CN101825276B - Energy-saving environment-friendly liquid slag removal type coal-fired heating system - Google Patents
Energy-saving environment-friendly liquid slag removal type coal-fired heating system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an energy-saving environment-friendly liquid slag removal type coal-fired heating system, which comprises a pulverized coal feeding device, an air distribution device, an ignition device, a liquid and slag collection device, a burning-out chamber, a high-temperature air preheater, a plurality of air and smoke pipes and a vertical liquid slag removal type pulverized coal combustor, wherein the vertical liquid slag removal type pulverized coal combustor is communicated with the burning-out chamber. The pulverized coal inlet, the oil inlet and the air inlet of the combustor are respectively connected with the pulverized coal feeding device, the ignition device and the air distribution device through pipes. A secondary prewhirling chamber, a combustion chamber and a slag removal chamber are sequentially and vertically communicated in the combustor. The slag removal chamber is connected with a liquid collection device. The side wall of the lower part of the combustion chamber is horizontally and axially communicated with a combustor flame outlet which is arranged in a direction consistent with secondary air whirling direction and is tangent with the inner wall surface of the combustor. The outlet of the combustor flame outlet is connected with a high-temperature smoke inlet. A high-temperature smoke outlet is arranged at the top end of the burning-out chamber and the bottom end of the burning-out chamber is connected with a solid slag collection section. The high-temperature air preheater is arranged on the high-temperature smoke outlet. Moreover, the system additionally comprises a heat supply pipe communicated with the high-temperature air preheater. The entire coal-fired heating system is connected with a heating device through the heat supply pipe arranged above the high-temperature air preheater.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of industrial kiln pulverized coal combustion system, particularly a kind ofly be used to heat, the energy-saving environment-friendly liquid slag removal type coal-fired heating system of dry applications.
Background technology
In industrial hot blast heating, dry field, multiple mode of heatings such as fire coal, oil, natural gas, water-coal-slurry, coal gas gasification appearred, patent 87211558U, 2092716U, 1216814A, 1103477A, 2847048Y, 2191971Y, 2540597Y, 2328959Y, 201129853Y, 201355121Y, 201331176Y etc. have described concrete enforcement structure, and have much obtained commercial Application.But in actual motion, also there are a lot of distinct issues.
Wherein, the mode automaticity of combustion diesel oil, heavy oil or natural gas is good, but fuel cost is very high, and general medium-sized and small enterprises are difficult to bear;
Traditional lump coal (or broken coal) grate firing combustion system is seriously polluted, flying dust in the flue gas reaches and does not fire the quality that coke has influenced heated product, and in order to improve the cleanliness factor of flue gas, have to be provided with huge grey expansion chamber or special ash handling equipment, increase cost of investment greatly, also reduced the thermal efficiency of system;
Water-coal-slurry preparation, transportation and storage process are complicated, simultaneously owing to contain a large amount of moisture in the water-coal-slurry, its evaporation gasification has consumed a large amount of energy, ignition time and distance directly wash away burner hearth easily and cause coking, and water-coal-slurry hot-blast stove fire box temperature is lower in addition, easily cause the burnout rate of pulverized coal particle not high, flying dust and not fire the ratio of coke still bigger, therefore in the process of practical operation, very harsh for the requirement of physicochemical characteristics such as coal ash content, calorific value, moisture in the flue gas;
The coal gasification combustion mode is invested height, there is potential safety hazard, simultaneously the mode energy efficiency of indirect utilization coal is lower, this be cost to reduce energy utilization rate, realize that the mode of clean burning is inappropriate, can not really realize the doulbe-sides' victory of " energy-conservation " and " reduction of discharging ".
Therefore, above-mentioned warm-air supply technology or equipment also are far from reaching country or regional energy-saving and emission-reduction, reduce the requirement that oil (gas) consumes in application, still need bigger improvement.Take all factors into consideration from China's energy resource structure, enterprise's acceptance level and efficiency of heating surface equal angles, coal dust directly burning is most economical effective mode of heating, but key will solve the contamination of products problem that direct burning brings exactly, develops the coal-fired heating system of a kind of real realization " efficient burning " and " low pollution emission ".
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the variety of issue that prior art exists, a kind of energy-saving environment-friendly liquid slag removal type coal-fired heating system is provided, have advantages such as conventional pollutant emissions such as efficiency of combustion and thermal efficiency height, flying dust are low, system's operating maintenance is convenient, heat supply temperature is adjustable, be specially adapted to purposes such as industry heating, drying.
For realizing above purpose, the present invention has taked following technical scheme: a kind of energy-saving environment-friendly liquid slag removal type coal-fired heating system, comprise to powder device, air distribution device, igniter, melt cinder gathering-device, secondary furnace, high-temperature air preheater and a plurality of wind and smoke pipeline, also comprise the vertical solution deslagging coal burner that is communicated with secondary furnace, the import of the coal dust of burner, oil, wind connects by pipeline respectively with to powder device, igniter, air distribution device; In burner, vertically be communicated with secondary wind prewhirl chamber, combustion chamber and deslagging chamber successively, deslagging chamber connects with the melt cinder gathering-device, that lower sides horizontal axis in the combustion chamber is communicated with is consistent with secondary wind eddy flow direction, with the tangent burner crater of burner inner wall face, the outlet of burner crater connects with the high-temperature flue gas import of secondary furnace; The secondary furnace top is provided with the high-temperature flue gas outlet, and the bottom is connected with solid slag collection section, and described high-temperature air preheater is located in the high-temperature flue gas outlet, also comprises the heat supply pipeline that is communicated with high-temperature air preheater; Whole coal-fired heating system connects with firing equipment by the heat supply pipeline that is positioned at the high-temperature air preheater top.
The present invention adopts structures such as twin-stage eddy flow, multistage air feed, two sections are slagged tap, high efficient heat exchanging, have advantages such as conventional pollutant emissions such as efficiency of combustion and thermal efficiency height, flying dust are low, system's operating maintenance is convenient, heat supply temperature is adjustable, be applicable to that " replace oil with coal " and " energy-saving and emission-reduction " of industrial heating system transformed.
Described combustion chamber comprises an inlet end face and an exit end face, and the combustion chamber has an inner tube wall and an outer tube wall, forms the cooling air compartment between inside and outside barrel; Fuel inlet and lighting-up tuyere are located at inlet end face, and the secondary wind chamber of prewhirling is located on the inlet end face; Exit end face is positioned at the combustion chamber lower sides, and the burner crater is located at the exit end face place; Described deslagging chamber is located at the burner bottom, and the positive round platform for having certain taper, and the end that deslagging chamber and combustion chamber join is provided with indent formula slag-drip opening.
In the described vertical solution deslagging coal burner is oxygen debt combustion atmosphere, and excess air coefficient is controlled between 0.75～0.95.
Described cooling air compartment has one and is arranged on the combustor sidewalls and cooling air import and a cooling air outlet of being communicated with the cooling air compartment, the cooling air import is connected with air distribution device, and cooling air outlet connects by the tertiary air pipeline with tertiary air import on being arranged on secondary furnace.
The internal face of described high-temperature flue gas import secondary furnace is tangent, and rotation direction is consistent with secondary wind eddy flow direction in the burner; The tertiary air import be positioned at the high-temperature flue gas import over against side, secondary wind eddy flow direction is consistent in rotation direction and the burner.
The present invention compares with existing coal-fired heating system, has following characteristic and advantage on structure and performance:
1) adopts the structure of twin-stage eddy flow, segmentation ash disposal, improved the capture rate of coal ash slag greatly.At first, adopt the vertical air-cooled liquid-bath combustion technology of innovation, coal dust is rotation at a high speed, separation, burning in burner, the high temperature melt cinder is discharged by burner deslagging chamber, fall into the melt cinder gathering-device after the process shrend is cold, finished the first order, also be topmost liquid tapping process, caught slag efficient and reach 90%; Secondly, the high-temperature flue gas that contains a small amount of flying dust, thin coke and fuel gas tangentially enters secondary furnace from burner, after tertiary air with direction of rotation mixes, carries out the process of the swirl flow combustion second time in secondary furnace.Because low than in the burner of the temperature in the strong cooling effect of tertiary air, secondary furnace, the flying dust that is mingled with in the flue gas is subjected to strong centrifugation once more, is solid-state along sliding to solid slag collection section under the secondary furnace internal face, has finished second level tapping process.By the two-stage cyclonic action, the capture rate of lime-ash can reach about 95%.
2) adopt multistage air feed form, guarantee not disturb mutually between each subsystem independent operation, easy to maintenance.Coal dust firing is relatively stricter for the proportion requirement of air distribution, the unbalance deterioration that directly causes combustion conditions of ratio.Pulverized coal combustion system on the general middle-size and small-size Industrial Stoves is often with coal-grinding wind, wind, secondary wind, a tertiary air and cooling air is obscured mutually, substitute.For example, patent CN 1103477A, CN 201078698Y directly send into the coal-grinding air-out within the burner as a wind, and excessive primary air flow causes coal powder ignition to postpone; Patent CN1153018C, CN201043745Y extract the cooling air of burner wall as the use of secondary wind, owing to will guarantee cooling effect out, cooling air quantity is general bigger, directly send into burner as secondary wind, cause burning to depart from desirable operating mode easily, efficiency of combustion descends.Though these technology and measure have reduced pipe arrangement and equipment investment expense, increased the interference between the subsystems such as coal supply, burning, cooling greatly, both influenced the operational effect of total system, also be unfavorable for the independent maintenance of subsystem, lose more than gain on the contrary.The present invention carries out independent regulation with the wind regime of each process such as coal mill system, induction system, combustion system, cooling system, regulating system by distribution plenum and flow control element are set, as long as increase some pipelines and easy automatic control system, just can improve the high efficiency of operation and the convenience of maintenance greatly, fundamentally guarantee carrying out smoothly of enterprise's production.
3) adopt the high efficient heat exchanging structure, make full use of waste heat, improved the thermal efficiency of system.At first, coal dust firing generally all needs hot blast, and the present invention is under the prerequisite that guarantees heat supply temperature, it is combustion-supporting that a heat recovery part in the secondary furnace is used for coal dust, rather than, meet the principle of utilizing of " temperature counterpart, reasonable energy " directly by the cold wind temperature reduction way; Secondly, send into secondary furnace as the tertiary air afterburning, also improved the overall thermal efficiency of system from the hot blast that the burner cools air compartment is drawn.
Except above three main advantages, the present invention has also adopted the principle of air classification combustion technology and liquid deslagging high temperature desulfurizing, can reduce the discharging of NOx and SOx in the flue gas greatly, helps alleviating the burden that follow-up flue gas is handled, and reduces its operating cost.These characteristics of the present invention all are that similarly coal-fired heating system is not available at present, are that a kind of real energy satisfies industry heating, the dry energy saving and environment friendly coal-fired heating system that requires.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of energy-saving environment-friendly liquid slag removal type coal-fired heating system schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the connect front view of the vertical slagging coal combustor of the present invention with secondary furnace;
The A-A view of Fig. 3 Fig. 2;
Description of reference numerals: 1-coal pulverizer; The 2-air compressor; The 3-air blast; The 4-oil pump; The 5-oil storage tank; 6-cooling air pipeline; 7-melt cinder gathering-device; 8-vertical solution deslagging coal burner; The 9-distribution plenum; The 10-secondary furnace; 11-secondary air channel road; 12-regulates the airduct road; The 13-spray drying tower; The 14-heat supply pipeline; The 15-high-temperature air preheater; The 16-power transportation pipe; The 17-oil pipeline; The 18-Pulverized Coal Bin; 19-secondary wind inlet; The import of 20-coal dust; The 21-secondary wind chamber of prewhirling; The 22-cooling air outlet; The outlet of 23-secondary furnace high-temperature flue gas; 24-tertiary air pipeline; The import of 25-tertiary air; The solid slag collection section of 26-; The import of 27-secondary furnace high-temperature flue gas; 28-burner crater; 29-burner deslagging chamber; The import of 30-cooling air; 31-burner slag notch; 32-burner cools air compartment; 33-burner.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments content of the present invention is described in further details.
Embodiment:
See also Fig. 1 to shown in Figure 3, a kind of energy-saving environment-friendly liquid slag removal type coal-fired heating system, comprise to powder device, air distribution device, igniter, melt cinder gathering-device 7, secondary furnace 10, high-temperature air preheater 15 and a plurality of wind and smoke pipeline, also comprise the vertical solution deslagging coal burner 8 that is communicated with secondary furnace 10, the import of the coal dust of burner 8, oil, wind connects by pipeline respectively with to powder device, igniter, air distribution device; Comprise coal pulverizer 1, Pulverized Coal Bin 18, fluidisation device, batcher, air compressor 2, strength delivery injector and supporting power transportation pipe 16 to the powder device; Air distribution device comprises interconnective air blast 3, distribution plenum 9, secondary air channel road 11, cooling air pipeline 6 and a plurality of air outlet; Igniter comprises oil pipe, oil pump 4, oil storage tank 4, torch oil gun and supporting oil pipeline 17;
Vertically be communicated with secondary wind prewhirl chamber 21, combustion chamber 33 and deslagging chamber 29 in burner 8 successively, deslagging chamber 29 connects with melt cinder gathering-device 7;
In the combustion chamber 33 lower sides horizontal axis be communicated with consistent with secondary wind eddy flow direction, with the tangent burner crater 28 of burner 8 internal faces, the outlet of burner crater 28 connects with the high-temperature flue gas import 27 of secondary furnace 10;
Whole coal-fired heating system connects with firing equipment by the heat supply pipeline 14 that is positioned at high-temperature air preheater 15 tops; The flue gas that comes out from high-temperature air preheater 15 with regulate wind and mix after through heat supply pipeline 14 send into heat or drying equipment among.
Combustion chamber 33 is the combustion chamber of approximate circle tubular, and it comprises an inlet end face and an exit end face, is provided with secondary wind inlet 19 and coal dust import 20 at the inlet end face place, and it is communicated with secondary air channel road 11, power transportation pipe 16 respectively; Combustion chamber 33 has an inner tube wall and an outer tube wall, forms cooling air compartment 32 between inside and outside barrel; Fuel inlet and lighting-up tuyere are located at inlet end face, and the secondary wind chamber 21 of prewhirling is located on the inlet end face; Exit end face is positioned at combustion chamber 33 lower sides, and burner crater 28 is located at the exit end face place; Deslagging chamber 29 is located at burner 8 bottoms, and the positive round platform for having certain taper.
In the vertical solution deslagging coal burner 8 is oxygen debt combustion atmosphere, and excess air coefficient is controlled between 0.75～0.95.
Cooling air compartment 32 has the cooling air import 30 and the cooling air outlet 22 that are arranged on burner 8 sidewalls and are communicated with cooling air compartment 32, and wherein cooling air outlet 22 connects by tertiary air pipeline 24 with tertiary air import 25 on being arranged on secondary furnace 10.Above-mentioned cooling air import 30 is communicated with cooling air pipeline 6.
High-temperature flue gas import 27 is tangent with the internal face of secondary furnace 10, and rotation direction is consistent with secondary wind eddy flow direction in the burner 8; Tertiary air import 25 be positioned at high-temperature flue gas import 27 over against side, secondary wind eddy flow directions are consistent in rotation direction and the burner 8.
High-temperature air preheater 15 is convection type or radiant type preheater, is preferably radiation recuperator.
Below sketch the course of work of present embodiment energy-saving environment-friendly liquid slag removal type coal-fired heating system:
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of energy-saving environment-friendly liquid slag removal type coal-fired heating system that is used for the ceramic industry spray-drying process, Coal-fired capacity 500kg/h, the totally-enclosed setting of system, on-the-spot no airborne dust.
Broken coal process coal pulverizer 1 is treated to the coal dust between granularity 80～200 orders, sends in the Pulverized Coal Bin 18.Start the take fire pre-heating temperature elevation of device 8 of oil pump 4, temperature rises to 800 ℃ and satisfies throwing coal conditions until combustion chamber 33 in; Open compressor 2 and each pneumatic transport equipment etc. and begin to throw coal, start air blast 3 simultaneously, open the secondary air valve of distribution plenum 9, mix with a wind through sending into the secondary wind chamber 21 of prewhirling behind the air preheater 15, through rectified action, primary mixture begins to carry out the oxygen debt burning of strong eddy flow in burner 8, fire box temperature rises to more than the flowing temperature of lime-ash in a short period of time, melt cinder flows down along burner 8 inner surfaces, discharge from the indent formula slag notch 31 that is positioned at the end that deslagging chamber 29 communicates with combustion chamber 33, collected by melt cinder gathering-device 7 through deslagging chamber 29, finish the first order, it also is topmost ash disposal process.
High-temperature flue gas in the burner tangentially sprays by crater 28, send in the secondary furnace 10 by high-temperature flue gas import 27, because the burner surface temperature is very high, in order to guarantee the security of operation of burner, draw a transportation work style to the cooling air import 30 of cooling off air compartment 32 from distribution plenum 9,, flow out from cooling air outlet 22 through after the abundant heat exchange, pass through tertiary air pipeline 24 and tertiary air import 25 again, send in the secondary furnace 10.The high-temperature flue gas that contains unburned gas and a small amount of coke tangentially mixes with tertiary air, semi-molten state flying dust in the flue gas is subjected to the strong cooling effect of tertiary air and solidifies, and be subjected to strong centrifugation once more, along sliding to solid slag collection section 26 under secondary furnace 10 internal faces, finished second level ash disposal process.
Fuel gas in the flue gas is up along secondary furnace 10 limits, the limit burning, to secondary furnace high-temperature flue gas outlet 23 all burnt, clean flue gas enters in the air preheater 15 carries out sufficient heat exchange with cold secondary wind, after whole system is stable, secondary wind can be heated to 300～400 ℃, and flue gas is reduced to 600～700 ℃.If flue-gas temperature is still higher, can open the adjusting air valve of distribution plenum 9 and control flow, send into heat supply pipeline 14 by regulating airduct road 12, flue gas is sent in the spray drying tower 13 through ovennodulation and after satisfying the baking temperature requirement.
Shown in Fig. 2,3, can be used as the tertiary air utilization of secondary furnace 10 by the cooling air of burner cools air compartment 32; The rotation direction of burner crater 28, secondary furnace high-temperature flue gas import 27, secondary furnace tertiary air import 25 is consistent, and has guaranteed the regularity in eddy flow flow field.
Catch slag by two-stage, the removal effect of coal ash can reach about 95% in the flue gas, and the lime-ash of collection can also use as the raw material of building materials such as glass, pottery through handling.
Above-listed detailed description is at the specifying of possible embodiments of the present invention, and this embodiment is not in order to limiting claim of the present invention, and the equivalence that all the present invention of disengaging do is implemented or change, all should be contained in the claim of this case.
Claims (8)
1. an energy-saving environment-friendly liquid slag removal type coal-fired heating system comprises to powder device, air distribution device, igniter, melt cinder gathering-device (7), secondary furnace (10), high-temperature air preheater (15) and a plurality of wind and smoke pipeline, it is characterized in that:
Also comprise the vertical solution deslagging coal burner (8) that is communicated with secondary furnace (10), the import of the coal dust of burner (8), oil, wind connects by pipeline respectively with to powder device, igniter, air distribution device;
Vertically be communicated with secondary wind prewhirl chamber (21), combustion chamber (33) and deslagging chamber (29) in burner (8) successively, deslagging chamber (29) connects with melt cinder gathering-device (7);
In the combustion chamber lower sides horizontal axis of (33) be communicated with consistent with secondary wind eddy flow direction, with the tangent burner crater (28) of burner (8) internal face, the outlet of burner crater (28) connects with the high-temperature flue gas import (27) of secondary furnace (10);
Secondary furnace (10) top is provided with high-temperature flue gas outlet (23), and the bottom is connected with solid slag collection section (26), and described high-temperature air preheater (15) is located in the high-temperature flue gas outlet (23), also comprises the heat supply pipeline (14) that is communicated with high-temperature air preheater (15); Whole coal-fired heating system connects with firing equipment by the heat supply pipeline (14) that is positioned at high-temperature air preheater (15) top.
2. energy-saving environment-friendly liquid slag removal type coal-fired heating system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described combustion chamber (33) comprise an inlet end face and an exit end face, combustion chamber (33) has an inner tube wall and an outer tube wall, forms cooling air compartment (32) between inside and outside barrel; Fuel inlet and lighting-up tuyere are located at inlet end face, and the secondary wind chamber (21) of prewhirling is located on the inlet end face; Exit end face is positioned at combustion chamber (33) lower sides, and burner crater (28) is located at the exit end face place; Described deslagging chamber (29) is located at burner (8) bottom, and the positive round platform for having certain taper, and deslagging chamber (29) is provided with indent formula slag-drip opening (31) with the end that combustion chamber (33) joins.
3. energy-saving environment-friendly liquid slag removal type coal-fired heating system as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: be oxygen debt combustion atmosphere in the described vertical solution deslagging coal burner (8), excess air coefficient is controlled between 0.75～0.95.
4. energy-saving environment-friendly liquid slag removal type coal-fired heating system as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the described secondary wind chamber (21) of prewhirling connects by secondary air channel road (11) with high-temperature air preheater (15).
5. energy-saving environment-friendly liquid slag removal type coal-fired heating system as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that: described cooling air compartment (32) has one and is arranged on burner (8) sidewall and the cooling air import (30) and the cooling air outlet (22) that are communicated with cooling air compartment (32), cooling air import (30) is connected with air distribution device, and cooling air outlet (22) connects by tertiary air pipeline (24) with tertiary air import (25) on being arranged on secondary furnace (10).
6. energy-saving environment-friendly liquid slag removal type coal-fired heating system as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that: described high-temperature flue gas import (27) is tangent with the internal face of secondary furnace (10), and rotation direction is consistent with the interior secondary wind of burner (8) eddy flow direction; Tertiary air import (25) be positioned at high-temperature flue gas import (27) over against side, rotation direction is consistent with the interior secondary wind of burner (8) eddy flow direction.
7. energy-saving environment-friendly liquid slag removal type coal-fired heating system as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that: described high-temperature air preheater (15) is convection type or radiant type preheater.
8. energy-saving environment-friendly liquid slag removal type coal-fired heating system as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that: described heat supply pipeline (14) is provided with the adjusting wind inlet, be connected with adjusting airduct road (12) with regulating wind inlet, regulate airduct road (12) other end and be connected with air distribution device.
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| GB437445A (en) * | 1934-04-26 | 1935-10-28 | Gutehoffnungshuette Oberhausen | Improved process for making fused material from substances comprising domestic and industrial refuse |
| CN2051324U (en) * | 1989-08-23 | 1990-01-17 | 北京科技大学 | Liquid-cinder pulverised-coal cyclone combustion apparatus |
| CN1103477A (en) * | 1993-11-27 | 1995-06-07 | 四川省威远县天府陶瓷建筑材料实业公司 | Hot-air furnace for drying tower and burning technique thereof |
| DE19806823C2 (en) * | 1998-02-18 | 1999-12-09 | Loesche Gmbh | Device and method for the combustion of fuels containing vanadium |
| EP1918352B1 (en) * | 2006-11-01 | 2009-12-09 | Shell Internationale Researchmaatschappij B.V. | Solid carbonaceous feed to liquid process |
| CN201078698Y (en) * | 2007-08-24 | 2008-06-25 | 邰钦召 | Industry furnace coal dust firing system apparatus |
| CN101629716B (en) * | 2009-08-26 | 2011-10-05 | 上海题桥纺织染纱有限公司 | Vertical arrangement method of low-NOx solid-liquid state deslagging pulverized coal burner |
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