CN101850337B - Variable Gap Roller Type Fruit and Vegetable Grader - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a variable-gap roller shaft type fruit and vegetable grader. The driving sprocket drives the driven sprocket to rotate through the chain, and grading rollers are evenly distributed on the chain, so that the surface of the grading roller on the upper chain forms a plane grading There is a flat belt conveyor under the flat grading bed, and the two ends of each grading roller are installed on the outer grading roller of the chain, and the pushing rollers are installed on the inner grading roller to match the guide rail. The guide rollers on the frame are installed with parallel screw conveyor shafts through the bearing seats on the longitudinal sides respectively. The motor makes the two screw conveyor shafts rotate at the same speed through the transmission device, and the direction of rotation is opposite. The screw pitch of the second section, the propulsion roller is matched with the screw propulsion groove of the screw conveying shaft, the pitch of the second section of the screw conveying shaft is large, so that the gap between the grading rollers running to the second section of the screw conveying shaft is greater than the diameter of the fruit to be selected. A feeding trough is set above the stage I grading roller surface. The invention has the advantages of simple structure, high operation efficiency, stable changing process of the gap between grading rollers and high grading accuracy.

Description

Variable Gap Roller Type Fruit and Vegetable Grader

technical field

The invention relates to the field of agricultural and sideline product processing machinery, and belongs to a fruit and vegetable classifier, in particular to a variable gap roller shaft type fruit and vegetable classifier. the

Background technique

Forest and fruit planting has good economic and ecological benefits, and post-harvest grading of fruits and vegetables has attracted more and more attention as an important means of measuring the quality of fruits and vegetables. However, the post-harvest treatment of domestic forest and fruit products accounts for less than 5% of the total output. Fruit grading packaging technology is relatively backward. the

At present, the research on the grading standards and grading machinery of fruits and vegetables abroad has reached a relatively high level. The research on the corresponding fruit grading machinery in China started relatively late, mostly relying on the introduction of complete sets of equipment for research, and has also developed to a certain extent. According to the different grading methods, fruit grading machines mainly include mass grading machines, photoelectric grading machines, and size grading machines. the

Size classifiers are classified according to the dimensions of fruits and vegetables, also known as size classifiers. Common purely physical size classifiers include inclined roller type, rotary roller conveyor type, wedge-shaped conveyor belt rotary type, and roller shaft conveyor type. Belt type, drum type, chain plate type, baffle type, vibrating screen type, etc. The patents related to the size classifier that can be found within ten years in China are as follows: 

The utility model patent (02266030.5) is a double-cone roller fruit conveying and turning device for a grader. The utility model discloses a double-cone roller fruit conveying and turning device for a grader. It includes two rows of double-cone rollers on the frame, and each row of double-cone rollers is evenly installed on the entire chain at a certain interval through parallel horizontal small shafts. The double-cone rollers and the horizontal small The shafts form a rotational fit; the two sprockets mounted on the sprocket shaft mesh with their respective chains, and the pulleys mounted on the pulley shaft are connected by friction belts, which are frictionally connected with the lower ends of their respective double-tapered rollers. When the motor drives the large sprocket to rotate, it can move forward with the chain, while the friction belt installed under the double-tapered roller is driven by another motor. When there is a speed difference between the two, the double-tapered roller will Rotate around a small horizontal axis on a friction belt. There are also slope-shaped plates on both sides of the frame and between each row of double-cone rollers. When the fruit enters the device, with the assistance of the slope-shaped plates, the fruits are automatically arranged in a single row. Next, it is conveyed forward and turned over to enter the detection system. the

A utility model patent (patent number CN200420043157.4) is a nut grading machine, a nut grading machine with high screening efficiency, small equipment footprint and low cost. It includes a feeding mechanism, a trommel body mechanism, a discharge hopper and a transmission mechanism. The trommel body mechanism includes at least one trommel body and a casing that wraps the trommel body. The trommel body is installed between rolling bearings and trommel bodies. 1. Nut passages at various levels are formed between the drum sieve body and the shell. There are many sieve holes distributed on the wall of the drum sieve body. The size of the sieve holes decreases gradually according to the size of the nuts from the inner layer to the outer layer. The feeding mechanism It is connected with the innermost drum sieve body, the number of unloading hoppers is equal to the number of stages of classification of nuts, the unloading hoppers of each level are respectively connected with the nut passages of each level, and the transmission mechanism is connected with rolling bearings. When in use, the nuts roll in the nut channel and are lifted by the outer sieve and then fall to the inner sieve body. This part of the nuts has a certain impact on the nuts of the inner sieve body, so that the nuts blocked by the inner sieve are separated from the sieve body. Prevent the inner sieve body from clogging and improve the screening efficiency. the

The utility model patent (Patent No. 200420051012.9) is a fruit grading device, which is composed of a chute, a grading roller, a conveyor belt, a roller, a pallet, and a guide plate. The conveyor belt is installed obliquely, and the grading roller is multi-stage diameter. The long axis and the grading roller have different distances from the conveyor belt in different diameter sections. Fruits are graded through different distances between the grading roller and the conveyor belt. This fruit grading device can grade round fruits and can also be used universally. For the grading of oval fruits such as mangoes. the

Utility Model Patent (Patent No. 200720174159.0) This utility model discloses a multi-layer sorting machine for vegetables and fruits. Both ends are equipped with transmission shafts, and two rotating sprockets are installed on each transmission shaft. The transmission chains are respectively set on the rotating sprockets. The main transmission wheel drives the auxiliary wheels to make each layer of chains move in the same direction. There are a number of circular grading rods a parallel to each other on the transmission chain of each layer. The distance between the circular grading rods a from the upper layer to the bottom layer increases layer by layer. Chutes or conveyor belts. In addition to the advantages of high sorting efficiency and no loss of fruits and vegetables during sorting, the utility model also has the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation and accurate size of sorted fruits and vegetables. Suitable for sorting of vegetables or fruits. the

It can be seen from the above that at present, domestic fruit and vegetable size grading machines mostly adopt four types: drum type, inclined roller type, rotary roller conveyor type, and roller conveyor belt type. The present invention belongs to a roller conveyor type grading machine. In the past, the roller conveyor type roller gap often changes the size of the gap by changing the relative height difference between the pair of rollers or the angle difference between the pair of rollers, and the gap changing process is blunt. , The classification accuracy is not high. the

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a variable-gap roller-type fruit and vegetable classifier, which has a relatively simple structure, high operating efficiency, stable changing process of the gap between the classifying rollers, and high classification accuracy. the

The purpose of the present invention is achieved in this way: a variable gap roller shaft type fruit and vegetable classifier, the driving sprocket installed on the frame through the bearing seat, the driving sprocket drives the driven sprocket to rotate through the chain, and the driven sprocket rotates on the chain. The grading rollers are evenly distributed in the horizontal direction, so that the grading rollers uniformly distributed on the upper chain form a flat grading bed, and a flat belt conveyor is set under the flat grading bed, and the two ends of each grading roller shaft are located outside the chain. The grading roller shafts of the grading rollers are respectively equipped with propulsion rollers, and the grading roller shafts located inside the chain are fixed with guide rollers matched with the horizontal guide rails. On the longitudinal sides of the frame, there are respectively installed parallel rollers with variable pitch through the bearing seats. The screw conveying shaft of the spiral propulsion groove, the motor makes the two spiral conveying shafts rotate at the same speed through the transmission device, and the rotation is opposite. The pitch of the spiral propulsion groove of the screw conveying shaft is divided into three sections, of which the pitches of the I and III sections are greater than the pitch of the II section The propulsion roller on the grading roller shaft of the flat grading bed matches the helical propulsion groove of the screw conveying shaft, and the pitch of the second section of the screw conveying shaft is so large that the gap between the grading rollers running to the second section of the screw conveying shaft is greater than should be To select the diameter of the fruit, a feeding trough is arranged above the matching grading roller surface of the first section of the screw conveying shaft. the

When the present invention is working, turn on the switch of the electric control system, the whole machine starts to run, dump the fruits and vegetables to be graded on the feeding trough, the motor drives two variable-pitch screw conveying shafts to rotate at a constant speed through the transmission device, and the two ends of the grading roller push the rollers Entering the screw propulsion groove of the variable-pitch screw conveying shaft, it is driven to move forward, and the fruit and vegetable materials move forward accordingly. The guide rollers fixed on both sides of the grading roller roll along the guide rail to drive the grading roller to rotate. The variable-pitch screw conveying shaft changes the distance between the grading rollers. When the grading material is forward and rotating, when its rotation circumference is smaller than the gap between the grading rollers of the flat grading bed, it falls on the flat conveyor belt, and the falling grading material It is transported out smoothly by the flat conveyor belt. The invention has relatively simple structure, high operating efficiency, stable changing process of the gap between grading rollers, and high grading accuracy. the

Description of drawings

The utility model will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. the

Fig. 1 is the three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the top view structural representation of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the main view structure schematic diagram of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the pitch curve of the screw conveying shaft;

Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the front view of the screw conveyor shaft;

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the cooperative structure of the classifying roller and the screw conveying shaft. the

Detailed ways

A variable gap roller shaft type fruit and vegetable grader, as shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3, and Figure 4, the driving sprocket 8 is installed on the frame 1 through the bearing seat, and the driving sprocket 8 is driven by the chain 10 The driven sprocket 9 rotates, and the cylindrical grading rollers 6 are evenly distributed horizontally on the chain 10, so that the roller surfaces of the cylindrical grading rollers evenly distributed on the upper chain form a plane grading bed, and a plane belt is arranged below the plane grading bed. Conveyor 2, the two ends of each cylindrical grading roller are positioned on the grading rollers outside the chain 10 to move and install the propulsion rollers 14 respectively, and the grading rollers positioned on the inside of the chain 10 are fixed with horizontal guide rails 21. The matched guide rollers 13 are installed on the longitudinal sides of the frame 1 through the bearing seats respectively, and the screw conveyor shafts 4 with variable pitch screw propulsion grooves are installed parallel to each other. The motor 5 makes the two screw conveyor shafts 4 rotate at the same speed through the transmission device. On the contrary, the pitch of the spiral propulsion groove of the screw conveying shaft 4 is divided into three sections, wherein the pitches of the I and III sections are greater than the pitch of the II section, and the propulsion roller 14 on the grading roller shaft of the plane classifying bed is connected with the screw of the screw conveying shaft 4. The propulsion groove is matched, and the pitch size of the 4II section of the screw conveying shaft is greater than the diameter of the fruit to be selected to move to the gap between the grading rollers 6 of the 4II section of the screw conveying shaft. Feeding trough 12 is arranged above. The screw pitch of the second half of the II section of the screw delivery shaft 4 increases successively from small to large until it is equal to the pitch of the screw delivery shaft 4 of the III section. The chain 10 is a hollow conveying chain, and a grading roller shaft is installed on every four joints of the hollow conveying chain. The pitch of section I of the screw conveying shaft 4 is large, and this section is where the grading roller 6 smoothly enters the helical propulsion groove of the variable-pitch screw conveying shaft 4 to prepare for classification, and then the pitch is reduced to the pitch of section II, and the pitch of this section gradually increases , changes steadily, the stroke is the longest, and the gap between the grading rollers 6 increases gradually. When the diameter of the fruits and vegetables is smaller than the gap between the grading rollers 6, they fall; the section III of the screw conveyor shaft 4 is the stage where the grading rollers 6 unscrew out of the spiral propulsion groove. In order to ensure that oversized fruits and vegetables are not taken out of the flat grading bed by the grading roller 6 in the final stage, the pitch of the section III of the screw conveying shaft 4 increases sharply, and the stroke is short, which ensures that all remaining fruits and vegetables fall and collect. As shown in FIG. 5 , the structure of the screw conveying shaft 4 is that double rows of helical blades are evenly distributed on the main shaft, and the double rows of helical blades form a helical propulsion groove. Its inlet and outlet are provided with a smooth transition to facilitate the screwing in and out of the propelling roller. As shown in Figure 2, the structure of the transmission device is that the motor 5 is connected to the double-stage worm gear reducer 16, and the driving sprocket 17 on the output shaft 1 of the reducer 16 is driven by the driven sprocket 19 on the screw conveying shaft 4 through the chain, The bevel gear on the screw conveying shaft 4 drives the other screw conveying shaft 4 to rotate through the power transmission shaft 20 equipped with the intermediate bevel gear 18 . The driving sprocket 8 installed on the output shaft II of the double-stage worm gear reducer 16 drives the driven sprocket 9 through a chain. As shown in FIG. 6 , the guide roller 13 is a roller with a V-groove, and the V-groove roller cooperates with the inverted V-shaped horizontal guide rail 21 on the frame 1 . As shown in Figure 1, a flat belt conveyor 2 is installed between the upper and lower chains 10, and the flat belt conveyor 2 is driven by a separate motor 7 through a reducer. The direction of motion of the rollers 6 is vertical, and above the flat belt conveyor 2, at least three adjustable grading partitions 3 are installed through the frame 1 in a direction parallel to the grading rollers 6. Adjust the spacing between the grading partitions according to the grading requirements of fruits and vegetables. The falling graded materials from small to large are placed between the grading partitions 3 respectively, and the graded materials are transported out smoothly by the plane conveyor belt. As shown in Figure 3, the upper part of the plane classifying bed in the place ahead of the feeding trough 12 is fixedly connected with a height-adjustable paddle plate 11. The structure of the height-adjustable shifting plate 11 is that evenly distributed shifting plates 11 are arranged on the cross beam, and the through holes provided at both ends of the cross beam cooperate with the upright screw rod 15 fixed on the frame shield. The bolt positions the material shifting plate 11. The height-adjustable shifting plate 11 can ensure that the graded material is in a single-layer flat state when it advances. the

Claims (10)

1. A variable-gap roller-type fruit and vegetable classifier, including a driving sprocket (8) installed on the frame (1) through a bearing seat, and the driving sprocket (8) drives the driven sprocket through a chain (10) (9) Rotate, the grading rollers (6) are evenly distributed horizontally on the chain (10), so that the surface of the grading rollers evenly distributed on the upper chain forms a plane grading bed, and a plane belt conveyor is arranged below the plane grading bed The machine (2) is characterized in that: the two ends of each grading roller are arranged on the grading rollers on the outer side of the chain (10) respectively, and the propelling rollers (14) are installed in motion, and the grading rollers on the inner side of the chain (10) The guide rollers (13) matched with the horizontal guide rails (21) are fixed on the top, and the screw conveying shafts (4) with variable-pitch screw propulsion grooves parallel to each other are installed on the vertical sides of the frame (1) respectively through bearing seats, The motor (5) makes the two screw conveyor shafts (4) rotate at the same speed through the transmission device, and the steering is opposite. The pitch of the screw conveyor shaft (4) is divided into three sections, and the pitches of the I and III sections are greater than that of the II section. Pitch, the propulsion roller (14) on the grading roller shaft of the plane grading bed is matched with the helical propulsion groove of the screw conveying shaft (4), and the pitch of the screw conveying shaft (4) II section is to run to the screw conveying shaft ( 4) the gap between the grading rollers (6) of the II section is greater than the diameter of the fruit to be selected, and a feeding trough (12) is set above the grading roller surface matched by the screw conveying shaft (4) I section. 2. The variable-gap roller-type fruit and vegetable classifier according to claim 1, characterized in that: the screw pitch of the second half of the second half of the second section of the screw conveying shaft (4) increases from small to large until it is in step with the third section of the screw conveying shaft ( 4) The pitch of the head is connected. 3. The variable gap roller shaft type fruit and vegetable classifier according to claim 1, characterized in that: the structure of the screw conveying shaft (4) is that double rows of helical blades are evenly distributed on the main shaft, and are composed of double rows of helical blades Spiral propulsion groove, the width of spiral propulsion groove is adapted to the diameter of advancing roller (14). 4. The variable gap roller shaft type fruit and vegetable classifier according to claim 1, characterized in that: the structure of the transmission device is that the motor (5) is connected to a two-stage worm gear reducer (16), and the reducer (16) outputs The driving sprocket (17) on the shaft I drives the driven sprocket (19) on the screw conveying shaft (4) through a chain, and the conical gear on the helical conveying shaft (4) passes through a transmission gear equipped with an intermediate bevel gear (18). Axle (20) drives another screw conveyor shaft (4) to rotate. 5. The variable gap roller shaft type fruit and vegetable classifier according to claim 1, characterized in that: the driving sprocket (8) installed on the output shaft II of the double-stage worm gear reducer (16) is driven by a chain drive driven chain ( 9). 6. The variable gap roller shaft type fruit and vegetable classifier according to claim 1, characterized in that: the guide roller (13) is a roller with a V-shaped groove, and the V-shaped groove roller and the inverted V on the frame (1) Type horizontal guide rail (21) to match. 7. The variable gap roller shaft type fruit and vegetable classifier according to claim 1, characterized in that: a flat belt conveyor (2) is installed between the upper and lower chains (10), and the flat belt conveyor ( 2) Driven by a separate motor (7) through a reducer, the movement direction of the flat belt conveyor (2) is perpendicular to the movement direction of the grading roller (6), above the flat belt conveyor (2), and the grading Rollers (6) are installed with at least 3 grading partitions (3) with adjustable spacing through the frame (1) in the parallel direction. 8. The variable-gap roller-type fruit and vegetable classifier according to claim 1, characterized in that: the upper part of the plane classifying bed in front of the feeding trough (12) is fixed with a height-adjustable shifting plate (11). 9. The variable-gap roller-type fruit and vegetable classifier according to claim 8, characterized in that: the structure of the height-adjustable shifting plate (11) is that evenly distributed shifting plates (11) are arranged on the beam , the through holes provided at both ends on the crossbeam match with the upright screw rod (15) fixed on the frame shield, and the material shifting plate (11) is positioned by the bolt. 10. The variable-gap roller-type fruit and vegetable classifier according to claim 1, characterized in that: the chain (10) is a hollow conveying chain, and a classifying roller is installed on every four hollow conveying chains. the

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