CN101838746B - Process for smelting nickel-bearing laterite ore - Google Patents
Process for smelting nickel-bearing laterite ore Download PDFInfo
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- CN101838746B CN101838746B CN2009102441934A CN200910244193A CN101838746B CN 101838746 B CN101838746 B CN 101838746B CN 2009102441934 A CN2009102441934 A CN 2009102441934A CN 200910244193 A CN200910244193 A CN 200910244193A CN 101838746 B CN101838746 B CN 101838746B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a process for smelting nickel-bearing laterite ore, comprising the following steps of: adding nickel-bearing laterite ore and a flux to the hearth of a smelting furnace from the charging hole of the smelting furnace; spraying pulverized coal and oxygen for top combustion to the hearth from the top of the smelting furnace; spraying pulverized coal and oxygen to the smelting bath in the lower part of the hearth from the lateral side of the smelting furnace; and electrically heating the melt in the smelting bath to clarify and separate dregs from nickel and ferrum. The process for smelting nickel-bearing laterite ore has the advantages of low cost and energy consumption, good operating environment, low pollution and simple process.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of process for smelting nickel-bearing laterite ore, especially relate to top combustion of a kind of oxygen enrichment and side-blown process for smelting nickel-bearing laterite ore.
Background technology
Nickel is a kind of broad-spectrum non-ferrous metal.The production of nickel mainly comprises two kinds of pyrogenic process and wet methods.Wherein pyrogenic process production nickel mainly comprises electrosmelting technology and blast furnace smelting process.
Electrosmelting technology is used the heated by electrodes nickel ores, uses coal as reductive agent.And, before adding electrosmelting, need to use rotary kiln that nickel ores is carried out pre-treatment, nickel ores is made calcining, add electric furnace then and carry out retailoring.The electric energy that the consumption of electrosmelting arts demand is a large amount of, so energy consumption and cost height need to use the rotary kiln pre-treatment in addition, and facility investment is big, whole melting technology complexity.
Blast furnace smelting process is to use coke that the required heat of fusing nickel minerals is provided and is used as reductive agent.And nickel ores need be carried out sintering with sinter machine before adding blast furnace smelting.Owing to the cost height of coke, therefore cause the cost height of blast furnace smelting process, and operating environment is poor, seriously polluted.And sintering also consumes a large amount of energy, and environment is poor, and is seriously polluted, and causes whole melting technology complexity.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is intended to solve at least one of technical problem that exists in the prior art.For this reason, one object of the present invention is to propose a kind of process for smelting nickel-bearing laterite ore, utilizes this process for smelting nickel-bearing laterite ore, and cost and energy consumption are low, good operational environment, pollution is low, technology is simple.
A kind of process for smelting nickel-bearing laterite ore according to the embodiment of the invention may further comprise the steps: add red soil nickel ore and flux from the charging opening of smelting furnace in the burner hearth of smelting furnace; Spray into fine coal and the oxygen that is used to push up combustion to upper furnace from the top of smelting furnace; In the molten bath of lower furnace portion, spray into fine coal and oxygen from the smelting furnace side; Thereby clarification separates slag and nickel, iron with melt in the electrically heated molten bath.
Process for smelting nickel-bearing laterite ore according to the embodiment of the invention passes through top blast fine coal and oxygen in burner hearth, melting materials capable is provided, keeps temperature and the required heat of reduction reaction in the burner hearth, the fine coal of side-blown is most of as reductive agent, and small part and oxygen reaction need not with rotary kiln pre-treatment mineral aggregate, cost and energy consumption have been reduced, technology is simple, and, by electrically heated the nickel, iron and the slag that restore are clarified, separating nickel, iron and slag have lowered the nickel in the waste, iron level better.In addition, according to process for smelting nickel-bearing laterite ore of the present invention, adopt fine coal as reductive agent and fuel, so cost further reduce.
In addition, the process for smelting nickel-bearing laterite ore according to the embodiment of the invention also has following additional technical feature:
Utilize combustion spray gun in top to spray into fine coal and the oxygen that is used to push up combustion to upper furnace from the top of smelting furnace.
Utilize side-blown spray gun in the molten bath of lower furnace portion, to spray into fine coal and oxygen from the smelting furnace side.
Utilization is inserted into the melt in the heated by electrodes molten bath in the molten bath.
Described smelting furnace is L shaped, and wherein electrode is positioned at highly relatively little smelting furnace one side.
Process for smelting nickel-bearing laterite ore according to the embodiment of the invention also comprises by blasting oxygen rich gas at the overfiren air port that is located at above the side-blown spray gun on the melting furnace wall to upper furnace.
Also comprise by tertiary air orifice blasts air to upper furnace on the melting furnace wall being located at above the overfiren air port according to the process for smelting nickel-bearing laterite ore of the embodiment of the invention.
In burner hearth, blast oxygen rich gas and air by overfiren air port and tertiary air orifice, the abundant burns oxygen of carbon monoxide in the flue gas can be changed into carbonic acid gas, and emit heat, make the carbon monoxide composition in the flue gas of discharging body of heater reduce, reduced the pollution of environment and the harm of follow-up equipment (for example waste heat boiler), simplified flue gas treatment scheme and facility, the clean-burning heat of flue gas has reduced the energy consumption of technology by the recovery of waste heat boiler.
Process for smelting nickel-bearing laterite ore according to the embodiment of the invention also comprises the waste heat of recovery from the flue gas that the smelting furnace exhanst gas outlet is discharged
For example utilize waste heat boiler to reclaim waste heat in the high-temperature flue gas, can recycle, improved efficiency of cycling economy, cut down the consumption of energy.
Additional aspect of the present invention and advantage part in the following description provide, and part will become obviously from the following description, or recognize by practice of the present invention.
Description of drawings
Above-mentioned and/or additional aspect of the present invention and advantage are from obviously and easily understanding becoming the description of embodiment in conjunction with following accompanying drawing, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the example structure synoptic diagram that is used to implement according to the smelting furnace for nickel-bearing laterite ore of the process for smelting nickel-bearing laterite ore of the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 be among Fig. 1 A-A to sectional view;
Fig. 3 be among Fig. 1 B-B to sectional view; With
Fig. 4 is the vertical view of the smelting furnace for nickel-bearing laterite ore shown in Fig. 1, has wherein omitted electrode;
Fig. 5 is the schema according to the process for smelting nickel-bearing laterite ore of the embodiment of the invention; With
Fig. 6 is the schema of process for smelting nickel-bearing laterite ore according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
Describe embodiments of the invention below in detail, the example of described embodiment is shown in the drawings, and wherein identical from start to finish or similar label is represented identical or similar elements or the element with identical or similar functions.Below by the embodiment that is described with reference to the drawings is exemplary, only is used to explain the present invention, and can not be interpreted as limitation of the present invention.
In description of the invention, close the orientation of indications such as term " on ", D score, top ", " end " or position is based on orientation shown in the drawings or position relation; only be the present invention for convenience of description rather than require the present invention therefore can not be interpreted as limitation of the present invention with specific orientation structure and operation.
Below in conjunction with the process for smelting nickel-bearing laterite ore of accompanying drawing detailed description according to the embodiment of the invention.
Before the process for smelting nickel-bearing laterite ore of describing according to the embodiment of the invention, at first the example be used to implement according to the smelting furnace for nickel-bearing laterite ore of the process for smelting nickel-bearing laterite ore of the embodiment of the invention is described with reference to figure 1-4, yet, it will be appreciated that, be not limited in the smelting furnace for nickel-bearing laterite ore enforcement that utilizes institute to describe and illustrate according to the process for smelting nickel-bearing laterite ore of the embodiment of the invention.
Be used to implement comprise body of heater 1, top combustion spray gun 2, side-blown spray gun 3 and electrode 4 according to the smelting furnace for nickel-bearing laterite ore of the process for smelting nickel-bearing laterite ore of the embodiment of the invention.
As shown in Figure 1, body of heater 1 inside defines burner hearth, and the bottom of burner hearth is the molten bath, and body of heater 1 is provided with charging opening 11, smoke outlet 12, goes out nickel mouth 13 and slag notch 14.
As shown in Figure 4, the top of body of heater 1 is formed with top combustion spray gun jack 17, and the top that top combustion spray gun jack 17 stretches in the burner hearth from body of heater 1 top and is positioned at the molten bath is passed in the lower end of top combustion spray gun 2.Side-blown spray gun 3 passes and is formed on body of heater 1 lateral side-blown spray gun jack and stretches in the molten bath from the side of body of heater 1.The lower end of electrode 4 is for example stretched in the molten bath from the top of body of heater 1, and the melt in 4 pairs of molten baths of electrode carries out electrically heated, thereby clarification separates slag and the nickel, the iron that restore.
In one example, on the sidewall of body of heater 1 overfiren air port 15 can be set, overfiren air port 15 is positioned at side-blown spray gun 3 tops, can be used for blasting oxygen rich gas to upper furnace.In another example, on the sidewall of body of heater 1, tertiary air orifice 16 can also be set.Tertiary air orifice 16 is positioned at the top of overfiren air port 15, for example is used for blasting air to upper furnace.The oxygen that blasts upper furnace by overfiren air port 15 and tertiary air orifice 16 can change into the abundant burns oxygen of the carbon monoxide in the flue gas carbonic acid gas and emit heat, thereby the carbon monoxide in the minimizing flue gas, reduce thus for example harm of waste heat boiler of follow-up equipment, simplified flue gas treatment scheme and facility.The flue gas liberated heat that fully burns reclaims by waste heat boiler, has reduced process energy consumption.
More specifically, as shown in Figure 1, the body of heater 1 of smelting furnace for nickel-bearing laterite ore is a cardinal principle L type.Charging opening 11 on the body of heater 1 is located at the top of body of heater 1, is used for adding materials in burner hearth, and material for example comprises red soil nickel ore and flux.Smoke outlet 12 is located at body of heater 1 top, is used for discharging the high-temperature flue gas in the burner hearth.Go out nickel mouth 13 and be located at the lower sidewall of body of heater 1, be used for discharging and reduced and isolated nickel and iron.Slag notch 14 is located at the lower sidewall of body of heater 1 and is higher than nickel mouth 13, is used to discharge waste.As shown in Figure 1, go out the relative both sides that nickel mouth 13 and slag notch 14 are respectively formed at body of heater 1.Advantageously, go out the lower side (right side among Fig. 1) of body of heater height that nickel mouth 13 and slag notch 14 can be formed on electrode 4 places simultaneously, clarify the influence that isolating nickel, iron and slag can not be subjected to top blast and side-blown by electrode 4 electrically heated thus, thereby discharge nickel, iron and waste better, reduce nickel, iron level in the waste.
For example, as Figure 1-3, in the burner hearth of body of heater 1 inside, be broadly divided into three zones, be positioned at the secondary reaction district C1 at the higher position of L type body of heater 1, the reduction zone C2 (part in molten bath) that be positioned at secondary reaction district below relative, and the settling section C3 (part in molten bath) adjacent with reduction zone C2 with it.Settling section C3 and reduction zone C2 constitute the molten bath, and wherein the top of settling section C3 and secondary reaction district C1 can become the top of burner hearth, and the bottom of burner hearth is the molten bath that settling section C3 and reduction zone C2 constitute.The lower end of top combustion spray gun 2 is positioned at reduction zone C2 top and side-blown spray gun 3 is inserted into reduction zone C2, and electrode 4 is inserted in the settling section C3.
As shown in Fig. 1～Fig. 4, after stretching in the burner hearth, the lower end of the top at body of heater 1 top combustion spray gun 2 is positioned at the top, molten bath, in the molten bath, to spray into fine coal and oxygen.For example, can utilize pressurized air that fine coal is sprayed in the burner hearth by top combustion spray gun 2, and combustion spray gun 2 in top can move up and down by top combustion gun lifting device 21, so that adjust the height of top combustion spray gun 2 and change the rifle operation.After body of heater 1 lateral side-blown spray gun 3 stretches into the molten bath, in the molten bath, spray into fine coal and oxygen.
As shown in Figure 2, the overfiren air port 15 on body of heater 1 sidewall is positioned at the top of side-blown spray gun 3, and blasting oxygen rich gas to upper furnace, and tertiary air orifice 16 is positioned at the top of overfiren air port 15, to blast air to upper furnace.Alternatively, overfiren air port 15 tilts on sidewall of the furnace body from outside to inside with tertiary air orifice 16, and its axis direction is 0～90 degree with straight down angular separation respectively, so that the gas that blasts can enter into the secondary reaction district fully.
As shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4, electrode 4 is positioned at the relatively little side of height of L type body of heater 1, and its lower end is stretched in the molten bath with the melt in the heating molten bath (comprising slag and the ferronickel that restores) from body of heater 1 top, thereby the electrically heated melt separates slag and nickel, iron with clarification.
Smelting furnace for nickel-bearing laterite ore can also comprise the lifting device 5 that is used for the lifting electrode.Lifting device 5 for example comprises motor and pulley gear, is used for control electrode 4 and moves up and down between limes superiors position A and smallest limit position B.Lifting device 5 can move up and down according to the extent of deterioration of electrode 4.After the lower end loss of electrode 4, operator's may command lifting device 4 descends, and immerses in the molten bath with the lower end that guarantees electrode 4.When the lower end of electrode 4 is stretched in the molten bath too much, lifting device 5 rising electrodes 4.
In further example, smelting furnace for nickel-bearing laterite ore can also comprise the waste heat boiler (not shown) that links to each other with smoke outlet 12, and with the waste heat in the recovery high-temperature flue gas, for example waste heat boiler advances mouth and can link to each other with smoke outlet 12 on the body of heater 1 by pipeline.
Below with reference to Fig. 5 process for smelting nickel-bearing laterite ore is according to an embodiment of the invention described.
At first, red soil nickel ore and flux are added in the burner hearth of smelting furnace by charging opening 11.
Then, by top combustion spray gun 2 fine coal and oxygen are sprayed into upper furnace from body of heater 1 top towards the molten bath, fine coal and oxygen reaction are to provide material melting, reduction reaction and to keep the required heat of temperature in the burner hearth.And, in the molten bath of lower furnace portion, spray into fine coal and oxygen by side-blown spray gun 3 from the side of body of heater 1, wherein, most of fine coal that side sprays into is as reductive agent, in the C2 of the reduction zone of burner hearth, nickel in the ore and iron are restored, small part fine coal can provide heat with oxygen reaction.
And then, in the settling section C3 of burner hearth, by electrode 4 heating ferronickel and slags, thereby ferronickel is separated with the slag clarification, thereby reduced the ferronickel content in the slag.
At last, the nickel that has restored, Tie Tong cross out nickel mouth 13 and discharge, and waste is discharged by slag notch 14, and flue gas is discharged by smoke outlet 12.
Fig. 4 shows process for smelting nickel-bearing laterite ore according to another embodiment of the present invention.As shown in Figure 4,
Red soil nickel ore and flux are added in the burner hearth of smelting furnace by charging opening 11.
By top combustion spray gun 2 fine coal and oxygen are sprayed into upper furnace from body of heater 1 top towards the molten bath, in the molten bath of lower furnace portion, spray into fine coal and oxygen by side-blown spray gun 3 from the side of body of heater 1 simultaneously.Spray into oxygen rich gas by overfiren air port 15 to upper furnace, in secondary reaction district C2, the oxygen in the oxygen rich gas is oxidized to carbonic acid gas with the carbon monoxide in the flue gas in the burner hearth.And, spray into air by tertiary air orifice 16 to upper furnace, in secondary reaction district C2, further the carbon monoxide in the flue gas is oxidized to carbonic acid gas.
In the settling section C3 of burner hearth, by electrode 4 heating ferronickel and slags, thereby ferronickel is separated with the slag clarification, thereby reduced the ferronickel content in the slag.
At last, the nickel that has restored, Tie Tong cross out nickel mouth 13 and discharge, and waste is discharged by slag notch 14, and flue gas is discharged by smoke outlet 12, and will send into waste heat boiler by the flue gas that smoke outlet 12 is discharged and reclaim waste heat in the high-temperature flue gas, thereby improve efficiency of cycling economy, saved the energy.
Although illustrated and described embodiments of the invention, those having ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that: can carry out multiple variation, modification, replacement and modification to these embodiment under the situation that does not break away from principle of the present invention and aim, scope of the present invention is limited by claim and equivalent thereof.
Claims (8)
1. a process for smelting nickel-bearing laterite ore is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
In the burner hearth of smelting furnace, add red soil nickel ore and flux from the charging opening of smelting furnace;
Spray into fine coal and the oxygen that is used to push up combustion to upper furnace from the top of smelting furnace;
In the molten bath of lower furnace portion, spray into fine coal and oxygen from the smelting furnace side; With
Thereby the clarification of the melt in electrically heated molten bath separation slag and nickel, iron.
2. process for smelting nickel-bearing laterite ore according to claim 1 is characterized in that, utilizes combustion spray gun in top to spray into fine coal and the oxygen that is used to push up combustion to upper furnace from the top of smelting furnace.
3. process for smelting nickel-bearing laterite ore according to claim 1 is characterized in that, utilizes side-blown spray gun to spray into fine coal and oxygen from the smelting furnace side in the molten bath of lower furnace portion.
4. process for smelting nickel-bearing laterite ore according to claim 1 is characterized in that, utilizes the melt in the heated by electrodes molten bath that is inserted in the molten bath.
5. process for smelting nickel-bearing laterite ore according to claim 4 is characterized in that, described smelting furnace is L shaped, and wherein electrode is positioned at highly relatively little smelting furnace one side.
6. process for smelting nickel-bearing laterite ore according to claim 1 is characterized in that, also comprises by blasting oxygen rich gas at the overfiren air port that is located at above the side-blown spray gun on the melting furnace wall to upper furnace.
7. process for smelting nickel-bearing laterite ore according to claim 6 is characterized in that, also comprises by tertiary air orifice blasts air to upper furnace on the melting furnace wall being located at above the overfiren air port.
8. according to each described process for smelting nickel-bearing laterite ore among the claim 1-7, it is characterized in that, also comprise the waste heat of recovery from the flue gas that the smelting furnace exhanst gas outlet is discharged.
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| CN102140585B (en) * | 2011-03-11 | 2013-04-24 | 吉林吉恩镍业股份有限公司 | Method for smelting nickel ore concentrate by using smelting furnace |
| CN102234717B (en) * | 2011-03-29 | 2013-03-06 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | Method for roasting red mud nickel ore |
| CN105039740A (en) * | 2015-08-06 | 2015-11-11 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | Method for treating nickel laterite ore through oxygen-enriched vortex molten pool smelting furnace |
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| CN85102902A (en) * | 1985-04-19 | 1986-10-15 | 北京有色冶金设计研究总院 | Process for boiling smelting |
| CN1045129A (en) * | 1989-02-21 | 1990-09-05 | 日本钢管株式会社 | The method for smelting reduction of nickel ores |
| CN1045423A (en) * | 1989-03-09 | 1990-09-19 | 日本钢管株式会社 | Method for smelting reduction of ni ore |
| CN101358292A (en) * | 2008-07-16 | 2009-02-04 | 朝阳昊天有色金属有限公司 | Feeding method for preparing high nickel matte |
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2009
- 2009-12-30 CN CN2009102441934A patent/CN101838746B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN85102902A (en) * | 1985-04-19 | 1986-10-15 | 北京有色冶金设计研究总院 | Process for boiling smelting |
| CN1045129A (en) * | 1989-02-21 | 1990-09-05 | 日本钢管株式会社 | The method for smelting reduction of nickel ores |
| CN1045423A (en) * | 1989-03-09 | 1990-09-19 | 日本钢管株式会社 | Method for smelting reduction of ni ore |
| CN101358292A (en) * | 2008-07-16 | 2009-02-04 | 朝阳昊天有色金属有限公司 | Feeding method for preparing high nickel matte |
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