CN101766072A - 一种吹填海泥的脱盐方法 - Google Patents
一种吹填海泥的脱盐方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101766072A CN101766072A CN201010101683A CN201010101683A CN101766072A CN 101766072 A CN101766072 A CN 101766072A CN 201010101683 A CN201010101683 A CN 201010101683A CN 201010101683 A CN201010101683 A CN 201010101683A CN 101766072 A CN101766072 A CN 101766072A
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- sea mud
- hydraulic fill
- fill sea
- hydraulic
- desalination
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- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus Chemical compound 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- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000003567 photophosphorylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004977 physiological function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035790 physiological processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002574 poison Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 salt ion Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc Chemical compound data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Abstract
本发明涉及一种吹填海泥的脱盐方法，1、在吹填区域铺设地下暗管，对土层进行深翻；2、冬春季节干湿交替和冻融交替后，向吹填海泥掺拌电石渣和粗骨性材料，吹填海泥、电石渣和粗骨性材料的体积份数比为0.5-0.65∶0.01-0.5∶0.25-0.5，掺拌均匀；3、对掺拌后的吹填海泥灌溉冲洗、脱盐，冲洗水由地下暗管排出。本发明的有益效果为：改变吹填海泥的渗透速率和化学性质，提高吹填海泥渗透能力和脱盐速度，使吹填海泥的盐分在短时间内降低到植物生长的耐受水平以下，极大的缩短了现有技术的脱盐周期，同时提高脱盐用水的使用效率。
Description
一种吹填海泥的脱盐方法
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及一种吹填海泥的改良方法，特别涉及一种吹填海泥的脱盐方法。
背景技术
[0002] 我国北方沿海地区大多地势平坦、海拔高度低，地下水位高、矿化度大、植被稀少、土壤含盐量高、土壤脱盐困难，极易受台风、风暴潮、盐碱化、风沙化、盐尘暴的严重影响，生态系统脆弱，随着沿海的开发开放，城市化进程日益加快， 一方面很多地方需要区域性填垫抬高地面，另一方面，作为改变城市环境，提高城市防灾减灾能力，美化城市环境的园林绿化也需要大量的适于植物生长的土源等现实问题，若采用传统的农田客土方式显然违背了可持续发展理念，因此，目前多采用吹填海底淤泥解决土源问题，而吹填海泥是近代河流冲积物经海水中盐分的絮凝作用沉积而成，没有成土过程发生，不是自然土壤，是滨海盐土的成土母质，具有含盐量高，结构差、比重和容重大、孔隙度和渗透系数小，粘粒含量高，质地粘重，不具肥力，不具备植物种植和成活的条件等特点，一般说来当植物根系分布层土壤中易溶盐类达到0. 1%时，植物的生长已受到伤害，达到0. 2%时影响较为明显，达到0. 5%时，大部分植物就不能生长。
[0003] 由于盐分限制，盐碱土上的植被和作物生长不良，有机质来源少，同时盐分的化学组成也降低了某些养分的有效性，如磷和锌被固定；土壤生物活性低，也影响了土壤中物质的转化和矿质养分的有效性；土壤水分有效性降低，植物根系吸水困难，甚至出现反渗透现象，造成生理干旱；植物过多吸收某些盐类离子后，引起中毒或生理功能失调，如引起植物原生质膜的损伤，造成胞内溶质渗漏；土壤内代换性钠离子过多，导致土壤结构变坏，通透性差，微生物活动减弱，土壤肥力显著下降；影响植物光合作用，严重阻碍了叶绿体依存于C02的氧产量和光合磷酸化过程中偶联电子传递。因此吹填海泥不能直接进行园林绿化，极大制约了区域环境建设，也不适应经济发展和人居环境要求。
[0004] 在吹填海泥改良的现有技术中，有在吹填海泥自然疏干后，通过若干年的自然降雨脱盐后，生长盐地碱蓬、猪毛菜、白剌等盐生植被进行改良，待盐分降到符合一般园林植物耐受水平后加以利用，或者通过在吹填海泥中埋设暗管、大水洗盐等方式进行改良，也有利用碱渣、粉煤灰加快脱盐方式进行改良等。[0005] 上述现有技术存在以下缺点：
[0006] 通过自然降雨脱盐，然后再通过盐生植被自然演替方式进行改良需要周期太长，无法适应园林绿化建设、经济发展以及人居环境建设对时间的要求，铺设暗管，大水洗盐方式耗水量大，同时吹填海泥渗透能力差，脱盐时间也较长，掺拌粉煤灰、碱渣改良方式虽能加快吹填海泥的脱盐速率，但废弃物资源有限、且受地域限制，而且由于技术进步，粉煤灰多加工为附加值更高的材料使用，目前已很难有粉煤灰用作吹填海泥的改良材料，必须寻找其他废弃物的替代品。
3发明内容
[0007] 本发明的目的在于为了克服现有技术的不足，提供一种吹填海泥的脱盐方法。[0008] 本发明为实现上述目的，采用以下技术方案：[0009] (1)、在吹填区域铺设地下暗管，对土层进行深翻；
[0010] (2)、冬春季节干湿交替和冻融交替后，向吹填海泥掺拌电石渣和粗骨性材料，吹填海泥、电石渣和粗骨性材料的体积份数比为0.5-0. 65 : 0.01-0.5 : 0.25-0. 5，掺拌均匀；
[0011] (3)、对掺拌后的吹填海泥灌溉冲洗、脱盐，冲洗水由地下暗管排出。[0012] 所述的粗骨性材料包括以下材料中的至少一种：液态渣、吹填海砂、河沙。[0013] 所述的吹填海泥、电石渣和粗骨性材料的体积份数比为0.55 : 0.05 : 0.4或0. 5 : 0. 25 : 0. 25。
[0014] 所述冬春季节是指冬季土壤上冻至春季土壤解冻之间。[0015] 本发明所具有的有益效果：
[0016] (1)、本发明在吹填海泥中添加电石渣和粗骨性材料，改变了吹填海泥的物理性质，提高其渗透速率，加快脱盐，消除盐分对植物的影响为吹填海泥的直接改良利用和吹填区植被快速构建提供条件。
[0017] (2)、本发明改变了吹填海泥的化学性质和离子组成，使吹填海泥中氯离子和钠离子能快速脱出，同时钙离子等占优势，有利于改变吹填海泥的结构和抑制脱盐碱化等问题，并在一定程度上提高植物耐盐能力。
[0018] (3)、本发明极大的縮短了现有技术的脱盐周期，同时提高脱盐用水的使用效率。具体实施方式
[0019] 下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步的说明。[0020] 实施例1
[0021] 天津滨海新区吹填海泥粘泥含量高，塑性强、盐分含量高、渗透系数小，针对此特点，处理方法为：（l)ll月上旬先对吹填区域铺设地下暗管并进行80cm土层深翻；（2)经过冬季冻和春季融之后，吹填海泥结构松散，再向吹填海泥添加电石渣和吹填沙，按体积分数比，吹填海泥0. 55份，电石渣的添加量为0. 05份，吹填沙的添加量为0. 4份，机械掺拌均匀；（3)向掺拌后的吹填海泥灌溉冲洗，冲洗过程保持7cm的水压，并将冲洗水由地下暗管排出，持续120小时，至深翻土层全盐含量小于或等于3g/kg为止。[0022] 实施例2
[0023] 天津滨海新区吹填海泥粘泥含量高，塑性强、盐分含量高、渗透系数小，针对此特点，处理方法为：（l)ll月上旬先对吹填区域铺设地下暗管并进行40cm土层深翻；（2)经过冬季冻和春季融之后，吹填海泥结构松散，再向吹填海泥添加电石渣和吹填沙，按体积分数比，吹填海泥0. 55份，电石渣的添加量为0. 05份，吹填沙的添加量为0. 4份，机械掺拌均匀；（3)向掺拌后的吹填海泥灌溉冲洗，冲洗过程保持5cm的水压，并将冲洗水由地下暗管排出，持续54小时，至深翻土层全盐含量小于或等于3g/kg为止。[0024] 实施例3
[0025] 天津滨海新区吹填海泥粘泥含量高，塑性强、盐分含量高、渗透系数小，针对此特
4点，处理方法为：（l)ll月上旬先对吹填区域铺设地下暗管并进行80cm土层深翻；（2)经过冬季冻和春季融之后，吹填海泥结构松散，再向吹填海泥添加电石渣和吹填沙，按体积分数比，吹填海泥0. 5份，电石渣的添加量为0. 25份，吹填沙的添加量为0. 25份，机械掺拌均匀；（3)向掺拌后的吹填海泥灌溉冲洗，冲洗过程保持7cm的水压，并将冲洗水由地下暗管排出，持续180小时，至深翻土层全盐含量小于或等于3g/kg为止。[0026] 实验证明，本发明实施后的效果如下：
[0027] (1)混合基质的日均脱盐速率为O. 32% -0. 35%，而吹填海泥渗透速率小于10—7cm/s，几乎不脱盐，本技术极大提高了吹填海泥的脱盐效率；
[0028] (2)混合基质在保持水压的条件下，使深翻的土体通体达到脱盐要求，本技术极大縮短了吹填海泥的改良时间（自然条件下需要5-10年时间）；
[0029] (3)混合基质脱盐后各层粒径组成主要以细砂粒为主，而吹填海泥主要以粗粘粒为主；
[0030] (4)混合基质脱盐后离子组成由原来的Na+、Ca2+、Cr、C032—型转为Ca2+、S042—型，且Cl—、Na+溶脱率都在98%以上，Ca2+溶脱率为85%， C032—溶脱率99%以上，而对照物吹填海泥为O ;
[0031] (5)上述混合基质脱盐后种植以下几种植物（高羊茅、草地早熟禾、苜蓿、白三叶）均生长良好；
[0032] (6)本技术成本低，每平米绿地成本比客土改良绿化成本降低25元，同时可以满
足社会经济的发展的要求和区域可持续发展，对环境也不会造成负面影响。
[0033] 在天津以外的其它地区，因材料来源不一样，施用量可以根据需要做适当的调整，
可按吹填海泥、电石渣和粗骨性材料的体积份数比为0.5-0.65 : 0.01-0.5 : 0.25-0. 5来
添加电石渣和粗骨性材料。
[0034] 本发明正是在吹填海泥（滨海盐土的成土母质）中添加电石渣和粗骨性材料，一
方面改变了吹填海泥的物理性质，提高其渗透速率，加快脱盐，消除盐分对植物的影响，为
吹填海泥的直接改良利用和吹填区植被快速构建提供条件，另一方面，改变了吹填海泥的
化学性质和离子组成，使吹填海泥中氯离子和钠离子能快速脱出，同时钙离子等占优势，有
利于改变吹填海泥的结构和抑制脱盐碱化等问题，并在一定程度上提高植物耐盐能力。
[0035] 以上所述，仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已，并非对本发明的技术方案作任何形式
上的限制，凡是依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与修
饰，均仍属于本发明的技术方案的范围内。
Claims (4)
- 一种吹填海泥的脱盐方法，其特征在于，(1)、在吹填区域铺设地下暗管，对土层进行深翻；(2)、冬春季节干湿交替和冻融交替后，向吹填海泥掺拌电石渣和粗骨性材料，吹填海泥、电石渣和粗骨性材料的体积份数比为0.5-0.65∶0.01-0.5∶0.25-0.5，掺拌均匀；(3)、对掺拌后的吹填海泥灌溉冲洗、脱盐，冲洗水由地下暗管排出。
- 2. 根据权利要求1所述的吹填海泥的脱盐方法，其特征在于，所述的粗骨性材料包括以下材料中的至少一种：液态渣、吹填海砂、河沙。
- 3. 根据权利要求1所述的吹填海泥的脱盐方法，其特征在于，所述的吹填海泥、电石渣和粗骨性材料的体积份数比为0. 55 : 0.05 : 0.4或0. 5 : 0.25 : 0.25。
- 4. 根据权利要求1所述的吹填海泥的脱盐方法，其特征在于，所述冬春季节是指冬季土壤上冻至春季土壤解冻之间。
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| CN102612887A (zh) * | 2012-04-18 | 2012-08-01 | 天津泰达园林规划设计院有限公司 | 一种围海吹填区植被快速构建方法 |
| CN102696297A (zh) * | 2012-06-27 | 2012-10-03 | 天津城市建设学院 | 流化床炉渣为外包滤层的暗管排盐系统设置方法 |
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| CN102696297A (zh) * | 2012-06-27 | 2012-10-03 | 天津城市建设学院 | 流化床炉渣为外包滤层的暗管排盐系统设置方法 |
| CN102696297B (zh) * | 2012-06-27 | 2014-11-12 | 天津城市建设学院 | 流化床炉渣为外包滤层的暗管排盐系统设置方法 |
| CN107580821A (zh) * | 2017-10-24 | 2018-01-16 | 潍坊友容实业有限公司 | 轻度盐碱地植被快速规模化绿化方法 |
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| CN107667593A (zh) * | 2017-10-24 | 2018-02-09 | 潍坊友容实业有限公司 | 中度盐碱地土壤生态深度改良方法 |
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