A kind of extra-high-voltage equal potential shielded capacitor voltage transformer
Technical field
The invention belongs to electric power system transformer device field, the ultra high voltage capacitance type potential transformer (CVT) that is specifically related to a kind of high accuracy, responds, exempts from on-the-spot effect fast.
Background technology
Along with the engineering of China's ultra high voltage (exchange 1000kV and more than) technology of transmission of electricity is used, the accurate measurement of extra-high voltage grid voltage becomes the key technical problem that requires study and solve.The power frequency high voltage measuring device of electric power system extensive use both at home and abroad mainly contains electromagnetic potential transformer and two kinds of capacitance type potential transformers (both all belong to passive voltage measurement system), can satisfy the requirement of 500kV and following electric pressure voltage measurement and relaying protection basically.Photoelectric voltage instrument transformer, electronic type voltage transformer (all belonging to the active voltage measuring system) also are in research and development and the trial run process at present, still there are problems such as voltage measurement precision, laser life-span, system reliability further to research and solve, do not obtain sizable application as yet.
When entering the ultra-high/extra-high voltage grade, electromagnetic potential transformer is owing to the insulation difficulty seldom adopts.Capacitance type potential transformer (CVT) because simple in structure, reliability is high, cost is lower, is still the capital equipment that ultra-high/extra-high voltage grade line voltage is measured.But the design of existing CVT both at home and abroad is applied to extra-high voltage grid, has run into following technical difficulty:
1) stray capacitance current affects accuracy of measurement
Traditional capacitance type potential transformer (CVT), owing to have stray capacitance between capacitor voltage divider high-voltage arm and earth electrode on every side or the electrified body, under action of high voltage, the stray capacitance electric current flows out or flows into high-voltage arm, causes voltage measurement error.This error strengthens along with increasing of electric pressure.NORTHWEST CHINA 750kV electrical network capacitance type potential transformer measured result, the measure error that stray electrical current (comprising capacitance current and insulating case surface leakage current) causes can be up to more than 0.2%.Electric field emulation shows, the CVT of 1000kV, and the capacitance current that flows into the earth from the voltage divider high-voltage arm can reach 20mA, causes significant measure error.Usually the measure of employing increasing voltage divider main capacitance amount reduces the influence of stray electrical current, even but capacitance increases to 10000pf, the also difficult standard that reaches 0.1 grade of the class of accuracy of ultra high voltage CVT.
2) on-the-spot effect difficulty
Existing CVT measure error is subjected to stray capacitance influences thereby relevant with the installation site.After the CVT of ultra-high/extra-high voltage electric pressure installs at the scene, need carry out on-the-spot effect, so that revise ratio and the angular difference of measuring when dispatching from the factory.The on-the-spot effect of carrying out instrument transformer at ultra-high voltage transformer station is by no means easy.Except the extra-high voltage reference capacitor manufacture difficulty, the on-the-spot electromagnetic interference of ultra-high voltage transformer station also is the important restraining factors of carrying out the comparison of on-the-spot accurately effect.
3) CVT response characteristic problem:
The extensive use of digital relay protection system has proposed more and more higher requirement to the response characteristic of voltage transformer, requires the instrument transformer secondary voltage should quick and precisely reflect the variation of primary voltage.Relevant rules requirement, behind the elementary shorted to earth of instrument transformer, secondary voltage should be at 0.2 second with interior below 0.1 of initial value of reducing to.The ferro resonance damper that existing CVT all adopts energy-storage travelling wave tube to form is to suppress issuable ferro resonance in the electromagnetic unit.The introducing of energy-storage travelling wave tube makes the response characteristic variation of instrument transformer, is difficult to satisfy the requirement that the extra-high voltage grid relaying protection is quick and precisely moved.
In sum, the development of UHV transmission to the accuracy of measurement that improves existing CVT, improve response characteristic, exempt on-the-spot effect and proposed active demand.
Chinese patent application 200710050439.5 discloses a kind of whole shielding capacitor voltage transformer, comprises the capacitance partial pressure part and the calutron that are full of the dielectric housing that place sealing.Capacitance partial pressure partly is the high-field electrode and the middle piezoelectricity utmost point in the full-shield closed shell, high-field electrode is the electrode column at center, middle piezoelectricity is very around high-field electrode and coaxial with it cylindrical electrode, and the full-shield housing of capacitance partial pressure part is around the middle piezoelectricity utmost point and the cylinder coaxial with high-field electrode.The middle and high piezoelectricity utmost point and housing three are coaxial configuration, under the voltage effect, the electric field force that produces between them is uniformly distributed on the circumference and cancels out each other, and the relative position between the electrode can not be offset, electric capacity between the electrode is very stable, has improved the precision of instrument transformer.
Compare with patent of the present invention, the structure of full-shield has been adopted in patent application 200710050439.5, has good shield effectiveness, but also just because of having adopted the full-shield measure, cause its volume to increase rapidly, be subjected to the restriction of self structure, be not suitable in the on-the-spot use of power engineering with the rising of measured signal electric pressure, the measurement that more can not be used for the megavolt high pressure is used, and the voltage transformer ratio of this full-shield structure is more suitable for High-Voltage Experimentation chamber alternate standard capacitor and uses.The described extra-high-voltage equal potential shielded capacitor voltage transformer of patent of the present invention can be realized the accurate measurement of megavolt high pressure, and this is maximum characteristics of the present invention.
Domestic and international existing capacitance type potential transformer adopts the high-voltage arm of maskless high-voltage capacitor series connection as voltage divider unlimitedly, does not have the patent and the Related product of the capacitor voltage divider of equivalent potential screen; The electromagnetic unit of domestic and international existing capacitance type potential transformer all adopts the damper of being made up of energy-storage travelling wave tube, does not have patent and Related product that energy-storage travelling wave tube suppresses ferro resonance.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is: the accurate measurement problem that solves China's ultra high voltage (exchange 1000kV and more than) line voltage.
The high accuracy of the present invention design, respond, exempt from on-the-spot effect fast the ultra high voltage capacitance type potential transformer mainly based on following two technology:
1) equivalent potential screen capacitor voltage divider: in measurement voltage divider high-voltage arm main capacitance periphery a series of annular coaxial bucking electrode is set, each layer bucking electrode links to each other with an auxiliary-voltage divider.Can prove,, then can block the electric current that flows out or flow into by stray capacitance from main capacitance fully if annular electrode is consistent along the Potential distribution of axis and the Potential distribution of measuring with main capacitance.The voltage of annular electrode distributes and can select to be regulated with the parameter of auxiliary-voltage divider.Between main voltage divider system and annular electrode and the auxiliary-voltage divider system without any being electrically connected.Like this, the leakage current on capacitance current over the ground and insulating case surface provides by auxiliary-voltage divider, without measuring main capacitance, makes the measurement voltage divider be in perfect masked state, thereby guarantees the high accuracy of voltage measurement.This is a core technology content of the present invention.
2), no energy-storage travelling wave tube suppresses ferro resonance: all adopt the damper that has inductance, electric capacity, resistive element composition to realize the contingent ferro resonance of intermediate transformer at present both at home and abroad.The existence of energy-storage travelling wave tube degenerates response characteristic.Damping of existing C VT ferro resonance and response characteristic can not be taken into account.The present invention has adopted the element of no energy storage such as power electronic device and MOA to form the damping ferro resonance; can effectively suppress ferro resonance; improved response characteristic again significantly, make instrument transformer can satisfy the extra-high voltage grid relaying protection fast, the requirement of action message.This is another proprietary core technology of the present invention.
Based on these two proprietary technologies, the present invention proposes a kind of extra-high-voltage equal potential shielded capacitor voltage transformer, the capacitor voltage divider and electromagnetic unit that comprise double-layer coaxial capacitor assembly with no energy-storage travelling wave tube ferro resonance inhibitor and intermediate transformer with equivalent potential screen, described capacitor voltage divider and described electromagnetic unit are composed in series this voltage transformer, the high-voltage arm of described capacitor voltage divider and shielding electric capacity is by top grading shield polyphone double-layer coaxial capacitor, in the middle of the double-layer coaxial capacitor series all piezoelectricity be connected in series the double-layer coaxial capacitor again after extremely and constitute; Comprise low-voltage arm, compensation reactor, the intermediate transformer of capacitor voltage divider and the no energy-storage travelling wave tube ferro resonance inhibitor of forming by breakdown diode BOD serial connection metal oxide arrester MOA in the described electromagnetic unit.
The double-layer coaxial capacitor assembly of described equivalent potential screen comprises: place to measure at compound inslation sleeve inner axes and use main capacitance, the lower flange outer is provided with a plurality of coaxial ring shielding electrodes on main capacitance, up and down between the ring shielding electrode along several shielding auxiliary capacitors of compound inslation sleeve inwall circumference symmetric arrangement, described shielding reliably is connected with bucking electrode up and down with the positive pole of auxiliary capacitor and negative pole, do not allow any electric connection between main capacitance and ring shielding electrode and the auxiliary capacitor, with the good insulation between gas insulating material or foamed insulation material maintenance main capacitance and ring shielding electrode and the auxiliary capacitor.
Described electromagnetic unit with no energy-storage travelling wave tube ferro resonance inhibitor and intermediate transformer comprises: voltage signal is surveyed in end of incoming cables, the left side reception of compensation reactor, ground connection behind the winding of right side outlet termination intermediate transformer, ground connection after the secondary winding outlet termination load of intermediate transformer is connected in series the ferro resonance inhibitor of metal oxide arrester MOA structure for no energy-storage travelling wave tube with the breakdown diode BOD of load parallel connection.
Wherein,, can use the double-layer coaxial capacitor assembly series connection of a plurality of described equivalent potential screens, form the capacitor voltage divider of equivalent potential screen according to the requirement of electric pressure;
Wherein, the main circuit of described extra-high-voltage equal potential shielded capacitor voltage transformer is: main capacitance C1 connects dividing potential drop capacitor C 2 back ground connection G, tested high voltage inserts instrument transformer through terminals V, the measured signal F of dividing potential drop gained through the serial connection compensation reactor and intermediate transformer after ground connection G, the secondary induced signal of intermediate transformer inserts load and measures, and is connected in series the ferro resonance inhibitor of metal oxide arrester MOA structure for no energy-storage travelling wave tube with the breakdown diode BOD of load parallel connection;
Wherein, the capacitors in series of described double-layer coaxial capacitor assembly internal layer is formed measurement voltage divider high-voltage arm C1, by the low-voltage arm C2 ground connection of voltage divider, constitutes and measures voltage divider; Direct ground connection constituted the equivalent potential screen of measuring voltage divider after shielding was connected step by step with auxiliary capacitor; The output of measuring voltage divider inserts the elementary winding of intermediate transformer end of incoming cables, the elementary winding terminal ground connection of intermediate transformer by compensation reactor; No energy-storage travelling wave tube ferro resonance inhibitor in parallel between intermediate transformer secondary winding leading-out terminal and ground, described no energy-storage travelling wave tube ferro resonance inhibitor comprise connecting of breakdown diode BOD and metal oxide arrester MOA; Intermediate transformer secondary winding leading-out terminal is through load ground connection simultaneously.
Every important indicators such as the voltage measurement precision of capacitance type potential transformer of the present invention, transient response characteristic, suitable electric pressure, mechanical property all significantly are better than domestic and international existing capacitance type potential transformer, can satisfy from the requirement of superhigh pressure until accurate measurement of ultra high voltage grade electrical network power frequency ac voltage and the action of relaying protection fast and reliable.Be in good masked state owing to measure main capacitance, capacitance can reduce significantly, thereby the weight of voltage divider can reduce significantly, and the shock-resistance features of the voltage divider of thin and tall shape is also improved thereupon.In addition, an important characteristic of the present invention is that this new transformer need not on-the-spot effect.Because the voltage divider part has been in good masked state, just as a standard capacitor, measurement result is not subjected to the influence of the installation site of instrument transformer, thereby, after dispatching from the factory, instrument transformer do not need to carry out customary on-the-spot effect.
The beneficial effect of technical solution of the present invention is:
1) measurement voltage divider is in good masked state, is not subjected to the influence of stray parameter, and voltage ratio is stable, the certainty of measurement height, and the measurement class of accuracy of the CVT of the ultra high voltage grade of the present invention's design can reach 0.1 grade;
2) the ferro resonance damper does not contain energy-storage travelling wave tubes such as inductance capacitance, response characteristic is improved significantly than existing CVT, after the primary short in 0.05 second secondary voltage just be lower than below 10% of initial value, can satisfy of the strict demand of the modern relaying protection system of ultra-high/extra-high voltage electrical network to the instrument transformer response characteristic;
3) need not to carry out on-the-spot effect;
4) voltage divider high-voltage arm main capacitance amount is than the little magnitude of existing design, and entire equipment is in light weight, good mechanical properties such as wind resistance, antidetonation.
Description of drawings
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 is the profile schematic diagram according to extra-high-voltage equal potential shielded capacitor voltage transformer of the present invention, wherein, and A-top grading shield, the equal piezoelectricity utmost point in the middle of the B-double-layer coaxial electric capacity, C-, D-electromagnetic unit, E-guy insulator;
Fig. 2 is the generalized section according to equivalent potential screen capacitor assembly of the present invention, wherein, and 1, ring shielding electrode 2, measure with main capacitance 3, insulating material 4, compound inslation sleeve 5, shielding auxiliary capacitor;
Fig. 3 is according to extra-high-voltage equal potential shielded capacitor voltage transformer main circuit diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 4 shows the comparison diagram according to the response characteristic of extra-high-voltage equal potential shielded capacitor voltage transformer of the present invention.
Embodiment
The novel capacitance-type voltage transformer of this invention mainly is made up of following two large divisions: 1) have the capacitor voltage divider that the double-layer coaxial capacitor assembly of equivalent potential screen is formed; 2) electromagnetic unit of parts compositions such as no energy-storage travelling wave tube ferro resonance inhibitor and intermediate transformer, profile as shown in Figure 1.Each parts and annexation are from top to bottom: A partly is the top grading shield, two B parts are connected in series under it, B partly is the double-layer coaxial capacitor, connect the middle all piezoelectricity utmost points of C part below second double-layer coaxial capacitor, then connecting connects D part electromagnetic unit behind two double-layer coaxial capacitors again, also is connected with the E part guy insulator that play fixed supporting role between C part and the ground.
The double-layer coaxial capacitor assembly of equivalent potential screen is a core component of the present invention, its internal structure is as shown in Figure 2: place at compound inslation sleeve 4 inner axes and measure with main capacitance 2, the lower flange outer is provided with coaxial ring shielding electrode 1 on main capacitance, up and down between the bucking electrode along several (this figure represent 6) shielding of insulating sleeve inwall circumference symmetric arrangement with auxiliary capacitor 5, its two poles of the earth reliably are connected with bucking electrode up and down.Do not allow any electric connection between main capacitance and bucking electrode and the auxiliary capacitor.The good insulation performance that available gas insulating material or foamed insulation material 3 keep between the two.
According to the requirement of electric pressure, can select a plurality of above-mentioned double-layer coaxial capacitor assembly series connection for use, form the capacitor voltage divider of equivalent potential screen.According to the main circuit of the extra-high-voltage equal potential shielded capacitor voltage transformer of this invention design as shown in Figure 3.C1 is a main capacitance among the figure, C2 is a dividing potential drop electric capacity, Cs is stray capacitance over the ground, the V point is for connecing tested high-tension terminals, the G point is a ground connection, the F point is the measured signal of dividing potential drop gained, and this signal inserts load and measures after compensation reactor and intermediate transformer carry out signal condition, and the BOD string MOA structure in parallel with load is the ferro resonance inhibitor of no energy-storage travelling wave tube.
The capacitors in series of double-layer coaxial capacitor assembly internal layer is formed measurement voltage divider high-voltage arm C1, by the low-voltage arm C2 ground connection of voltage divider, constitutes and measures voltage divider; Direct ground connection constituted the equivalent potential screen of measuring voltage divider after shielding was connected step by step with auxiliary-voltage divider; The output of voltage divider inserts the elementary winding of intermediate transformer by compensation reactor; In the ferro resonance inhibitor of the secondary no energy-storage travelling wave tube in parallel of intermediate transformer, it is combined with MOA (metal oxide arrester) by BOD (puncturing the conversion diode); Load is received in the electromagnetic unit outlet.
The response characteristic of the CVT that the ferro resonance inhibitor of the no energy-storage travelling wave tube of employing is formed is tied the result as shown in Figure 4 with the emulation of the response characteristic of existing CVT both at home and abroad.Solid line is actual tested voltage curve among the figure, short dash line has the CVT resonse characteristic that obtains after the ferro resonance inhibitor of energy-storage travelling wave tube for adopting, pecked line does not have the CVT resonse characteristic that obtains after the ferro resonance inhibitor of energy-storage travelling wave tube for adopting the present invention, as seen from the figure, after the instrument transformer primary short, in half cycle, secondary measuring voltage is just reduced to below 0.1 of initial value, has effectively improved the response characteristic of CVT.
Invention has been described according to specific exemplary embodiment herein.It will be conspicuous carrying out suitable replacement to one skilled in the art or revise under not departing from the scope of the present invention.Exemplary embodiment only is illustrative, rather than to the restriction of scope of the present invention, scope of the present invention is by appended claim definition.