CN101838538A - Poly-phosphate flame retardant containing DOPO side-chain structure and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Poly-phosphate flame retardant containing DOPO side-chain structure and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101838538A CN101838538A CN200910012620A CN200910012620A CN101838538A CN 101838538 A CN101838538 A CN 101838538A CN 200910012620 A CN200910012620 A CN 200910012620A CN 200910012620 A CN200910012620 A CN 200910012620A CN 101838538 A CN101838538 A CN 101838538A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a poly-phosphate flame retardant containing a DOPO side-chain structure and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of polymeric organic phosphorus flame retardant structures and the preparation method thereof. The flame retardant is characterized by comprising the following repeating unit structure: wherein n=5-50. The preparation method of the poly-phosphate flame retardant comprises the following steps of: reacting an intermediate I containing the DOPO structure with phosphorus oxychloride to obtain an intermediate II containing phosphorus oxychloride, and fusing and polymerizing the intermediate II and a bisphenol compound to obtain the poly-phosphate flame retardant containing the DOPO side-chain structure. The preparation method is simple, and through adjusting Ar categories and ratios, the phosphorus content can be controlled at 11.5-15.5% and the sulfur content can be controlled at 0-5.9%. The flame retardant has the characteristics of favorable thermal stability, high decomposition temperature, favorable char-forming property, and the like, and can be used for flame retardance modification of materials, such as polyester, polyamide, polycarbonate and blends thereof, and the like, with higher processing temperature.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aggretion type organophosphorous fire retardant structure and preparation method thereof, relate to fire retardant of polyphosphate structure that contains the DOPO side-chain structure and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Along with developing rapidly of synthetic materials, much more more and more synthetic plastics, rubber, fiber are applied in each department of national economy and people's the productive life, but meanwhile, owing to the ignited fire that causes of superpolymer is also increasing greatly, so people require more and more higher to the flame retardant properties of synthetic materials.Especially at high-technology field, people not only require fire retardant material to have satisfied flame retardant properties, also require material to have good physical and mechanical properties and electric property, processing fluidity, the easy recovery of fire retardant material, dimensional stability etc., with this, the exploitation of satisfying the fire retardant of above-mentioned requirements is a problem demanding prompt solution.
Up to now, the fire retardant major part that is used for engineering plastics still is bromo-antimony system, because its potential toxicity, people are very careful to their application, and the fire retardant of development of new safety (flame-retardant system) becomes people's problem demanding prompt solution.Organophosphorous fire retardant is to be acknowledged as the kind that may substitute halogenated flame retardant, and this wherein studies more is organophosphate.Most of commercial organophosphate based flame retardants volatility in the course of processing is big at present, and thermostability is low.In application process, there is migration, separates out phenomenon, make the decline of material property, it is lasting that flame retardant resistance also is difficult to.Experimental results show that the aggretion type high molecular weight flame retardant has that material compatibility is good, decomposition temperature is high, good weatherability, the advantages such as mechanical property of some base material can also improved.The oligomerisation phosphoric acid ester not only has excellent flame-retardant performance, also has good plasticity; Anti-extraction, migration, prevention volatilization loss are that the small molecules phosphonium flame retardant hardly matches.U.S. Monsanto Company (US3014956) has developed molecular weight 800 left and right sides poly phosphates, has flame retardant resistance and thermotolerance preferably.Kishore group systematically designs and has synthesized a series of poly phosphate, by phenyl is introduced on the side chain of poly phosphate, has increased their flame retardant resistance effectively, and has kept thermostability, improves the solvability in organic solvent.Domestic, the Wang Yuzhong of Sichuan University professor has carried out in the laboratory the synthetic and applied research of poly-phosphorus (phosphine) acid esters, and it has applied for relevant patent, patent application publication number: CN02113512.6, application number: CN200510021217.1.
9, the 10-dihydro-9-oxy is mixed-abundant carbon source and the acid source of 10-phospho hetero phenanthrene-10-oxide compound (DOPO) tool, and the P-H in the molecule can be used as reactive center and a lot of functional group reactionses, is the intermediate of synthetic a series of phosphorous reactive flame retardants.Because it is the phosphinate structure, has the P-C key, excellent in stability, hydrolytic resistance is good.This based flame retardant is generally used for the ethoxyline resin antiflaming solidifying agent and the phosphorous copolyester monomer uses.But it is not good enough that experimental result shows that independent use contains the anti-molten drop of fire retardant of DOPO structure.
It is few as the research of additive flame retardant that the DOPO structure is introduced polymer lateral chain, it should be noted that to be published in Macromol.Mater.Eng.289 respectively, and 703-707 and Fire Mater.31, the fire retardant of 411-423:
The two is respectively by increasing phosphorus content and introducing element silicon and improve polymer materials at aflame anti-molten drop.
Characteristics of the present invention are the DOPO structure to be introduced the side chain of poly phosphate, greatly bring into play the advantage of DOPO; Simultaneously, the molten drop phenomenon that the poly phosphate structure can overcome above-mentioned fire retardant can not obviously improve polymer combustion the time improves the one-tenth charcoal effect of macromolecular material when burning.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention provides fire retardant of polyphosphate of a kind of DOPO of containing side-chain structure and preparation method thereof.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
The fire retardant that provides has following repeating unit:
N=5～50 wherein
The fire retardant of polyphosphate preparation method step that contains the DOPO side-chain structure provided by the invention is as follows:
The raw material of preparation fire retardant is intermediate compound I, phosphorus oxychloride and the bisphenol compound of DOPO structure, and wherein the bis-phenol phenolic compound is any one or a few combination in Resorcinol, dihydroxyphenyl propane and the bisphenol S,
Intermediate compound I
To contain the intermediate compound I of DOPO structure and phosphorus oxychloride in molar ratio 1～5 ratio join in the reactor, at 60 ℃ of (T
1), nitrogen protection stirs down reaction 2h (t
1).Reaction finishes, and excessive phosphorus oxychloride is removed in distillation, promptly gets reaction intermediate II; With in the bisphenol cpd any by adding in the reactor with the molar ratios such as intermediate compound I add-on that contain the DOPO structure, heating under nitrogen gas stream, stirring, progressively heat up then (Δ T=20 ℃/h), be warming up to 220 ℃ from 120 ℃, keep 220 ℃ of reaction 4h down, guarantee that level of response is higher than 0.95, promptly get product after the cooling.
Effect of the present invention and benefit are that the aggretion type organophosphorous fire retardant with bicyclic phosphate structure is a vitreous solid; Have Heat stability is good, 5% decomposition temperature height (＞300 ℃) becomes charcoal good, and 550 ℃ of following carbon residue contents are higher than characteristics such as 40%.Preparation method provided by the invention is simple, is easy to control.The theoretical phosphorus content of the fire retardant of gained can be controlled in 11.5%-15.5%; Theoretical sulphur content can be controlled in 0%-5.9%.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the TGA and the DTG graphic representation of fire retardant.
Fig. 2 (A) and Fig. 2 (B) are fire retardants
1H-NMR and
31P-NMR figure.Testing tool is Sweden Mei Lete TGA/SDTA851
@Differential thermal analyzer; Test condition is an air, 10 ℃/min of heat-up rate.
Embodiment
Provide embodiment so that the invention will be further described below in conjunction with technical scheme
Embodiment 1
DOPO216g (1mol) is dissolved in is heated to 70 ℃ in the 600mL ethanol, in 30min, add 37% formalin 90mL, the 4h that refluxes subsequently, crystallisation by cooling, filtration drying obtains intermediate compound I.Reaction equation is as follows:
To contain the intermediate compound I 24.6g (0.1mol) of DOPO structure and phosphorus oxychloride in molar ratio 1/15 ratio join in the reactor, at 60 ℃, nitrogen protection is stirred down, reacts 2 hours.Reaction finishes, and excessive phosphorus oxychloride is removed in distillation, promptly gets reaction intermediate II; Bisphenol S 25g (0.1mol) is added in the reactor, heating under nitrogen gas stream, stir, progressively heat up then (Δ T=20 ℃/h), be warming up to 220 ℃ from 120 ℃, keep 220 ℃ to react 4h down, guarantee that level of response is higher than 0.95, promptly get product after the cooling.Reaction equation is as follows:
Theoretical phosphorus content: 11.5%; Theoretical sulphur content: 5.9%.
The TGA of this fire retardant and DTG graphic representation are seen Fig. 1, chemical structure by
1H-NMR and
31P-NMR characterizes and sees Fig. 2.
Embodiment 3
Reaction intermediate II36.3g (0.1mol) and dihydroxyphenyl propane 22.8g (0.1mol) add in the reactor, heating under nitrogen gas stream, stirring, progressively heat up then (Δ T=20 ℃/h), be warming up to 220 ℃ from 120 ℃, keep 220 ℃ of reaction 4h down, guarantee that level of response is higher than 0.95, promptly get product after the cooling.Reaction equation is as follows:
Theoretical phosphorus content: 12.0%.
Reaction intermediate II36.3g (0.1mol) and Resorcinol 11.0g (0.1mol) add in the reactor, heating under nitrogen gas stream, stirring, progressively heat up then (Δ T=20 ℃/h), be warming up to 220 ℃ from 120 ℃, keep 220 ℃ of reaction 4h down, guarantee that level of response is higher than 0.95, promptly get product after the cooling.Reaction equation is as follows:
Theoretical phosphorus content: 15.5%.
Embodiment 5
Reaction intermediate II36.3g (0.1mol) is total to 0.1mol with Resorcinol, bisphenol S, dihydroxyphenyl propane and adds in the reactor, heating under nitrogen gas stream, stirring, progressively heat up then (Δ T=20 ℃/h), be warming up to 220 ℃ from 120 ℃, keep 220 ℃ of reaction 4h down, guarantee that level of response is higher than 0.95, promptly get product after the cooling.Reaction equation is as follows:
Wherein, k+q+r=m.
Theoretical phosphorus content 11.5%-15.5%; Sulphur content 0%-5.9%.
Claims (2)
1. fire retardant of polyphosphate that contains the DOPO side-chain structure is characterized in that this fire retardant has following chemical structural formula:
Wherein, n=5-20;
2. prepare the fire retardant of polyphosphate that contains the DOPO side-chain structure described in the claim 1, it is characterized in that following steps: raw material is intermediate compound I, phosphorus oxychloride and the bisphenol compound that contains the DOPO structure, wherein bisphenol compound is Resorcinol, dihydroxyphenyl propane and bisphenol S
Intermediate compound I
With intermediate compound I and phosphorus oxychloride in molar ratio 1/15 ratio join in the reactor, under 60 ℃, nitrogen protection, stir reaction 2h; Reaction finishes, and excessive phosphorus oxychloride is removed in distillation, promptly gets reaction intermediate II; With in the bisphenol cpd any or several in adding in the reactor with the equimolar ratio of intermediate compound I add-on, heating under nitrogen gas stream, stirring, progressively heat up by Δ T=20 ℃/h then, be warming up to 220 ℃ from 120 ℃, keep 220 ℃ of reaction 4h down, guarantee that level of response is higher than 0.95, promptly get product after the cooling.
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