CN101839474A - Method for re-circulating combustion of flue gas of pulverized coal fired boiler - Google Patents

Method for re-circulating combustion of flue gas of pulverized coal fired boiler Download PDF

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CN101839474A
CN101839474A CN201010204882A CN201010204882A CN101839474A CN 101839474 A CN101839474 A CN 101839474A CN 201010204882 A CN201010204882 A CN 201010204882A CN 201010204882 A CN201010204882 A CN 201010204882A CN 101839474 A CN101839474 A CN 101839474A
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flue gas
temperature flue
pulverized coal
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furnace
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CN101839474B (en
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邹春
操时英
郭鹏
刘忠成
刘晓东
周旭凯
徐龑
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Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
    • Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines

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Abstract

一种煤粉锅炉烟气再循环燃烧方法，属于煤粉O2和CO2循环燃烧方法，解决现有燃烧方法热效率低、燃尽性不好的问题。本发明包括(1)点火燃烧步骤：利用循环烟气向炉膛输送煤粉，同时将O2送入炉膛点火燃烧；(2)烟气循环步骤：燃烧产生的高温烟气分两部分，第一部分经冷却、除尘、脱硫压缩成液态CO2；第二部分再分两路：第一路通过高温循环风机送入炉膛入口，与O2混合；第二路经冷却、除尘和脱硫后，通过冷循环风机携带煤粉送入炉膛。本发明用高温烟气调节锅炉汽温，增强对流传热，提高锅炉汽温、锅炉热效率、脱硝率及高温烟气冷却后的CO2含量，降低NOx排放量、CO2捕捉和收集成本；达到国家节能环保标准。

Figure 201010204882

A pulverized coal boiler flue gas recirculation combustion method belongs to the pulverized coal O2 and CO2 circulation combustion method, which solves the problems of low thermal efficiency and poor burnout performance of the existing combustion method. The present invention comprises (1) igniting combustion step: utilize circulating flue gas to convey pulverized coal to furnace, send O2 into furnace simultaneously and ignite and burn; After cooling, dedusting, and desulfurization, it is compressed into liquid CO 2 ; the second part is divided into two paths: the first path is sent to the furnace inlet through a high-temperature circulating fan, and mixed with O 2 ; The circulating fan carries pulverized coal into the furnace. The invention uses high-temperature flue gas to adjust boiler steam temperature, enhances convective heat transfer, improves boiler steam temperature, boiler thermal efficiency, denitrification rate and CO2 content after cooling high-temperature flue gas, reduces NOx emissions, CO capture and collection costs; National energy conservation and environmental protection standards.

Figure 201010204882

Description

一种煤粉锅炉烟气再循环燃烧方法 A pulverized coal boiler flue gas recirculation combustion method

技术领域technical field

本发明属于煤粉O2和CO2循环燃烧方法，具体涉及一种煤粉锅炉烟气再循环燃烧方法，用于电力行业CO2减排以及NOx和SOx的脱除，同时提高煤粉锅炉效率。The invention belongs to pulverized coal O2 and CO2 circulation combustion method, in particular to a pulverized coal boiler flue gas recirculation combustion method, which is used for CO2 emission reduction and removal of NOx and SOx in the power industry, while improving the efficiency of pulverized coal boiler .

背景技术Background technique

煤粉O2和CO2循环燃烧方法是一种富集CO2，减少碳排放，同时也能对燃煤污染物协同脱除的新型洁净燃烧技术，不仅能使分离收集CO2，还能减少NOx排放、方便处理SO2；在火电厂的各种CO2减排控制方法中，能够进行规模化减排，技术经济性较好，应用潜力较大，得到国际和国内研究的重视，对其工艺的研究也成为能源行业的一大热点。燃煤锅炉的炉膛后部烟道内依次设有过热器、再热器、省煤器和空气预热器，现有煤粉O2和CO2循环燃烧方法，应用于燃煤锅炉，包括点火燃烧步骤和烟气循环步骤，点火燃烧步骤：利用冷循环烟气向炉膛输送煤粉，同时，将分离空气所获得O2送入炉膛，点火燃烧；烟气循环步骤：炉膛内煤粉燃烧后产生的烟气经过冷却、除尘、脱硫处理后，其中一部分冷却烟气作为冷循环烟气，冷循环烟气再分成两部分，第一部分冷却烟气通过循环风机送回炉膛入口；第二部分冷却烟气携带煤粉送入炉膛。由于采用的是冷烟气再循环，从热效率的角度看，烟气经过冷却，进入炉膛的温度低，系统的发电效率低；燃烧过程也存在燃尽性不好等问题。The pulverized coal O 2 and CO 2 cycle combustion method is a new clean combustion technology that enriches CO 2 , reduces carbon emissions, and can simultaneously remove coal-burning pollutants. It can not only separate and collect CO 2 , but also reduce NOx Emissions and convenient treatment of SO 2 ; Among various CO 2 emission reduction control methods in thermal power plants, large-scale emission reductions can be carried out, the technical economy is good, and the application potential is great, which has received international and domestic research attention. The research has also become a hot spot in the energy industry. A superheater, reheater, economizer and air preheater are installed in the flue at the rear of the furnace of a coal-fired boiler in sequence. The existing pulverized coal O2 and CO2 cycle combustion method is applied to coal-fired boilers, including ignition combustion Steps and flue gas circulation steps, ignition and combustion steps: use cold circulation flue gas to transport pulverized coal to the furnace, and at the same time, send O2 obtained by separating air into the furnace, and ignite and burn; flue gas circulation steps: produce coal powder after combustion in the furnace After cooling, dust removal and desulfurization treatment, part of the cooled flue gas is used as cold circulating flue gas, and the cold circulating flue gas is divided into two parts. The first part of the cooled flue gas is sent back to the furnace entrance through the circulating fan; The gas carries pulverized coal into the furnace. Due to the use of cold flue gas recirculation, from the perspective of thermal efficiency, the temperature of the flue gas entering the furnace is low after cooling, and the power generation efficiency of the system is low; the combustion process also has problems such as poor burnout.

发明内容Contents of the invention

本发明提供一种煤粉锅炉烟气再循环燃烧方法，解决现有煤粉O2和CO2循环燃烧方法热效率低、燃尽性不好的问题。The invention provides a pulverized coal boiler flue gas recirculation combustion method, which solves the problems of low thermal efficiency and poor burnout performance of the existing pulverized coal O2 and CO2 circulation combustion method.

本发明的一种煤粉锅炉烟气再循环燃烧方法，应用于煤粉锅炉，依次包括点火燃烧步骤和烟气循环步骤，煤粉锅炉的炉膛后部烟道内依次设有过热器、再热器、省煤器和空气预热器；其特征在于：A pulverized coal boiler flue gas recirculation combustion method of the present invention is applied to a pulverized coal boiler, and includes an ignition combustion step and a flue gas circulation step in sequence, and a superheater and a reheater are sequentially arranged in the flue at the rear of the furnace of the pulverized coal boiler , economizer and air preheater; characterized in that:

点火燃烧步骤：利用循环烟气向炉膛输送煤粉，同时，将分离空气所获得O2送入炉膛，点火燃烧；Ignition and combustion step: use circulating flue gas to transport pulverized coal to the furnace, and at the same time, send O2 obtained by separating air into the furnace for ignition and combustion;

烟气循环步骤：炉膛内煤粉燃烧后产生的高温烟气分为两部分，第一部分高温烟气经过冷却、除尘、脱硫后，再压缩成液态CO2；第二部分高温烟气作为循环烟气；Flue gas circulation steps: the high-temperature flue gas produced by the combustion of pulverized coal in the furnace is divided into two parts. The first part of high-temperature flue gas is cooled, dedusted, and desulfurized, and then compressed into liquid CO 2 ; the second part of high-temperature flue gas is used as circulating flue gas gas;

第二部分高温烟气再分为两路：第一路高温烟气通过高温循环风机送入炉膛入口，与O2混合后进入炉膛；第二路高温烟气经过冷却、除尘和脱硫后，通过冷循环风机携带煤粉送入炉膛。The second part of high-temperature flue gas is further divided into two paths: the first path of high-temperature flue gas is sent to the furnace entrance through a high-temperature circulating fan, mixed with O 2 and then enters the furnace; the second path of high-temperature flue gas is cooled, dust-removed and desulfurized, The cold circulation fan carries pulverized coal into the furnace.

所述的煤粉锅炉烟气再循环燃烧方法，其特征在于：The pulverized coal boiler flue gas recirculation combustion method is characterized in that:

第一部分高温烟气和第二部分高温烟气的体积比为3∶7～6∶4；The volume ratio of the first part of high-temperature flue gas to the second part of high-temperature flue gas is 3:7 to 6:4;

所述第一路高温烟气和第二路高温烟气的体积比为6∶4～8∶2；The volume ratio of the first high-temperature flue gas to the second high-temperature flue gas is 6:4 to 8:2;

所述烟气循环步骤进入炉膛的O2与第二部分高温烟气的体积比为3∶7～2.8∶7.2。The volume ratio of O2 entering the furnace in the flue gas circulation step to the second part of high-temperature flue gas is 3:7˜2.8:7.2.

所述的煤粉锅炉烟气再循环燃烧方法，其特征在于：The pulverized coal boiler flue gas recirculation combustion method is characterized in that:

所述烟气循环步骤中，第一路高温烟气从炉膛后部烟道内的省煤器后部抽出，通过高温循环风机送回炉膛入口。In the flue gas circulation step, the first high-temperature flue gas is extracted from the rear of the economizer in the flue at the rear of the furnace, and sent back to the furnace entrance through a high-temperature circulation fan.

本发明用炉膛尾部烟道内的省煤器后部高温烟气再循环来调节锅炉汽温，将O2/CO2循环燃烧和高温烟气再循环燃烧结合起来，由于炉膛出口烟温的升高，增强了对流传热，从而提高锅炉汽温。同传统燃烧相比，锅炉热效率从89％提高至98％；NOx排放量从5250mg/kg coal降低到2500mg/kg coal，而脱硝率比传统燃烧提高了75％；同时，提高第一部分高温烟气冷却后的CO2含量，使烟气中CO2浓度高达91％以上，降低CO2捕捉和收集成本；达到国家节能环保标准。The present invention uses the recirculation of high-temperature flue gas at the back of the economizer in the flue at the tail of the furnace to adjust the steam temperature of the boiler, and combines the O 2 /CO 2 cycle combustion with the high-temperature flue gas recirculation combustion. , Enhanced convective heat transfer, thereby increasing the boiler steam temperature. Compared with the traditional combustion, the thermal efficiency of the boiler is increased from 89% to 98%; the NOx emission is reduced from 5250mg/kg coal to 2500mg/kg coal, and the denitrification rate is increased by 75% compared with the traditional combustion; at the same time, the first part of high-temperature flue gas is increased The CO 2 content after cooling makes the CO 2 concentration in the flue gas as high as 91%, which reduces the cost of CO 2 capture and collection; meets the national energy conservation and environmental protection standards.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1为本发明流程示意图；Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the present invention;

具体实施方式Detailed ways

如图1所示，本发明依次包括点火燃烧步骤和烟气循环步骤，As shown in Figure 1, the present invention includes an ignition combustion step and a flue gas circulation step in sequence,

点火燃烧步骤：利用循环烟气向炉膛输送煤粉，同时，将分离空气所获得O2送入炉膛，点火燃烧；Ignition and combustion step: use circulating flue gas to transport pulverized coal to the furnace, and at the same time, send O2 obtained by separating air into the furnace for ignition and combustion;

烟气循环步骤：炉膛内煤粉燃烧后产生的高温烟气分为两部分，第一部分高温烟气经过冷却、除尘、脱硫后，再压缩成液态CO2；第二部分高温烟气作为循环烟气；Flue gas circulation steps: the high-temperature flue gas produced by the combustion of pulverized coal in the furnace is divided into two parts. The first part of high-temperature flue gas is cooled, dedusted, and desulfurized, and then compressed into liquid CO 2 ; the second part of high-temperature flue gas is used as circulating flue gas gas;

第二部分高温烟气再分为两路：第一路高温烟气通过高温循环风机送入炉膛入口，与O2混合后进入炉膛；第二路高温烟气经过冷却、除尘和脱硫后，通过冷循环风机携带煤粉送入炉膛。The second part of high-temperature flue gas is further divided into two paths: the first path of high-temperature flue gas is sent to the furnace entrance through a high-temperature circulating fan, mixed with O 2 and then enters the furnace; the second path of high-temperature flue gas is cooled, dust-removed and desulfurized, The cold circulation fan carries pulverized coal into the furnace.

实施例1Example 1

点火燃烧步骤：利用循环烟气向炉膛输送煤粉，同时，将分离空气所获得O2送入炉膛，点火燃烧；Ignition and combustion step: use circulating flue gas to transport pulverized coal to the furnace, and at the same time, send O2 obtained by separating air into the furnace for ignition and combustion;

烟气循环步骤：炉膛内煤粉燃烧后产生的高温烟气分为两部分，第一部分高温烟气占全部高温烟气体积的30％，经过冷却、除尘、脱硫后，再压缩成液态CO2；第二部分高温烟气占全部高温烟气体积的70％，作为循环烟气；Flue gas circulation steps: the high-temperature flue gas produced by the combustion of pulverized coal in the furnace is divided into two parts. The first part of high-temperature flue gas accounts for 30% of the total high-temperature flue gas volume. After cooling, dust removal and desulfurization, it is compressed into liquid CO 2 ;The second part of high-temperature flue gas accounts for 70% of the volume of all high-temperature flue gas, which is used as circulating flue gas;

第二部分高温烟气再分为两路：第一路高温烟气占循环烟气体积的60％，从炉膛尾部省煤器后部抽出后，通过高温循环风机送入炉膛入口，与分离空气所得O2混合后进入炉膛，混合后O2体积占混合后气体体积的30％；第二路高温烟气占循环烟气体积的40％，依次通过冷却器和电除尘器，经过冷却、除尘和脱硫后，通过冷循环风机携带煤粉送入炉膛。The second part of high-temperature flue gas is further divided into two paths: the first path of high-temperature flue gas accounts for 60% of the volume of circulating flue gas. The obtained O 2 enters the furnace after being mixed, and the volume of O 2 after mixing accounts for 30% of the volume of the mixed gas; the second high-temperature flue gas accounts for 40% of the volume of the circulating flue gas, and passes through the cooler and the electrostatic precipitator in turn, after cooling, dust removal After desulfurization and desulfurization, the pulverized coal is carried into the furnace by the cold circulation fan.

实施例2Example 2

点火燃烧步骤：利用循环烟气向炉膛输送煤粉，同时，将分离空气所获得O2送入炉膛，点火燃烧；Ignition and combustion step: use circulating flue gas to transport pulverized coal to the furnace, and at the same time, send O2 obtained by separating air into the furnace for ignition and combustion;

烟气循环步骤：炉膛内煤粉燃烧后产生的高温烟气分为两部分，第一部分高温烟气占全部高温烟气体积的30％，经过冷却、除尘、脱硫后，再压缩成液态CO2；第二部分高温烟气占全部高温烟气体积的70％，作为循环烟气；Flue gas circulation steps: the high-temperature flue gas produced by the combustion of pulverized coal in the furnace is divided into two parts. The first part of high-temperature flue gas accounts for 30% of the total high-temperature flue gas volume. After cooling, dust removal and desulfurization, it is compressed into liquid CO 2 ;The second part of high-temperature flue gas accounts for 70% of the volume of all high-temperature flue gas, which is used as circulating flue gas;

第二部分高温烟气再分为两路：第一路高温烟气占循环烟气体积的80％，从炉膛尾部省煤器后部抽出后，通过高温循环风机送入炉膛入口，与分离空气所得O2混合后进入炉膛，混合后O2体积占混合后气体体积的30％；第二路高温烟气占循环烟气体积的20％，依次通过冷却器和电除尘器，经过冷却、除尘和脱硫后，通过冷循环风机携带煤粉送入炉膛。The second part of high-temperature flue gas is further divided into two paths: the first path of high-temperature flue gas accounts for 80% of the volume of circulating flue gas. The obtained O 2 enters the furnace after being mixed, and the volume of O 2 after mixing accounts for 30% of the volume of the mixed gas; the second high-temperature flue gas accounts for 20% of the volume of the circulating flue gas, and passes through the cooler and the electrostatic precipitator in turn, after cooling, dust removal After desulfurization and desulfurization, the pulverized coal is carried into the furnace by the cold circulation fan.

实施例3Example 3

点火燃烧步骤：利用循环烟气向炉膛输送煤粉，同时，将分离空气所获得O2送入炉膛，点火燃烧；Ignition and combustion step: use circulating flue gas to transport pulverized coal to the furnace, and at the same time, send O2 obtained by separating air into the furnace for ignition and combustion;

烟气循环步骤：炉膛内煤粉燃烧后产生的高温烟气分为两部分，第一部分高温烟气占全部高温烟气体积的60％，经过冷却、除尘、脱硫后，再压缩成液态CO2；第二部分高温烟气占全部高温烟气体积的40％，作为循环烟气；Flue gas circulation steps: The high-temperature flue gas produced by the combustion of pulverized coal in the furnace is divided into two parts. The first part of high-temperature flue gas accounts for 60% of the total high-temperature flue gas volume. After cooling, dust removal, and desulfurization, it is compressed into liquid CO 2 ;The second part of high-temperature flue gas accounts for 40% of the volume of all high-temperature flue gas, which is used as circulating flue gas;

第二部分高温烟气再分为两路：第一路高温烟气占循环烟气体积的60％，从炉膛尾部省煤器后部抽出后，通过高温循环风机送入炉膛入口，与分离空气所得O2混合后进入炉膛，混合后O2体积占混合后气体体积的28％；第二路高温烟气占循环烟气体积的40％，依次通过冷却器和电除尘器，经过冷却、除尘和脱硫后，通过冷循环风机携带煤粉送入炉膛。The second part of high-temperature flue gas is further divided into two paths: the first path of high-temperature flue gas accounts for 60% of the volume of circulating flue gas. The obtained O 2 enters the furnace after being mixed, and the volume of O 2 after mixing accounts for 28% of the volume of the mixed gas; the second high-temperature flue gas accounts for 40% of the volume of the circulating flue gas, which passes through the cooler and the electrostatic precipitator in turn, after cooling, dust removal After desulfurization and desulfurization, the pulverized coal is carried into the furnace by the cold circulation fan.

实施例4Example 4

点火燃烧步骤：利用循环烟气向炉膛输送煤粉，同时，将分离空气所获得O2送入炉膛，点火燃烧；Ignition and combustion step: use circulating flue gas to transport pulverized coal to the furnace, and at the same time, send O2 obtained by separating air into the furnace for ignition and combustion;

烟气循环步骤：炉膛内煤粉燃烧后产生的高温烟气分为两部分，第一部分高温烟气占全部高温烟气体积的60％，经过冷却、除尘、脱硫后，再压缩成液态CO2；第二部分高温烟气占全部高温烟气体积的40％，作为循环烟气；Flue gas circulation steps: The high-temperature flue gas produced by the combustion of pulverized coal in the furnace is divided into two parts. The first part of high-temperature flue gas accounts for 60% of the total high-temperature flue gas volume. After cooling, dust removal, and desulfurization, it is compressed into liquid CO 2 ;The second part of high-temperature flue gas accounts for 40% of the volume of all high-temperature flue gas, which is used as circulating flue gas;

第二部分高温烟气再分为两路：第一路高温烟气占循环烟气体积的80％，从炉膛尾部省煤器后部抽出后，通过高温循环风机送入炉膛入口，与分离空气所得O2混合后进入炉膛，混合后O2体积占混合后气体体积的28％；第二路高温烟气占循环烟气体积的20％，依次通过冷却器和电除尘器，经过冷却、除尘和脱硫后，通过冷循环风机携带煤粉送入炉膛。The second part of high-temperature flue gas is further divided into two paths: the first path of high-temperature flue gas accounts for 80% of the volume of circulating flue gas. The obtained O 2 enters the furnace after being mixed, and the volume of O 2 after mixing accounts for 28% of the volume of the mixed gas; the second high-temperature flue gas accounts for 20% of the volume of the circulating flue gas, and passes through the cooler and the electrostatic precipitator in turn, after cooling, dust removal After desulfurization and desulfurization, the pulverized coal is carried into the furnace by the cold circulation fan.

Claims (3)

1. a method for re-circulating combustion of flue gas of pulverized coal fired boiler is applied to pulverized-coal fired boiler, comprises ignition step and flue gas recirculation step successively, is provided with superheater, reheater, economizer and air preheater successively in the burner hearth rear portion flue of pulverized-coal fired boiler; It is characterized in that:
The ignition step: utilize circulating flue gas to the burner hearth pulverized coal conveying, simultaneously, with O that separation of air obtains 2Send into burner hearth, ignition;
The flue gas recirculation step: the high-temperature flue gas that produces behind the coal dust firing in the burner hearth is divided into two parts, and first's high-temperature flue gas recompresses into liquid CO after supercooling, dedusting, desulfurization 2The second portion high-temperature flue gas is as circulating flue gas;
The second portion high-temperature flue gas is further divided into two-way: first via high-temperature flue gas is sent into the burner hearth inlet by the high temperature circulation blower fan, with O 2Enter burner hearth after the mixing; The second road high-temperature flue gas carries coal dust by cold circulating fan and sends into burner hearth after supercooling, dedusting and desulfurization.
2. method for re-circulating combustion of flue gas of pulverized coal fired boiler as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that:
The volume ratio of first's high-temperature flue gas and second portion high-temperature flue gas is 3: 7～6: 4;
The volume ratio of the described first via high-temperature flue gas and the second road high-temperature flue gas is 6: 4～8: 2;
Described flue gas recirculation step enters the O of burner hearth 2With the volume ratio of second portion high-temperature flue gas be 3: 7～2.8: 7.2.
3. method for re-circulating combustion of flue gas of pulverized coal fired boiler as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that:
In the described flue gas recirculation step, first via high-temperature flue gas is extracted out from the economizer rear portion in the flue of burner hearth rear portion, sends the burner hearth inlet back to by the high temperature circulation blower fan.
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