CN101786113B - Preparation method of Al-based alloy core wire - Google Patents
Preparation method of Al-based alloy core wire Download PDFInfo
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- CN101786113B CN101786113B CN2010101001450A CN201010100145A CN101786113B CN 101786113 B CN101786113 B CN 101786113B CN 2010101001450 A CN2010101001450 A CN 2010101001450A CN 201010100145 A CN201010100145 A CN 201010100145A CN 101786113 B CN101786113 B CN 101786113B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method of Al-based alloy core wires, belonging to the technical field of non-ferrous metal material plastic forming and control. The preparation method of the invention comprises the following steps: heating and melting Al-based alloy under the protective atmosphere by using a pouring system; continuously injecting Al-based alloy melt in a trough between a rotation roller and a fixed shoe to solidify and form, extruding and forming the metal with micro-containers and moulds to obtain core wires; placing the formed core wires in a cooling water tank for cooling; and using a take-up system to pull and wind the formed Al-based alloy core wires passing through the cooling water tank and obtain wire coils. The invention has the advantages that the process flow is short, energy is saved, the tissue shape of core wires is good, the pattern and size are accurate, the surface oxidation of core wires is effectively inhibited, the grain structure of the core wire material is significantly refined, the plasticity of the core wire material is increased, and good boundary condition and plastic deformation performance can be provided for the subsequent cladding, welding and pulling processes of core wires.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to nonferrous materials Plastic Forming and control technology field, particularly a kind of preparation method of Al based alloy core wire.
Background technology
Copper cladding aluminum conductor is the upgrading products of ordinary copper, aluminum conductor, and it processes as heart yearn, employing " clad welded drawing " production technology leading in the world with Al and Al-Mg alloy.Its technical process is: earlier Al and Al-Mg alloy core wire are coated the copper layer with one heart, and carry out high-frequency welding, afterwards through drawing distortion, make and realize interatomic metallurgical binding between copper layer and the heart yearn, form copper cladding aluminum conductor.Therefore, copper cladding aluminum conductor combine the good electric conductivity of copper and aluminium in light weight, the advantage of advantages of good shielding performance, and can practice thrift copper material in large quantities.
In the production technology of clad welded drawing,, carry out the repeatedly pulling distortion owing to behind Al and the Al-Mg alloy core wire coating copper layer, be drawn to the copper cladding aluminum conductor finished product always through large, medium and small wire drawing machine.For this reason, technology has all proposed strict requirement to resistivity, comprehensive mechanical performance and the pattern dimensional accuracy of Al and Al-Mg alloy core wire.
At present, adopt casting and rolling process to produce Al and Al-Mg alloy core wire usually, have higher intensity although this technology can guarantee heart yearn, because its grain structure is thick, plasticity is relatively poor, when repeatedly pulling is out of shape, the phenomenon of broken string often occurs; Simultaneously, this technology also exists and is simply equipped, and technology is stable inadequately; The out-of-roundness of product is big, and blemish is many, the problem that greasy dirt is more serious; Make the mechanical property and the electric property fluctuation of Al and Al-Mg alloy core wire big, the pattern dimensional accuracy is low, the composite performance variation at copper layer and heart yearn interface.
Summary of the invention
Deficiency to prior art; The present invention provides a kind of preparation method of Al based alloy core wire; The employing metal bath is a blank; Through solidifying the forced plasticity deforming mode refinement heart yearn tissue with forming integrated technology and forming integrated technology, and complex optimum and the effect of strain inducing timeliness through dynamic recovery and recrystallization process, improve the plasticity and the flow harden effect of Al based alloy core wire.
Al base alloy is meant Al or Al-Mg alloy among the present invention, and wherein Al adopts electrician's pure aluminum material, and the Al-Mg alloy is the alloy that in electrician's pure aluminum material, adds the preparation of Mg element.
Device used in the present invention comprises running gate system; Bosh; The take-up system; Control system and aluminium, magnesium alloy and composite material continuously concreting thereof and forming integrated device, wherein:
(1) running gate system
Form by automatic feeding device, heating furnace, fluid level control device, gas shield device and liquid injection pipe.Automatic feeding device has automatic charging; The function of preheating and auto feed; Heating furnace is used for the fusing of Al base alloy, and fluid level control device is used for keeping the basicly stable of heating furnace melt level, and gas shield device is used to protect melt to avoid oxidative slagging; Liquid injection pipe points to the sprue gate of shaping main frame to guarantee continuously flowing into of metal bath, accomplishes the control that melt injects.
(2) aluminium, magnesium alloy and composite material continuously concreting thereof and forming integrative device
Comprise motor, frame, live-rollers, fixedly boots seat and mould; Adopt frequency changing AC speed changing; Two outlet structures are the continuous solidification of solution metal material and the temperature control problem of forming process, adopt the forced circulation water-cooling system to cool off in aluminium, magnesium alloy and composite material continuously concreting thereof and the forming integrative device; The radiant type type of cooling is adopted on the live-rollers surface, to improve the intensity of cooling to metal bath.Simultaneously, use hydraulic nut, offer live-rollers assembly pretightening power, and rely on the rubber parts sealing, solve stability and the sealing problem of live-rollers under strong moment of torsion working condition.
(3) control system
In the fixedly boots seat from the sprue gate to outlet thermocouple is installed; Multiple spot is measured the each point temperature of continuous solidification and forming process in real time; Input at live-rollers is provided with torsion-testing apparatus and Hall switch formula speed measuring device; The continuous solidification of whole unit and forming process control comprise that power such as melt flow, intensity of cooling, live-rollers rotating speed and the online cooling of goods can parameter show, adopt PLC FPGA control technology.
(4) take-up system
Take-up system applies variable-frequency motor stepless time adjustment mode, and synchronous through PLC control maintenance heart yearn outlet speed and take-up speed, and the drawing tension of the about 20kgf of foundation.
Preparation method of the present invention is following:
Choose raw material A l base alloy; Automatic feeding device through running gate system is rendered to Al base alloy in the heating furnace that has gas shield and is melted; Form Al base alloy melt, Al base alloy melt is injected the live-rollers of " aluminium, magnesium alloy and composite material continuously concreting thereof and forming integrative device " and fixedly solidifies in the groove between the boots seat and be shaped, through little recipient and mould; Make metal crimp, obtain the Al based alloy core wire.
The pouring temperature of described Al base alloy melt is controlled at 700 ℃～760 ℃ scopes, and Al base alloy comprises Al or Al-Mg alloy, and wherein Al adopts electrician's pure aluminum material, and the Al-Mg alloy is for adding the alloy of 1%～1.5%Mg preparation in electrician's fine aluminium.
Described Al base alloy solidifies and large plastometric set in strong shearing and the lively attitude of elevated pressure, makes the Al-Mg alloy have the strain inducing ageing behavior simultaneously, live-rollers and the fixedly equal water flowing cooling of boots seat, and the live-rollers rotating speed is 5rpm～25rpm.
Described Al based alloy core wire directly through the bosh cooling, keeps the tissue of dynamic recovery through after the crimp, and its cooling condition is: heart yearn passes through the cooled temperature of water-cooling groove continuously less than 70 ℃.
Solidifying with forming process of alloy of Al base is among the present invention: the metal experience is solidified-semisolid deformation-solid-state Plastic Forming three phases.In solidification stages, be the nucleation process that metal bath depends on the live-rollers interface.In the semisolid deformation stage, metal is in friction in the liquid-solid turbulent condition generation that coexists mutually, makes crystallization continuous formation occur, constantly destroyed again, and the dynamic process that forms again.In the solid-state Plastic Forming stage; Metal receives strong detrusion effect, simultaneously, solidify with forming integrated technology be under high pressure crystallization and freezing and plastic deformation; Be force feeding and densification process compound, the expansion energy that impressed pressure provides has increased nucleation rate.Therefore, the grain structure of goods is very tiny, and intensity significantly improves, and plasticity is good.Solidify shaping main frame with forming integrated technology; Adopt latent heat of solidification, flow of metal heat and the frictional heat of water-circulating cooling device balance Al base alloy melt; Through regulating intensity of cooling, pouring temperature and going out linear velocity, can control and solidify and molding condition, thereby change the structure property for preparing.
Advantage of the present invention: it is blank that metal bath is directly adopted in (1), only in an operation, accomplishes solidifying and being shaped of metal, be a kind of strong shear and high pressure under dynamic solidification and large plastometric set process, have energy-conservationly, the heart yearn tissue morphology is good, stable performance; (2) heart yearn is by the mold hot extrusion molding, and directly water seal cooling, effectively stoped the heart yearn surface oxidation, and the heart yearn out-of-roundness that can thoroughly solve casting and rolling process is big, and blemish is many, the problem that greasy dirt is more serious; (3) it is little to have an occupation area of equipment, and energy consumption is low, and yield rate is high, the technical advantage of goods that can continuously production overlength degree; (4) through the microalloying thinning processing and solidify the reasonable control with forming integrated process interface parameter; The complex optimum that comprises structure refinement, dynamic recovery and recrystallization process; On the heart yearn basis that can be not less than casting and rolling process in the electric conductivity and the mechanical strength of Al and Al-Mg alloy core wire; Significantly improve the grain structure of heart yearn material, promote the plasticity of heart yearn material, its average grain diameter d＜120mm; Percentage elongation δ >=35% provides good plastic deformation performance thereby can be postorder production.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1. the present invention adopts the device sketch map;
Fig. 2. aluminium, magnesium alloy and composite material continuously concreting thereof and forming integrative device schematic diagram;
Fig. 3. the Al heart yearn of two kinds of method preparations is organized comparison structure figure;
Fig. 4. the Al-Mg alloy core wire of two kinds of method preparations is organized comparison structure figure;
Fig. 5. the Al-Mg alloy core wire stress strain curve figure of continuous casting and rolling preparation;
Fig. 6. Al-Mg alloy core wire stress strain curve figure of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
The preparation method of a kind of Al based alloy core wire of the present invention combines embodiment and accompanying drawing to specify.
Device used in the present invention is as shown in Figure 1, comprises running gate system, bosh, take-up system, control system and aluminium, magnesium alloy and composite material continuously concreting thereof and forming integrative device, wherein:
(1) running gate system
Form by automatic feeding device, heating furnace, fluid level control device, gas shield device and liquid injection pipe.Wherein, Automatic feeding device has the function of automatic charging and preheating, and automatic charging realizes that through metal belt conveyer belt is that annular is on power wheel and driven pulley; Power wheel is by motor-driven; Endless belt conveyer is in tilted layout, and every interval 500mm has a supporting plate on conveyer belt, by supporting plate Al and Al-Mg alloy cast ingot is sent into preheating furnace.Preheating is accomplished in preheating furnace, and the constant temperature of preheating furnace is 400 ℃, and be 40 minutes preheating time.Heating furnace is the two chambers of electric resistor heating type melting furnaces, and first Room is a heating clamber, and second Room is a moist closet, and its parameter is: the fusing amount is 400 kilograms of aluminium, and the highest constant temperature of stove is 800 ℃.Fluid level control device adopts ball float to drive Metallic rod, and by Metallic rod control optoelectronic switch, afterwards with the signal of optoelectronic switch, is sent to the PLC controller and drives the feeding device action, and is reinforced in heating furnace.Protective atmosphere is an argon gas in the gas shield device, after excess pressure and flow conciliation, makes flow remain on 3L/min～5L/min, and divides two-way to lead in the heating furnace at the furnace roof of heating furnace.Liquid injection pipe is for guaranteeing the stability of metal melt temperature, and liquid injection pipe has the resistance heated function, and its constant temperature is 720 ℃.
(2) aluminium, magnesium alloy and composite material continuously concreting thereof and forming integrative device are as shown in Figure 2,
Comprise motor, frame, live-rollers, fixedly boots seat and mould, adopt frequency changing AC speed changing, two outlet structures.Be the continuous solidification of solution metal material and the temperature control problem of forming process; Adopt the forced circulation water-cooling system to cool off in aluminium, magnesium alloy and composite material continuously concreting thereof and the forming integrative device; The radiant type type of cooling is adopted on the live-rollers surface, to improve the intensity of cooling to metal bath.Simultaneously, use the Pilger hydraulic nut, offer live-rollers assembly pretightening power, and rely on the rubber parts sealing, solve stability and the sealing problem of live-rollers under strong moment of torsion working condition.
(3) control system
In the fixedly boots seat from the sprue gate to outlet thermocouple is installed; Multiple spot is measured the each point temperature of continuous solidification and forming process in real time; Input at live-rollers is provided with torsion-testing apparatus and Hall switch formula speed measuring device; The continuous solidification of whole unit and forming process control comprise that melt flow, intensity of cooling, live-rollers rotating speed and the online cooling of goods etc. and power can parameter show employing PLC FPGA control technology.
(4) take-up system
Take-up system applies variable-frequency motor stepless time adjustment mode, and synchronous through PLC control maintenance heart yearn outlet speed and take-up speed, and the drawing tension of the about 20kgf of foundation, the specification of devices for taking-up is: the heart yearn weight 200kg that curls, length is greater than 1000m.
It is as shown in table 1 that heart yearn prepares the device technique parameter that process uses in an embodiment.
Table 1.
Embodiment 1
Present embodiment Al base alloy is chosen electrician's fine aluminium and is described:
The preparation process of present embodiment comprises the steps:
Step 1, Al is rendered in the heating furnace in the running gate system, Al is dissolved into metal bath, 750 ℃ of the heating clamber constant temperatures of heating furnace through the running gate system automatic feeding device; 700 ℃～730 ℃ of moist closet constant temperatures; Temperature is controlled to be 700 ℃～720 ℃ during cast, and the liquid injection pipe constant temperature is 720 ℃, and liquid injection pipe points to the sprue gate of aluminium, magnesium alloy and composite material continuously concreting and forming integrative device; To guarantee flowing into smoothly continuously of metal bath, accomplish the control that melt injects;
Step 2, employing utility model 200720185231X device form processing to metal bath; Al is injected live-rollers and the fixing groove between the boots seat; Metal bath solidifies in the die cavity between strong torque axis action roller and static fixedly boots seat, and it is hot with distortion under the effect of live-rollers interface friction, to make metal produce deformation force, and reaches the plastic deformation condition; Through little recipient and the mould in the fixing boots seat; Make it that extruding plastic deformation take place, obtain the heart yearn of corresponding pattern size, simultaneously with dynamic recovery and tending to of crystallization again.Cooling condition and velocity of rotation requirement, live-rollers and the fixedly equal water flowing cooling of boots seat, cooling water flow is 10L/min～15L/min, the live-rollers rotating speed is 10rpm;
Step 3, with the heart yearn of extrusion molding through cooling off in the bosh, keep the dynamic recovery tissue of heart yearn, heart yearn is 50 ℃ through the cooled temperature of water-cooling groove continuously;
Step 4, will pass through the Al based alloy core wire that bosh is shaped and be curled into dish, be prepared into the Al heart yearn of diameter for
10.6mm through the traction of take-up system.
Contrast as follows with the structure property of the Al heart yearn of this shaping unit preparation Al heart yearn with the casting and rolling process preparation:
Visible like Fig. 3; The Al heart yearn tissue of continuous casting and rolling (Fig. 3 (a), Fig. 3 (b)) all is thick grain structure almost, at the heart yearn longitudinal profile, also has thick lath-shaped grain structure (Fig. 3 (b)); Present columnar grain tissue morphology (Fig. 3 (a)) at the heart yearn horizontal section; Radially radiation shape distributes, and obviously is to grow up from the die wall forming core and towards the relative direction of hot-fluid to form, and converges the back growth process in refinement test mould central area and stops.Therefore, the longitudinal axis dimension of columanar structure is about Al heart yearn radius size.
And Al heart yearn tissue of the present invention (Fig. 3 (c), Fig. 3 (d)) is more tiny grain structure, the lath-shaped grain structure complete obiteration of longitudinal profile.
Embodiment 2
Present embodiment Al base alloy is chosen the Al-Mg alloy that adds 1%～1.5%Mg preparation in electrician's fine aluminium and is described:
The composition of Al-Mg alloy is as shown in table 2.
Table 2
Preparation method of the present invention comprises the steps:
Step 1, the Al-Mg alloy is rendered in the heating furnace in the running gate system through the running gate system automatic feeding device; The Al-Mg alloy is dissolved into metal bath; 750 ℃ of the heating clamber constant temperatures of heating furnace, 700 ℃～730 ℃ of moist closet constant temperatures, temperature is controlled to be 700 ℃～720 ℃ during cast; The liquid injection pipe constant temperature is 720 ℃; Liquid injection pipe points to the sprue gate of aluminium, magnesium alloy and composite material continuously concreting and forming integrative device, to guarantee flowing into smoothly continuously of metal bath, accomplishes the control that melt injects;
Step 2, employing utility model 200720185231X device form processing to metal bath; The Al-Mg alloy is injected live-rollers and the fixing groove between the boots seat; Solidify in the die cavity of metal bath between strong torque axis action roller and static fixedly boots seat; Under the effect of live-rollers interface friction, make metal produce deformation force and distortion heat; And reach the plastic deformation condition, obtain the heart yearn of corresponding pattern size through the little recipient in the mould, simultaneously with the generation of dynamic recovery, crystallization trend again and strain inducing timeliness.Cooling condition and velocity of rotation requirement, live-rollers and the fixedly equal water flowing cooling of boots seat, cooling water flow is 10L/min～15L/min, and the live-rollers rotating speed is 8rpm;
Step 3, with the heart yearn of extrusion molding through cooling off in the bosh, keep the dynamic recovery tissue of heart yearn, heart yearn is 70 ℃ through the cooled temperature of water-cooling groove continuously;
Step 4, will pass through the Al-Mg alloy core wire that bosh is shaped and be curled into dish, be prepared into the Al-Mg alloy core wire of diameter for
8.6mm through the traction of take-up system.
Contrast as follows with the structure property of the Al-Mg alloy core wire of this shaping unit preparation Al-Mg alloy core wire with the casting and rolling process preparation:
Visible like Fig. 4, the Al-Mg alloy core wire of continuous casting and rolling (Fig. 4 (a), Fig. 4 (b)) is very thick grain structure, at the heart yearn longitudinal profile, presents thick columanar structure (Fig. 4 (b)), and its crystal grain average-size longitudinally reaches 4000 μ m.Present thick equi-axed crystal tissue morphology (Fig. 4 (a)) at the heart yearn horizontal section, the average-size of its crystal grain reaches 2500 μ m.
And Al-Mg alloy core wire tissue of the present invention (Fig. 4 (c), Fig. 4 (d)) is more tiny equiax crystal grain structure, and its average grain size is merely 100 μ m.
The above results shows: compare with casting and rolling process, the present invention's technology preparation Al and Al-Mg alloy core wire present less grain structure form, and have significantly dynamic recovery tissue signature.
Table 3 is casting and rolling process and the tensile property parameter of solidifying with the Al and the Al-Mg alloy core wire of forming integrated prepared.
Table 3
Visible like table 3:
1, continuous casting and rolling and heart yearn of the present invention are relatively found: the percentage elongation that solidifies with forming integrated heart yearn obviously is better than the continuous casting and rolling heart yearn, for follow-up drawing deformation provides the good condition of palsticity;
Relatively find that 2, the work hardening index of heart yearn of the present invention is apparently higher than the continuous casting and rolling heart yearn with continuous casting and rolling, Al-Mg alloy heart yearn of the present invention particularly, its hardenability value is 0.26, and the continuous casting and rolling heart yearn be merely 0.03.Therefore; The follow-up drawing of heart yearn of the present invention has bigger strength enhancing space, that is to say the intensity after the follow-up drawing of heart yearn of the present invention, can reach strength standard value; Particularly for Al-Mg alloy heart yearn of the present invention; Its intensity is near the continuous casting and rolling heart yearn, so can reach strength standard value equally through reducing the method for Mg content.
Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 are casting and rolling process and the stress strain curve that solidifies with the Al-Mg alloy core wire of forming integrated prepared.
Can find out from Al-Mg alloy core wire stress strain curve: compare the stress strain curve of Al-Mg alloy core wire of the present invention, the tangible work-hardening effect of tool with casting and rolling process.Simultaneously, presenting the zigzag form from curve, show its tangible work-hardening effect, is high strain rate and the temperature conditions that comes from strong detrusion in the forming process of the present invention, makes the Al-Mg alloy that the strain inducing ageing behavior take place.
Claims (1)
1. the preparation method of an Al based alloy core wire; It is characterized in that: choose raw material A l base alloy; Automatic feeding device through running gate system is rendered to Al base alloy in the heating furnace that has gas shield and is melted; Form Al base alloy melt, Al base alloy melt is injected the live-rollers of " aluminium, magnesium alloy and composite material continuously concreting thereof and forming integrative device " and fixedly solidifies in the groove between the boots seat and be shaped, through little recipient and mould; Make metal crimp, obtain the Al based alloy core wire; The pouring temperature of described Al base alloy melt is controlled at 700 ℃～760 ℃ scopes, and Al base alloy is for adding the alloy of 1%～1.5%Mg preparation in electrician's fine aluminium; Described Al base alloy solidifies and large plastometric set in strong shearing and the lively attitude of elevated pressure, makes the Al-Mg alloy have the strain inducing ageing behavior, live-rollers and the fixedly equal water flowing cooling of boots seat, and the live-rollers rotating speed is 5rpm～25rpm; Described Al based alloy core wire directly through the bosh cooling, keeps the tissue of dynamic recovery through after the crimp, and its cooling condition is: heart yearn passes through the cooled temperature of water-cooling groove continuously less than 70 ℃; Described aluminium, magnesium alloy and composite material continuously concreting thereof and forming integrative device comprise motor, frame, live-rollers, fixedly boots seat and mould; Adopt frequency changing AC speed changing, two outlet structures are the continuous solidification of solution metal material and the temperature control problem of forming process; Adopt the forced circulation water-cooling system to cool off in aluminium, magnesium alloy and composite material continuously concreting thereof and the forming integrative device; The radiant type type of cooling is adopted on the live-rollers surface, to improve the intensity of cooling to metal bath, simultaneously; Use hydraulic nut; Offer live-rollers assembly pretightening power, and rely on the rubber parts sealing, solve stability and the sealing problem of live-rollers under strong moment of torsion working condition.
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| CN102380589A (en) * | 2011-10-19 | 2012-03-21 | 江苏盛天实业有限公司 | Aluminum-magnesium alloy tube continuous solidification and semi-solid forming process |
| CN102328039A (en) * | 2011-10-19 | 2012-01-25 | 江苏盛天实业有限公司 | Aluminum and aluminum alloy continuous solidification and semi-solid forming process |
Citations (4)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2228000Y (en) * | 1995-09-26 | 1996-05-29 | 东北大学 | Continuous casting and extruding machine of aluminium alloy |
| CN1153689A (en) * | 1995-12-07 | 1997-07-09 | 鞍山市腾鳌特区合成金属材料有限公司 | Continuous aluminium-titanium-boron wire casting and extruding process |
| CN101224490A (en) * | 2008-01-31 | 2008-07-23 | 东北大学 | Continuous rheological extending forming method for preparing Al alloy tube |
| CN201143555Y (en) * | 2007-12-27 | 2008-11-05 | 东北大学 | Aluminium magnesium alloy and its composite material continuously concreting and forming integrative device |
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2010
- 2010-01-25 CN CN2010101001450A patent/CN101786113B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2228000Y (en) * | 1995-09-26 | 1996-05-29 | 东北大学 | Continuous casting and extruding machine of aluminium alloy |
| CN1153689A (en) * | 1995-12-07 | 1997-07-09 | 鞍山市腾鳌特区合成金属材料有限公司 | Continuous aluminium-titanium-boron wire casting and extruding process |
| CN201143555Y (en) * | 2007-12-27 | 2008-11-05 | 东北大学 | Aluminium magnesium alloy and its composite material continuously concreting and forming integrative device |
| CN101224490A (en) * | 2008-01-31 | 2008-07-23 | 东北大学 | Continuous rheological extending forming method for preparing Al alloy tube |
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| Title |
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| JP特开2009-291804A 2009.12.17 |
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