CN101810999B - 烧结机部分烟气脱硝系统及其方法 - Google Patents
烧结机部分烟气脱硝系统及其方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101810999B CN101810999B CN201010169557XA CN201010169557A CN101810999B CN 101810999 B CN101810999 B CN 101810999B CN 201010169557X A CN201010169557X A CN 201010169557XA CN 201010169557 A CN201010169557 A CN 201010169557A CN 101810999 B CN101810999 B CN 101810999B
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- Prior art keywords
- flue gas
- nitrogen oxide
- bellows
- sintering
- denitrating
- Prior art date
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- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrous Oxide Chemical compound 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[O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 229910001874 nitric oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 229910052813 nitrogen oxides Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000003009 desulfurizing Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000007789 gases Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon monoxide Chemical compound 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[O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 85
- 239000003546 flue gases Substances 0.000 claims description 81
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound 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[Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000006477 desulfuration reactions Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reactions Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reactions Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910002089 NOx Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 43
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000003517 fumes Substances 0.000 abstract 8
- 230000003247 decreasing Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitric oxide Chemical compound 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- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- DVARTQFDIMZBAA-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium nitrate Chemical compound 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- 229910000118 calcium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound 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[C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种烧结机部分烟气脱硝系统及其方法，包括氮氧化物高浓度区域风箱A、氮氧化物低浓度区域风箱B、脱硝除尘器、脱硝装置、除尘器、脱硫装置、风机以及烟囱。脱硝除尘器连接风箱A，收集该区域风箱中的烟气，脱硝除尘器依次连接脱硝装置和脱硫装置，将除尘并脱硝后的烟气导入脱硫装置。除尘器连接风箱B，收集该区域中的烟气，除尘器连接脱硫装置，将除尘后的烟气导入脱硫装置。脱硫装置连接烟囱，将烟气脱硫后排放入大气。该方法包括以下步骤：收集高浓度区域的烟气并且先除尘、后脱硝；收集低浓度区域的烟气并除尘；将上述两部分的烟气共同脱硫；将脱硫后的气体排放到大气。采用本发明的技术方案，NOx总排放量减少60％左右，降低了建设投资和运行成本。
Description
烧结机部分烟气脱硝系统及其方法
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及钢铁冶金领域的烧结机烟气氮氧化物减排技术，具体地说是涉及一种钢铁行业铁前系统烧结机部分烟气脱硝系统及其方法。
背景技术
[0002] 烧结生产是现代钢铁生产的重要工艺单元，生产过程中将产生大量的大气污染物，是钢铁联合企业的第一污染大户；烧结单元排放的NOx —般要占到全厂排放总量的 60%左右（不含自备电厂），是钢铁联合企业的第一 NOx污染大户。目前，国家对烧结脱氮氧化物尚无明确要求；但“十一五”末国家已将“氮氧化物减排”提上议事日程（主要是对电力行业），预计在“十二五”中后期将会对钢铁行业烧结机氮氧化物减排提出明确要求。
[0003] 目前，国内燃烧烟气氮氧化物减排技术已经在电厂开始应用，技术上也相对成熟， 但烧结机烟气脱硝仍属空白。烧结机烟气与电厂燃煤锅炉烟气有很大的不同，将电厂脱硝工艺直接搬到钢铁行业的烧结机上是行不通的，这是因为：烧结机烟气量大、NOx平均浓度远低于电厂燃煤锅炉烟气，全烟气脱硝不仅脱除效率低，而且单位NOx的脱除成本也会高得惊人。
[0004] 现在国内已有有识之士意识到这方面的问题，并已开展了这方面的研究，如专利公开号为CN200810047472. 7的“烧结机烟气多污染物脱除工艺及其系统”。该技术是将烧结机尾部的烟气单独收集并直接送脱硝装置进行脱硝处理，此部位的烟气温度是脱硝比较适宜的温度；但是烟气中的NOx浓度偏低，而且采用的选择性催化还原法（SCR)脱硝技术并不适合未经除尘的烧结烟气，因此难以达到预期效果。
[0005] 有鉴于此，寻求一种钢铁行业铁前系统烧结机部分烟气脱硝系统及其方法成为该领域技术人员的追求目标。
发明内容
[0006] 本发明的任务是提供一种烧结机部分烟气脱硝系统及其方法，它解决了上述现有技术所存在的问题，达到了将烧结机排放的烟气脱硝，且结构简单，投入资金少，使用方便安全的目的。
[0007] 本发明的技术解决方案如下：
[0008] 一种烧结机部分烟气脱硝系统，按氮氧化物浓度高低将烧结机台车下部的所有抽风箱划分为高浓度区域和低浓度区域，包括氮氧化物高浓度区域风箱A、氮氧化物低浓度区域风箱B、脱硝除尘器、脱硝装置、除尘器、脱硫装置、风机以及烟囱；
[0009] 所述脱硝除尘器连接氮氧化物高浓度区域风箱A，收集该区域风箱中的烟气，脱硝除尘器依次连接脱硝装置和脱硫装置，将除尘并脱硝后的烟气导入脱硫装置；
[0010] 所述除尘器连接氮氧化物低浓度区域风箱B，收集该区域中的烟气，除尘器连接脱硫装置，将除尘后的烟气导入脱硫装置；
[0011] 所述脱硫装置连接烟@，将烟气脱硫后排放入大气；[0012] 所述风机设置在脱硫装置与烟囱之间的管道上。
[0013] 所述氮氧化物高浓度区域风箱A设置在烧结机台车下部的中央；所述氮氧化物低浓度区域风箱B设置在烧结机台车下部的两侧。
[0014] 所述氮氧化物高浓度区域风箱A占据烧结机台车下部总长度的50%。
[0015] 所述两侧的氮氧化物低浓度区域风箱B分别占据烧结机台车下部总长度的20% 和 30%。
[0016] 所述烧结机台车头部的氮氧化物低浓度区域风箱B占据烧结机台车下部总长度的20% ；所述烧结机台车尾部的氮氧化物低浓度区域风箱B占据烧结机台车下部总长度的 30%。
[0017] 一种烧结机部分烟气脱硝方法，采用所述的烧结机部分烟气脱硝系统，包括以下步骤：
[0018] A、收集高浓度区域的烟气并且先除尘、后脱硝；
[0019] B、收集低浓度区域的烟气并除尘；
[0020] C、将上述两部分的烟气共同脱硫；
[0021] D、将脱硫后的气体排放到大气。
[0022] 所述步骤A中采用选择性催化还原法进行脱硝，其反应温度为300°C左右。
[0023] 所述步骤A和步骤B的顺序可以替换或并列。
[0024] 通过研究烧结机氮氧化物的形成和各风箱排出烟气中氮氧化物的浓度变化规律，发现烧结机NOx的最高浓度大致出现在沿烧结台车水平方向的1/3处（而不是上述 CN200810047472. 7中提到的尾部）。这样，就可以将烧结台车下部各抽风箱分成两个区域， 即高NOx区域和低NOx区域：从烧结机机头开始的20%处到70%处之间的抽风箱为高NOx 区域（即A区域），此区段之外的其它抽风箱均属低NOx区域（即B区域），如图1所示。
[0025] 通过进一步研究还发现，烧结机烟气与电厂燃煤锅炉烟气有很大的不同：烧结烟气中含有相当数量的碱金属氯化物、重金属氯化物、钙氧化物以及浓度相对较高的碳氢有机化合物，有的烟气中的HCl和HF浓度也比较高，而且烟气湿度也比较大。在如此恶劣的烟气条件下，一般的SCR法脱硝装置是难以正常运行的。
[0026] 对于选择性催化还原法（SCR)烟气脱硝而言，有高尘系统、低尘系统和洁净气系统三种，每种系统都有其自身的特点。迄今为止，仍然只有洁净气系统才适合烧结烟气，也就是说，SCR法脱硝对烧结烟气中的含尘浓度有极严格的要求。实际运行时烟气温度应控制在300°C左右。
[0027] 烧结烟气脱硝与电厂燃煤锅炉烟气脱硝不同的关键点是：电厂燃煤锅炉烟气脱硝装置设在省煤器与空气预热器之间（不需要另外加热），SCR法脱硝适合燃煤锅炉烟气的高尘条件，对烟气中的含尘量并无严格要求；而烧结烟气SCR法脱硝装置则必须设置在除尘器的后面，而且对烟气中的含尘浓度有极严格的要求（需要对烧结烟气再加热），否则SCR 催化剂就会丧失活性，甚至会形成具有爆炸性的硝酸铵等。
[0028] SCR法脱硝属干法，不会产生废水，至于脱硝效率则主要取决于催化剂的类型和进入SCR脱硝装置的NOx初始浓度。对于烧结机烟气，如果NOx初始浓度比较高，脱除率一般可以达到80%以上；如果选择了合适的催化剂，理想情况下脱除率可以达到90%以上。
[0029] 本发明由于采用了以上技术方案，使之与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下优点：[0030] 1、烧结机高NOx(A区域）烟气量大约占整台烧结机烟气总量的40%〜50%，其 NOx产生量则要占到整台烧结机NOx产生总量的70%以上；只对高NOx烟气（A区域）进行 SCR脱硝，这样就可以将脱硝烟气量减少到全烟气量的一半，与全烟气脱硝相比，建设投资可以降低30%左右。
[0031] 2、高NOx烟气（A区域）中的NOx浓度是全烟气平均浓度的2〜3倍，由于烟气中 NOx浓度的提高还能基本上达到电厂燃煤锅炉烟气的脱硝效率；与全烟气脱硝相比，单位 NOx脱除运行成本可以降低30 %〜40 %。
[0032] 3、采用本发明的技术方案，正常情况下NOx总排放量可以减少60%左右。 附图说明
[0033] 图1为本发明的一种烧结机部分烟气脱硝系统的结构示意图。
[0034] 图2为本发明的一种烧结机部分烟气脱硝方法的流程图。
[0035] 图3为实施例中烧结机各风箱排出烟气的氮氧化物相对浓度分布情况示意图。
[0036] 附图标记：
[0037] 1为脱硝除尘器，2为脱硝装置，3为除尘器，4为脱硫装置，5为风机，6为烟囱，A为氮氧化物高浓度区域风箱，B为氮氧化物低浓度区域风箱。
具体实施方式
[0038] 下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作详细说明。
[0039] 参看图1，本发明的一种烧结机部分烟气脱硝系统，按氮氧化物浓度高低将烧结机台车下部的所有抽风箱划分为高浓度区域和低浓度区域，该系统包括脱硝除尘器1、脱硝装置2、除尘器3、脱硫装置4、风机5、烟® 6、氮氧化物高浓度区域风箱A以及氮氧化物低浓度区域风箱B。
[0040] 脱硝除尘器1连接氮氧化物高浓度区域风箱A，收集该区域风箱中的烟气，脱硝除尘器1依次连接脱硝装置2和脱硫装置4，将除尘并脱硝后的烟气导入脱硫装置4。
[0041] 除尘器3连接氮氧化物低浓度区域风箱B，收集该区域中的烟气，除尘器3连接脱硫装置4，将除尘后的烟气导入脱硫装置4。
[0042] 脱硫装置4连接烟@ 6，将烟气脱硫后排放入大气。风机5设置在脱硫装置4与烟囱6之间的管道上，促进脱硫的烟气快速导入烟囱6。
[0043] 氮氧化物高浓度区域风箱A设置在烧结机台车下部的中央。氮氧化物高浓度区域风箱A占据烧结机台车下部总长度的50%。
[0044] 氮氧化物低浓度区域风箱B设置在烧结机台车下部的两侧。两侧的氮氧化物低浓度区域风箱B分别占据烧结机台车下部总长度的20%和30%。烧结机台车头部的氮氧化物低浓度区域风箱B占据烧结机台车下部总长度的20%。烧结机台车尾部的氮氧化物低浓度区域风箱B占据烧结机台车下部总长度的30%。
[0045] 参看图2，本发明还提供了一种烧结机部分烟气脱硝方法，采用上述烧结机部分烟气脱硝系统，包括以下步骤：
[0046] A、收集高浓度区域的烟气并且先除尘、后脱硝。
[0047] B、收集低浓度区域的烟气并除尘。[0048] C、将上述两部分的烟气共同脱硫。
[0049] D、将脱硫后的气体排放到大气。
[0050] 步骤A中采用选择性催化还原法进行脱硝，其反应温度为300°C左右。步骤A和步骤B的顺序可以替换或并列。
[0051 ] 这里所说的选择催化还原法是通过将NH3作还原剂将NOx催化还原为N2和H2O ；烟气中的氧气很少与NH3反应，放热量小。
[0052] 故此，本发明可以具体地通过图1及图2来实现。
[0053] 参看图3，将高NOx烟气（A区域)和低NOx烟气（B区域)分别收集，高NOx烟气 (A区域）经除尘后进入脱硝装置脱除NOx，然后再与经过除尘后的低NOx烟气（B区域）合并一起送脱硫装置，脱除以后通过烟囱排入大气环境。对低NOx烟气（B区域）不进行脱硝处理，因为脱除成本过高，而且脱除效率不高。
[0054] 本发明的实际应用情况如下：
[0055] 1、通过研究分析，将烧结机各风箱烟气按NOx浓度高低划分为高NOx浓度区域（A 区域）和低NOx浓度区域（B区域）。
[0056] 2、确定出NOx浓度高的风箱（A区域），将其排出的烟气单独收集。
[0057] 3、收集的这部分高NOx烟气（A区域）经脱硝除尘器1除尘后进入脱硝装置2，然后再与经过除尘器3除尘以后的低NOx区域（B区域）收集的烟气合并后送入脱硫装置4， 最后达标排放。
[0058] 4、SCR法脱硝需要对烧结烟气再加热至300°C左右。
[0059] 5、具体实施时，最好能对NOx进行实测。对现有的烧结机，应对各风箱NOx的实际产生浓度进行监测，根据实测结果确定出需要进行脱硝处理的风箱。对于新建、改扩建烧结机，可以对相同规模及相同生产工况的烧结机进行类比性监测，并根据监测结果确定需要进行脱硝处理的风箱。
[0060] 本发明的实施例中，通过研究烧结机各风箱中的氮氧化物浓度，按其浓度高低划分，将烧结机台车下部的所有抽风箱划分为高浓度区域（A区域）和低浓度区域（B区域）。 选取氮氧化物浓度高的风箱（A区域），将其中的烟气单独收集。收集的这部分烟气经脱硝除尘器1除尘后进入脱硝装置2进行脱硝处理，然后再与经过除尘器3除尘后的低浓度区域（B区域）烟气合并后送脱硫装置4，净化达标后通过烟® 6排入大气。这样可以使脱硝装置的烟气处理量减少50%左右，脱硝装置的建设投资和运行成本都将大幅度降低。 [0061 ] 本发明中的烧结机烟气与电厂燃煤锅炉烟气有很大的不同，烧结机烟气条件更加恶劣，一般的选择性催化还原法（SCR)脱硝装置无法正常运行；对于SCR法烟气脱硝，只有洁净气系统才适合烧结烟气，也就是说SCR法脱硝对烧结烟气中的含尘浓度有极严格的要求。
[0062] 烧结烟气脱硝实际运行温度控制在300°C左右，因为只能设在除尘器之后，需要对烧结烟气再加热。
[0063] 本发明的关键在于揭示了烧结生产过程中NOx的形成情况和烧结机各风箱排出烟气中NOx的浓度变化规律，并将其划分为高NOx区域（A区域）和低NOx区域（B区域）， 对高NOx烟气（A区域）和低NOx烟气（B区域）分别收集，减少了后序脱硝装置需要处理的烟气量；同时还揭示了烧结机烟气与电厂燃煤锅炉烟气的不同，选择性催化还原法（SCR)脱硝只适用于洁净的烧结烟气。
[0064] 当然，本技术领域内的一般技术人员应当认识到，上述实施例仅是用来说明本发明，而并非用作对本发明的限定，只要在本发明的实质精神范围内，对上述实施例的变化、 变型等都将落在本发明权利要求的范围内。
Claims (8)
1. 一种烧结机部分烟气脱硝系统，按氮氧化物浓度高低将烧结机台车下部的所有抽风箱划分为高浓度区域和低浓度区域，其特征在于：包括氮氧化物高浓度区域风箱A、氮氧化物低浓度区域风箱B、脱硝除尘器、脱硝装置、除尘器、脱硫装置、风机以及烟囱；所述脱硝除尘器连接氮氧化物高浓度区域风箱A，收集该氮氧化物高浓度区域风箱A 中的烟气，脱硝除尘器依次连接脱硝装置和脱硫装置，将除尘并脱硝后的烟气导入脱硫装置；所述除尘器连接氮氧化物低浓度区域风箱B，收集该氮氧化物低浓度区域风箱B中的烟气，除尘器连接脱硫装置，将除尘后的烟气导入脱硫装置；所述脱硫装置连接烟®，将烟气脱硫后排放入大气；所述风机设置在脱硫装置与烟®之间的管道上。
2.如权利要求1所述的烧结机部分烟气脱硝系统，其特征在于：所述氮氧化物高浓度区域风箱A设置在烧结机台车下部的中央；所述氮氧化物低浓度区域风箱B设置在烧结机台车下部的两侧。
3.如权利要求2所述的烧结机部分烟气脱硝系统，其特征在于：所述氮氧化物高浓度区域风箱A占据烧结机台车下部总长度的50%。
4.如权利要求2所述的烧结机部分烟气脱硝系统，其特征在于：所述两侧的氮氧化物低浓度区域风箱B分别占据烧结机台车下部总长度的20%和30%。
5.如权利要求2所述的烧结机部分烟气脱硝系统，其特征在于：所述烧结机台车头部的氮氧化物低浓度区域风箱B占据烧结机台车下部总长度的20% ；所述烧结机台车尾部的氮氧化物低浓度区域风箱B占据烧结机台车下部总长度的 30%。
6. 一种烧结机部分烟气脱硝方法，采用权利要求1所述的烧结机部分烟气脱硝系统， 其特征在于：包括以下步骤：A、收集高浓度区域的烟气并且先除尘、后脱硝；B、收集低浓度区域的烟气并除尘；C、将上述两部分的烟气共同脱硫；D、将脱硫后的气体排放到大气。
7.如权利要求6所述的烧结机部分烟气脱硝方法，其特征在于：所述步骤A中采用选择性催化还原法进行脱硝，其反应温度为30(TC左右。
8.如权利要求6所述的烧结机部分烟气脱硝方法，其特征在于：所述步骤A和步骤B的顺序可以替换或并列。
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