CN101788161A - Building heat supplying and heating system based on solar air heat collector - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种太阳能应用技术领域的基于太阳能空气集热器的建筑供热采暖系统,包括:太阳能集热系统、热能传输机构、蓄热系统以及自动控制系统,其中:太阳能集热系统分别与热能传输机构相连接以传输加热空气,热能传输机构与蓄热系统相连接以传输热能,自动控制系统分别与集热系统、热能传输系统以及蓄热系统相连接以输出控制指令。本发明在有效解决原有系统存在问题的同时,降低太阳能采暖的系统投资和运行成本。
A building heating and heating system based on a solar air heat collector in the field of solar energy application technology, including: a solar heat collection system, a heat energy transmission mechanism, a heat storage system and an automatic control system, wherein: the solar heat collection system is connected with the heat energy transmission mechanism respectively The heat energy transmission mechanism is connected with the heat storage system to transmit heat energy, and the automatic control system is respectively connected with the heat collection system, heat energy transmission system and heat storage system to output control instructions. The invention effectively solves the existing problems of the original system, and at the same time reduces the system investment and operation cost of solar heating.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及的是一种太阳能技术领域的装置,具体是一种基于太阳能空气集热器的建筑供热采暖系统。The invention relates to a device in the technical field of solar energy, in particular to a building heating system based on a solar air heat collector.
背景技术Background technique
伴随着我国经济近年来的巨大发展,能源的消耗问题越来越凸显出来。当前,我国建筑总耗能约占社会终端能耗的20%左右,北方城镇建筑采暖能耗占全国建筑总能耗的36%,为建筑能源消耗的最大组成部分。为解决建筑采暖所需要的大量能源,可采取开源节流的方针,一方面针对我国建筑采暖中存在的一些问题,如建筑围护结构保温不良,供热系统效率不高等做出相应的完善和改进;另一方面必须寻找可以代替目前常规能源的可再生能源,太阳能作为一种清洁、无污染的能源受到了人们的广泛关注。With the tremendous development of my country's economy in recent years, the problem of energy consumption has become more and more prominent. At present, the total energy consumption of buildings in my country accounts for about 20% of the final energy consumption of the society, and the heating energy consumption of buildings in northern cities and towns accounts for 36% of the total energy consumption of buildings in the country, which is the largest component of building energy consumption. In order to solve the large amount of energy needed for building heating, the policy of increasing revenue and reducing expenditure can be adopted. On the one hand, some problems in my country's building heating, such as poor insulation of building envelopes and low efficiency of heating systems, should be improved accordingly; On the other hand, we must look for renewable energy that can replace the current conventional energy. Solar energy, as a clean and non-polluting energy, has attracted widespread attention.
太阳能供热采暖系统即将太阳能转化成热能,供给建筑物冬季采暖和全年其他用热的系统。在我国,当前的太阳能供热采暖尚处于起步阶段,虽然有了一些示范工程,但总体技术水平不高,与发达国家相比仍有较大差距。“十一五”期间,我国的太阳能供热采暖技术将会有较快发展。The solar heating heating system converts solar energy into heat energy, which is used to provide heating for buildings in winter and other heat-consuming systems throughout the year. In my country, the current solar heating is still in its infancy. Although there are some demonstration projects, the overall technical level is not high, and there is still a big gap compared with developed countries. During the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period, my country's solar heating technology will develop rapidly.
经过对现有技术的检索发现,中国专利公开文献号CN2744991A,记载了一种“太阳能采暖系统”,该技术包括太阳能集热管、水箱、水箱上的进排水孔和呼吸孔,进排水孔上连接的管路,系统使用水循环集热。但是,使用水循环有诸多不足之处,如冬季存在水需要排空的问题,稍不注意系统即会瘫痪;水系统同时还需要考虑对管道等部件的腐蚀作用;在使用热水采暖时,室内必须加装一套合适的换热设备,如散热器或是地埋盘管,这样就会显著增加系统的造价。而所有这些不足之处均可以通过使用空气循环集热来避免。After searching the prior art, it was found that Chinese Patent Publication No. CN2744991A has recorded a "solar heating system", which includes solar heat collecting tubes, water tanks, inlet and outlet holes and breathing holes on the water tank, and the inlet and outlet holes are connected pipeline, the system uses water circulation to collect heat. However, the use of water circulation has many disadvantages, such as the problem that the water needs to be emptied in winter, and the system will be paralyzed if you don’t pay attention to it; the water system also needs to consider the corrosion of pipes and other components; when using hot water for heating, indoor A suitable heat exchange equipment, such as a radiator or buried coil, must be installed, which will significantly increase the cost of the system. And all these disadvantages can be avoided by using air circulation heat collection.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明针对现有技术存在的上述不足,提供一种基于太阳能空气集热器的建筑供热采暖系统,在有效解决原有系统存在问题的同时,降低太阳能采暖的系统投资和运行成本。The present invention aims at the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, and provides a building heating and heating system based on a solar air heat collector, which effectively solves the existing problems of the original system and reduces system investment and operating costs of solar heating.
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的,本发明包括:太阳能集热系统、热能传输机构、蓄热系统以及自动控制系统,其中:太阳能集热系统分别与热能传输机构相连接以传输加热空气,热能传输机构与蓄热系统相连接以传输热能,自动控制系统分别与集热系统、热能传输系统以及蓄热系统相连接以输出控制指令。The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions. The present invention includes: a solar heat collection system, a heat energy transmission mechanism, a heat storage system and an automatic control system, wherein: the solar heat collection system is connected with the heat energy transmission mechanism to transmit heated air, heat energy The transmission mechanism is connected with the heat storage system to transmit heat energy, and the automatic control system is respectively connected with the heat collection system, the heat energy transmission system and the heat storage system to output control instructions.
所述的太阳能集热系统包括:太阳能空气集热器和集热风机,其中:若干个太阳能空气集热器以并联方式设置于建筑物采光面上,集热风机通过风管分别与若干个太阳能空气集热器相连接,太阳能空气集热器的输出端分别通过风管与热能传输机构相连接。The solar heat collection system includes: solar air heat collectors and heat collecting fans, wherein: several solar air heat collectors are arranged in parallel on the daylighting surface of the building, and the heat collecting fans are respectively connected to several solar heat collectors through air ducts. The air heat collectors are connected, and the output ends of the solar air heat collectors are respectively connected with the heat energy transmission mechanism through air pipes.
所述的蓄热系统包括:蓄热介质、通风主地笼和通风支地笼,其中:通风主地笼和通风支地笼均埋设在蓄热介质下部并相互连通,通风主地笼与热能传输机构相连接,加热蓄热介质置于通风主地笼内,热能经热能传输机构送至通风主地笼内部,再均匀分布至各个通风支地笼,空气经通风支地笼后均匀流出对蓄热介质进行加热。The heat storage system includes: a heat storage medium, a ventilation main ground cage and a ventilation branch ground cage, wherein: the ventilation main ground cage and the ventilation branch ground cage are buried in the lower part of the heat storage medium and communicate with each other, and the ventilation main ground cage and the heat energy The transmission mechanism is connected, the heating and heat storage medium is placed in the ventilation main floor cage, the heat energy is sent to the inside of the ventilation main floor cage through the heat energy transmission mechanism, and then evenly distributed to each ventilation branch floor cage, and the air flows out evenly through the ventilation branch floor cage The heat storage medium is heated.
所述的加热蓄热介质为卵石。The heat storage medium is pebbles.
所述的太阳能空气集热系统上设有辅助热源供热系统,该辅助热源供热系统为常规取暖装置。The solar air heat collection system is provided with an auxiliary heat source heating system, and the auxiliary heat source heating system is a conventional heating device.
所述的太阳能空气集热系统上设有热水系统,该热水系统包括:气水换热器及水循环装置,其中:气水换热器与水循环装置相连通并同时与太阳能空气集热系统相接触。The solar air heat collection system is provided with a hot water system, and the hot water system includes: an air-water heat exchanger and a water circulation device, wherein: the air-water heat exchanger communicates with the water circulation device and is simultaneously connected with the solar air heat collection system touch.
所述的自动控制系统包括:自动控制箱、各分布与集热系统和蓄热系统中的温度传感器以及风机、水泵等自动控制信号输出部件。The automatic control system includes: an automatic control box, temperature sensors in each distribution and heat collection system and heat storage system, and automatic control signal output components such as fans and water pumps.
本发明可实现以下六种不同工况:The present invention can realize the following six different working conditions:
(一)蓄热工况(1) Thermal storage conditions
在建筑物内部不需要供暖的情况下,通过加热空气向蓄热床输送热量,以储存热量以供将来的使用需求。In the case that heating is not required inside the building, the heat is delivered to the thermal storage bed through the heated air to store the heat for future use needs.
(二)直接向建筑物供暖工况(2) Direct heating to buildings
在建筑物有采暖需求,而蓄热床中并无能量储存时,此时通过太阳能空气集热器加热空气并直接送入建筑物供暖,不经过蓄热床。When the building needs to be heated but there is no energy storage in the thermal storage bed, the air is heated by the solar air collector and sent directly to the building for heating without passing through the thermal storage bed.
(三)经由蓄热床向建筑物供暖(3) Heating the building through the thermal storage bed
建筑物有采暖需求,并且蓄热床中有一定的能量储存,此时通过太阳能空气集热器被加热的空气进入蓄热床,加热蓄热床的同时给建筑物供暖。The building has heating needs, and there is a certain amount of energy stored in the thermal storage bed. At this time, the air heated by the solar air collector enters the thermal storage bed, and heats the thermal storage bed while heating the building.
(四)非采暖季防潮、除霉工况(4) Moisture-proof and mildew-proof working conditions in non-heating seasons
蓄热床中的蓄热介质在非采暖中长期处于不使用状态,极易滋生霉菌,因此通过太阳能空气集热器加热空气送入蓄热床中,对蓄热床实现干燥、除霉。使用之后的空气直接排放至大气,不进入建筑物。The heat storage medium in the heat storage bed is not used for a long time during non-heating, and it is very easy to breed mold. Therefore, the air heated by the solar air collector is sent into the heat storage bed to realize drying and mold removal of the heat storage bed. The air after use is directly discharged to the atmosphere and does not enter the building.
(五)辅助热源供暖工况(5) Auxiliary heat source heating conditions
在太阳能不足并且蓄热床中无热量可用时,启动辅助热源系统直接向建筑物供暖,满足建筑物供暖需求。When the solar energy is insufficient and there is no heat available in the thermal storage bed, the auxiliary heat source system is activated to directly heat the building to meet the heating demand of the building.
(六)热水制备工况(6) Hot water preparation conditions
通过设置在集热送风管中的气水换热器来实现热水制备功能,以满足建筑物全年的热水需求。The hot water preparation function is realized through the air-water heat exchanger set in the heat collecting and air supply pipe to meet the building's hot water demand throughout the year.
本发明能够充分利用太阳能,降低系统的能源消耗,配合辅助热源的使用保证了建筑物的供热采暖。合理的使用蓄热层地笼系统,保证了蓄热的均匀性;六种工作模式之间可以互相切换,保证了本供热采暖系统对不同外部环境的适应性,该系统可满足用户采暖季的供暖负荷和全年的热水负荷。The invention can make full use of solar energy, reduce the energy consumption of the system, and cooperate with the use of auxiliary heat sources to ensure the heating of buildings. Reasonable use of the thermal storage floor cage system ensures the uniformity of thermal storage; the six working modes can be switched to each other, which ensures the adaptability of the heating system to different external environments. heating load and hot water load throughout the year.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面对本发明的实施例作详细说明,本实施例在以本发明技术方案为前提下进行实施,给出了详细的实施方式和具体的操作过程,但本发明的保护范围不限于下述的实施例。The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. This embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and detailed implementation methods and specific operating procedures are provided, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following implementation example.
如图1所示,本实施例包括:太阳能集热系统1、热能传输机构2、蓄热系统3、热水系统11以及自动控制系统4,其中:太阳能集热系统1分别与热能传输机构2相连接以传输加热空气,热能传输机构2与蓄热系统3相连接以传输热能,自动控制系统4分别与集热系统1、热能传输系统2、蓄热系统3相连接以输出控制指令。As shown in Figure 1, this embodiment includes: a solar heat collection system 1, a thermal
所述的太阳能集热系统1包括:若干个太阳能空气集热器5和集热风机6,其中:若干个太阳能空气集热器5以并联方式设置于建筑物采光面上,集热风机6通过风管分别与若干个太阳能空气集热器5相连接,太阳能空气集热器5的输出端分别通过风管与热能传输机构2相连接。Described solar heat collecting system 1 comprises: several solar
所述的太阳能空气集热器5为平板型空气集热器,经过多批次太阳能空气集热器的实验研究之后,得到了一种集热效率高,可满足建筑物采暖以及与建筑物一体化安装要求的太阳能空气集热器。The solar
所述的蓄热系统3包括:蓄热介质7、通风主地笼8和通风支地笼9,其中:通风主地笼8和通风支地笼9均埋设在蓄热介质7下部并相互连通,通风主地笼8经热能传输机构2与集热系统相连接,热能经热能传输机构2送至通风主地笼8内部,再均匀分布至各个通风支地笼9,空气经支地笼后均匀流出对蓄热介质7进行加热。The
所述的通风主地笼8由实心砖砌成,通风支地笼9由空心砖砌成。The ventilation
所述的蓄热介质7为卵石。The
所述的太阳能空气集热系统上设有辅助热源供热系统10,该辅助热源供热系统10为常规取暖装置。The solar air heat collection system is provided with an auxiliary heat
所述的太阳能空气集热系统上设有热水系统11,该热水系统11包括:气水换热器12、水循环装置13以及水箱14,其中:气水换热器12与水循环装置13相连通并同时与太阳能空气集热系统相接触,使用加热空气来加热水循环系统内部的水以保障建筑的热水供应。The solar air heat collection system is provided with a
所述的自动控制系统4包括:各分布与集热系统、蓄热系统以及热水系统中的温度传感器以及风机、水泵等自动控制信号输出部件。The automatic control system 4 includes: temperature sensors in each distribution and heat collection system, heat storage system and hot water system, and automatic control signal output components such as fans and water pumps.
对于系统的六种不同的工况,现分别结合附图做出说明。For the six different working conditions of the system, descriptions are now made in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
蓄热工况时,开启阀门18、21,关闭阀门19、20,室内送风口15、17关闭,开启室外排风口16。这样系统从室内抽风,经过集热器加热之后,均匀送入蓄热层内部加热卵石床,经卵石床渗出的低温空气被排至室外,不进入建筑物内部供暖。该工况适用于还未进入采暖季之前,建筑物尚不需要供暖,此时可以通过蓄热来为即将到来的采暖季存储热量,从室内抽风的目的是因为室内温度相对较室外温度高,经集热器加热后可以获得更高的温度。During the heat storage working condition, open the
直接向建筑物供暖工况下,开启阀门18、21,关闭阀门19、20,室内风口15开启,17关闭,排风口16关闭。系统从室内抽风,经集热器加热后不经过蓄热层,而直接进入房间内部供暖。该工况适用于长期的阴雨天之后,蓄热层内部以无热量蓄存,但是房间有供暖需求且天气情况良好时,可以通过该系统直接满足建筑的热负荷需求。以上提到的运行方式为全回风,如果系统有新风需求,则可以通过调节阀门19和18来实现,将这两个阀门的风量进行配比,以保证新风在全部空气中占有一定的比例。Under the working condition of heating directly to the building, the
经由蓄热床向建筑物供暖工况下,开启阀门18、21,关闭阀门19、20,室内风口17开启,15关闭,排风口16关闭。系统从室内抽风,经集热器加热后通过地笼均匀加热蓄热床中的卵石,从蓄热床内部渗出后,到达卵石层上部的空气层,然后进入室内供暖。该工况适用于正常情况下的供暖,即天气良好,蓄热床中有一定的热量且用户有供暖需求。以上提到的运行方式为全回风,如果系统有新风需求,则可以通过调节阀门18和19来实现,将这两个阀门的风量进行配比,以保证新风在全部空气中占有一定的比例。Under the working condition of heating the building via the heat storage bed, the
非采暖季防潮、除霉工况下,开启阀门19、21,关闭阀门18、20,关闭室内风口15、17,开启排风口16。系统从室外抽取新风,经集热器加热后,被均匀送至蓄热卵石层中对蓄热床进行防潮和除霉。该工况主要应用在非采暖季,由于在非采暖季中蓄热床大部分时间都不处于工作状态,因此内部可能会产生湿气和潮气,由此而滋生霉菌,影响建筑物的生活环境和卫生,对蓄热层中的卵石进行防潮和除霉是必要的,也是必须的。该工况工作时全部抽取室外的新风,经卵石层渗出的热湿空气全部排至室外,不得进入室内。Under the non-heating season moisture-proof and mildew-removing working conditions, open the
辅助热源供暖工况下,系统关闭,即风机停机,水泵停机,辅助热源开始工作。该工况适用于天气情况不好并且蓄热床中已无热量可用时。Under the heating condition of the auxiliary heat source, the system is closed, that is, the fan stops, the water pump stops, and the auxiliary heat source starts to work. This condition is suitable when the weather conditions are bad and no heat is available in the thermal storage bed.
热水工况下,该系统的工作模式有两种,分别针对采暖季和非采暖季。当系统处于采暖季时,无论工作于何种工况,只要集热系统在工作,即可开启水泵,驱动水循环被加热。当系统处于非采暖季时,由于建筑已不需要采暖,因此关闭阀门18、19和21,开启阀门20,可以实现空气在集热器内部的循环,更好,更高效的加热换热器中的循环水。Under hot water conditions, the system has two working modes, one for heating season and one for non-heating season. When the system is in the heating season, no matter what the working conditions are, as long as the heat collection system is working, the water pump can be turned on to drive the water cycle to be heated. When the system is in the non-heating season, since the building does not need heating, the
相对于当前应用的水暖采暖系统,本太阳能供热采暖系统无需考虑防漏、防冻,无需加装室内换热设备,降低了太阳能采暖的成本,并可高效自动化运行。Compared with the current water heating and heating system, this solar heating and heating system does not need to consider leak-proof and anti-freezing, and does not need to install indoor heat exchange equipment, which reduces the cost of solar heating and can operate efficiently and automatically.
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