CN101791072A - Maize straw ensilage process and ensilage pool for farmers - Google Patents
Maize straw ensilage process and ensilage pool for farmers Download PDFInfo
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- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 235000016383 Zea mays subsp huehuetenangensis Nutrition 0.000 title 1
- 235000009973 maize Nutrition 0.000 title 1
- 239000004460 silage Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 235000019629 palatability Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002528 anti-freeze Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 abstract description 6
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000015278 beef Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 235000021049 nutrient content Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013365 dairy product Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000005911 diet Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000378 dietary effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012631 food intake Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000004213 low-fat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000015277 pork Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种户用玉米秸秆青贮方法和青贮池，在玉米收获完后，立即将新鲜的玉米秸秆切碎，放入青贮池内，喷淋尿素、红糖、食盐，分层堆积，压实，密封，排气，经过40～45天即可得到适口性强、营养价值高的青贮饲料。尿素、红糖、食盐使用量按照秸秆重量比例计算，尿素：4～6kg·t-1，红糖：2～3kg·t-1，食盐：0.5～1kg·t-1。青贮池底部为圆形，并留一个排水孔(直径10cm)，青贮池四周上沿为凹槽状，凹槽内放入自来水，青贮池上覆盖塑料膜，用重物在凹槽处压紧塑料膜，便于玉米秸秆青贮饲料的密封保存。青贮的玉米秸秆饲料，可以保持80～90％的营养成分。本发明实用性强，简便易行，能为农户牛羊养殖提供良好的青饲料来源。
The invention provides a household corn stalk silage method and a silage pond. After the corn is harvested, the fresh corn stalks are chopped immediately, put into the silage pond, sprayed with urea, brown sugar and salt, stacked in layers, and compacted. , sealed, vented, and after 40 to 45 days, silage with strong palatability and high nutritional value can be obtained. The amount of urea, brown sugar and salt used is calculated according to the weight ratio of straw, urea: 4~6kg·t -1 , brown sugar: 2~3kg·t -1 , salt: 0.5~1kg·t -1 . The bottom of the silo pond is round, and a drainage hole (diameter 10cm) is left. The upper edge of the silo pond is groove-shaped, and tap water is placed in the groove. The silo pond is covered with plastic film, and the plastic film is pressed against the groove with a heavy object film, which is convenient for the sealed storage of corn stalk silage. Silage corn stalk feed can maintain 80-90% of the nutrients. The invention has strong practicability, is simple and easy to implement, and can provide a good source of green fodder for farmers to breed cattle and sheep.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及玉米秸秆青贮方法及青贮池。The invention relates to a corn stalk silage method and a silage pond.
背景技术Background technique
随着我国经济的快速发展，人民生活水平的不断提高，人们的膳食结构也在逐步改变。人均粮食消费正在逐年减少，肉、蛋、奶占的比例在不断增加。据有关部门统计，目前我国肉蛋总产量已居世界首位，人均占有量已达到世界平均水平。但是在肉食中，多为高脂肪的猪肉，而低脂肪、高蛋白的牛、羊肉人均占有量却很少，奶及奶制品的占有量仍远低于世界平均水平。要想增加牛羊肉的比例，必须大力发展牛羊饲养业，而青贮饲料则是这一发展过程中的重要环节。With the rapid development of my country's economy and the continuous improvement of people's living standards, people's dietary structure is also gradually changing. Per capita food consumption is decreasing year by year, and the proportion of meat, eggs and milk is increasing. According to the statistics of relevant departments, the total output of my country's meat and eggs has ranked first in the world at present, and the per capita share has reached the world average level. But in meat, pork is mostly high-fat, while the per capita consumption of low-fat, high-protein beef and mutton is very small, and the consumption of milk and dairy products is still far below the world average level. In order to increase the proportion of beef and mutton, the cattle and sheep breeding industry must be vigorously developed, and silage is an important link in this development process.
青贮饲料营养损失较少，适时青贮，其营养成分一般损失在10％左右。而自然风干过程中，由于植物细胞并未立即死亡，仍在继续呼吸，就需消耗和分解营养物质，当达到风干状态时，营养损失约30％左右。如在风干过程中，遇到雨雪淋洗或发霉变质，则损失更大。The nutrient loss of silage is less, and the nutrient content of silage is generally lost by about 10%. In the natural air-drying process, because the plant cells do not die immediately and continue to breathe, they need to consume and decompose nutrients. When the air-dried state is reached, the nutrient loss is about 30%. If it encounters rain and snow washing or mildew and deterioration during the air-drying process, the loss will be even greater.
玉米全株青贮和玉米秸秆青贮是目前最常见的青贮方式，搞好玉米秸秆青贮饲料既能解决冬春季牛羊的青饲料问题，又能有效降低玉米秸秆就地焚烧所引起的环境污染问题，充分利用玉米秸秆资源，变废为宝，不仅能给牛羊养殖业带来可观的经济效益，又能获得良好的生态效益，实现农业的可持续发展。Whole corn silage and corn stalk silage are currently the most common silage methods. A good corn stalk silage can not only solve the problem of green fodder for cattle and sheep in winter and spring, but also effectively reduce the environmental pollution caused by corn stalk incineration. Utilizing corn stalk resources and turning waste into treasure can not only bring considerable economic benefits to the cattle and sheep breeding industry, but also obtain good ecological benefits and realize sustainable development of agriculture.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明目的是提供一种玉米秸秆的青贮方法和青贮池。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a corn stalk silage method and a silage pond.
本发明采用的技术方案是：The technical scheme adopted in the present invention is:
本发明户用玉米秸秆青贮方法及青贮池，是在玉米收获完后，立即将新鲜的玉米秸秆切碎，放入青贮池内，喷淋尿素、红糖、食盐，分层堆积，压实，密封，排气。青贮池底部为弧形，并留有排水孔，青贮池四周上沿为凹槽状。The household corn stalk silage method and the silage pond of the present invention are to chop fresh corn stalks immediately after the corn is harvested, put them into the silage pond, spray urea, brown sugar and salt, stack them in layers, compact them, and seal them. exhaust. The bottom of the silage pond is arc-shaped, and there are drainage holes, and the upper edge around the silage pond is groove-shaped.
本发明所述的玉米秸秆要在玉米收获完后，立即将新鲜的玉米秸秆收割，以保证秸秆含水量及营养成分的保留；将收割的玉米秸秆切割成为10～20mm的碎段，便于后续的堆积、压实以及牲畜的采食。The corn stalks described in the present invention should be harvested immediately after the corn stalks are harvested, so as to ensure the water content of the stalks and the retention of nutrients; Heaping, compaction and feeding of livestock.
秸秆切碎后，准备所需的添加材料尿素、红糖和食盐，根据秸秆重量比来计算，尿素为4～6kg·t-1，红糖为2～3kg·t-1，食盐为0.5～1kg·t-1。使用时每吨青贮原料加20kg水，将尿素、红糖和食盐溶于水中，混匀；将已经切碎的玉米秸秆装入青贮池内，采取边装填边喷淋边压实的方法。装料时，每装30cm高要踩实一次，特别是靠近青贮池壁的地方，以便排出物料间的空气，另外，压实过程中注意不要带进泥土和杂物。After the straw is chopped, prepare the required additive materials urea, brown sugar and table salt. Calculated according to the weight ratio of the straw, the urea is 4~6kg·t -1 , the brown sugar is 2~3kg·t -1 , and the table salt is 0.5~1kg· t -1 . When using, add 20kg of water per ton of silage raw materials, dissolve urea, brown sugar and salt in water, and mix well; put the chopped corn stalks into the silage tank, and take the method of spraying and compacting while filling. When loading, step on every 30cm high, especially near the wall of the silage tank, so as to discharge the air between the materials. In addition, be careful not to bring in soil and sundries during the compaction process.
本发明中的青贮池为砖混结构，其池底为弧形，并且留有排水孔，直径为10cm，在装填物料前用砖块将排水孔盖住，防止物料堵塞排水孔，而水则可以通过砖缝流入排水孔。青贮池四周上沿为凹槽状，凹槽宽15～25cm，深5～10cm。The silage pond in the present invention is a brick-concrete structure, and its bottom is arc-shaped, and leaves a drainage hole with a diameter of 10 cm. Before filling the material, the drainage hole is covered with bricks to prevent the material from blocking the drainage hole, while the water Can flow through brick joints into drain holes. The upper edge of the silage pool is groove-shaped, with a width of 15-25 cm and a depth of 5-10 cm.
本发明中青贮原料装满青贮池后，还要继续装料直至青贮原料高出青贮池边缘50～60cm，以防止物料下沉后积水。在青贮池四周凹槽内注水，然后用整块塑料膜封盖青贮池，塑料膜宽度要大于青贮池边缘40～50cm，再在塑料膜上覆盖20cm干秸秆，便于保温防冻。在青贮池四周凹槽内用重物压紧塑料膜，这样由于水的作用便可实现密封。最后，在秸秆上覆盖50cm土，踩实。然后，把内径1.5cm塑料管，每隔2m放置一根，通过土层和塑料膜插入原料，便于排气和压实。三天后移除塑料管，然后密封，存放40～45天后就可以饲用。In the present invention, after the silage raw material is filled with the silage pond, it is necessary to continue charging until the silage raw material is higher than the edge of the silage pond by 50-60 cm, so as to prevent water accumulation after the material sinks. Fill the grooves around the silage pond with water, and then cover the silage pond with a whole piece of plastic film. The width of the plastic film should be 40-50cm larger than the edge of the silage pond, and then cover the plastic film with 20cm of dry straw, which is convenient for heat preservation and antifreeze. Press the plastic film with heavy objects in the grooves around the silo so that it can be sealed due to the action of the water. Finally, cover 50cm of soil on the straw and step on it. Then, place a plastic pipe with an inner diameter of 1.5cm every 2m, and insert the raw material through the soil layer and plastic film to facilitate exhaust and compaction. Remove the plastic tube after three days, then seal it, and store it for 40-45 days before feeding.
本发明实用性强，简便易行，并且可以保持80～90％的营养成分，既能解决冬春季牛羊的青饲料问题，又能有效降低玉米秸秆就地焚烧所引起的环境污染问题，充分利用玉米秸秆资源，变废为宝。本发明的应用不仅能给牛羊养殖业带来可观的经济效益，又能获得良好的生态效益，实现农业的可持续发展。The invention has strong practicability, is simple and easy to operate, and can maintain 80-90% of the nutrient content. It can not only solve the problem of green fodder for cattle and sheep in winter and spring, but also effectively reduce the environmental pollution caused by incineration of corn stalks. Corn stalk resources, turning waste into treasure. The application of the invention can not only bring considerable economic benefits to the cattle and sheep breeding industry, but also can obtain good ecological benefits and realize the sustainable development of agriculture.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明青贮池的结构示意图。Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the silage pond of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步阐述。The present invention will be further elaborated below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
如图1所示，一种玉米秸秆青贮池，所述的青贮池为砖混结构，其池底为弧形，并且留有排水孔1，直径为10cm，在装填物料前用砖块将排水孔1盖住，防止物料堵塞排水孔1，而水则可以通过砖缝流入排水孔1。青贮池四周上沿为凹槽2，凹槽2宽15～25cm，深5～10cm。As shown in Fig. 1, a kind of corn stalk silage pond, described silage pond is a brick-concrete structure, and its pond bottom is arc-shaped, and leaves drainage hole 1, and diameter is 10cm, before filling material, drain water Hole 1 is covered to prevent materials from clogging drain hole 1, while water can flow into drain hole 1 through brick joints. The upper edge around the silage pool is a groove 2, and the groove 2 is 15-25cm wide and 5-10cm deep.
一种玉米秸秆的青贮方法，包括如下步骤：A method for ensilage of corn stalks, comprising the steps of:
在玉米收获完后，立即将新鲜的玉米秸秆收割，并切割成为10～20mm的碎段。秸秆切碎后，根据秸秆重量比，尿素为4～6kg·t-1，红糖为2～3kg·t-1，食盐为0.5～1kg·t-1，来称取添加物料，使用时每吨青贮原料加20kg水，将尿素、红糖和食盐溶于水中，混匀；After the corn is harvested, the fresh corn stalks are immediately harvested and cut into pieces of 10-20 mm. After the straw is chopped, according to the weight ratio of the straw, the urea is 4~6kg·t -1 , the brown sugar is 2~3kg·t -1 , the salt is 0.5~1kg·t -1 , and the added materials are weighed. Add 20kg of water to the silage raw material, dissolve urea, brown sugar and salt in the water, and mix well;
用砖块将排水孔盖住，然后将已经切碎的玉米秸秆装入青贮池内，边装填边喷淋边压实，装料时，每装30cm高要踩实一次，特别是靠近青贮池壁的地方，另外，压实过程中注意不要带进泥土和杂物。Cover the drainage hole with bricks, and then put the chopped corn stalks into the silage tank, spray and compact while filling. When loading, step on every 30cm high, especially near the silage tank wall In addition, be careful not to bring in soil and sundries during the compaction process.
青贮原料装满青贮池后，还要继续装料直至青贮原料高出青贮池边缘50～60cm，以防止物料下沉后积水。在青贮池四周凹槽2内注水，然后用整块塑料膜封盖青贮池，塑料膜宽度要大于青贮池边缘40～50cm，再在塑料膜上覆盖20cm干秸秆，在青贮池四周凹槽2内用重物压紧塑料膜，再在秸秆上覆盖50cm土，踩实。After the silage raw material is filled with the silage tank, it is necessary to continue loading until the silage raw material is 50-60 cm above the edge of the silage tank to prevent water accumulation after the material sinks. Inject water into the groove 2 around the silage pond, and then cover the silage pond with a whole piece of plastic film. The width of the plastic film is 40-50 cm larger than the edge of the silage pond, and then cover the plastic film with 20 cm of dry straw, and place the silage pond around the groove 2 Use heavy objects to compress the plastic film, and then cover the straw with 50cm of soil and step on it firmly.
最后，把内径1.5cm塑料管，每隔2m放置一根，通过土层和塑料膜插入原料，便于排气和压实。三天后移除塑料管，然后密封，存放40～45天后就可以饲用。Finally, place a plastic pipe with an inner diameter of 1.5cm every 2m, and insert the raw material through the soil layer and plastic film to facilitate exhaust and compaction. Remove the plastic tube after three days, then seal it, and store it for 40-45 days before feeding.
该发明简便易行，运行后具有良好的经济效益、社会效益和生态效益。The invention is simple and easy to operate, and has good economic, social and ecological benefits after operation.
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| CN109221684A (en) * | 2018-07-20 | 2019-01-18 | 马边下溪镇青山莲畜禽养殖专业合作社 | A kind of method of forage grass blueness storage |
| CN109747990A (en) * | 2019-03-06 | 2019-05-14 | 湖北绿鑫生态科技有限公司 | A new type of straw material storage structure |
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| CN102550889B (en) * | 2012-03-26 | 2013-05-01 | 四川省畜牧科学研究院 | Chicory and ensiled corn mixed ensiling method |
| CN102550889A (en) * | 2012-03-26 | 2012-07-11 | 四川省畜牧科学研究院 | Chicory and ensiled corn mixed ensiling method |
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| CN103229639A (en) * | 2013-04-27 | 2013-08-07 | 中国农业大学 | Production method of high-moisture silage and silage silo special for high-moisture silage |
| CN103271252A (en) * | 2013-05-27 | 2013-09-04 | 安徽农业大学 | Silage method of whole corn stalks |
| CN103348827A (en) * | 2013-06-05 | 2013-10-16 | 桐乡运北秸杆利用专业合作社 | Ensiling method for wild rice stem leaves |
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| CN103947910A (en) * | 2014-04-29 | 2014-07-30 | 黎雁欣 | Ensiling method for corn straws |
| CN104839439A (en) * | 2015-05-14 | 2015-08-19 | 中国农业科学院麻类研究所 | Processing method of kenaf silage |
| CN104839439B (en) * | 2015-05-14 | 2018-02-27 | 中国农业科学院麻类研究所 | A kind of processing method of bluish dogbane ensilage |
| CN108887491A (en) * | 2018-07-19 | 2018-11-27 | 宁夏大学 | A kind of corn stover roughage and preparation method thereof for improving cattle and sheep digestibility |
| CN109221684A (en) * | 2018-07-20 | 2019-01-18 | 马边下溪镇青山莲畜禽养殖专业合作社 | A kind of method of forage grass blueness storage |
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