CN101851562B - 一种餐饮废油制备生物柴油的技术 - Google Patents
一种餐饮废油制备生物柴油的技术 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101851562B CN101851562B CN2010102167843A CN201010216784A CN101851562B CN 101851562 B CN101851562 B CN 101851562B CN 2010102167843 A CN2010102167843 A CN 2010102167843A CN 201010216784 A CN201010216784 A CN 201010216784A CN 101851562 B CN101851562 B CN 101851562B
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 title description 7
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
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- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium chloride Chemical class data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 data:image/svg+xml;base64,PD94bWwgdmVyc2lvbj0nMS4wJyBlbmNvZGluZz0naXNvLTg4NTktMSc/Pgo8c3ZnIHZlcnNpb249JzEuMScgYmFzZVByb2ZpbGU9J2Z1bGwnCiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgeG1sbnM9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnJwogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgeG1sbnM6cmRraXQ9J2h0dHA6Ly93d3cucmRraXQub3JnL3htbCcKICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIHhtbG5zOnhsaW5rPSdodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8xOTk5L3hsaW5rJwogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICB4bWw6c3BhY2U9J3ByZXNlcnZlJwp3aWR0aD0nODVweCcgaGVpZ2h0PSc4NXB4JyB2aWV3Qm94PScwIDAgODUgODUnPgo8IS0tIEVORCBPRiBIRUFERVIgLS0+CjxyZWN0IHN0eWxlPSdvcGFjaXR5OjEuMDtmaWxsOiNGRkZGRkY7c3Ryb2tlOm5vbmUnIHdpZHRoPSc4NS4wJyBoZWlnaHQ9Jzg1LjAnIHg9JzAuMCcgeT0nMC4wJz4gPC9yZWN0Pgo8dGV4dCB4PScxNS43JyB5PSc1My42JyBjbGFzcz0nYXRvbS0wJyBzdHlsZT0nZm9udC1zaXplOjIzcHg7Zm9udC1zdHlsZTpub3JtYWw7Zm9udC13ZWlnaHQ6bm9ybWFsO2ZpbGwtb3BhY2l0eToxO3N0cm9rZTpub25lO2ZvbnQtZmFtaWx5OnNhbnMtc2VyaWY7dGV4dC1hbmNob3I6c3RhcnQ7ZmlsbDojM0I0MTQzJyA+TjwvdGV4dD4KPHRleHQgeD0nMzEuNycgeT0nNTMuNicgY2xhc3M9J2F0b20tMCcgc3R5bGU9J2ZvbnQtc2l6ZToyM3B4O2ZvbnQtc3R5bGU6bm9ybWFsO2ZvbnQtd2VpZ2h0Om5vcm1hbDtmaWxsLW9wYWNpdHk6MTtzdHJva2U6bm9uZTtmb250LWZhbWlseTpzYW5zLXNlcmlmO3RleHQtYW5jaG9yOnN0YXJ0O2ZpbGw6IzNCNDE0MycgPmE8L3RleHQ+Cjx0ZXh0IHg9JzQ0LjAnIHk9JzQ0LjMnIGNsYXNzPSdhdG9tLTAnIHN0eWxlPSdmb250LXNpemU6MTVweDtmb250LXN0eWxlOm5vcm1hbDtmb250LXdlaWdodDpub3JtYWw7ZmlsbC1vcGFjaXR5OjE7c3Ryb2tlOm5vbmU7Zm9udC1mYW1pbHk6c2Fucy1zZXJpZjt0ZXh0LWFuY2hvcjpzdGFydDtmaWxsOiMzQjQxNDMnID4rPC90ZXh0Pgo8dGV4dCB4PSc0My4yJyB5PSc1My42JyBjbGFzcz0nYXRvbS0xJyBzdHlsZT0nZm9udC1zaXplOjIzcHg7Zm9udC1zdHlsZTpub3JtYWw7Zm9udC13ZWlnaHQ6bm9ybWFsO2ZpbGwtb3BhY2l0eToxO3N0cm9rZTpub25lO2ZvbnQtZmFtaWx5OnNhbnMtc2VyaWY7dGV4dC1hbmNob3I6c3RhcnQ7ZmlsbDojNUJCNzcyJyA+QzwvdGV4dD4KPHRleHQgeD0nNTkuMicgeT0nNTMuNicgY2xhc3M9J2F0b20tMScgc3R5bGU9J2ZvbnQtc2l6ZToyM3B4O2ZvbnQtc3R5bGU6bm9ybWFsO2ZvbnQtd2VpZ2h0Om5vcm1hbDtmaWxsLW9wYWNpdHk6MTtzdHJva2U6bm9uZTtmb250LWZhbWlseTpzYW5zLXNlcmlmO3RleHQtYW5jaG9yOnN0YXJ0O2ZpbGw6IzVCQjc3MicgPmw8L3RleHQ+Cjx0ZXh0IHg9JzY0LjEnIHk9JzQ0LjMnIGNsYXNzPSdhdG9tLTEnIHN0eWxlPSdmb250LXNpemU6MTVweDtmb250LXN0eWxlOm5vcm1hbDtmb250LXdlaWdodDpub3JtYWw7ZmlsbC1vcGFjaXR5OjE7c3Ryb2tlOm5vbmU7Zm9udC1mYW1pbHk6c2Fucy1zZXJpZjt0ZXh0LWFuY2hvcjpzdGFydDtmaWxsOiM1QkI3NzInID4tPC90ZXh0Pgo8L3N2Zz4K [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanol Chemical compound data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycerine Chemical compound 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[Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur Chemical compound 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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
Abstract
本发明实施例公开了一种生物柴油的制造方法，其特征在于，包括步骤：经滤油机过滤餐饮废油后加热除水；在催化剂碱性离子液体的存在下，将预处理过的餐饮废油和甲醇或乙醇进行酯化反应；蒸馏回收反应剩余的甲醇；分离出反应下层液中的碱性离子液体催化剂和甘油相得到粗酯；在饱和氯化钠溶液水洗粗酯后用热水洗至中性，最后加热搅拌除水，得成品生物柴油；所述碱性离子液体催化剂的分子式为：
Description
一种餐饮废油制备生物柴油的技术
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及 生物柴油的制造领域，更具体地说，涉及用餐饮废油制造生物柴油的技术。
背景技术
[0002]目前，石油市场的紧张局面对生物柴油的开发提出了现实需求，从国内外生物柴油发展状况看，由于近两年来世界范围内的农产品价格上涨，导致以植物油为原料的生物柴油成本上升，从经济角度看，以生物柴油完全取代石油柴油在短期内是不可行的，而以餐饮废油和酸化油等下脚料作原料却是可行的。将餐饮废油转化为生物柴油，既避免了直接由植物油生产生物柴油造成与民争油的问题，还可以消除这类废弃物对生态环境的污染，更能消除潲水油和潲水猪对市民健康的直接危害。
[0003] 酸碱催化酯交换法是目前国内外生物柴油生产所采用的主要技术，且这些技术主要是针对特定的植物油原料开发的。酸催化甲醇用量大，反应速率慢，产生酸性废水，碱催化酯交换反应条件温和，虽然在较短的反应时间内可得到较高的转化率，但原料油游离脂肪酸和水分的含量对反应有明显影响，产生碱性废水。由于节能环保法规的日益苛刻，生物柴油生产技术正朝着污染小、排放低、能耗少、转化率高、性能好的趋势发展。因此，针对成分复杂质量差的餐饮废油，需要开发更为适用先进的生产技术。
发明内容
[0004] 有鉴于此，本发明提供一种生物柴油制造方法，该生物柴油是用餐饮废油加工而成，减少环境污染。
[0005] 为实现上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：
[0006] 一种生物柴油的制造方法，包括步骤：
[0007] 经滤油机过滤餐饮废油后加热除水；
[0008] 在催化剂碱性离子液体催化剂的存在下，将预处理过的餐饮废油和甲醇或乙醇进行酯化反应；
[0009] 蒸馏回收反应剩余的甲醇；
[0010] 分离出反应下层液中的碱性离子液体催化剂和甘油相得到粗酯；
[0011] 在饱和氯化钠溶液水洗粗酯后用热水洗至中性，最后加热搅拌除水，得成品生物柴油；
[0012] 所述碱性离子液体催化剂的分子式为：
[0013]
[0014] 优选地，在上述生物柴油的制造方法中，所述餐饮废油与甲醇的重量比例为：20餐饮废油：4-6甲醇。
[0015] 优选地，在上述生物柴油的制造方法中，所述餐饮废油中动物油的重量百分比范围为：9-48% ο
[0016] 优选地，在上述生物柴油的制造方法中，所述餐饮废油与碱性离子液体催化剂的重量比例为：250餐饮废油：2-3碱性离子液体催化剂。
[0017] 优选地，在上述生物柴油的制造方法中，所述餐饮废油与饱和氯化钠溶液的重量比例为：100餐饮废油：5-8饱和氯化钠溶液。
[0018] 优选地，在上述生物柴油的制造方法中，所述餐饮废油与饱和热水的重量比例为：50餐饮废油：3-5热水。
[0019] 优选地，在上述生物柴油的制造方法中，所述R为：RH3、CH3CH2或CH3CH2CH2。
[0020] 优选地，在上述生物柴油的制造方法中，所述饱和氯化钠溶液的温度为60°C。
[0021] 优选地，在上述生物柴油的制造方法中，所述热水的温度为60°C。
[0022] 优选地，在上述生物柴油的制造方法中，所述除水的温度为：95_105°C。
[0023] 优选地，在上述生物柴油的制造方法中，所述蒸馏的温度为：70°C。
[0024] 从上述技术方案可以看出，本发明实施例中通过如上方法，在此过程中使用的催化剂为碱性离子液体催化剂，其合成简单，成本低，无污染，绿色环保，可重复使用5〜6次，解决了传统酸碱催化剂的二次污染和腐蚀设备问题。甲醇可通过简单的蒸馏工艺进行回收利用，既避免了污染，又大大节约了生产成本，提高了生物柴油生产的经济效益。另外，由于采用本发明实施例中的方法：只需要将餐饮废油进行简单的脱水、过滤除杂处理，不需要进行皂化、酸化等工艺，减少了工序，节约了时间，避免了酸、碱废水的排放，转化率可达到75%〜85%，符合环保要求。
具体实施方式
[0025] 下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
[0026] 本发明提供一种生物柴油制造方法，该生物柴油是用餐饮废油加工而成，减少环境污染。
[0027] 包括步骤：
[0028] 经滤油机过滤餐饮废油后加热除水；
[0029] 在催化剂碱性离子液体催化剂的存在下，将预处理过的餐饮废油和甲醇进行酯化反应;
[0030] 蒸馏回收反应剩余的甲醇；
[0031] 分离出反应下层液中的碱性离子液体催化剂和甘油相得到粗酯；
[0032] 在饱和氯化钠溶液水洗粗酯后用热水洗至中性，最后加热搅拌除水，得成品生物柴油；
[0033] 所述碱性离子液体催化剂的分子式为：[0034]
[0035] 碱性离子液体催化剂的具体制造方法：所述R为：RH3、CH3CH2或CH3CH2CH2。
[0036] 在上述制造方法中，餐饮废油与甲醇的重量比例为：20餐饮废油：4-6甲醇。
[0037] 餐饮废油中动物油的重量百分比范围为：9-48%。
[0038] 餐饮废油与碱性离子液体催化剂的重量比例为：250餐饮废油：2-3碱性离子液体催化剂。
[0039] 餐饮废油与饱和氯化钠溶液的重量比例为：100餐饮废油：5-8饱和氯化钠溶液。
[0040] 餐饮废油与饱和热水的重量比例为：50餐饮废油：3-5热水。
[0041] 在上述方法中，所述经滤油机过滤餐饮废油后加热除水；具体为：对餐饮废油进行预处理，所述预处理为：将通过滤油机进行过滤，过滤主要是过滤掉固体颗粒及餐巾纸等杂质；然后将过滤后的餐饮废油转移到加热缸内除水，打开加热缸的加热阀和搅拌器，控制加热缸的出水温度在95-105°C，45分钟后关闭加热阀和搅拌器，除水完毕，冷却除水后的餐饮废油备用。所述餐饮废油中动物油的重量百分比范围为：9-48%。
[0042] 在催化剂碱性离子液体催化剂的存在下，将预处理过的餐饮废油和醇进行酯化反应；具体为：将预处理后的餐饮废油置于2L的三颈圆底烧瓶中，加入工业醇和碱性离子液体催化剂，连接醇回流装置和搅拌装置，插入温度计，打开回流冷却水、搅拌器和加热阀，升温至60°C后，恒温反应I〜2小时后，关闭加热阀和搅拌器，关闭回流冷却水。
[0043] 蒸馏回收反应剩余的醇；具体为：将反应装置该为整流装置，打开冷却水和搅拌器，加热反应液，控制蒸馏温度为70°C左右，蒸馏出反应剩余的醇，以回收利用。蒸馏完毕后将产物转移至分液漏斗中，静置，待溶液分层后放出下层碱性离子液体催化剂层，以循环使用。在分去甘油得到粗酯。
[0044] 分离出反应下层液中的碱性离子液体催化剂和甘油相得到粗酯；具体为：将粗酯用温度为60°C的饱和氯化钠溶液进行洗涤,然后用60〜70°C的热水洗涤至中性。将水洗过的粗酯导入烧杯中，搅拌，加热至95°C之间，除水，得到生物质柴油。
[0045] 从上述技术方案可以看出，本发明实施例中通过如上方法，在此过程中使用的催化剂为碱性离子液体催化剂，其合成简单，成本低，无污染，绿色环保，可重复使用5〜6次，解决了传统酸碱催化剂的二次污染和腐蚀设备问题。醇可通过简单的蒸馏工艺进行回收利用，既避免了污染，又大大节约了生产成本，提高了生物柴油生产的经济效益。另外，由于采用本发明实施例中的方法：只需要将餐饮废油进行简单的脱水、过滤除杂处理，不需要进行皂化、酸化等工艺，减少了工序，节约了时间，避免了酸、碱废水的排放，转化率可达到75%〜90%，符合环保要求。
[0046] 实施例I
[0047] 对餐饮废油进行预处理，所述预处理为：将IOOOg通过滤油机进行过滤，过滤主要是过滤掉固体颗粒及餐巾纸等杂质；然后将过滤后的餐饮废油转移到加热缸内除水，打开加热缸的加热阀和搅拌器，控制加热缸的出水温度在95°C，45分钟后关闭加热阀和搅拌器，除水完毕，冷却除水后的餐饮废油备用。
[0048] 将预处理后的餐饮废油置于2L的三颈圆底烧瓶中，加入200g浓度为98%的工业甲醇和9g的碱性离子液体催化剂，连接甲醇回流装置和搅拌装置，插入温度计，打开回流冷却水、搅拌器和加热阀，升温至60°C后，恒温反应I小时后，关闭加热阀和搅拌器，关闭回流冷却水。
[0049] 蒸馏分液：将反 应装置该为整流装置，打开冷却水和搅拌器，加热反应夜，控制蒸馏温度为70°C左右，蒸馏出反应剩余的甲醇，以回收利用。蒸馏完毕后将产物转移至分液漏斗中，静置，待溶液分层后放出下层碱性离子液体催化剂层，以循环使用。在分去甘油得到粗酯。
[0050] 将粗酯用温度为60°C的200g饱和氯化钠溶液进行洗涤,然后用60°C的300g热水洗涤至中性。
[0051] 将水洗过的粗酯导入烧杯中，搅拌，加热至95°C之间，除水，得到生物质柴油。
[0052] 分别测量生物柴油的密度、运动粘度、闪点、硫含量、倾点、硫酸盐灰分、水含量、铜片腐蚀、十六烷值和酸值，见表一。可见用该方法生产出的生物质柴油满足柴油的各项指标。
[0053] 实施例2
[0054] 对餐饮废油进行预处理，所述预处理为：将IOOOg通过滤油机进行过滤，过滤主要是过滤掉固体颗粒及餐巾纸等杂质；然后将过滤后的餐饮废油转移到加热缸内除水，打开加热缸的加热阀和搅拌器，控制加热缸的出水温度在100°C之间，45分钟后关闭加热阀和搅拌器，除水完毕，冷却除水后的餐饮废油备用。
[0055] 将预处理后的餐饮废油置于2L的三颈圆底烧瓶中，加入250g浓度为98%的工业甲醇和IOg的碱性离子液体催化剂，连接甲醇回流装置和搅拌装置，插入温度计，打开回流冷却水、搅拌器和加热阀，升温至60°C后，恒温反应I小时后，关闭加热阀和搅拌器，关闭回流冷却水。
[0056] 蒸馏分液：将反应装置该为整流装置，打开冷却水和搅拌器，加热反应夜，控制蒸馏温度为70°C左右，蒸馏出反应剩余的甲醇，以回收利用。蒸馏完毕后将产物转移至分液漏斗中，静置，待溶液分层后放出下层碱性离子液体催化剂层，以循环使用。在分去甘油得到粗酯。
[0057] 将粗酯用温度为60°C的300g饱和氯化钠溶液进行洗涤,然后用60°C的400g热水洗涤至中性。
[0058] 将水洗过的粗酯导入烧杯中，搅拌，加热至100°C之间，除水，得到生物质柴油。
[0059] 分别测量生物柴油的密度、运动粘度、闪点、硫含量、倾点、硫酸盐灰分、水含量、铜片腐蚀、十六烷值和酸值，见表一。可见用该方法生产出的生物质柴油满足柴油的各项指标。
[0060] 实施例3
[0061] 对餐饮废油进行预处理，所述预处理为：将IOOOg通过滤油机进行过滤，过滤主要是过滤掉固体颗粒及餐巾纸等杂质；然后将过滤后的餐饮废油转移到加热缸内除水，打开加热缸的加热阀和搅拌器，控制加热缸的出水温度在105°C之间，45分钟后关闭加热阀和搅拌器，除水完毕，冷却除水后的餐饮废油备用。[0062] 将预处理后的餐饮废油置于2L的三颈圆底烧瓶中，加入350g浓度为98%的工业甲醇和Ilg的碱性离子液体催化剂，连接甲醇回流装置和搅拌装置，插入温度计，打开回流冷却水、搅拌器和加热阀，升温至60°C后，恒温反应I小时后，关闭加热阀和搅拌器，关闭回流冷却水。
[0063] 蒸馏分液：将反应装置该为整流装置，打开冷却水和搅拌器，加热反应夜，控制蒸馏温度为70°C左右，蒸馏出反应剩余的甲醇，以回收利用。蒸馏完毕后将产物转移至分液漏斗中，静置，待溶液分层后放出下层碱性离子液体催化剂层，以循环使用。在分去甘油得到粗酯。
[0064] 将粗酯用温度为60°C的400g饱和氯化钠溶液进行洗涤，然后用60°C的500g热水洗涤至中性。
[0065] 将水洗过的粗酯导入烧杯中，搅拌，加热至105°C之间，除水，得到生物质柴油。
[0066] 分别测量生物柴油的密度、运动粘度、闪点、硫含量、倾点、硫酸盐灰分、水含量、铜片腐蚀、十六烷值和酸值，见表一。可见用该方法生产出的生物质柴油满足柴油的各项指标。
[0067] 表一：各实施例实验测定项目对比表
[0068]
[0069] 对所公开的实施例的上述说明，使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本发明。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的，本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下，在其它实施例中实现。因此，本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例，而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。
Claims (11)
1. 一种生物柴油的制造方法，其特征在于，包括步骤：经滤油机过滤餐饮废油后加热除水；在催化剂碱性离子液体催化剂的存在下，将预处理过的餐饮废油和甲醇或乙醇进行酯化反应；蒸馏回收反应剩余的甲醇；分离出反应下层液中的碱性离子液体催化剂和甘油相得到粗酯；在饱和氯化钠溶液水洗粗酯后用热水洗至中性，最后加热搅拌除水，得成品生物柴油；所述碱性离子液体催化剂的分子式为：
2.根据权利要求I所述的生物柴油的制造方法，其特征在于，所述餐饮废油与甲醇的重量比例为：20餐饮废油：4-6甲醇。
3.根据权利要求2所述的生物柴油的制造方法，其特征在于，所述餐饮废油中动物油的重量百分比范围为：9-48%。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的生物柴油的制造方法，其特征在于，所述餐饮废油与碱性离子液体催化剂的重量比例为：250餐饮废油：2-3碱性离子液体催化剂。
5.根据权利要求4所述的生物柴油的制造方法，其特征在于，所述餐饮废油与饱和氯化钠溶液的重量比例为：100餐饮废油：5-8饱和氯化钠溶液。
6.根据权利要求5所述的生物柴油的制造方法，其特征在于，所述餐饮废油与饱和热水的重量比例为：50餐饮废油：3-5热水。
7.根据权利要求6所述的生物柴油的制造方法，其特征在于，所述R为：CH3、CH3CH2或 CH3CH2CH20
8.根据权利要求7所述的生物柴油的制造方法，其特征在于，所述饱和氯化钠溶液的温度为60°C。
9.根据权利要求8所述的生物柴油的制造方法，其特征在于，所述热水的温度为60°C。
10.根据权利要求9所述的生物柴油的制造方法，其特征在于，所述除水的温度为： 95-105°C。
11.根据权利要求10所述的生物柴油的制造方法，其特征在于，所述蒸馏的温度为： 70 O。 
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