CN101788889B - Memory virtualization system and method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a memory virtualization system and a method to balance IO load of physical disks. In the system, a striping module processes the physical disks by means of striping data to build a logic pond; a disk-building module builds a logic disk or a logic disk array on a logic memory pond; and a volume-building module builds a logic volume on the logic disk or the logic disk array. With the three layers of virtualization process, a read and write request of a customer is performed by being dispersed to the plurality of physical disks, and compared with the prior art that the read and write request of the customer is performed by being concentrated on one physical disk, the invention balances the IO load of the physical disks, effectively prevents some date of the physical disks from over heating, and improves the security and the performance of the memory system.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to storage virtualization technologies, and in particular, to a storage virtualization system and method.
Background
The mass storage system solves the problem of the heat level of data through hierarchical storage, but the storage system of the hierarchical storage is very expensive due to the adoption of special hardware such as SSD and the like. How to solve the problem of local data overheating on a general storage system without special hardware requirements is very important.
Generally, a storage system adopts a two-layer IO virtual method in terms of solving a backend IO problem. Specifically, under a certain storage controller, a RAID system with a certain number of disks is constructed, and then a logical volume is constructed on the RAID system, and Logical Unit Number (LUN) mapping is performed for use by a user. For example, a storage system with 500 disks may select 10 physical disks to construct RAID5, and then establish a logical volume mapping on top of RAID5 to map the LUN. Because the LUN access heat is very high, 10 physical disks respond to the IO bottleneck, so that the access performance is not high, and the other 490 physical disks do not run at high speed at this time, and do not contribute to the IO processing capability. Therefore, how to balance the load of the high-heat disk to other physical disks in the storage system becomes a technical problem to be solved urgently.
At present, in order to balance the IO load problem, the technology thoroughly spreads the IO, but the technology is not compatible with the original tightly coupled storage system, and meanwhile, the technology is still a two-layer IO virtual solution and cannot construct a RAID.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a storage virtualization system and method to balance the IO load of a physical disk.
In order to solve the above technical problem, the present invention first provides a storage virtualization system, which includes a striping module, a disk establishing module, a volume establishing module, and a physical disk, wherein:
the striping module is used for carrying out data striping processing on the physical disk, establishing a logic storage pool and establishing a first addressing mapping relation between the logic storage pool and the physical disk;
the disk establishing module is configured to establish a logical disk or a logical disk array on the logical storage pool, and establish the second addressing mapping relationship between the logical disk or the logical disk array and the logical storage pool;
the volume establishing module is configured to establish the logical volume on the logical disk or the logical disk array, and establish the third addressing mapping relationship between the logical volume and the logical disk or the logical disk array;
the physical disk is used for completing physical reading and writing of the physical disk by a user according to the mechanical reading and writing request;
wherein,
the volume establishing module is further configured to convert a first read-write request of a user to the physical disk into a second read-write request to the logical volume, and send the second read-write request to the disk establishing module according to the third addressing mapping relationship;
the disk establishing module is further configured to receive the second read/write request according to a third addressing mapping relationship, and send the second read/write request to the striping module according to the second addressing mapping relationship;
the striping module is further configured to receive the second read-write request according to a second addressing mapping relationship, convert the second read-write request into the mechanical read-write request, and send the mechanical read-write request to the physical disk according to the first addressing mapping relationship.
Preferably, the striping module is configured to spread data across a plurality of physical disks using a data scattering process when the logical storage pool is established.
Preferably, the disk establishing module is configured to establish the logical disk according to a fixed allocation policy or an on-demand allocation policy;
wherein,
the fixed allocation strategy is that the storage space of the logical disk or the logical disk array is equal to the storage space of the physical disk;
the demand allocation strategy is that the storage space of the logical disk or the logical disk array is larger than that of the physical disk.
Preferably, the disk establishing module is configured to further prompt a storage utilization rate of the physical disk when the logical disk is established according to the on-demand allocation policy.
Preferably, the volume establishing module is configured to establish a fixed allocation logical volume with a fixed storage space size on the logical disk or the logical disk array, or establish an on-demand allocation logical volume with an adjustable storage space size.
In order to solve the above technical problem, the present invention further provides a storage virtualization method, including:
performing data striping processing on the physical disk, establishing a logical storage pool, and establishing a first addressing mapping relation between the logical storage pool and the physical disk;
establishing a logical disk or a logical disk array on the logical storage pool, and establishing a second addressing mapping relation between the logical disk or the logical disk array and the logical storage pool;
establishing the logical volume on the logical disk or the logical disk array, and establishing the third addressing mapping relation between the logical volume and the logical disk or the logical disk array;
converting a first read-write request of a user to the physical disk into a second read-write request of the logical volume, converting the second read-write request into a mechanical read-write request according to the third addressing mapping relation and the second addressing mapping relation, and sending the mechanical read-write request to the physical disk according to the first addressing mapping relation;
and the physical disk completes the physical reading and writing of the physical disk by the user according to the mechanical reading and writing request.
Preferably, the logical storage pools are established by spreading data across a plurality of physical disks using a data scattering process.
Preferably, the logical disk is established according to a fixed allocation strategy or an on-demand allocation strategy;
wherein,
the fixed allocation strategy is that the storage space of the logical disk or the logical disk array is equal to the storage space of the physical disk;
the demand allocation strategy is that the storage space of the logical disk or the logical disk array is larger than that of the physical disk.
Preferably, when the logical disk is established according to the on-demand allocation policy, the storage utilization rate of the physical disk is further prompted.
Preferably, a fixed allocation logical volume with a fixed storage space size is established on the logical disk or the logical disk array, or an on-demand allocation logical volume with an adjustable storage space size is established on the logical disk or the logical disk array.
The invention realizes the storage virtualization system and the method of three-layer read-write virtualization through three-layer virtualization processing. Compared with the prior art that one read-write request of a user is concentrated on one physical disk for read-write operation, the method realizes the balance of IO load of the physical disks, effectively prevents the overheating of partial physical disk data, and improves the safety and performance of the storage system.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of the system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of an embodiment of the method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention will be provided with reference to the drawings and examples, so that how to apply the technical means to solve the technical problems and achieve the technical effects can be fully understood and implemented.
It should be noted that, if not conflicting, the embodiments of the present invention and the features of the embodiments may be combined with each other within the scope of protection of the present invention. Additionally, the steps illustrated in the flow charts of the figures may be performed in a computer system such as a set of computer-executable instructions and, although a logical order is illustrated in the flow charts, in some cases, the steps illustrated or described may be performed in an order different than here.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a storage virtualization system according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1, the system embodiment mainly includes a striping module 110, a disk establishing module 120, and a volume establishing module 130, where:
a striping module 110, configured to perform data striping on a physical disk of a storage system (striping may also be referred to as data spreading), establish a logical storage pool, form a storage pool layer, and establish a first addressing mapping relationship between the logical storage pool and an actual physical disk; each physical disk has its own address space, and the logical storage pool itself is virtual, and its address needs to be mapped to a specific physical disk;
a disk establishing module 120, configured to establish a logical disk or a logical disk array (RAID) (mainly composed of logical disks) on the logical storage pool, and establish a second addressing mapping relationship between the logical disk or the logical disk array and the logical storage pool, so as to form a logical disk layer;
the volume establishing module 130 is configured to establish a logical volume on the logical disk or the RAID, and establish a third addressing mapping relationship between the logical volume and the logical disk or the RAID, so as to form a logical volume layer.
After the volume establishing module 130 establishes the logical volume, what is mapped to the user through the LUN is a physical disk, and if the user establishes a file system on the physical disk, a corresponding file system is correspondingly established on the logical volume. When a user sends a first read-write request on the file system, the volume establishing module 130 converts the read-write request on the file system into a second read-write request for the logical volume, and sends the second read-write request to the logical disk or the logical disk array established by the disk establishing module 120 according to a third addressing mapping relationship between the logical volume and the logical disk or RAID.
After receiving the second read/write request, the logical disk or the logical disk array established by the disk establishing module 120 sends the second read/write request to the logical storage pool established by the striping module 110 according to the second addressing mapping relationship between the logical disk or the logical disk array and the logical storage pool.
After receiving a second read-write request sent by the logical disk or the logical disk array, the logical storage pool established by the striping module 110 converts the second read-write request into a mechanical read-write request that can be identified and processed by the physical disk driver, and sends the mechanical read-write request to the physical disk according to the first addressing mapping relationship between the logical storage pool and the physical disk, so that the physical disk completes physical read-write of the physical disk by the user.
The addressing mapping relationship between the logical storage pool established by the striping module 110 and the actual physical disk is the first layer virtualization in the three-layer virtualization according to the technical solution of the present invention. The mapping relationship between the logical disk or the logical disk array established by the disk establishing module 120 and the logical storage pool is the second layer virtualization in the three-layer virtualization according to the technical solution of the present invention. The addressing mapping relationship between the logical volume and the logical disk or RAID established by the volume establishing module 130 is the third layer virtualization in the three-layer virtualization according to the technical solution of the present invention.
When the read-write request with large data volume sent by a user is processed, the invention simultaneously responds to one read-write request by a plurality of physical disks through three-layer virtualization processing, compared with the prior art that one physical disk independently responds to one read-write request, the invention improves the response speed and the processing efficiency and realizes the load balance of reading and writing.
The striping module 110 is configured to spread data across multiple physical disks (i.e., spread data across all physical disks as much as possible) during the process of establishing the logical storage pool, so as to improve the read/write performance and the load balancing performance. In the data distribution process, linear mapping distribution or hash mapping distribution may be selected. Specific procedures of linear mapping distribution and hash mapping distribution are described below, respectively.
In the data distribution process, it is necessary to set a distribution granularity that indicates the granularity of data stored to a physical disk in the data distribution process.
In the linear mapping scattering process, after data is scattered, the scattered data is stored on each physical disk in turn according to the scattering granularity. If the capacities of the physical disks are different, when the storage of a part of the physical disks is full, the subsequent storage is alternately performed among the other physical disks which are not full.
The linear mapping dispersion method is illustrated and understood by a specific example. The capacity of the logical storage pool is equal to the sum of the capacities of all physical disks, such as a logical storage pool size of 300G, a physical storage disk having 2 disks a and B of size 100G, and two disks C and D of size 50G. If the scatter granularity size is 64K, then linear mapping scatter is understood to mean that 0-64K data is stored on 0-64K for disk A, 65K-128K data is stored on 0-64K for disk B, 129K-192K data is stored on 0-64K for disk C, 193- "256K data is stored on 0-64K for disk D, 257-" 320K data is stored on 65-128K for disk A, and so on. After each disc linearly maps 50G of data, the remaining data from 201 to 300G will only be stored on disc a and disc B discs, since disc C and disc D have been exhausted.
Linear mapping is a very simple and straightforward mapping and spreading method, but when a physical disk is added, the spreading method will result in subsequent addresses falling on the added physical disk, and subsequent data will not be scattered, and load balancing can be performed sufficiently. For example, if a 100G disk E is added to the aforementioned 300G storage pool, the 100G data addresses from 301 to 400G all fall on the disk E.
The hash-map scattering process, much like the linear-map scattering process, also requires specifying the size of the scattering granularity, i.e., the size of the scattered data granularity. Unlike linear mapping spreads, it is mainly the hash-mapping spread that is no longer linear but a random relationship.
For convenience of explanation, hash map scattering is illustrated by another example. For example, 3 physical disks each having a capacity of 64G, i.e., disk X, disk Y, and disk Z, respectively, and the storage pool size is 192G. The scatter granularity is still set to 64K, and each physical disk has 64G/64K 1024 blocks, with serial numbers labeled 0-1023, and the storage pool with 192G has 3072 blocks, with serial numbers labeled 0-3071. By hash mapping, 0-64K data is stored on disk Y, such as 0-64K, 65K-128K data is stored on disk X, such as 0-64K, 129K-192K data is stored on disk Z, such as 0-64K (i.e., the first three granularities of data storage are disk Y-disk X-disk Z), 193- "256K data is not necessarily stored on disk Y, such as 65-128K (linear mapping scatter is stored on disk Y), but may be stored on any of disk X, disk Y, and disk Z.
Hash map scatter is a uniform scatter of the whole, not as uniform as the absolute granularity scatter. The FNV hash map distribution used in the data distribution of the embodiments of the present invention is a FNV hash map distribution in the prior art, which is a high-speed one commonly used.
When the disk establishing module 120 establishes a logical disk, it may allocate a policy according to a fixed allocation policy and a demand allocation policy; the fixed allocation policy is generally called a Regular allocation policy in the storage system, that is, the storage space (also called soft size) of a logical disk or a logical disk array is equal to the storage space (also called hard size) of an actual physical disk, and the on-demand allocation policy is that the storage space of a logical disk or a logical disk array is larger than the storage space of a physical disk.
In a fixed allocation strategy, the logical storage space that can be used cannot exceed the actual physical disk space. In the demand allocation strategy, the usable logical storage space may be larger than the actual physical disk space, and how much actual physical disk space is allocated to how much storage space is required in the using process.
The disk creating module 120 is further configured to prompt the storage utilization rate of the physical disk in real time when creating the logical disk according to the on-demand allocation policy. For example, when the logical storage space to be used is larger than the actual physical disk space, the disk creating module 120 may notify the administrator to increase the physical disk space by prompting the physical disk storage utilization rate, so as to avoid the situation that the physical disk capacity is not enough.
In the above embodiment, the logical disk layer virtualization has an addressing mapping of logical disk addresses to addresses of the logical storage pool. The logical disk layer is equivalent to two layers of virtualized physical disks, and a RAID system can be constructed on the logical disk layer.
The volume establishing module 130 establishes a logical volume that only belongs to one logical disk; and multiple logical volumes may be established on one logical disk. The establishing strategy of the logical volume also comprises two strategies, one is to directly establish a fixed allocation logical volume with fixed storage space size on the logical disk (or a RAID system consisting of a plurality of logical disks), and the other is to establish an on-demand allocation logical volume with adjustable storage space size on the logical disk; it should be noted that the size of the storage space allocated to the logical volume on demand must not be larger than the size of the remaining space of the logical disk (soft size).
The logical volume layer is virtualized into an addressing mapping relationship from the logical volume to the logical disk (or a RAID system composed of logical disks), and the disk establishing module 120 establishes the logical disk according to a demand allocation policy, that is, determined according to an actual usage space of the logical volume.
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of an embodiment of the method of the present invention. With reference to the system embodiment shown in fig. 1, the method embodiment shown in fig. 2 mainly includes the following steps:
step S210, performing data striping processing on the physical disk, establishing a logic storage pool, and establishing a first addressing mapping relation between the logic storage pool and the physical disk;
step S220, a logic disk or a logic disk array is established on the logic storage pool, and a second addressing mapping relation between the logic disk or the logic disk array and the logic storage pool is established;
step S230, establishing a logical volume on the logical disk or the logical disk array, and establishing a third addressing mapping relation between the logical volume and the logical disk or the logical disk array;
step S240, converting the first read-write request of the user to the physical disk into a second read-write request to the logical volume;
step S250, converting the second read-write request into a mechanical read-write request according to the third addressing mapping relation and the second addressing mapping relation, and sending the mechanical read-write request to the physical disk according to the first addressing mapping relation;
and step S260, the physical disk completes the physical reading and writing of the physical disk by the user according to the mechanical reading and writing request.
In the process of establishing the logical storage pool, data can be scattered on a plurality of physical disks (the data is scattered on all the physical disks as much as possible) by adopting a data scattering process, so that the read-write performance and the load balancing performance can be improved. In the data dispersion process, linear mapping dispersion or hash mapping dispersion as described above may be selected.
The logical disk is established according to a fixed allocation strategy or an on-demand allocation strategy, wherein:
the fixed allocation strategy is that the storage space of the logical disk or the logical disk array is equal to the storage space of the physical disk;
the demand allocation policy is that the storage space of the logical disk or the logical disk array is larger than the storage space of the physical disk.
And when the logical disk is established according to the demand allocation strategy, further prompting the storage utilization rate of the physical disk.
And a fixed allocation logical volume with fixed storage space size is established on the logical disk or the logical disk array, or an on-demand allocation logical volume with adjustable storage space size is established on the logical disk or the logical disk array.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the storage system comprises N storage controllers, each of which controls a number of physical disks. After striping, the data are virtualized into a virtual storage pool, the virtual storage pool can be regarded as a logical disk, address mapping relations are correspondingly formed between the logical disk and the physical disks, and the data in the virtual storage pool are uniformly distributed on the physical disks.
The invention adopts three-layer IO virtualization technology, so that the hot data problem in the storage system is well solved, the physical disk of the whole system is virtualized into a physical storage pool, and a logical disk is constructed on the physical storage pool to meet the application requirement, thereby improving the read-write performance and solving the load balancing problem to remove the local data overheating problem.
The tightly coupled storage system is to construct RAID directly on the physical disks, and construct logical volumes with RAID. The logical volume is constructed on the logical disk or the RAID constructed by the logical disk, and the read-write interfaces of the logical disk and the physical disk are the standard interfaces of the device drive level, namely the logical volume can also be constructed on the RAID or the physical disk, thereby realizing the compatibility of the IO distribution and the tightly coupled storage system.
The invention solves the IO load of the storage system, is compatible with the RAID use of the tightly coupled storage system, and provides a three-layer IO storage virtualization technology. The technology breaks through a common two-layer virtualization technology in a storage system, IO load balance during storage system access is realized by adding one more layer of address mapping virtualization, the problems of local data overheating and too frequent local physical disk reading and writing are avoided, the processing capacity of the whole storage system is improved, an RAID system can be constructed on a logic disk simultaneously, and the technology is compatible with an original two-layer IO virtual system. And because of adopting the demand allocation strategy, the utilization rate of the physical disk is further improved, and the disk is added to the storage system when needed.
It should be noted that the steps illustrated in the flowcharts of the figures may be performed in a computer system such as a set of computer-executable instructions and that, although a logical order is illustrated in the flowcharts, in some cases, the steps illustrated or described may be performed in an order different than presented herein. In addition, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the modules or steps of the invention described above can be implemented by a general purpose computing device, they can be centralized on a single computing device or distributed over a network of multiple computing devices, and alternatively they can be implemented by program code executable by a computing device, such that they can be stored in a storage device and executed by a computing device, or they can be separately fabricated into various integrated circuit modules, or multiple modules or steps thereof can be fabricated into a single integrated circuit module. Thus, the present invention is not limited to any specific combination of hardware and software.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the above descriptions are only for the convenience of understanding the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A storage virtualization system is characterized by comprising a striping module, a disk establishing module, a volume establishing module and a physical disk, wherein:
the striping module is used for carrying out data striping processing on the physical disk, establishing a logic storage pool and establishing a first addressing mapping relation between the logic storage pool and the physical disk;
the disk establishing module is used for establishing a logical disk or a logical disk array on the logical storage pool and establishing a second addressing mapping relation between the logical disk or the logical disk array and the logical storage pool;
the volume establishing module is used for establishing a logical volume on the logical disk or the logical disk array and establishing a third addressing mapping relation between the logical volume and the logical disk or the logical disk array;
the physical disk is used for completing physical reading and writing of the physical disk by a user according to the mechanical reading and writing request;
wherein,
the volume establishing module is further configured to convert a first read-write request of a user to the physical disk into a second read-write request to the logical volume, and send the second read-write request to the disk establishing module according to the third addressing mapping relationship;
the disk establishing module is further configured to receive the second read/write request according to the third addressing mapping relationship, and send the second read/write request to the striping module according to the second addressing mapping relationship;
the striping module is further configured to receive the second read-write request according to the second addressing mapping relationship, convert the second read-write request into the mechanical read-write request, and send the mechanical read-write request to the physical disk according to the first addressing mapping relationship;
wherein the striping module is configured to spread data across a plurality of physical disks using a data scattering process when the logical storage pool is established.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein:
the disk establishing module is used for establishing the logic disk or the logic disk array according to a fixed allocation strategy or an on-demand allocation strategy;
wherein,
the fixed allocation strategy is that the storage space of the logical disk or the logical disk array is equal to the storage space of the physical disk;
the demand allocation strategy is that the storage space of the logical disk or the logical disk array is larger than that of the physical disk.
3. The system of claim 2, wherein:
the disk establishing module is used for further prompting the storage utilization rate of the physical disk when the logical disk is established according to the on-demand allocation strategy.
4. The system of claim 1, wherein:
the volume establishing module is used for establishing a fixed allocation logical volume with fixed storage space size on the logical disk or the logical disk array, or establishing an on-demand allocation logical volume with adjustable storage space size.
5. A storage virtualization method, comprising:
performing data striping processing on a physical disk, establishing a logical storage pool, and establishing a first addressing mapping relation between the logical storage pool and the physical disk;
establishing a logical disk or a logical disk array on the logical storage pool, and establishing a second addressing mapping relation between the logical disk or the logical disk array and the logical storage pool;
establishing a logical volume on the logical disk or the logical disk array, and establishing a third addressing mapping relation between the logical volume and the logical disk or the logical disk array;
converting a first read-write request of a user to the physical disk into a second read-write request of the logical volume, converting the second read-write request into a mechanical read-write request according to the third addressing mapping relation and the second addressing mapping relation, and sending the mechanical read-write request to the physical disk according to the first addressing mapping relation;
the physical disk completes the physical reading and writing of the physical disk by the user according to the mechanical reading and writing request;
wherein, when the logical storage pool is established, data is scattered on a plurality of physical disks by adopting a data scattering process.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein:
the logic disk or the logic disk array is established according to a fixed allocation strategy or an allocation strategy according to needs;
wherein,
the fixed allocation strategy is that the storage space of the logical disk or the logical disk array is equal to the storage space of the physical disk;
the demand allocation strategy is that the storage space of the logical disk or the logical disk array is larger than that of the physical disk.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein:
and when the logical disk is established according to the on-demand allocation strategy, further prompting the storage utilization rate of the physical disk.
8. The method of claim 5, wherein:
and establishing a fixed allocation logical volume with fixed storage space size on the logical disk or the logical disk array, or establishing an on-demand allocation logical volume with adjustable storage space size.
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| CN1304961C (en) * | 2005-03-11 | 2007-03-14 | 清华大学 | Memory virtualized management method based on metadata server |
| JP5057656B2 (en) * | 2005-05-24 | 2012-10-24 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Storage system and storage system operation method |
-
2010
- 2010-03-03 CN CN2010101177157A patent/CN101788889B/en active Active
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9965184B2 (en) | 2015-10-19 | 2018-05-08 | International Business Machines Corporation | Multiple storage subpools of a virtual storage pool in a multiple processor environment |
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