 2009101153520 A CN2009101153520 A CN 2009101153520A CN 200910115352 A CN200910115352 A CN 200910115352A CN 101885539 B CN101885539 B CN 101885539B
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aerobic
facultative
membrane bioreactor
membrane
bioreactor process
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CN101885539A (zh
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廖志民
熊建中
杨圣云
周佳琳
蒋幸福
何凌云
何其虎
居德金
万爱国
袁志华
曹解军
陶琨
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Jiangxi JDL Environmental Protection Ltd
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Jiangxi JDL Environmental Protection Research Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/30—Aerobic and anaerobic processes
    • C02F3/301—Aerobic and anaerobic treatment in the same reactor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/006—Regulation methods for biological treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
    • C02F3/12—Activated sludge processes
    • C02F3/1236—Particular type of activated sludge installations
    • C02F3/1268—Membrane bioreactor systems
    • C02F3/1273—Submerged membrane bioreactors
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/30—Aerobic and anaerobic processes
    • C02F3/308—Biological phosphorus removal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
    • C02F2303/20—Prevention of biofouling
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage

Abstract

一种兼氧膜生物反应器工艺，包括将曝气强度集中分布于膜组件下方，保持对膜的冲刷效果，使得膜区中下部形成局部好氧环境，通过控制曝气量，使得系统除膜组件中下部以外的区域形成兼氧或厌氧环境，使得系统中兼性微生物逐渐处于优势地位，形成以兼性菌为主，好氧菌与兼性菌共存的菌相形态。本发明所涉及的膜生物反应器生化区形成了好氧-兼氧交替分布形态，可完成微生物好氧硝化、吸磷以及厌氧释磷与反硝化生化反应，相比单一好氧膜生物反应器工艺，对总氮的去除率大于70％，对总磷的去除率大于60％，运行能耗仅为0.25～0.5Kw·h/m3，较常规好氧膜生物反应器工艺降低50％以上能耗。

Description

一种兼氧膜生物反应器工艺
技术领域
本发明涉及一种膜生物反应器工艺，尤其是涉及一种以兼性菌为优势菌种的兼氧膜生物反应器工艺。
背景技术
膜生物反应器工艺是近来发展较迅速的一种污水污水处理工艺，它主要是通过将膜分离技术和生物反应技术有机结合，大大提高了系统固液分离效果，从而使系统出水水质和容积负荷都得到大幅度提高，其工艺形式主要有一体式膜生物反应器及分置式膜生物反应器等多种类型。
目前，上述膜生物反应器工艺类型均为单一好氧膜生物反应器，完全好氧膜生物反应器工艺在实际工程应用中主要存在以下缺点：一、运行能耗高，现有好氧膜生物反应器为维持膜的冲刷效果和为好氧微生物降解污染物提供充足的氧气，需要配置大功率的鼓风机对系统进行供氧。二、污泥产率系数高，剩余污泥处理难度大，完全耗氧膜生物反应器系统中以好氧微生物为主要优势菌种，好氧微生物具有降解速率快等优点，但其繁殖世代周期远大于兼性或厌氧菌，因此，好氧活性污泥工艺的剩余污泥产量远大于兼性或厌氧生化处理工艺。三、脱氮除磷效果不佳，在好氧条件下，微生物只能实现对污水中氨氮硝化，转化为硝酸盐氮，同时完成磷的吸收但不能释放，需要进一步在兼氧或厌氧条件下进行反硝化脱氮及对磷的释放，上述生化反应过程要求污水处理工艺提供好氧-兼氧的生化反应环境，而完全好氧膜生物反应器工艺无法实现，导致对污水脱氮除磷效果不佳。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种以兼性微生物为主要优势菌种的兼氧膜生物反应器工艺，克服现有好氧膜生物反应器工艺存在的不足。
本发明通过以下工艺步骤实现：
将曝气强度集中分布于膜组件下方，保持对膜的冲刷效果，使得膜区中下部形成局部好氧环境，为有机物的好氧快速分解、微生物好氧硝化与好氧吸磷提高生化反应条件；通过控制曝气量，使得系统除膜组件中下部以外的区域形成兼氧或厌氧环境，溶解氧浓度低于1.0mg/L；通过维持系统大部分区域处于溶解氧浓度小于1.0mg/L状态，使得系统中兼性微生物逐渐处于优势地位，形成以兼性菌为主，好氧菌与兼性菌共存的菌相形态。
本发明所述的曝气可以采用鼓风机穿孔管曝气方式或射流曝气方式，其中曝气强度集中分布于膜组件下部，形成局部好氧区域，保持对膜的冲刷效果，实现微生物好氧硝化及吸磷，实现在好氧条件下对有机物的快速降解。
本发明所述的膜区组件中下部为好氧区，溶解氧保持在2～4mg/L，其余区域溶解氧均维持在1.0mg/L以下，保持兼氧状态。
本发明所述的兼氧膜生物反应器工艺以兼性微生物为优势菌种，兼性菌种的比例大于60％，形成兼性菌与好氧菌共存的复合型菌相形态。
本发明所述的兼氧膜生物反应器工艺生化区形成了好氧-兼氧交替分布形态，可完成微生物好氧硝化、吸磷以及厌氧释磷与反硝化生化反应，克服好氧膜生物反应器工艺生化系统污泥产量大，脱氮除磷效果差的缺陷，实现兼性菌种的优势生长。相比单一好氧膜生物反应器工艺，对总氮的去除率大于70％，对总磷的去除率大于60％。以兼性菌为优势菌种，降低了系统生化需氧量，运行能耗仅为0.25～0.5Kw·h/m3。本发明维持系统污泥浓度在15000～25000mg/L，可稳定保持出水水质优于《城市污水再生利用城市杂用水水质》GB/T18920-2002标准。
具体实施方式
本发明通过以下工艺步骤实现：将曝气强度集中分布于膜组件下方，保持对膜的冲刷效果，使得膜区中下部形成局部好氧环境，溶解氧浓度为2～4mg/L，为有机物的好氧快速分解、微生物好氧硝化与好氧吸磷提高生化反应条件；通过控制鼓风曝气或射流曝气的曝气量，使得系统除膜组件中下部以外的区域溶解氧浓度低于1.0mg/L，形成兼氧或厌氧环境；使兼性厌氧菌比例为70％，好氧菌比例为10％，其它菌属比例为20％，通过维持系统大部分区域处于低溶解氧状态，溶解氧浓度小于1.0mg/L，使得系统中兼性微生物处于优势地位，形成以兼性菌为主，好氧菌与兼性菌共存的菌相形态。
本发明所涉及的膜生物反应器生化区形成了好氧-兼氧交替分布形态，可完成微生物好氧硝化、吸磷以及厌氧释磷与反硝化生化反应，相比单一好氧膜生物反应器工艺，对总氮的去除率大于70％，对总磷的去除率大于60％，运行能耗仅为0.25～0.5Kw·h/m3，较常规好氧膜生物反应器工艺降低50％以上能耗。

Claims (1)

1.一种兼氧膜生物反应器工艺，包括以下工艺步骤：将曝气强度集中分布于膜组件下方，保持对膜的冲刷效果，使得膜区中下部形成局部好氧环境，通过控制曝气量，使得系统除膜组件中下部以外的区域形成兼氧或厌氧环境，使得系统中兼性微生物逐渐处于优势地位，形成以兼性菌为主，好氧菌与兼性菌共存的菌相形态，兼氧膜生物反应器工艺膜区组件中下部为好氧区，溶解氧保持在2mg/L，其余区域溶解氧均维持在1.0mg/L以下，保持兼氧状态，以兼性微生物为优势菌种，兼性菌种的比例大于60％，形成兼性菌与好氧菌共存的复合型菌相形态，曝气采用鼓风机穿孔管曝气方式或射流曝气方式。
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JP2009218154A JP5864831B2 (ja) 2009-05-15 2009-09-18 通性生物適応膜バイオリアクター形成の方法
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CN101885539A (zh) 2010-11-17

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