CN101876924B - Database fault automatic detection and transfer method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a database fault automatic detection and transfer method which is configured with a client (100), a cache memorizer (200), an MDHA module (210), a management terminal (500) and a plurality of database server groups (300 and 400), and comprises the main steps that each database server group is divided into a master server (300) and a slave server (400); the MDHA module (210) is arranged between the client (100) and a database and is used for detecting the database; when the client connection is started, a detection thread is set up; when in running, the client (100) can be used for detecting the master server (300) through the MDHA module (210); when the master server (300) is detected to be abnormal, the MDHA module (210) leads the access of the client to be automatically switched into the slave server; and when the master server is recovered, intermediate leads the access of the client to be switched into the master server. The method can be applied into a small and medium size data base management systems adopting a My SQL system, can guarantee the continuity of the service operation of a network server, and improves the reliability.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of database access technology, relate in particular to a kind of database failure and automatically detect and transfer method, can be applicable to database service is had the method for operating of the system of high-availability requirement.
Background technology
MySQL is a small-sized Relational DBMS, and the developer is Sweden MySQL AB company.Purchased by Sun Microsystems on January 16th, 2008.At present MySQL is widely used in the middle-size and small-size website on the Internet.Because its volume is little, speed is fast, the total cost of ownership is low, these characteristics of open source code especially, many middle-size and small-size websites have selected MySQL as site databases in order to reduce the website total cost of ownership.
The most widely used free database open source software MySQL of internet industry provides a kind of small-sized correlation data base management system (DBMS).At present MySQL is widely used in the middle-size and small-size website on the Internet.Because its volume is little, speed is fast, the total cost of ownership is low, these characteristics of open source code especially, many middle-size and small-size websites have selected MySQL as site databases in order to reduce the website total cost of ownership.Because these characteristics of MySQL can be applicable to various medium and small databases very easily, and the supvr can pass through Web interface management database, is particularly useful for remittance and the remittance abroad of mass data.And it is applicable to the webpage servomechanism well, can be easily at any one local telemanagement database of realizing.
Yet the foundation along with remote data base, its safe and stable problem is just following, namely how to guarantee as much as possible the operation that remote data base is continual and steady, and when network connection fault or database failure occur, the function that how to guarantee system can find application, and becomes the problem that people are concerned about.
There is an effective solution to be known as dual computer group (HA) system, dual computer group (HA) system is a kind of server cluster system solution of high reliability, a standby server namely is provided, when master server breaks down when can't use, process is transferred on the standby server, so that the server downtime is shortened as far as possible.Avoid the user is produced too much loss.
But in the toy data base management system that MySQL provides, a little less than the design relative thin for the HA link, often stop using owing to Single Point of Faliure causes whole database server, cause service disruption.Report according to the issue of U.S. parallel computing company points out that planned and unexpected database is shut down the revenue losses that causes and per hour is generally $ 78,000.
Therefore, in the small and medium databases management system of using MySQL, provide data, services with how guaranteeing steady and continuous, become a problem in the urgent need to address.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is for better in the toy data base management system, solve stable continue data, services is provided, and ensure connect accurately and validity.
The database failure that provides of the present invention detects and transfer method automatically, and the scheme of taking is as follows:
The invention provides a kind of database failure and automatically detect and transfer method, dispose client (100), buffer memory (200), MDHA module (210), management end (500) and a plurality of database servers group (300,400), wherein:
Be master server (300) and from server (400) with the server component;
The MDHA module (210) that is provided with between client (100) and the database, is set up and is detected thread when the connection of client starts for detection of database;
When operation, client (100) detects master server (300) by MDHA module (210);
When detecting master server (300) when unusual, MDHA module (210) automatically switches to the access of client from server;
After master server recovered, middle access with client switched to master server.
Above-mentioned database failure automatically detects and transfer method, wherein, is provided with database server parallel more than three in each server group, comprising a master server and many from server.
Above-mentioned database failure detects and transfer method automatically, and wherein, the master server in the described same server group is with synchronous by MySQL system synchronization module realization data from server.
Above-mentioned database failure automatically detects and transfer method, wherein, after described master server fault, switch by substituting master server work from server, and former master server switches to from server, and it is synchronous to carry out data with new server master slave relation again.
Above-mentioned database failure detects and transfer method automatically, wherein, when the master server abnormal state, and detects from server also abnormal state, then sends the disabled notice of server to client.
Above-mentioned database failure automatically detects and transfer method, and wherein, after client sent the disabled notice of server, the MDHA module continued to detect that to search in this server group other available from server.
Above-mentioned database failure automatically detects and transfer method, and wherein, the distribution of MDHA module is by the HASH policy calculation, and server address is confirmed and pointed to.
Above-mentioned database failure detects and transfer method automatically, wherein, described HASH strategy is the MD5 algorithm, transmit a user name as request by client, the MDHA module calculates the MD5 value of this user name of client transmission subsequently, according to current database configuration, carries out segmentation or delivery by the MD5 value, thereby find the database server of depositing corresponding data, make client be connected to correct server.
Above-mentioned database failure detects and transfer method automatically, and wherein, the MDHA module detects in real time to database server, and its frequency is that per second detects a server state.
Above-mentioned database failure detects and transfer method automatically, wherein, also comprises the steps:
Step 1: client (100) and caching server (200) UNICOM, invokes thread reads while write caching server (200) according to the HASH strategy immediately;
Step 2: upgraded the thread of caching server, simultaneously the relevant updates content has been write journal file;
Step 3: open same 1 pair 1 thread simultaneously according to journal file asynchronism and concurrency new database more.
Step 4: the log file update is to the situation of database;
Step 5:MDHA detection module, the running status of detection master server (300);
Step 6: when master server (300) but the time spent, then all read-write threads all point to master server, by caching server and client realization reading and writing data; If detect master server (300) when unavailable, suspend immediately the read-write requests of oriented master server;
Step 7: detect the situation from server (400);
Step 8: the change by MDHA is pointed to, and the whole read requests of connection of the client (100) after master server (300) is unusual all are directed to from server;
Step 9: the data base administrator locates by the MDHA module returning to form of database master server (300) to be judged at data base administration end (500);
Step 10; Exchange by the address with former master server (300) from server (400), become new master server, open simultaneously and write database thread;
Step 11: recover when data base administration end (500) detects master server (300) by MDHA, then open and recover the database thread of writing to master server, and again all read-write requests are pointed to master server again, continue by buffer memory (200) master server (500) to be carried out database and read and write.
Database failure of the present invention detects and transfer method automatically, can be applied to adopt the small and medium databases management system of MySQL system, can ensure the continuity of webserver service operation, improves reliability.
In addition, MDHA is with respect to other HA software, can detect the various abnormality of MySQL, comprise global lock, a series of database down states such as read-only, and can switch moment, and rear the administrative mechanism of MDHA, for state is cut control, the active and standby switching of server, the Web operation sublimity that manual operation is provided convenience.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the module diagram of the automatic detection of database failure of the present invention and transfer system.
Fig. 2 is the process flow diagram of the automatic detection of database failure of the present invention and transfer method;
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, the synoptic diagram that respectively forms module for the automatic detection of database failure of the present invention and transfer system, it comprises, user side 100, buffer memory (Cache) server 200, database master (Master) server 300, database is from (Slave) server 400, and management end 500.Database server of the present invention adopts two redundancy structures of Master/Slave, and the Slave server is also configurable many simultaneously, and the data between the database are implemented synchronously strict, and are consistent with the data of guaranteeing Master server and Slave server.In addition, caching server 200 of the present invention directly is connected with a plurality of independently user sides 100 by the internet, and carries out data transmission; The related data of user side is all by caching server 200 subsequently, and data are synchronous with carrying out between the database server (300,400), comprises reading and writing, upgrades operation.Simultaneously, has MDHA (based on the HA system that is applied to the MySQL distributed database of MD algorithm) module 210 in the caching server 200, described MDHA module 210 inside comprise the MDHA access interface of customization, client 500 can be carried out transparent access to database server by this access interface, and carry out alternately with database server, the MDHA interface for client is distributed corresponding server, can have access to correct database server to guarantee client according to the strategy of setting.This MDHA inside modules also comprises a fault detection module, in order to Test database server (300,400), per second can carry out one-time detection to database server, if find that current database can't use, can learn immediately and upgrade the current database work state information.MDHA module 210 is connected with management end 500, and can manage by management end 500, as carries out parameter setting, manual operation, modification etc.In addition, this MDHA inside modules also comprises an administration module, externally provides a udp port for monitoring.Any inquiry of 500 couples of MDHA of management end, the management such as modification can be undertaken by this udp port.
In addition, described management end 500 can be by record and the journal file that calls the MDHA module, the state of Query Database server.Simultaneously, the various recorded informations of MDHA be connected with management end 500 by a web port, and management end also can manage MDHA by this web port.
The present invention also provides a kind of database failure automatically to detect and transfer method, is used for guaranteeing that client can have access to correct database server.In the client terminal start-up process, the MDHA module all records a Status Flag to the master server of database with from server, init state is " ok " or " normally ", when detecting any abnormality subsequently, then corresponding abnormality is illustrated in the server state sign, such as " authority is unusual ", " database lock ", " the network response slowly ", " network disconnection " etc.In each request of client, a user name (by the client input) is transmitted in the capital, caching server 200 receives this username information, pass through again the calculating of MDHA module, obtain the MD5 value of this user name, according to the configuration of current database, find corresponding database servers group, database servers group comprises that at least one master (Master) server 300 and at least one are from (Slave) server 400.The calculative strategy of MDHA module is the HASH calculative strategy, especially preferably adopts the MD5 algorithm, according to two kinds of strategies of the segmentation of MD5 value and delivery, indicates respectively herein.When the primary server database normal operation, the MDHA module is routed to master server with the request of client; When the master server operation exception, Update Table storehouse respective flag (such as the IP address) at once; And to detecting from server, if normal from server, then the request of access with client is routed to the server from (Slave).And simultaneously master (Master) server is continued to detect, in case main (Master) server working properly after, by the interface of MDHA module, the Master server is switched back in the access of client.
It is transfer method that database failure of the present invention detects automatically, comprises the steps:
A) with the server component be main (Master) server and from (Slave) server;
B) be provided with the intermediate module with measuring ability between client and the database, such as the MDHA module, for detection of database, when the connection of client starts, set up and detect thread;
C) when operation, client detects master server by intermediate module;
D) when detecting master server when unusual, intermediate module automatically switches to the access of client from server;
E) after master server recovers, middle access with client switches to master server.
Database of the present invention need keep strict synchronously, namely lead (Master) server and should be consistent as far as possible from the interior storage information of (Slave) server database.Generally, when all normally moving when master server with from server, realize that by the synchronization module of MySQL system data are synchronous.Behind the master server abnormal state, be routed to from server by the access of MDHA module with database, after master server recovers, with be switched substitute master server from server as new master server, original master server is then as from server, both are all after the normal operation, and it is synchronous again to carry out data.Simultaneously, this kind master server and reversible from servers switch namely when new master server breaks down, also can switch back it from server, and will become master server from Server switching.The master server of this Dual Computers Cluster System and should be approaching as far as possible from the performance configuration of server, unstable with the Internet Transmission avoiding causing owing to master and slave Server switching.
As shown in Figure 2, the process flow diagram for the automatic detection of the preferred database failure of the present invention and transfer method wherein, specifically comprises following these steps:
Step 1: client 100 and caching server 200 UNICOMs, invokes thread reads while write buffer memory (Cache) server 200 according to HASH strategy (hashing algorithm) immediately.Wherein, the general MD5 algorithm of the preferred employing of HASH strategy of the present invention, concrete, client transmits a user name as request, the MDHA module then calculates the MD5 value of this user name of client transmission, according to current database configuration, carries out segmentation or delivery by the MD5 value, thereby find the database server of depositing corresponding data, make client be connected to correct server.
Step 2: upgraded the thread of caching server, simultaneously the relevant updates content has been write journal file (LOG).
Step 3: open same 1 pair 1 thread simultaneously according to journal file (LOG) asynchronism and concurrency new database (DB) more.
Step 4: log file (LOG) is updated to the situation of database (DB), as: be recorded in another journal file or the server.
Step 5:MDHA detection module, to the running status of master (Master) server 300, per second carries out one-time detection, to detect the various abnormality of server.Abnormality generally has two kinds, and a kind of MySQL of being can provide the unusual of response, and can identify this moment according to the return code that MySQL provides, to judge concrete abnormal conditions.Unusual or database table can be identified by the response of abnormal conditions such as locking such as the current database authority.In the another kind of situation, MySQL does not provide response, and whether whether this kind unusual condition by a normal timeout value that sets in advance, surpasses this timeout value according to the response time of detecting a request signal, unusual to learn server.The MySQL process withdraws from as working as, current network is blocked up, and in the situation that low-response or network disconnect, by comparing new response time and an acceptable timeout value of asking that sends, draws the unusual result of network state.
Step 6: as master (Master) but 300 times spent of server, then all read-write threads all point to master server, by caching server and client realization reading and writing data.It is unusual no matter which kind of occurs, once detect main (Master) server 300 unavailable after, suspend immediately the read-write requests of oriented master server, and these requests are retained in the buffer memory.
Step 7: detect the situation from (Slave) server 400, if from (Slave) server in order, then by two-shipper (HA) group system, all write into Databasce request failures of mark, all write former database server, and (for example: thread master server 300) all stops, and the MDHA module will be pointed to from server 400 from all read requests that client is received simultaneously.If also unusual from server state, then by buffer memory (Cache) server, the disabled information of server is sent to client 100.
Step 8: the change by MDHA is pointed to, and the whole read requests of connection of the clients after master server 300 is unusual all are directed to from server, thus latter linked new user, the client 100 by separately is all by from server continuation reading out data.And before the master server abnormal state, the old user who has been connected with master server 300, by its client 100, by from master server 300, calling in the user data in buffer memory (Cache) storer 200, continue the thread of reading of realization and these clients.
Step 9; The data base administrator judges returning to form of database master (Master) server 300 by the MDHA module at data base administration end 500 places, if the data base administrator of management end 500 judges that master server needs can to recover for a long time or is unavailable, then directly change master server 300 by management end 500 and from the IP address of server 400, be that both point to the address, exchange heavy duty configuration (Reload conf.).
Step 10: exchange by the address with former master (Master) server 300 from (Slave) server 400, become new " master " (Master) server, open simultaneously and write database thread, by client 100 write request is imported (former in server) in the new master server.
Step 11: recovered when data base administration end 500 detects master server 300 by MDHA, then open and recover the database thread of writing to master server, and again all read-write requests are pointed to master server again, continue to carry out database by 200 pairs of master servers of buffer memory 500 and read and write.
Claims (9)
1. a database failure detects and transfer method automatically, disposes client (100), buffer memory (200), and MDHA module (210), management end (500) and a plurality of database servers group (300,400) is characterized in that:
Be master server (300) and from server (400) with the server component;
The MDHA module (210) that is provided with between client (100) and the database, is set up and is detected thread when the connection of client starts for detection of database;
When operation, client (100) detects master server (300) by MDHA module (210);
When detecting master server (300) when unusual, MDHA module (210) automatically switches to the access of client from server;
After master server recovered, middle access with client switched to master server;
Wherein, also comprise: step 1: client (100) and caching server (200) UNICOM, invokes thread reads while write caching server (200) according to the HASH strategy immediately;
Step 2: upgraded the thread of caching server, simultaneously the relevant updates content has been write journal file;
Step 3: open same 1 pair 1 thread simultaneously according to journal file asynchronism and concurrency new database more;
Step 4: the log file update is to the situation of database;
Step 5:MDHA module detects the running status of master server (300);
Step 6: when master server (300) but the time spent, then all read-write threads all point to master server, by caching server and client realization reading and writing data; If detect master server (300) when unavailable, suspend immediately the read-write requests of oriented master server;
Step 7: detect the situation from server (400);
Step 8: the change by the MDHA module is pointed to, and the whole read requests of connection of the client (100) after master server (300) is unusual all are directed to from server;
Step 9: the data base administrator locates by the MDHA module returning to form of database master server (300) to be judged at data base administration end (500);
Step 10: exchange by the address with former master server (300) from server (400), become new master server, open simultaneously and write database thread;
Step 11: recover when data base administration end (500) detects master server (300) by the MDHA module, then open and recover the database thread of writing to master server, and again all read-write requests are pointed to master server again, continue by buffer memory (200) master server (500) to be carried out database and read and write;
Wherein, described MDHA module is the HA system that is applied to the MySQL distributed database based on the MD algorithm.
2. database failure as claimed in claim 1 automatically detects and transfer method, it is characterized in that, is provided with database server parallel more than three in each server group, comprising a master server and many from server.
3. database failure as claimed in claim 2 detects and transfer method automatically, it is characterized in that, the master server in the described same server group is with synchronous by MySQL system synchronization module realization data from server.
4. database failure as claimed in claim 3 detects and transfer method automatically, it is characterized in that, after described master server fault, switch by substituting master server work from server, and former master server switches to from server, and it is synchronous to carry out data with new server master slave relation again.
5. automatically detect and transfer method such as the described database failure of any one in the claim 1 to 4, it is characterized in that, when the master server abnormal state, and detect from server also abnormal state, then send the disabled notice of server to client.
6. database failure as claimed in claim 5 automatically detects and transfer method, it is characterized in that, after client sent the disabled notice of server, the MDHA module continued to detect that to search in this server group other available from server.
7. database failure as claimed in claim 3 automatically detects and transfer method, it is characterized in that, the distribution of MDHA module is by the HASH policy calculation, and server address is confirmed and pointed to.
8. database failure as claimed in claim 7 detects and transfer method automatically, it is characterized in that, described HASH strategy is the MD5 algorithm, transmit a user name as request by client, the MDHA module calculates the MD5 value of this user name of client transmission subsequently, according to current database configuration, carries out segmentation or delivery by the MD5 value, thereby find the database server of depositing corresponding data, make client be connected to correct server.
9. database failure as claimed in claim 1 detects and transfer method automatically, it is characterized in that the MDHA module detects in real time to database server, and its frequency is that per second detects a server state.
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