CN101827697A - 用于连续制备由植物材料细末和热塑性材料制成的挤出物的方法和装置 - Google Patents

用于连续制备由植物材料细末和热塑性材料制成的挤出物的方法和装置 Download PDF

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CN101827697A
CN101827697A CN200880112179A CN200880112179A CN101827697A CN 101827697 A CN101827697 A CN 101827697A CN 200880112179 A CN200880112179 A CN 200880112179A CN 200880112179 A CN200880112179 A CN 200880112179A CN 101827697 A CN101827697 A CN 101827697A
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vegetable material
extrusion device
thermoplastic
extruder
extrudate
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CN101827697B (zh
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迪特尔·特韦斯
安德列亚斯·雷曼
斯特凡·法伊格
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Reifenhaeuser GmbH and Co KG Maschinenenfabrik
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/285Feeding the extrusion material to the extruder
    • B29C48/288Feeding the extrusion material to the extruder in solid form, e.g. powder or granules
    • B29C48/2886Feeding the extrusion material to the extruder in solid form, e.g. powder or granules of fibrous, filamentary or filling materials, e.g. thin fibrous reinforcements or fillers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/375Plasticisers, homogenisers or feeders comprising two or more stages
    • B29C48/38Plasticisers, homogenisers or feeders comprising two or more stages using two or more serially arranged screws in the same barrel
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C48/375Plasticisers, homogenisers or feeders comprising two or more stages
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    • B29C48/375Plasticisers, homogenisers or feeders comprising two or more stages
    • B29C48/39Plasticisers, homogenisers or feeders comprising two or more stages a first extruder feeding the melt into an intermediate location of a second extruder
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    • B29C48/395Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
    • B29C48/40Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders
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    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/285Feeding the extrusion material to the extruder
    • B29C48/297Feeding the extrusion material to the extruder at several locations, e.g. using several hoppers or using a separate additive feeding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50Details of extruders
    • B29C48/76Venting, drying means; Degassing means
    • B29C48/765Venting, drying means; Degassing means in the extruder apparatus
    • B29C48/766Venting, drying means; Degassing means in the extruder apparatus in screw extruders
    • B29C48/767Venting, drying means; Degassing means in the extruder apparatus in screw extruders through a degassing opening of a barrel
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/88Thermal treatment of the stream of extruded material, e.g. cooling
    • B29C48/911Cooling
    • B29C48/9135Cooling of flat articles, e.g. using specially adapted supporting means
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29K2023/00Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
    • B29K2023/04Polymers of ethylene
    • B29K2023/06PE, i.e. polyethylene
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于连续制备由植物材料细末和热塑性材料制成的挤出物的方法及装置,其中,在挤出方向(E)上观察,在设置成双螺杆挤出机的挤出装置(1)中首先导入植物材料细末,然后再导入热塑性材料,将导入的材料彼此混合、排气并一起从所述挤出装置(1)中在形成挤出物(6)的状态下挤出,而且使所述植物材料包埋在热塑性材料中,其中在一个共同的位置上或者两个彼此紧挨着相继的位置上将所述植物材料和热塑性材料导入所述挤出装置(1)中,所述热塑性材料在导入挤出装置(1)之前于单独的塑化挤出机(4)中进行塑化并从所述塑化挤出机以塑化的状态导入到所述挤出装置(1),而且接下来使所述植物材料与所述热塑性材料一起进行排气。

Description

用于连续制备由植物材料细末和热塑性材料制成的挤出物的方法和装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于连续制备由植物材料细末和热塑性材料制成的挤出物的方法,其中,在挤出方向上观察,在设置成双螺杆挤出机的挤出装置中首先导入植物材料细末,然后再导入热塑性材料,将导入的材料彼此混合、排气并一起从挤出装置中在形成挤出物的状态下挤出,其中使所述植物材料包埋在所述热塑性材料中。
背景技术
已知挤出物例如为连续制备的成型体(
Figure GPA00001103631900011
)的形状,该成型体诸如为来自于包埋在热塑性材料中的植物材料细末的型材(Profile)、薄板和类似物,并且挤出物通常被称作WPC(木-塑料-复合物)。
WPC挤出物一般这样构成:50至90%的木纤维或木屑份额,以及塑料基质,该塑料基质由聚丙烯(PP)或者偶尔由聚乙烯(PE)构成。相对于纯木材,WPC挤出物具备下述优点:材料灵活的三维成型性和明显更大的抗潮性。相对于全塑料,WPC挤出物同样具备优点,即,例如更高的刚性和明显更低的热膨胀系数。这种WPC成型体的应用例子有例如作为外地面涂层的木质替代物,以及在建筑领域和家具工业的应用。
制备这种WPC挤出物的方法过程不是统一的,在该挤出物中,理想地应该使植物材料完全包埋在所述热塑性材料中,所述热塑性材料因而构成载体基质。
从文献DE 10016508A1这样已知,首先将塑料物质导入挤出装置,而且在挤出装置中将所述塑料物质压缩并塑化,然后将纤维给料到塑料熔化物中,从而接下来使纤维与塑料物质进行均质化处理并挤出成挤出物。
从文献DE 19860836C1已知一种这样的方法,其中,首先将植物材料导入挤出机,并经一段时间独自地、就是说不加热塑性材料地在挤出机内运输,在此情况下进行加热和压缩,由此进行脱湿处理,然后才加入塑料物质。
产量效率对WPC挤出物的经济化生产起决定性作用,鉴于可达到的产量效率,前述方法是值得改进的,并且前述方法另外对所采用植物材料的质量也提出了高要求,特别是对其湿度含量要求较高,而且在产品质量波动时会导致这样的困难,大致如下:导入的植物材料倾向于在热塑性材料中形成结块并由此不可能实现如愿的材料均质化。
发明内容
因而本发明的任务是,提供一种方法以及装置,用其可以克服前面所描述的现有技术的缺点。
为解决所提出的任务,本发明提供了一种根据权利要求1所述特征的方法。权利要求9提供一种根据本发明的装置的技术方案。
从属权利要求提供了本发明技术方案的其它结构和各个部分。
根据本发明的技术方案可知,在一个共同的或者两个彼此紧挨着相继的位置上将植物材料和热塑性材料导入所述挤出装置中,其中所述热塑性材料在导入所述挤出装置之前于单独的塑化挤出机中进行塑化,并从该塑化挤出机中以塑化的状态导入到所述挤出装置,而且接下来使挤出装置中的植物材料与热塑性材料一起进行排气。
在此基础上根据本发明的技术方案,首先将植物材料细末导入设置成双螺杆挤出机的挤出装置,然而紧接着或者同时将热塑性材料导入设置成双螺杆挤出机的挤出装置,其中,所述热塑性材料已经在一个单独的塑化挤出机中塑化并因此作为熔化物以液体或者至少是以膏状的形式、在塑化挤出机的压力作用下导入所述挤出装置。
使植物材料和热塑性材料同时或者彼此紧挨着相继进行导入,根据本发明作如下理解:从挤出方向上观察,在同一位置或者两个彼此紧挨着相继的位置上将所述植物材料和所述热塑性材料导入所述挤出装置,从而因此不再需要:将首先导入的植物材料经一定距离在挤出方向上进行单独运输并经受例如脱湿的处理步骤。用于所述植物材料细末和所述热塑性材料的彼此紧挨着相继的导入位置的间距仅根据构造的现实情况大约通过这样的方法来确定,即,在挤出方向上观察使两个分别具有各自适宜直径的导入管紧挨着前后地设置。在本发明的意义上,“彼此紧挨着相继”在此理解为从仅数个mm至1-2d的距离,其中d表示挤出机螺杆的直径。
但是在每种情况下都将所述植物材料和热塑性材料一起导入所谓的挤出机进入区域中,其中,所述热塑性材料事先已经在所述塑化挤出机中完全熔化并从那里以液体或者膏状的熔化物形式在压力作用下导入所述挤出装置。
所述在塑化挤出机出口侧生成的压力优选为少于20bar,优选约10至15bar,利用该压力将塑化的热塑性材料导入所述挤出装置。
由于所述植物材料细末和热塑性材料的单独导入位置在所述挤出装置进入区域内尽可能地彼此贴近,因此也可以考虑采用颠倒的顺序,就是说首先将已经在塑化状态下的热塑性材料导入挤出装置,然后紧接着或者同时将所述植物材料细末导入所述挤出装置。
所采用的热塑性材料优选为聚烯烃,例如聚丙烯或者还有高密度聚乙烯。也可以采用其他的热塑性材料,例如聚酰胺或者聚氯乙烯。
所述植物材料可以为大量可供给的木纤维或者木屑、谷物纤维、秸秆、诸如椰子和棕榈纤维的天然纤维以及还有MDF-碎屑。这些植物材料可以单独使用或者以其混合物形式来使用。
导入的植物材料份额合计至少50%,优选至少70%,那么剩下的份额由热塑性材料以及可能有其它的加工辅料构成。
所述植物材料的平均颗粒尺寸小于4mm,从而实现良好地均质化。
根据本发明的方法对所采用的植物材料的湿度仅提出少量要求。根据本发明可知,所述植物材料具有少于10%的湿度含量,优选5至8%。在市场可获得的植物材料一般具有这样的湿度,正如这些植物材本来在本发明装置中的使用可知,那么本发明的方法无需为所采用的植物材料进行额外的脱湿步骤。
根据本发明,植物材料中含有的湿气在所述挤出装置中通过排气被排出,其中,至脱气时所述植物材料已经与以塑化状态导入的热塑性材料相混合。
为能够对所制备的挤出物的一定的产品特性产生影响并简化加工,可以在导入挤出装置之前另外将至少一种添加剂或者加工辅料混入植物材料中,并且然后与所述植物材料一起带入到挤出装置中,所述添加剂如UV-稳定剂、抗沉积剂、杀真菌剂、植物保护剂、防火剂、着色剂,所述加工辅料如润滑剂。
一种在本发明的范围内提供的装置,其特别适用于实施本发明的方法,其特征在于,它具有设置成双螺杆挤出机的挤出装置,所述挤出装置设有进料口、出料口、对应于进料口且用于植物材料和热塑性材料的导入装置以及设置在进料口和出料口之间的排气口。所述导入装置具有两个在挤出方向上紧挨着相继的导入通道,其中一个与用于植物材料的计量站相连,而另一个与用于热塑性材料的塑化挤出机相连。
优选沿挤出方向观察第一导入通道用于导入植物材料,并且因此从那里该第一导入通道与植物材料的计量站连接,而且将紧挨着相继的第二导入通道与用于热塑性材料的塑化挤出机连接。然而也可以选择相反的设置。
根据本发明的技术方案,所述挤出装置包括具有相对旋转的螺杆的双螺杆挤出机,所述螺杆优选相互啮合。
根据本发明的另一技术方案,所述挤出装置也可由具同方向转动的螺杆的双螺杆挤出机构成。如果这样的以同方向转动的螺杆进行工作的双螺杆挤出机的压力能力不够,那么在这种情况下可以紧接着在后面设置一个熔体泵,以便产生足够的压力,用以使挤出物从相应的模具中挤出。
根据本发明的技术方案,为塑化和将已经塑化的热塑性材料带入挤出装置的塑化挤出机设置成单螺杆挤出机,并且通过一个可加热的连接管与所述导入装置相连。
可替换地,作为塑化挤出机也可采用多螺杆挤出机,特别是双螺杆挤出机,如此实现了,不仅将热塑性材料进行塑化,而且在需要时将填充剂和添加剂加入到热塑性材料中。这样作为塑化挤出机所使用的双螺杆挤出机可以装备同方向或者相对旋转工作的螺杆。例如以相对旋转的螺杆进行工作的双螺杆塑化挤出机特别适用于PVC干混合物的加工。
所述计量站可以具有至少一个用于植物材料组分的计量容器,其中还可以通过设置相应的多个用于植物材料组分的计量容器将多个不同的植物材料组分一起加工。另外,所述计量站优选具有一个计量单元,通过该计量单元可以将着色剂、添加剂和/或加工辅料注入,并从那里和所述植物材料组分一起导入所述挤出装置。
附图说明
下面根据表明实施例的附图阐明了本发明的进一步的结构和各个部分:
图1示出了挤出装置1的极为简化的示意图,该挤出装置设置成具有相对旋转的且彼此相互啮合的螺杆的双螺杆挤出机。
具体实施方式
挤出装置1在它的一端具有待加工材料的进料口10,而在另一端具有出料口11,将未详细说明的模具5设置在该出料口之后,所形成的挤出物6在箭头方向P对应的箭头E表示的挤出方向上从该模具中挤出。
可以进一步理解为,独立于挤出装置1而在前设置有塑化挤出机4以及计量装置3,这两者以下面进一步描述的方式与挤出装置1的进料口10相连。
挤出装置1的进料口10配备了导入装置2,该导入装置具有两个导入通道,即沿挤出方向观察为第一输入管道20和紧紧相继设置的第二导入通道21。由于导入通道20、21两者都经进料口10与挤出装置1相连,因此经导入通道20、21导入的材料以所选择的顺序抵达挤出机的进入区域,该进入区域在图1中用Z1表示。
沿挤出方向观察的第一导入通道20经连接管34与计量站3相连,该计量站具有多个计量容器、在此具有两个计量容器30、31,所述计量容器用于待加工植物材料细末的组分,该计量站还额外包括多个计量单元、在此包括两个计量单元32、33,所述计量单元用于着色剂、添加剂和/或加工辅料。计量站3的所有组分一起经由连接管34和第一导入通道20被导入挤出装置1。
另外将单独在前设置的塑化挤出机4通过装料装置40用待加工的热塑性材料进行装料,所述塑化挤出机例如为单螺杆挤出机,所述热塑性材料例如为纯聚丙烯。塑化挤出机4由此以通常而且已知的方式将纯聚丙烯制成聚丙烯熔化物,塑化挤出机4将该聚丙烯熔化物在例如10至15bar的适宜压力下经加热的连接管41导入挤出装置1的导入装置2的第二导入通道21。
就此而言,熔化的和塑化的热塑性材料的带入同样在挤出装置1的进入区域Z1进行,而且紧跟在植物材料以及在必要情况下的其它添加剂、着色剂和/或加工辅料经连接管34和第一导入通道20的导入之后。
两个导入通道20、21之间的距离为约1-2d,其中d表示挤出装置1的双螺杆挤出机的未示出的螺杆的直径。
按照挤出装置1的双螺杆挤出机沿箭头方向E的工作方式,然后在第二区域Z2中将所有由Z1区域提供的混合物均质化,其中,在导入的植物材料中的湿度通过排气口12相对于环境压力而去除,该排气口设置于挤出装置1的进料口10和出料口11之间。事实上所包含的湿气经排气口12沿箭头F排出。
将由植物材料和热塑性材料构成的混合物在另一个、在此未详细示出的区域Z3中进一步混合,并在高压下通过未详细的挤出模具5挤出成所预期的绳状挤出物6,该绳状挤出物沿箭头方向P离开挤出装置1。
可以理解为,在挤出装置1之后可以跟着设置更多其它的处理站,例如可调温的成型板、冷却段、喷水箱和裁切装置以及类似装置。
实施例:
作为塑化装置1采用
Figure GPA00001103631900071
公司的BT 75-30D系列的双螺杆挤出机,其螺杆直径为75mm而L/D比例为30,其具有相对旋转啮合的螺杆对。
在一个单螺杆塑化挤出机中将量为所得到的挤出物的20%的热塑性材料塑化并导入挤出装置,而另一方面将80%的细末状木屑导入所述挤出装置,木屑的平均颗粒尺寸<4mm。
这两种材料被一起挤出为型材形状的WPC挤出物,而且以大约1.5m/分钟的速度和大约2.5kg/m的型材重量。
所得到的挤出物的特征在于:所导入植物材料在热塑性材料中的出色的均质性和良好的形状稳定性。

Claims (17)

1.一种用于连续制备由植物材料细末和热塑性材料制成的挤出物的方法,其中,在挤出方向(E)上观察,在设置成双螺杆挤出机的挤出装置(1)中首先导入植物材料细末,然后再导入热塑性材料,将导入的材料彼此混合、排气并一起从挤出装置(1)中在形成挤出物(6)的状态下挤出,而且使所述植物材料包埋在热塑性材料中,其特征在于,在一个共同的位置上或者两个彼此紧挨着相继的位置上将植物材料和热塑性材料导入挤出装置(1)中,所述热塑性材料在导入挤出装置(1)之前于单独的塑化挤出机(4)中进行塑化并从所述塑化挤出机以塑化的状态导入到所述挤出装置(1),而且接下来使所述植物材料与所述热塑性材料一起进行排气。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述热塑性材料为聚烯烃。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,将所述植物材料以至少50%的份额导入所述挤出装置。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述植物材料具有小于4mm的平均颗粒尺寸。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述植物材料具有少于10%的湿度含量,优选5至8%。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,使位于所述挤出装置(1)中的植物材料与所述热塑性材料一起向大气压排气。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述植物材料由多种组分构成。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,在导入挤出装置(1)前将添加剂、着色剂和/或加工辅料混入所述植物材料中。
9.一种用于连续制备由植物材料细末和热塑性材料制成的挤出物的装置,其包括设置成双螺杆挤出机的挤出装置(1),所述挤出装置设有进料口(10)、出料口(11)、对应于进料口(10)且用于植物材料和热塑性材料的导入装置(2)以及设置在进料口和出料口(10、11)之间的排气口(12),其特征在于,所述导入装置(2)具有两个在挤出方向上紧挨着相继的导入通道(20、21),其中沿挤出方向(E)观察的第一导入通道(20)与用于植物材料的计量站(3)连接,而紧挨着相继的第二导入通道(21)与用于热塑性材料的塑化挤出机(4)连接。
10.根据权利要求9所述的装置,其特征在于,在挤出方向观察,所述导入通道(20、21)之间具有最大为2d的距离,其中,d表示所述挤出装置(1)的螺杆直径。
11.根据权利要求9或10所述的装置,其特征在于,所述挤出装置(1)设置成具有相对旋转的螺杆的双螺杆挤出机。
12.根据权利要求9或10所述的装置,其特征在于,所述挤出装置(1)设置成具有同方向旋转的螺杆的双螺杆挤出机。
13.根据权利要求12所述的装置,其特征在于,在所述双螺杆挤出机之后设有熔体泵。
14.根据权利要求9至13中任一项所述的装置,其特征在于,所述塑化挤出机(4)设置成单螺杆挤出机。
15.根据权利要求9至13中任一项所述的装置,其特征在于,所述塑化挤出机(4)设置成具有相同或相对方向旋转的螺杆的双螺杆挤出机。
16.根据权利要求14或15中任一项所述的装置,其特征在于,所述塑化挤出机(4)通过可加热的连接管(41)与所述导入装置相连。
17.根据权利要求9至16中任一项所述的装置,其特征在于,所述计量站(3)具有至少一个用于植物材料组分的计量容器(30、31)以及至少一个用于着色剂、添加剂和/或加工辅料的计量单元(32、33)。
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CA2702374C (en) 2015-11-17
CA2702374A1 (en) 2009-04-30
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