CN101815905A - a flameless combustion heater - Google Patents

a flameless combustion heater Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101815905A
CN101815905A CN200880025513A CN200880025513A CN101815905A CN 101815905 A CN101815905 A CN 101815905A CN 200880025513 A CN200880025513 A CN 200880025513A CN 200880025513 A CN200880025513 A CN 200880025513A CN 101815905 A CN101815905 A CN 101815905A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
heater
opening
conduit
fuel
oxidation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN200880025513A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
K·G·安德森
A·W·芒施
P·维恩斯特拉
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Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
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Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij BV
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of CN101815905A publication Critical patent/CN101815905A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C99/00—Subject-matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C13/00—Apparatus in which combustion takes place in the presence of catalytic material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/20—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone
    • F23D14/22—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone with separate air and gas feed ducts, e.g. with ducts running parallel or crossing each other
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/66—Preheating the combustion air or gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23C2900/99001—Cold flame combustion or flameless oxidation processes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery

Abstract

A flameless combustion heater (10) is described, that comprises an oxidation conduit (14) and a fuel conduit (12) positioned within the oxidation conduit to form an oxidation zone (13) having an inlet (26) and an outlet (30), said fuel conduit having a plurality of openings (20) that provide fluid communication from within the fuel conduit to the oxidation conduit wherein the longitudinal axis (22) of at least one opening forms an oblique angle with the inner surface of the oxidation conduit. A method for providing heat to a process conduit is also described.

Description

Flameless combustion heater
Technical field
This invention relates to a kind of flameless combustion heater and a kind of method that is used for providing to a treatment process heat.
Background technology
At U.S.7, flameless combustion heater has been described in 025,940.This patent has been described a kind of aphlogistic treatment process heater that utilizes, and it is realized by fuel and combustion air being preheated to a temperature that is higher than the autoignition temperature of this mixture.This fuel is introduced with relatively little increment in time by a plurality of holes in the fuel gas conduit, and described a plurality of holes provide between fuel gas conduit and an oxidation reaction chamber and are communicated with.As stated in this patent, a treatment process chamber becomes heat exchange relationship with this oxidation reaction chamber.
Flameless combustion heater can experience and fuel conductor and the relevant problem of a plurality of opening, and these described openings provide connection to oxidation reaction chamber in this fuel gas conduit.Conventional flameless combustion heater has opening, and described opening has a longitudinal axis perpendicular to the inner surface of oxidation conduit.
Fuel by these vertical openings has the trend on the inner surface that directly strikes against this oxidation conduit.Therefore, usually between the inside of the outside of fuel conductor and this oxidation conduit, keep a minimum range to reduce the focus on this oxidation catheter wall.Can increase oxidant flow and clash into the problem that tends to, but can cause such as too much pressure degradation shortcoming to solve this.In addition, the fuel that withdraws from these vertical openings may not mix with oxidant well.This incomplete mixing can take place in the opening downstream immediately.
Common by the heat that flameless combustion provided to a certain extent along identical radial directed and directly concentrated in the opening downstream.Can cause adding unevenly the building material of hot heater like this, thereby cause the thermal expansion that tends to make fuel and oxidation guiding-tube bend.In addition, cause the inhomogeneous heating of the material that will heat by this heater like this.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of flameless combustion heater, the fuel conductor that it includes the oxidation conduit and has a plurality of openings, described a plurality of opening provides the extremely fluid of described oxidation conduit connection in this fuel conductor, and wherein the inner surface of the longitudinal axis of at least one opening and described oxidation conduit forms an oblique angle.
The present invention further provides a kind of method that is used for providing to a treatment process conduit heat, it comprises: the oxidation conduit is provided; Fuel conductor with a plurality of openings is provided, and described a plurality of openings provide fluid to be communicated with to described oxidation conduit in described fuel conductor, and wherein the inner surface of the longitudinal axis of at least one opening and described oxidation conduit forms an oblique angle; The treatment process conduit that becomes heat exchange relationship with described oxidation conduit is provided; Fuel is introduced in the described fuel conductor; Oxidant is introduced in this oxidation conduit; And this fuel is introduced in the oxidation conduit by described a plurality of openings.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 has described to have the two-tube flameless combustion heater of acute angle opening.
Figure 1A has described a sectional view of the heater of Fig. 1.
Figure 1B has described a sectional view of the heater of Fig. 1.
Fig. 2 has described to have three pipe flameless combustion heaters of acute angle opening.
Fig. 2 A has described a sectional view of the heater of Fig. 2.
Fig. 3 has described to have four pipe flameless combustion heaters of acute angle opening.
Fig. 3 A has described a sectional view of the heater of Fig. 3.
Fig. 4 has described to have the two-tube flameless combustion heater of obtuse angle opening.
Fig. 4 A has described a sectional view of the heater of Fig. 4.
Fig. 4 B has described a sectional view of the heater of Fig. 4.
Fig. 5 has described three pipe flameless combustion heaters with obtuse angle opening.
Fig. 5 A has described a sectional view of the heater of Fig. 5.
Fig. 6 has described to have four pipe flameless combustion heaters of obtuse angle opening.
Fig. 6 A has described a sectional view of the heater of Fig. 6.
Fig. 7 has described to have the two-tube flameless combustion heater of positive cutting opening.
Fig. 7 A has described a sectional view of the heater of Fig. 7.
Fig. 8 has described to have three pipe flameless combustion heaters of positive cutting opening.
Fig. 8 A has described a sectional view of the heater of Fig. 8.
Fig. 9 has described to have four pipe flameless combustion heaters of positive cutting opening.
Fig. 9 A has described a sectional view of the heater of Fig. 9.
Figure 10 has described to use the embodiment of a flameless combustion heater in the ethylbenzene dehydrogenation treatment process.
The specific embodiment
The invention provides a flameless combustion heater that is used for directly shifting by the heat energy that flameless combustion discharges of fuel.This heater has many possible purposes and application, comprises forming thing and heating treatment process stream heatedly down.This flameless combustion heater is particularly useful for and implements the treatment process combination of the endothermic reaction (for example, the dehydrogenation of alkyl aromatic compound and steam methane reforming).The invention provides the flameless combustion heater that has at least one opening in fuel conductor, the inner surface of this at least one opening and oxidation conduit forms an oblique angle.Angled opening has reduced the problem that the fuel bump on the inner surface with the oxidation conduit is associated and has improved fuel and oxidant mixing in the oxidation conduit.
Flameless combustion in the heater can realize in the following way: fully preheat oxidant stream and fuel stream, so that when these two stream combinations, the temperature of this mixture surpasses the autoignition temperature of this mixture, but the temperature of this mixture is less than as U.S.7,025, the temperature of passing through will cause when mixing rate limits mixing oxidation described in 940, this patent is incorporated herein with way of reference.The autoignition temperature of this mixture depends on the type and the fuel/oxidant ratio of fuel and oxidant.The autoignition temperature of the mixture that uses in the flameless combustion heater can be in 850 ℃ to 1400 ℃ scopes.If adopt oxidation catalyst in this heater, then this autoignition temperature can reduce, and this is because the catalyst of this type has reduced the autoignition temperature of this mixture effectively.
The mode that fuel conductor discharges with the heat that an expectation is provided provides the controllable rate of the fuel introducing that enters in the oxidation conduit.Hot release portion ground is determined that by the position and the number of opening this opening can be used to be used for each heater through finishing.Hot release can be constant on the length of heater, or it can reduce on the length of heater or increase.
Owing to there is not the visible flame that is associated with the flameless combustion of fuel, flameless combustion is reflected at than taking place under the temperature that viewed temperature is low in naked light heater commonly used.Because observed lower temperature, and direct-fired efficient, thus can use the lower cost material to design this heater, thus cause the Capital expenditure that reduces.
Flameless combustion heater has two primary clusterings: promptly, and oxidation conduit and fuel conductor.This oxidation conduit can be pipe or pipe, and it has the inlet that is used for oxidant, the outlet that is used for oxidation product and the flow path between this inlet and outlet.Suitable oxidant comprises air, oxygen and nitrous oxide.The oxidant that is introduced in the oxidation conduit can be through preheating, so that with fuel mix the time, mixture is in a temperature that is higher than the autoignition temperature of this mixture.This oxidant can be in this flameless combustion heater external heat.Another is chosen as, this oxidant can by with the inner stream of this heater in any one carry out heat exchange and inner by through heating at this heater.This oxidation conduit can have the internal diameter of about 2cm to about 20cm.Yet, the visual heater demand of oxidizer manifold and be greater than or less than this scope.
Fuel conductor transfers to fuel in the heater and is introduced into to the oxidation conduit.This fuel conductor can be pipe or pipe, and it has the inlet of fuel and a plurality of openings that are communicated with to the fluid of oxidation conduit are provided in this fuel conductor.This fuel conductor can be positioned at the oxidation conduit and by its around.Fuel is by described opening and enter in the oxidation conduit, and fuel mixes and cause flameless combustion with oxidant herein.Fuel conductor can have about 1cm to about 10cm, and preferably about 1.5cm is to the internal diameter of about 5cm.Yet according to designing requirement, fuel conductor can have greater than 10cm or less than the diameter of 1cm.
The problem that the geometry of a plurality of openings in the fuel conductor, orientation and position can cause with fluid and the hybrid dynamics that overcomes owing to heater system through design.These openings can be through piercing or cut to the wall of fuel conductor.The wall of fuel conductor has the thickness of about 0.25cm to about 2.5cm usually.Described opening can have circle, ellipse, rectangle, another shape or even erose cross section.Described opening preferably has circular cross-section.
Described opening can have about 0.001cm 2To about 2cm 2, preferably about 0.03cm 2To about 0.2cm 2Sectional area.The size of described opening is to be decided by the expected rate that the fuel that enters in the oxidation conduit is introduced, but too little opening can cause stopping up.Described opening can be located along fuel conductor, in axial direction leaves the distance of arbitrary other opening 1cm to 100cm.The preferably in axial direction spaced apart 15cm to 50cm of described opening.Described opening can be located along its corresponding sagittal plane with different orientations along the length of fuel conductor.For instance, the position of described opening can radially replace 180 degree in the plane along the length of fuel conductor, or it can replace 120 degree or 90 degree.Therefore, the location of described opening in fuel conductor can make that its length along fuel conductor is alternately directed in the sagittal plane, and makes its orientation alternately separate 30 degree to 180 degree.The radial directed of described opening preferably replaces with the angle of 60 degree to 120 degree along the length of fuel conductor.
In one embodiment, except that opening, also can use a sintered plate to provide fuel conductor to the fluid of oxide regions to be communicated with, and the opening in the sintered plate can have the diameter that is approximately the 10-100 micron.
Different opening along heater length has identical sectional area usually.In alternate embodiment, the sectional area of opening can differently discharge with the heat that expectation is provided.In addition, can differently discharge along the interval between the opening of fuel conductor with the heat that expectation is provided.Described opening is of similar shape usually.In alternate embodiment, opening can have different shapes.
Described opening has a longitudinal axis separately, and this longitudinal axis is defined by the line that connects kernel of section at each end place of this opening.This fuel conductor also has a longitudinal axis, and this longitudinal axis is defined by the line of the kernel of section that connects this conduit.
As the term acute angle that uses in this article is the angle that is defined between 0 and 90 degree.As the term obtuse angle that uses in this article is the angle that is defined between 90 and 180 degree.Term oblique angle as use in this article is the angle that is defined as acute angle or obtuse angle.
This flameless combustion heater can comprise the treatment process conduit that carries the treatment process fluid in addition, and wherein this treatment process conduit becomes heat exchange relationship with this oxidation conduit.In this heater, comprise the direct heating that the treatment process conduit then allows treatment of process streams.This treatment process conduit selectively is used to implement a chemical reaction.This treatment process conduit can contain catalyst to promote this chemical reaction.This heater is especially useful to implementing the endothermic reaction, and this is because heat is added directly to this treatment process between this stage of reaction.For example, this heater can be incorporated into to dehydrogenation reactor and is converted to cinnamic dehydrogenation reaction with direct heating ethylbenzene.
This flameless combustion heater selectively comprises an oxidizer manifold.This oxidizer manifold has the inlet that is used for oxidant and is used for outlet through pre-warmed oxidant, and this outlet is communicated with the inlet fluid of oxidation conduit.This oxidizer manifold becomes heat exchange relationship with oxidation conduit and/or treatment process conduit, and it provides direct heat oxidant is preheated to enough temperature, so that when mixing in the oxidation conduit with fuel, this mixture is in or is higher than autoignition temperature.
One pre-heater is used in oxidant and enters and it is preheated before this heater.One pre-heater can be arbitrary device or the mode that heat is provided.This pre-heater can (for example) be heat exchanger or flameless combustion heater commonly used.
To further describe the preferred embodiment of this flameless combustion heater with respect to the accompanying drawing that is provided in this application case below.
Fig. 1-3 has described to have the embodiment of the flameless combustion heater that is called the acute angle opening hereinafter.Fig. 1 has described a flameless combustion heater 10, and it has fuel region 11 that is formed by fuel conductor 12 and the oxide regions 13 that is formed by oxidation conduit 14.The heater of this type is called twin-tube heater.In this embodiment, fuel conductor 12 is a cylindrical tube, and it has inlet 24 and a plurality of opening 20 that is used for fuel.The longitudinal axis 22 of described opening forms acute angle 34 with the inner surface of oxidation conduit 14.Oxidation conduit 14 is the cylindrical tube around fuel conductor 12 concentric locatings, and oxidation conduit 14 has and is used for through the inlet 26 of pre-warmed oxidant and is used for the outlet 30 of combustion product.In alternate embodiment, oxidant can be introduced in Reference numeral 30 indications place, and combustion product can provide the reverse flow of fuel and oxidant like this withdrawing from this heater in Reference numeral 26 indications place.Fuel is compared the better mixing that fuel and oxidant can be provided with the reverse flow of oxidant with co-flow.This mobile direction can change with the mixing of the expectation that is suitable for concrete heater application and heat release.During operating, fuel enters fuel region 11 via inlet 24 and then mixes in oxide regions 13 with through pre-warmed oxidant after it is by angled opening 20.Opening 20 is angled along the direction relative with fuel inlet 24.
When the fuel inlet 24 of fuel conductor 12 is measured, described opening is arranged so that the inner surface of the longitudinal axis of opening and oxidation conduit forms the angles less than 90 degree.These openings are called the acute angle opening hereinafter.The longitudinal axis of opening preferably forms the angles of 20 degree to 80 degree with the inner surface of oxidation conduit, more preferably forms the angles of 30 degree to 75 degree, and most preferably forms the angles of 50 degree to 70 degree.
Figure 1A is the sectional view of Fig. 1 of A-A extraction along the line.This figure has described the longitudinal axis of its split shed and a crossing embodiment of longitudinal axis of fuel conductor.
Figure 1B is the sectional view of Fig. 1 of B-B extraction along the line.The longitudinal axis that this figure has described its split shed leaves longitudinal axis one segment distance 40 of fuel conductor so that disjoint another embodiment of above-mentioned two axial lines.Be called the positive cutting opening of acute angle hereinafter at these openings.
Heater can have as sectional view of being described among Figure 1A (acute angle opening) or the sectional view (the positive cutting opening of acute angle) as being described among Figure 1B.In alternate embodiment, heater can have the combination of acute angle opening and the positive cutting opening of acute angle and the sectional view of Figure 1A and Figure 1B will be represented the sectional view of identical heater at the difference place of this heater.
The angle of acute angle opening forms the fuel that withdraws from this opening is pointed to along the direction relative with the fuel conductor inlet.The acute angle opening causes than the low peak temperature, has reduced like this will use more not expensive material to the dangerous and permission of heater material in heater configuration.In addition, the acute angle opening allows the distance between fuel conductor and the oxidation conduit to reduce, thereby causes heater less and reduce Capital expenditure.
The positive cutting opening of acute angle radially provides more uniform heat to discharge.Uniform heating profile and fuel mix with the improvement of oxidant to use the positive cutting opening of acute angle also to provide more.Use the positive cutting opening of acute angle also to allow this flameless combustion heater under than the higher fuel/air ratio of the flameless combustion heater with representative vertical opening, to operate.When the needs less air, the oxidation conduit can be less, therefore reduces Capital expenditure.
Fig. 2 has described a flameless combustion heater 10, and it has fuel conductor 12, oxidation conduit 14 and treatment process conduit 16.The heater of this type is called three pipe heaters and can be used for direct heating to the treatment process fluid.Three pipe heaters depicted in figure 2 are similar to Fig. 1, and fuel conductor and oxidation conduit are identical.Yet in Fig. 2, a treatment process zone 15 is to be formed by treatment process conduit 16.Treatment process conduit 16 is a cylindrical tube, and it has the inlet 32 that is used for treatment of process streams and is used for the outlet 28 of the treatment of process streams through heating.Another is chosen as, and this treatment of process streams can enter the treatment process conduit in Reference numeral 28 indications place, and withdraws from the treatment process conduit to provide the treatment process that flows in the same way with the oxidation conduit mobile in Reference numeral 32 indications place.
Fig. 2 A is the sectional view of Fig. 2 of 2A-2A extraction along the line.Fig. 2 A has described the longitudinal axis of its split shed and the crossing embodiment of longitudinal axis of fuel conductor.Another embodiment (not shown) includes opening, and the longitudinal axis of wherein said openings leaves longitudinal axis one segment distance of fuel conductor so that described two axial lines is non-intersect.
Fig. 3 has described a flameless combustion heater 100, and it has fuel conductor 102, oxidation conduit 104, treatment process conduit 108 and oxidizer manifold 106.Fuel region 111 is that the fuel conductor 102 by cylindrical tube or pipe form forms, and has angled opening 126 along this cylindrical tube.Oxide regions 113 is formed by oxidation conduit 104, and oxidation conduit 104 is cylindrical and concentric with this fuel conductor.Treatment process zone 117 is formed by treatment process conduit 108, and this treatment process zone can be the shell-side of cylindrical tube or a shell and tube heat exchanger.Oxidant zone 115 is to be formed by oxidizer manifold 106, and oxidizer manifold 106 is cylindrical and concentric with described oxidation conduit.During operating, fuel enters fuel conductor and withdraws from this fuel conductor in angled opening 126 places in inlet 110 place.Angled opening 126 is along angled away from the direction of fuel inlet 110.Oxidant enters oxidizer manifold and withdraws from this oxidizer manifold in oxidation duct entry 120 places in oxidant inlet 114 places.Oxidant preheats in oxidant zone 115.Through pre-warmed oxidant with withdraw from this heater from the fuel mix and the combustion product of opening 126 in oxidation conduit outlet 112 places.One treatment of process streams can enter and withdraw from or it can enter and can withdraw from Reference numeral 116 indications place in Reference numeral 118 indications place in Reference numeral 118 indications place in Reference numeral 116 indications place.
This embodiment is different from the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 and 2 in some aspects.Oxidant preheats in heater inside, and this is because it is introduced into oxidation conduit and treatment process conduit to become in the oxidizer manifold of heat exchange relationship.This oxidant preheats before also can be in being introduced into oxidizer manifold.The treatment process conduit becomes heat exchange relationship with the part of oxidant and oxidation conduit.These different embodiment use for the design heater provides more freedom satisfying the requirement of treatment process, and in conjunction with design feature to regain extra heat from aphlogistic combustion product.
Fig. 3 A is the sectional view of Fig. 3 of 3A-3A extraction along the line.This figure has described the longitudinal axis of its split shed and the crossing embodiment of longitudinal axis of fuel conductor.Another embodiment (not shown) includes opening, and the longitudinal axis of wherein said opening is apart from longitudinal axis one segment distance of fuel conductor, so that described two axial lines is non-intersect.
Fig. 4-6 has described to have the embodiment of the flameless combustion heater that is called the obtuse angle opening hereinafter.Fig. 4 has described a flameless combustion heater 10 that is similar to two-tube flameless combustion heater depicted in figure 1, though opening is angled along different directions.Angled opening 20 is along angled towards the direction of fuel conductor inlet.
When the arrival end of fuel conductor is measured, these openings have makes the inner surface of the longitudinal axis of opening and oxidation conduit form the angles greater than 90 degree.These openings are called the obtuse angle opening hereinafter.The longitudinal axis of opening preferably forms 100 ° to 160 ° angle with the inner surface of oxidation conduit, more preferably form 105 ° to 145 ° angle, and most preferably form 110 ° to 130 ° angle.
The longitudinal axis of opening can intersect with the longitudinal axis of fuel conductor, as describing among Fig. 4 A.In alternate embodiment, the longitudinal axis of opening can be apart from longitudinal axis one segment distance 40 of fuel conductor, so that described two axial lines is non-intersect, and as describing among Fig. 4 B, and this opening is called the positive cutting opening in obtuse angle hereinafter.The positive cutting opening in obtuse angle provides and the similar benefit of the positive cutting opening of acute angle.
The obtuse angle opening cause the fuel flow turbulence that increases usually and in the oxidation conduit with the mixing of oxidant, thereby improvement flameless combustion reaction.In addition, the many identical benefit that the obtuse angle opening provides the acute angle opening to provide for example, allows the distance between fuel conductor and the oxidation conduit to reduce, thereby causes heater less and reduce Capital expenditure.
Fig. 5 has described to be similar to the flameless combustion heater 10 of three pipe flameless combustion heaters depicted in figure 2.Yet Fig. 5 has described the obtuse angle opening in the aforesaid heater.Fig. 5 A is the sectional view of Fig. 5 of 5A-5A extraction along the line.
Fig. 6 has described a flameless combustion heater 100 that is similar to four pipe flameless combustion heaters depicted in figure 3.Yet Fig. 6 has described the obtuse angle opening in this heater.Fig. 6 A is the sectional view of Fig. 6 of 6A-6A extraction along the line.
Fig. 7-9 has described to be called hereinafter the embodiment of the flameless combustion heater of positive cutting opening.Fig. 7 has described a flameless combustion heater 10 that is similar to two-tube flameless combustion heater depicted in figure 1, though opening is angled along different directions.Positive cutting opening 20 is not angled along the direction of fuel conductor inlet or outlet.Fig. 7 A is the sectional view of Fig. 7 of 7A-7A extraction along the line.
These positive cutting openings form and make the longitudinal axis of opening leave longitudinal axis one segment distance 40 of fuel conductor, so that described two axial lines is non-intersect.Distance between the longitudinal axis of described opening and the longitudinal axis of fuel conductor can be greater than 1/4th of the inside radius of this fuel conductor, is preferably greater than half of inside radius of this fuel conductor, and more preferably greater than 3/4ths of the inside radius of this fuel conductor.
Positive cutting opening is similar to the positive cutting opening of positive cutting opening of acute angle and obtuse angle and radially provides more uniform heat to discharge.
Fig. 8 has described a flameless combustion heater 10 that is similar to three pipe flameless combustion heaters depicted in figure 2.Yet Fig. 8 has described the positive cutting opening in the aforesaid heater.Fig. 8 A is the sectional view of Fig. 8 of 8A-8A extraction along the line.
Fig. 9 has described a flameless combustion heater 100 that is similar to four pipe flameless combustion heaters depicted in figure 3.Yet Fig. 9 has described the positive cutting opening in this heater.Fig. 9 A is the sectional view of Fig. 9 of 9A-9A extraction along the line.
This flameless combustion heater can be used and operate under multiple condition according to particular configuration and this heater of this heater.At U.S.5, various examples and condition are described in 255,742 and U.S.7,025,940, these patents are incorporated herein with way of reference.
Figure 10 has described the use of flameless combustion heater in the ethylbenzene dehydrogenation unit.The treatment process feed that contains steam and ethylbenzene is via conduit 202 feeding dehydrogenation reactors 204.Dehydrogenation reactor 204 contains suitable dehydrogenation (can be the catalyst based on iron oxide), and is provided for member that this treatment process feed is contacted with this dehydrogenation.The dehydrogenation reactor effluent is discharged and is introduced in the flameless combustion heater 208 by treatment process fluid inlet 210 from dehydrogenation reactor 204 by conduit 206.
Because dehydrogenation reaction is the endothermic reaction, so the dehydrogenation reactor effluent will have the low temperature of temperature than the treatment process feed that arrives dehydrogenation reactor 204.Flameless combustion heater 208 is used for before the dehydrogenation reactor effluent is introduced into second level dehydrogenation reactor 212 it being heated.Heated treatment process fluid will be from flameless combustion heater 208 by its exhaust outlet 214 and conduit 216 and be introduced into the second level dehydrogenation reactor 212 as feed.The dehydrogenation reactor effluent is discharged from second level reactor 212 by conduit 218.The dehydrogenation treatment process can be by implementing more than two reactors, and in this case, flameless combustion heater can place each extra reactor front.
Fuel is introduced into flameless combustion heater 208 by conduit 220 and by fuel inlet 222.Oxidant is introduced in the heater 208 by conduit 224 and by oxidant inlet 226.Combustion product is discharged from flameless combustion heater 208 by conduit 228.
Show that in this embodiment a pre-heater 230 is used for before oxidant enters heater 208 it being preheated.This pre-heater is an optional part of this heater system.
By arbitrary change of the details of described aperture position and geometry, flameless combustion heater described herein can be used in arbitrary application.

Claims (15)

1. flameless combustion heater, comprise the oxidation conduit and have the fuel conductor of a plurality of openings, described a plurality of opening provides the extremely fluid of described oxidation conduit connection in described fuel conductor, and wherein, the inner surface of the longitudinal axis of at least one opening and described oxidation conduit forms the oblique angle.
2. heater as claimed in claim 1, wherein, when when the arrival end of described fuel conductor is measured, the inner surface of the longitudinal axis of described at least one opening and described oxidation conduit forms acute angle.
3. heater as claimed in claim 1, wherein, when when the described arrival end of described fuel conductor is measured, the inner surface of the longitudinal axis of described at least one opening and described oxidation conduit forms the obtuse angle.
4. as each described heater among the claim 1-3, wherein, the inner surface of major part in the described opening and described oxidation conduit forms the oblique angle.
5. as each described heater among the claim 1-4, the longitudinal axis of wherein said at least one opening is not crossing with the longitudinal axis of described fuel conductor.
6. heater as claimed in claim 5, wherein, the distance between the longitudinal axis of described opening and the longitudinal axis of described fuel conductor is greater than 1/4th of the inside radius of described fuel conductor.
7. as each described heater among the claim 1-6, wherein, the inner surface of the longitudinal axis of an opening and described oxidation conduit forms one first angle, and the inner surface of the longitudinal axis of another opening and described oxidation conduit formation one is not equal to second angle of described first angle.
8. as each described heater among the claim 1-7, wherein, at least one opening has circular cross-section.
9. as each described heater among the claim 1-8, wherein, opening has the sectional area greater than the sectional area of another opening.
10. as each described heater among the claim 1-9, it further includes oxidizer manifold, and described oxidizer manifold has the inlet of oxidant and through the outlet of pre-warmed oxidant, described outlet is communicated with the inlet fluid of described oxidation conduit.
11. as each described heater among the claim 1-10, it further comprises the treatment process conduit that becomes heat exchange relationship with described oxidation conduit.
12. as each described heater among the claim 1-11, it further comprises the pre-heater that is communicated with described flameless combustion heater fluid, wherein said pre-heater can preheat described oxidant to residing temperature when described oxidant mixes in described oxidation conduit with fuel, and the temperature of the mixture of described oxidant and fuel surpasses the autoignition temperature of described mixture.
13. as each described heater among the claim 11-12, wherein, described oxidizer manifold becomes heat exchange relationship with described treatment process conduit.
14. as each described heater among the claim 1-13, wherein, described heater further comprises oxidation catalyst.
15. one kind provides the method for heat to the treatment process conduit, it comprises:
The oxidation conduit is provided;
Fuel conductor with a plurality of openings is provided, and described a plurality of openings provide the extremely fluid of described oxidation conduit connection in described fuel conductor, and wherein the inner surface of the longitudinal axis of at least one opening and described oxidation conduit forms the oblique angle;
The treatment process conduit that becomes heat exchange relationship with described oxidation conduit is provided;
Fuel is introduced in the described fuel conductor;
Oxidant is introduced in the described oxidation conduit; And
By described a plurality of openings described fuel is introduced in the described oxidation conduit, so that in described oxidation conduit, flameless combustion takes place.
CN200880025513A 2007-07-20 2008-07-17 a flameless combustion heater Pending CN101815905A (en)

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WO2009014980A2 (en) 2009-01-29
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