CN101832142B - 一种隧道信息化跟踪精确注浆方法 - Google Patents
一种隧道信息化跟踪精确注浆方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101832142B CN101832142B CN2010101623374A CN201010162337A CN101832142B CN 101832142 B CN101832142 B CN 101832142B CN 2010101623374 A CN2010101623374 A CN 2010101623374A CN 201010162337 A CN201010162337 A CN 201010162337A CN 101832142 B CN101832142 B CN 101832142B
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- Prior art keywords
- hole
- grouting
- water
- slip casting
- construction
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 [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfate Chemical compound 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Abstract
本发明涉及隧道注浆领域，具体为一种隧道信息化跟踪注浆方法，解决现有隧道注浆采用传统的帷幕注浆法，存在加固圈厚、钻眼数量多、施工工期长等问题，包括止浆墙施作，设置孔口管、注浆管，测量钻孔涌水，压水试验，布孔、钻孔作业，注浆作用，布孔和注浆按照超前地质探孔-其余外圈孔-内圈孔-工作面稳定孔-检查孔-管棚孔的顺序，无工作室超前大管棚施工，玻璃纤维锚杆稳定工作面等步骤，打破了传统施工理念，将注浆设计与地质变化紧密结合，采用“堵裂隙、减少水量；固围岩、稳定地层”注浆机理，注浆孔减少30-40％，缩短了施工周期，提高注浆质量，保证安全快速施工，消除了重大突水突泥事件，最大限度的保护周围环境。
Description
一种隧道信息化跟踪精确注浆方法
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及隧道注浆领域，具体为一种隧道信息化跟踪注浆方法。 背景技术
[0002] 当今随着工程建设的发展，复杂地区隧道修建技术获得了重大提升，隧道全断面超前注浆作为应对复杂地质的有效施工手段，在岩溶高风险隧道和高压富水断层施工中发挥着越来越重要的作用，实际应用过程中，注浆设计如何与地质紧密结合、合理优化、提高功效、节约投资一直是制约其推广使用的重要因素。
[0003] 传统全断面超前帷幕注浆是由内向外堵水，设计加固圈厚，全断面布孔，钻眼数量多，施工工期长，一循环注浆施工约需45天，时间长，投入大；该注浆方法没有与地质条件紧密结合，注浆效果评定标准与地质适用性确定难；注浆薄弱区界定与处置困难。导致许多工程由于考虑工程工期、投资，转而采用其它方法，导致工程受阻实例层出不穷。
发明内容
[0004] 本发明为了解决现有隧道注浆采用传统的帷幕注浆法，存在加固圈厚、钻眼数量多、施工工期长等问题，提供一种隧道信息化跟踪精确注浆方法。
[0005] 本发明是采用如下技术方案实现的：一种隧道信息化跟踪精确注浆方法，包括以下步骤：
[0006] (1)止浆墙施作
[0007] (2)设置孔口管、注浆管
[0008] (3)测量钻孔涌水
[0009] (4)压水试验
[0010] (5)布孔、钻孔作业
[0011] A、先施作3-5个作为外圈孔的超前地质探孔，分布在拱顶、拱腰及拱脚处，根据超前地质探孔的监测结果探明实际地质情况及水文条件，优化后续布孔设计；B、施作其余外圈孔，为环形布置，注浆加固圈厚度为3. 5〜5m，相邻外圈孔开孔间距为1. 5m，终孔间距为 3m ；C、施作至少一层内圈孔，在外圈孔内侧呈环形布置，注浆加固圈厚度为1. 5〜2m，相邻外圈孔开孔间距为1. 5m，终孔间距为:¾ ；D、施作工作面稳定孔，在工作面上半断面按照相邻孔之间上下左右间距均为1. 5m、且为梅花形的原则布孔；在工作面下半断面按照相邻孔之间上下左右间距均为3. 0m、且为梅花形的原则布孔；E、施作检查孔，根据上述外圈孔、内圈孔、工作面稳定孔的涌水量和注浆量分析结果，布置检查孔，主要布置在地质条件差或注浆薄弱区域的异常孔附近，采用一个异常孔周围布置两个检查孔的原则；F、施作管棚孔，在开挖轮廓线外拱部90°〜120°范围内布孔，布设间距40〜50cm，外插角5°〜7° ；
[0012] 上述步骤中，内圈孔的层数根据注浆、堵水效果确定；超前地质探孔兼注浆孔和检查孔，三孔合一，内圈孔兼外圈孔的检查孔，工作面稳定孔兼内圈孔的检查孔，检查孔兼补充注浆孔，管棚孔兼周边补充注浆孔；
4[0013] (6)注浆作业
[0014] A、注浆顺序：注浆过程按照外堵裂隙、内固围岩，由外及内、间隔跳孔（例如对于外圈孔和内圈孔来说，先对序号为1、3、5、7等孔进行注浆，再对2、4、6、8等孔进行注浆，这样，后者可作为前者的检查孔，检查其注浆效果）的约束法进行注浆顺序控制，具体注浆顺序依次为超前地质探孔-其余外圈孔-内圈孔-工作面稳定孔-检查孔-管棚孔，注浆过程中，内层孔作为外层孔的检查孔，相邻孔互为检查孔；B、注浆方式：采用前进式分段注浆， 分段长度根据出水量及地层破碎程度进行控制：出水量小于Q < IOmVh时，分段长度小于 IOm/段；钻孔出水量10m3/h彡Q < 30m3/h时，按照3_5m/段长度控制；钻孔出水量Q彡30m3/ h时，停止钻进立即进行注浆处理；地层无坍孔，分段长度小于IOm/段；地层出现轻微坍孔，分段长度小于或等于5m/段；地层出现严重坍孔，停止钻进注浆；C、注浆材料选择：以硫铝酸盐水泥单液浆、普通水泥单液浆为主，普通水泥-水玻璃双液浆、超细水泥浆为辅， 其中硫铝酸盐水泥单液浆水灰比为（0.8〜1.¾ ： 1，普通水泥单液浆水灰比为（0.6〜 1.2) ： 1，普通水泥-水玻璃双液浆水灰比为（0.8〜1.¾ ： 1，体积比为1 ： (0.3〜1)， 超细水泥浆水灰比为（0. 8〜1. 2) ： 1 ；
[0015] (7)超前大管棚施工
[0016] 选择围岩较好地段为管棚搭接段落，采用无工作室管棚施工，施工中对搭接段和管棚后段采用小导管加强施作，管棚材料采用Φ76πιπι-Φ108πιπι无缝钢管；
[0017] (8)玻璃纤维锚杆稳定工作面
[0018] 超前注浆结束后，在工作面上半断面的钻孔内放入中空玻璃纤维锚杆并进行注浆施工，使具高抗拉强度的锚杆通过浆液和软弱地层固结成为整体，形成纵向锚固柱。
[0019] 上述步骤中，止浆墙施作，设置孔口管、注浆管，测量钻孔涌水，压水试验等工序均和传统施工方法一样。
[0020] 与传统方法相比，本发明具有以下优点：
[0021] 1、打破了传统施工理念，将注浆设计与地质变化紧密结合，采用“堵裂隙、减少水量；固围岩、稳定地层”新的注浆机理；坚持“超前地质探孔-其余外圈孔-内圈孔-工作面稳定孔-检查孔（注浆补孔）-管棚孔”顺序施作，环环相扣；“超前地质探孔-注浆孔-检查孔互相利用，三孔合_”的注浆原则，设计思路转化使注浆孔减少30-40% (正洞加固圈厚度由8m优化为4-5m，平导加固圈厚度由8m优化为3_4m)；堵大水，堵裂隙水，加固地层，优化帷幕注浆孔数；注浆循环时间由原正洞40-50天提前到25天，平导由原30-40天提前到 20天，注浆快速施工能力有突破，而且减少了注浆量，减少了对周围环境的影响；同时注浆质量的提高，保证了安全快速施工，消除了重大突水突泥事件，最大限度的保护周围环境；
[0022] 2、材料方面，通过采用MC超细水泥浆液，T-C浆液，T浆液施工适用性研究，确定以硫铝酸盐水泥单液浆、普通水泥单液浆为主，普通水泥-水玻璃双液浆、超细水泥浆为辅， 的最优组合，普通水泥和硫铝酸盐水泥方便使用，注浆功效高，价格适中，推广前景好；
[0023] 3、工艺使用方面，对前进式和后退式注浆进行了研究，证明高压富水条件下采用塑料袖阀管和PVC管进行后退式注浆操作难度很大；对注浆步距规律进行了认真研究，一次注浆长度通常选择20-30m，使注浆工艺参数选择有了很大进步；
[0024] 4、无工作间管棚施工技术，取消管棚工作间，直接顶入不侵限位置（顶入处利用上循环大管棚受力）；取消管棚钢筋笼；通过管棚受力监测，一圈管棚受力即能满足要求，优化了原拟定双层管棚加强支护方案，简化了工序，而且对管棚材料进行了优化，从最初的 Φ 108mm无缝钢管+钢筋笼-Φ 108mm无缝钢管-Φ 76mm无缝钢管，不仅节约大量的钢材，而且采用Φ76πιπι管棚比采用Φ 108mm管棚施工速度提高2倍以上；
[0025] 5、施工中首次把注浆法与现有新意法有机结合，基于新意法玻纤锚杆稳定掌子面方法，超前注浆结束后，在工作面上半断面按照相邻孔之间上下左右间距均为1. 5m、且为梅花形的原则布孔，成孔后下入中空玻璃纤维锚杆并进行注浆施工，使具高抗拉强度的锚杆通过浆液和软弱地层固结成为整体，形成纵向“锚固柱”，有效提高开挖面稳定性，方便安全开挖加快施工进度；
[0026] 6、对注浆结束标准进行了深入研究，检查孔单孔每米水量由原标准0. 2L/min · m 放宽到2L/min · m，开挖验证证明效果评定标准合理，认识理念有了很大提高，减少了注浆量，减少了对周围环境的影响。
[0027] 本发明所述的施工方法尤其适用于高压富水断层的隧道施工。 附图说明
[0028] 图1为超前注浆终孔交圈图；
[0029] 图2为钻孔涌水量时间效应图；
[0030] 图3为钻孔注浆量时间效应图；
[0031] 图4为注浆效果评定时浆液固结破碎岩体情况；
[0032] 图5为注浆效果评定时浆液充填裂隙情况；
[0033] 图中：1-超前地质探孔；2-外圈孔；3-内圈孔；4-工作面稳定孔；5-管棚孔。 具体实施方式
[0034] 列举以下工程实例进一步说明本发明所述的注浆方法
[0035] 一、工程简介，齐岳山隧道全长105¾米，最大埋深670米，进出口高差达150米， 隧道穿越齐岳山背斜构造，通过15条断层，3条暗河，设计最大涌水量每天为74. 3万方，齐岳山隧道是目前国内铁路建设中山区铁路隧道的典型代表，岩溶发育和高压突水、突泥的风险程度及处理难度为国内罕见，被国内隧道专家和同行誉为世界级难题，该隧道主要特点是地质条件差，工程风险大，能否安全顺利贯通控制着宜万铁路全线建设安全和工期。
[0036] 二、采用本发明所述方法进行该隧道施工，具体步骤如下：
[0037] (1)止浆墙施作
[0038] 止浆墙采用C25混凝土浇筑，平导厚1. 5m-2. 5m,正洞厚2πΗ3πι，基底嵌入岩层 50cm ；周边预埋1. 5m长的Φ42πιπι导管，止浆墙浇注完成后，通过导管进行注浆，对止浆墙与初期支护间的空隙进行封堵；
[0039] (2)设置孔口管、注浆管
[0040] 钻到预定深度后，停止钻进，退出钻具，利用钻机或人工顶进孔口管，留30厘米在外；管身焊倒刺以增加（抗冲出的）摩阻力，孔口缠麻丝填胶泥，再灌浆充填管外壁与孔壁间隙，固结孔口管。必须注意在高压涌水和高压力注浆时，孔口管必须用锚杆等固定牢靠， 防止高压大水冲出孔口管，或注浆反压射出伤及人员和机械设备。待孔口管固结好后，方可继续钻进，以免钻机震松孔口管。为有效控制突涌水，孔口管前段必须安设高压闸阀。设置孔口管的作用是保护孔壁、导向和防止钻孔突然涌大水。
[0041] (3)测量钻孔涌水
[0042] 测水量，采用孔口管放水容器测量；测水压，采用孔口管安设压力表测量；测涌水位置，采用钻杆米数测量；钻进过程中如果采用水钻，用清水作冲洗液，若钻孔冲出的水量比正常钻进情况下的大、水质异常浑浊或喷射远距离沙石，此时应停止钻进，测定水量、水压和涌水位置，确定处理方案和注浆方式。
[0043] (4)压水试验
[0044] 同时启动两台泵进行注水，先检查混合器是否有串水现象，正常后开始往孔内注水，逐步加大排量，升高压力，当注水压力达到或略大于预定的注水压力，维持2〜3分钟， 检查注浆系统和掌子面有无串漏水现象，如无即可结束注水试验，准备注浆；通过压水试验，检查管路系统、孔口装置及止浆岩盘的密封性能，同时测定注浆段围岩的单位吸水量， 评定围岩的裂隙发育情况，为确定浆液的配合比和注浆量及注入速度提供依据，同时可冲洗疏通裂隙，利于提高注浆效果。
[0045] (5)布孔、钻孔作业，如图1所示，
[0046] A、先施作3-5个作为外圈孔的超前地质探孔1，分布在拱顶、拱腰及拱脚处，通常拱顶布一孔，拱腰、拱脚各两个，根据超前地质探孔的监测结果探明实际地质情况及水文条件，优化后续布孔设计；
[0047] B、施作其余外圈孔2，为环形布置，注浆加固圈厚度为3. 5〜5m，相邻外圈孔开孔间距为1.5m，终孔间距为3m；
[0048] C、施作一层内圈孔3，在外圈孔内侧呈环形布置，注浆加固圈厚度为1.5〜&1，相邻外圈孔开孔间距为1. 5m，终孔间距为:¾ ；
[0049] D、施作工作面稳定孔4，在工作面上半断面按照相邻孔之间上下左右间距均为1. 5m、且为梅花形的原则布孔；在工作面下半断面按照相邻孔之间上下左右间距均为 3. 0m、且为梅花形的原则布孔；
[0050] E、施作检查孔，根据上述外圈孔、内圈孔、工作面稳定孔的涌水量和注浆量分析结果，布置检查孔，主要布置在地质条件差或注浆薄弱区域的异常孔附近，采用一个异常孔周围布置两个检查孔的原则；
[0051] F、施作管棚孔5，在开挖轮廓线外拱部90°〜120°范围内布孔，布设间距40〜 50cm，外插角5°〜7° ；
[0052] 超前地质探孔兼注浆堵水孔、工作面稳定孔兼注浆孔、管棚孔兼注浆孔、检查孔兼补充注浆孔等互相利用，后续孔验证前序孔注浆效果，逐环稳步优化，减少钻孔、注浆数量， 加快循环施工周期。
[0053] 钻孔是注浆施工的第一道工序，钻孔质量的好坏直接影响注浆质量，钻孔速度的快慢制约注浆工期。所以应严格按照设计的钻孔方向、角度、孔径进行钻进，按钻机的操作规程操作。钻机的定位一般是按照计算好的坐标位置就位的。注浆钻孔在掌子面的位置， 预先设定钻机位置（高度、离掌子面的距离、偏中距），然后根据终孔位置、孔长等计算出每个钻孔在掌子面的坐标值和钻孔的倾角、偏角。
[0054] (6)注浆作业
[0055] A、注浆顺序：注浆过程按照外堵裂隙、内固围岩，由外及内、间隔跳孔的约束法进行注浆顺序控制，具体注浆顺序依次为超前地质探孔-其余外圈孔-内圈孔-工作面稳定孔-检查孔-管棚孔，注浆过程中，内层孔作为外层孔的检查孔，相邻孔互为检查孔；
[0056] B、注浆方式：采用前进式分段注浆，分段长度根据出水量及地层破碎程度进行控制：出水量小于Q< 10m3/h时，分段长度小于IOm/段；钻孔出水量10m3/h彡Q < 30m3/h时， 按照3-5m/段长度控制；钻孔出水量Q > 30m3/h时，停止钻进立即进行注浆处理；地层无坍孔，分段长度小于IOm/段；地层出现轻微坍孔，分段长度小于或等于5m/段；地层出现严重坍孔，停止钻进注浆；
[0057] C、注浆材料选择：以硫铝酸盐水泥单液浆、普通水泥单液浆为主，普通水泥-水玻璃双液浆、超细水泥浆为辅，其中硫铝酸盐水泥单液浆水灰比为（0.8〜1.¾ ： 1，普通水泥单液浆水灰比为（0.6〜1.2) ： 1，普通水泥-水玻璃双液浆水灰比为（0.8〜1.2) ： 1， 体积比为1 ： (0. 3〜1)，超细水泥浆水灰比为（0. 8〜1. 2) ： 1 ；
[0058] (7)超前大管棚施工
[0059] 常规洞内大管棚施工，为了满足钻孔设备工作要求，必须沿开挖轮廓线扩大60〜 80cm(10-15m长采用大钻机时）作为管棚施工工作间，不仅开挖工作量相当大，且在对于软弱地层扩大断面开挖风险性极高。
[0060] 为了提高施工效率，避免软弱破碎地层开挖工作间的高风险和额外的开挖工程量，施工中通对地层分析，合理优化注浆管棚施工段长，选择围岩较好地段为管棚搭接段落，采用无工作室管棚施工，施工中对搭接段和管棚后段采用小导管加强施作，管棚材料采用Φ 76mm-Φ 108mm无缝钢管。具体施工步骤如下：
[0061] A.管棚加工：大管棚采用直径Φ76πιπι-Φ108πιπι、壁厚7mm〜9mm无缝钢管加工，每节长6〜10m，采用丝扣法或内套钢管焊接连接，每根管棚前端加工成椎形尖端并封闭，便于管棚安设。管壁梅花形布设Φ8πιπι溢浆孔，孔间距50cm，每根管棚末端一节不布设溢浆孔；
[0062] B.管棚施工：沿大管棚导向管调整好钻孔角度，采用Φ90πιπι〜Φ125πιπι钻头钻进引孔到设计长度。引孔完成后采用清水洗孔排渣后退出钻杆，根据设计长度下入管棚。对管棚侵限段不下入管棚（采用玻纤锚杆代替，受力依靠上循环管棚），通过钻机直接将管棚顶到开挖轮廓线外；
[0063] C.管棚安设完成后进行全孔一次性管棚注浆；
[0064] D.管棚孔兼注浆孔前期注浆按注浆分段原则操作，注浆完后洗孔，满足注浆效果要求后，下入管棚进行全孔一次性注浆；
[0065] (8)玻璃纤维锚杆稳定工作面
[0066] 传统帷幕注浆和周边超前管棚施工完成后，最大的危险就是防止开挖工作面前方因高水压作用失稳以及防止开挖面临空局部垮塌，因此必须采取有效的措施稳定工作面， 本发明在施工中首次把注浆法与现有“新意法”有机结合，超前注浆结束后，在工作面上半断面的钻孔内放入中空玻璃纤维锚杆并进行注浆施工，使具高抗拉强度的锚杆通过浆液和软弱地层固结成为整体，形成纵向锚固柱。有效提高开挖面稳定性，方便安全开挖，加快施工进度。多个循环开挖揭示验证，采用玻璃纤维锚杆加固对稳定掌子面具有明显作用。
[0067] 按照上述工序，不断循环开挖，注浆，即完成整个隧道的施工。
[0068] 三、注浆效果评定方法及标准[0069] A、分析法
[0070] (1)钻孔涌水量分析
[0071] 通过对注浆施工段内水量横断面及纵向分布情况的监测，明确出水区域，有针对性的加强注浆施工，注浆方式、工艺依据水量分布进行动态调整，提高堵水率。并作为结束后的重点检查及补充注浆区域，并在开挖施工过程中加强支护和补充注浆。
[0072] (2)钻孔涌水量时间效应分析
[0073] 以施工过程中各钻孔施工顺序及单孔最大涌水量绘制钻孔水量时间效应图和单孔注浆量图进行对比分析，如图2、图3所示。从图中可得出：
[0074] ①地层吸浆量与涌水量，具有明显的对应关系，符合地层加固堵水机理；
[0075] ②钻孔水量随着时间有明显的递减效应，说明达到堵水目的；
[0076] ③地层吸浆量随时间减小，空隙率逐渐减小，地层逐渐密实，达到充填裂隙，固结围岩的目的。
[0077] (3) P-Q-T 曲线分析
[0078] 通过注浆施工过程绘制的P-Q-T曲线分析，浆液流量及注浆压力随时间变化符合充填裂隙、封堵涌水的注浆机理，若曲线发生异常变化，应及时分析查找原因，制定对策，保证注浆质量。
[0079] (4)注浆堵水率分析
[0080] 以斜井工区正洞第2循环钻孔注浆施工为例，对施工过程不同阶段钻孔中最大涌水量进行统计分析各阶段的堵水率如表1所示。
[0081 ] 表1各阶段注浆堵水率表 [0082]
9
h，堵水率达到45% ；随着由外及内注浆施工的逐渐推进，二圈孔施工完成后堵水率达到 83. 6% ；补充注浆孔后，检查孔施工过程堵水率达到97. 8%，达到了预期的堵水效果。
[0084] 由外及内的施工工序，后续钻孔出水量减小后，有利于快速施工，也达到了约束注浆的目的。
[0085] B、检查孔法
[0086] (1)检查孔出水量分析
[0087] 注浆结束后，根据钻孔注浆施工过程出水区域分布及注浆量分布情况，在薄弱区域进行钻孔检查，检查孔出水量是主要的评价标准，现有设计检查孔出水量标准为0. 2L/ min. m。在平导第一循环试验段钻孔注浆施工过程，注浆结束后经过分析法评定已经满足注浆效果，但检查孔水量均在2L/min.m左右，为设计检查标准的10倍。后经过反复补充注浆，在出水量大的区域共补设注浆孔41个，但注浆量较少，钻孔出水量基本保持不变，后经过采用超细水泥继续进行补充注浆仍未能达到设计要求。
[0088] 综合以上几种效果检查及评定方法对注浆效果分析：
[0089] ①通过注浆涌水裂隙得到有效封堵，检查孔水量明显减小，未出现坍孔现象。
[0090] ②该循环注浆纵向浆液量分布比较均勻，但由于地层裂隙分布的不规则决定浆液在地层中扩散很不均勻，即使反复注浆也难以封堵所有裂隙，因此局部仍然存在细小的渗水裂隙，在高压作用下仍表现为局部渗水，所以检查孔出水量达到0. 2L/min · m是比较困难的。
[0091] ③根据钻孔角度和钻孔深度，大部分出水点在纵向15m后，径向:¾外，且结合检查孔及取芯孔钻进速度分析，通过注浆后地层密实度较高，检查孔完成后将进行环向间距 30cm的Φ 108mm管棚施作并进行管棚注浆，在超前管棚支护及注浆帷幕共同作用下，注浆效果基本满足开挖施工要求，可以进行试验性开挖。
[0092] 结合类似工程如重庆高速公路方斗山隧道等相似工程，开挖掘进过程中均遭遇到断层破碎带，水量和水压力较大，原设计全断面超前预注浆结束后检查孔评定标准为0. 2L/ min · m，实际施工中注浆结束后，检查孔出水量均远超过设计评定标准，考虑到断层地质的复杂性质及工期和成本要求，按照在满足开挖要求的前提下，实际施工过程中对注浆标准进行适当调整后，开挖过程中均安全通过断层带。
[0093] 根据该断层地质情况并结合其它类似工程钻孔注浆效果检查及开挖施工情况类比，提出检查孔出水量建议标准。
[0094] ①单孔出水量不大于2L/min · m，水质较清。
[0095] ②检查孔不坍孔，涌泥涌砂。
[0096] 提高检查孔出水量标准为2L/min. m开挖，经开挖揭示完全满足安全开挖要求。说明2L/min.m的检查孔出水量控制标准是符合高压富水断层破碎带地质特点。
[0097] (2)钻孔取芯
[0098] 通过钻孔取芯，分析浆液对破碎地层的固结程度，为开挖施工提供依据，如图4所示，固结效果较好；
[0099] (3)孔内摄像
[0100] 利用孔内摄像进行注浆效果评定，能够较为直观的对浆液充填度和地层的稳定性质以及出水情况进行分析判识，是一种操作方便实用的方法，如图5所示，成孔情况及浆液充填裂隙情况均达到要求。
Claims (1)
1. 一种隧道信息化跟踪精确注浆方法，其特征是包括以下步骤：(1)止浆墙施作止浆墙采用C25混凝土浇筑，平导厚1. 5m-2. 5m,正洞厚2πΗ3πι，基底嵌入岩层50cm ；周边预埋1. 5m长的Φ42πιπι导管，止浆墙浇注完成后，通过导管进行注浆，对止浆墙与初期支护间的空隙进行封堵；(2)设置孔口管、注浆管钻到预定深度后，停止钻进，退出钻具，利用钻机或人工顶进孔口管，留30厘米在外； 管身焊倒刺，孔口缠麻丝填胶泥，再灌浆充填管外壁与孔壁间隙，固结孔口管，待孔口管固结好后，方可继续钻进；(3)测量钻孔涌水测水量，采用孔口管放水容器测量；测水压，采用孔口管安设压力表测量；测涌水位置，采用钻杆米数测量；钻进过程中如果采用水钻，用清水作冲洗液，若钻孔冲出的水量比正常钻进情况下的大、水质异常浑浊或喷射远距离沙石，此时应停止钻进，测定水量、水压和涌水位置，确定处理方案和注浆方式；(4)压水试验同时启动两台泵进行注水，先检查混合器是否有串水现象，正常后开始往孔内注水，逐步加大排量，升高压力，当注水压力达到或略大于预定的注水压力，维持2〜3分钟，检查注浆系统和掌子面有无串漏水现象，如无即可结束注水试验，准备注浆；(5)布孔、钻孔作业Α、先施作3-5个作为外圈孔的超前地质探孔（1)，分布在拱顶、拱腰及拱脚处，根据超前地质探孔的监测结果探明实际地质情况及水文条件，优化后续布孔设计；B、施作其余外圈孔O)，为环形布置，注浆加固圈厚度为3. 5〜5m，相邻外圈孔开孔间距为1.5m，终孔间距为3m；C、施作至少一层内圈孔（3)，在外圈孔内侧呈环形布置，注浆加固圈厚度为1.5〜2m， 相邻外圈孔开孔间距为1. 5m，终孔间距为:¾ ；D、施作工作面稳定孔G)，在工作面上半断面按照相邻孔之间上下左右间距均为 1.5m、且为梅花形的原则布孔；在工作面下半断面按照相邻孔之间上下左右间距均为 3. 0m、且为梅花形的原则布孔；E、施作检查孔，根据上述外圈孔、内圈孔、工作面稳定孔的涌水量和注浆量分析结果， 布置检查孔，主要布置在地质条件差或注浆薄弱区域的异常孔附近，采用一个异常孔周围布置两个检查孔的原则；F、施作管棚孔（5)，在开挖轮廓线外拱部90°〜120°范围内布孔，布设间距40〜 50cm，外插角5°〜7° ；(6)注浆作业A、注浆顺序：注浆过程按照外堵裂隙、内固围岩，由外及内、间隔跳孔的约束法进行注浆顺序控制，具体注浆顺序依次为超前地质探孔-其余外圈孔-内圈孔-工作面稳定孔-检查孔-管棚孔，注浆过程中，内层孔作为外层孔的检查孔，相邻孔互为检查孔；B、注浆方式：采用前进式分段注浆，分段长度根据出水量及地层破碎程度进行控制： 出水量Q < IOmVh时，分段长度小于IOm/段；钻孔出水量10m3/h彡Q < 30m3/h时，按照3_5m/段长度控制；钻孔出水量Q>30m3/h时，停止钻进立即进行注浆处理；地层无坍孔，分段长度小于IOm/段；地层出现轻微坍孔，分段长度小于或等于5m/段；地层出现严重坍孔， 停止钻进注浆；C、注浆材料选择：以硫铝酸盐水泥单液浆、普通水泥单液浆为主，普通水泥-水玻璃双液浆、超细水泥浆为辅，其中硫铝酸盐水泥单液浆水灰比为（0.8〜1.¾ ： 1，普通水泥单液浆水灰比为（0. 6〜1.幻：1，普通水泥-水玻璃双液浆水灰比为（0. 8〜1.幻：1，体积比为1 ： (0.3〜1)，超细水泥浆水灰比为（0.8〜1.2) ： 1 ；(7)超前大管棚施工选择围岩较好地段为管棚搭接段落，采用无工作室管棚施工，施工中对搭接段和管棚后段采用小导管加强施作，管棚材料采用Φ76πιπι-Φ108πιπι无缝钢管；(8)玻璃纤维锚杆稳定工作面超前注浆结束后，在工作面上半断面的钻孔内放入中空玻璃纤维锚杆并进行注浆施工，使具高抗拉强度的锚杆通过浆液和软弱地层固结成为整体，形成纵向锚固柱。
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