CN101815923B - Sensor device for capacitive distance determination - Google Patents

Sensor device for capacitive distance determination Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101815923B
CN101815923B CN2008801097806A CN200880109780A CN101815923B CN 101815923 B CN101815923 B CN 101815923B CN 2008801097806 A CN2008801097806 A CN 2008801097806A CN 200880109780 A CN200880109780 A CN 200880109780A CN 101815923 B CN101815923 B CN 101815923B
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China
Prior art keywords
electrode
sensor device
signal
capacitive
described sensor
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Expired - Fee Related
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CN2008801097806A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN101815923A (en
Inventor
R·默克尔
U·齐默尔曼
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
    • G01B7/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
    • G01B7/023—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring length, width or thickness for measuring distance between sensor and object

Abstract

The invention relates to a sensor device, in particular a sensor device in or on a vehicle, for capacitively determining the distance between the sensor device and an object, having an electrode for forming a capacitive arrangement with the object and an apparatus for creating a signal which is proportional to the capacitance of the capacitive arrangement. The sensor device has a reference electrode (7) for forming a capacitive reference arrangement (9) with the object (2), a further apparatus (13) for creating a reference signal (IR) which is proportional to the capacitance (C2) of the capacitive reference arrangement (9), and an evaluation device (16) for determining the distance (d) by forming a ratio from the signal (I) and the reference signal (IR), wherein the reference electrode (7) has an electrode shape which differs from the electrode shape of the electrode (5).

Description

Be used for the sensor device that capacitive distance is confirmed
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of sensor device, in particular in the vehicle or on sensor device, be used for condenser type ground and confirm the distance between sensor device and the object.This sensor device has an electrode being used for and said object is common constitutes a capacitive device, and a device that is used to form with the proportional signal of electric capacity of said capacitive device.
Background technology
Such sensor device is known.Its for example be used in the vehicle or on, with the periphery at said vehicle be used for said vehicle and at the object of said outside vehicle such as the range finding between other vehicles.For this reason, an electrode is installed on vehicle, said electrode and said object (as counter electrode) constitute a capacitive device jointly.The electric capacity of this capacitive device will be determined, and confirm the distance between said sensor device or said vehicle and the said object thus.At this, also introduce the material between said electrode and the said object in addition specific inductive capacity of---being meant air here basically---.For this type of capacitive device, its electric capacity can be because the specific inductive capacity of water and air has big difference and obviously receive weather effect such as the air humidity of fluctuation or the influence of temperature fluctuation.
Summary of the invention
In order to eliminate the influence of specific inductive capacity; Be provided with as follows: said sensor device has a reference electrode and is used for and capacitive character reference unit of the common formation of said object; Another device is used to form and the proportional reference signal of the electric capacity of said capacitive character reference unit; And an analytical equipment is used for confirming said distance through a relation that is made up of said signal and said reference signal; Wherein, said reference electrode has a kind of electrode shape, and this electrode shape is different from the electrode shape of said electrode.Because electrode shape is different, the correlativity of distance is different from the correlativity of pairing distance between electric capacity and the said electrode and the object of said capacitive device between the electric capacity of said capacitive character reference unit and said reference electrode and the object.If constitute the capacitor C of said capacitive device by said analytical equipment 1Reference capacitance C with said capacitive character reference unit 2Between relation, with regard to cancellation between said electrode and the said object, or the DIELECTRIC CONSTANTS=ε of material between said reference electrode and said object 0ε rOnly to arrive the distance of object separately relevant with physical dimension and said electrode/reference electrode for the said relation that draws and the correlativity of distance.Said sensor device, especially a kind of in vehicle or on sensor device, and be preferably used for confirming that said vehicle and one are preferably placed at the distance between the object of outside vehicle.This object that is positioned at outside vehicle for example is an other vehicle.
Following setting is arranged in a favourable design proposal of the present invention: in said two electrodes (electrode or reference electrode) one is constructed to plate shaped or is plate shaped electrode basically, and/or the another one in said two electrodes is constructed to columniform or be columniform electrode basically.Plate shaped have obvious difference with electrode shape columniform electrode.A sensu lato columniform electrode for example can be made up of a conductor that correspondingly is shaped.For a plate shaped electrode/reference electrode, said capacitive device/reference unit can be regarded as plate condenser approx.For a columniform electrode/reference electrode; Obviously under the situation greater than the radius r of said columniform electrode, said capacitive device/reference unit can be looked at as cylindrical condenser approx in the distance between said electrode/reference electrode and the said object.Preferably be set to, in said two electrodes one is constructed to plate shaped electrode and another one is constructed to columniform electrode.
Following setting is arranged in a favourable design proposal of the present invention: at least one electricity in the said device that is used to form signal/reference signal is isolated from another device that is used to form signal/reference signal and said analytical equipment.Isolate through this electricity, the formation of said signal/reference signal can be carried out in said two devices each other uncorrelatedly.
Following setting is especially arranged, and at least one in the said device that is used to form said signal/reference signal and the capacitive device/reference unit corresponding with it have constituted an oscillation circuit jointly.At this, preferably be provided with: said signal/reference signal is the time constant or the frequency of said oscillation circuit.
Advantageously, at least one in the said device that is used to form said signal/reference signal has the guarded electrode that is used to shield other electromotive forces.If said sensor device in vehicle or on, said guarded electrode then shields said electrode or said reference electrode, especially with respect to the electromotive force of said vehicle.
In addition advantageously, the said device that is used to form signal/reference signal outputs to said analytical equipment with said signal and/or said reference signal as digital signal.For this reason, said signal/reference signal preferably an analog to digital converter of the device through correspondence convert digital signal or digital reference signal to.This digital signal/reference signal is outputed to said analytical equipment subsequently.Through said output as digital signal/reference signal, said electric isolation can be realized simple and reliablely.
At last advantageously, said analytical equipment has a computing unit to be used to constitute the relation between said signal and the said reference signal and to confirm said distance by said relation.
Description of drawings
To come further to set forth the present invention by means of affiliated accompanying drawing in one embodiment below.Accompanying drawing illustrates:
Fig. 1: the synoptic diagram of a sensor device, and
Fig. 2: have an electrode and a reference electrode, be positioned at sensor device and another vehicle on the vehicle.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 has illustrated a sensor device 1 in synoptic diagram, be used for condenser type ground and confirm the distance between itself and the object 2, and said object 2 is positioned at one and confirms district 3.Said sensor device is installed in the distance that is used for confirming between itself and the outside vehicle object---as shown in Figure 2---on the vehicle that is not illustrated.Thereby said definite district is the zone of a said outside vehicle.Said sensor device 1 has one, and to be constructed to be that electrode 5 and of columniform electrode 4 is constructed to basically be the reference electrode 7 of plate shaped electrode 6 basically.Said electrode 5 has constituted a capacitive device 8 with said object 2, and said capacitive device 8 is represented through the field wire of 2 on said electrode 5 and said object.Said reference electrode 7 has constituted a capacitive character reference unit 9 with said object 2, and said capacitive character reference unit 9 is represented through corresponding field wire.For said capacitive device 8 is limited in said definite district 3 with said capacitive character reference unit 9 separately, surrounds said electrode 5 and surround said reference electrode 7 with a secondary shielding electrode 11 with one first guarded electrode 10.Said guarded electrode 10,11 is with respect to said two electrodes 5,7 of potential shielding beyond said definite district 3.Said electrode 5 12 is connected with a device, and this device 12 is used to form a capacitor C with said capacitive device 8 1Proportional signal.Said reference electrode 7 13 is connected with another device, and this another device 13 is used to form a capacitor C with said capacitive character reference unit 9 2Proportional reference signal.For forming said signal I, said device 12 has a metering circuit 14 (especially oscillation circuit), to form intrinsic signal.Said capacitive device 8 is electrically connected to said metering circuit 14.Said intrinsic signal is outputed to an analog to digital converter 15 subsequently, and said analog to digital converter 15 is formed a digital signal corresponding I and outputed to an analytical equipment 16 by said intrinsic signal.Said another device has a metering circuit 17.Said capacitive character reference unit 9 is electrically connected to said metering circuit 17.Form an intrinsic reference signal I through said metering circuit 17 R, said intrinsic reference signal I RCapacitor C with capacitive character reference unit 9 2Proportional.The reference signal I that this is intrinsic ROutputed to an analog to digital converter 18 of said another device 13.Said analog to digital converter 18 is by this intrinsic reference signal I RForm a digital reference signal I R, said digital reference signal I REqually also outputed to analytical equipment 16.Said analytical equipment 16 has a computing unit 19 and concerns and concern thus definite said apart from d to be used for constituting by said signal and said reference signal.Determined distance is exported through an output terminal 20 subsequently.
Said sensor device 1 be used for condenser type ground confirm between itself and the object 2 apart from d, following function is arranged: the capacitor C that draws capacitive device 8 and capacitive character reference unit 9 through electrode 5 and reference electrode 7 different electrode shapes 1, C 2With said different correlativity apart from d.The capacitor C that contains the capacitive device (single condctor device) of generalized cylinder shape electrode 4 1Can be similar to through the electric capacity of a cylindrical condenser.Draw the capacitor C of said device 1For:
C 1 = 2 · π · ϵ 0 ϵ r · A ln ( d √ ) - - - ( 1 )
The capacitor C of said capacitive character reference unit 9 2Can be approximated to be the electric capacity of a plate condenser and draw:
C 2 = ϵ 0 ϵ r · A d - - - ( 2 )
At this, l is the length of said electrode 5, and r is the radius of said electrode 5, and d is the distance to the surface of object 2.For plate condenser, A is the active electrode area, and d is dull and stereotyped spacing.In addition, with electric field constant ε 0And ε rIntroduce equation 1 and 2.Said DIELECTRIC CONSTANTS rIt is the distinctive material constant of the material between said electrode/reference electrode 5,7 and the said object 2.If said sensor device 1 is used to measure the distance between said sensor device 1 and the outer object 2 of vehicle, the electric capacity of then said capacitive device 8,9 can obviously receive weather effect such as the air humidity of fluctuation and the influence of temperature fluctuation because the specific inductive capacity of the permittivity ratio air of water is much higher.Employing is constructed to the electrode 5 of different electrode shapes and measures with reference electrode 7, can eliminate the correlativity of these and weather.
Capacitor C 1, C 2Measurement carry out by means of metering circuit 14,17, for example through measuring rise time as time constant.Capacitor C 1, C 2Measurement or with said capacitor C 1, C 2Proportional signal I, I RBe formed on this and must carry out independently of each other.This will realize that the electromotive force of the output signal of said analog to digital converter 15,18 and electrode 5 or reference electrode 7 is irrelevant through isolating with the electricity of analog to digital converter 15,18.The output signal of said analog to digital converter 15,18 (digital signal and digital reference signal) is passed to analytical equipment 16, and said analytical equipment 16 forms a relation (C who is made up of said signal and reference signal 1: C 2).The DIELECTRIC CONSTANTS relevant that this ratio has formed cancellation with weather rDraw following distance relation: q (d) thus, this relation only depend on physical dimension and said electrode 5,7 to as the object surfaces of counter electrode apart from d.
C 1 C 2 = 2 · π · l A · d ln ( d / 2 r ) - - - ( 3 )
Fig. 2 shows a sensor device 1 that will have electrode 5 and reference electrode 7 and is installed in the embodiment on the vehicle 21.The corresponding counter electrode of capacitive device 8 and capacitive character reference unit 9 is made up of the object that is constructed to another vehicle 22.The ground that the guarded electrode that is not illustrated is used for relative vehicle 21 shields said electrode 5,7.Apart from confirming continuously of d or confirming of said free interval apart from d, can obtain the relative velocity of 2 pairs of said sensor devices of object through said.Sensor device 1 among Fig. 2 is installed in the lateral side regions of vehicle 21; And can be used in obviously early than real collision, to detect and collision, and for example take to protect the passenger's 24 of vehicle 21 measure towards another vehicles 22 (arrow 23) of vehicle 21 motions.

Claims (9)

1. sensor device; Be used for condenser type ground and confirm the distance between said sensor device and the object (2); Said sensor device has an electrode (5) being used for constituting a capacitive device (8) jointly with said object (2), and a device (12) is to be used to form an electric capacity (C with said capacitive device (8) 1) proportional signal (I), it is characterized in that one constitutes the reference electrode (7) of a capacitive character reference unit (9) jointly with said object (2), another device (13) is used to form an electric capacity (C with said capacitive character reference unit (9) 2) proportional reference signal (I R), and an analytical equipment (16) is used for through by said signal (I) and said reference signal (I R) relation constituting confirms said distance (d), wherein said reference electrode (7) has a kind of electrode shape, and the electrode shape of said reference electrode (7) is different from the electrode shape of said electrode (5).
2. according to the described sensor device of claim 1, it is characterized in that, said sensor device be used in the vehicle or on sensor device.
3. according to the described sensor device of claim 1, it is characterized in that said object (2) is one and is positioned at the outside object (2) of vehicle (21).
4. each described sensor device in requiring according to aforesaid right; It is characterized in that; In said electrode (5) and the said reference electrode (7) one is constructed to plate shaped or is that plate shaped electrode (6) and/or in said two electrodes (5,7) another are constructed to columniform or are columniform electrode (4) basically basically.
5. according to each described sensor device among the claim 1-3, it is characterized in that, in a said device (12) and said another device (13) one at least electricity be isolated from another and electricity is isolated from said analytical equipment (16).
6. according to each described sensor device among the claim 1-3; It is characterized in that oscillation circuit of the common formation of at least one in a said device (12) and said another device (13) and the capacitive device/capacitive character reference unit corresponding with it.
7. according to each described sensor device among the claim 1-3, it is characterized in that at least one in a said device (12) and said another device (13) has a guarded electrode (10,11) to be used to shield other electromotive force.
8. according to each described sensor device among the claim 1-3, it is characterized in that a said device (12) and said another device (13) are with said signal (I) and/or said reference signal (I R) output to said analytical equipment (16) as digital signal.
9. according to each described sensor device among the claim 1-3, it is characterized in that said analytical equipment (16) has a computing unit (19) to be used to constitute said relation and definite said distance (d).
CN2008801097806A 2007-10-05 2008-09-11 Sensor device for capacitive distance determination Expired - Fee Related CN101815923B (en)

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DE102007047716.5 2007-10-05
DE102007047716A DE102007047716A1 (en) 2007-10-05 2007-10-05 Sensor device for capacitive distance determination
PCT/EP2008/062050 WO2009047073A1 (en) 2007-10-05 2008-09-11 Sensor device for capacitive distance determination

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CN101815923B true CN101815923B (en) 2012-06-13

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EP (1) EP2198241B1 (en)
JP (1) JP4971504B2 (en)
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AT (1) ATE490449T1 (en)
DE (2) DE102007047716A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2009047073A1 (en)

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US8659407B2 (en) 2014-02-25
JP4971504B2 (en) 2012-07-11
WO2009047073A1 (en) 2009-04-16
DE502008001971D1 (en) 2011-01-13
JP2010540946A (en) 2010-12-24
US20100328056A1 (en) 2010-12-30
DE102007047716A1 (en) 2009-04-09
ATE490449T1 (en) 2010-12-15
CN101815923A (en) 2010-08-25
EP2198241A1 (en) 2010-06-23
EP2198241B1 (en) 2010-12-01

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