CN101761387A - Flywheel simple harmonic motion four-stroke engine - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a four-stroke engine (internal combustion engine); a flywheel has the motion similar to simple harmonic motion; the engine mainly comprises a reel mechanism, a crankshaft connecting rod mechanism, a main piston and a displacer piston; the main piston and the displacer piston form single-cylinder double pistons; the cross section of a reel is in a figure-eight shape; a steel rope passes through the middle of the figure-eight shape; the main piston is provided with a ventilation hole; the compression and power stroke displacer piston and the main piston move synchronously to seal the cylinder together; speed of the exhaust and suction stroke main piston is reduced and the displacer piston independently completes the exhaust and the suction action; the displacer piston is a light-weighted piston; and the engine solves the problems that actual air compression ratio of the opening of a small throttle is reduced, power dead points exist, and the sealing capability of the side wall of the displacer stroke piston is wasted.

Description

A kind of flywheel simple harmonic motion four-stroke engine

Technical field

What the present invention relates to is internal-combustion engine or motor, refers in particular to the reciprocating piston type four stroke engine.

Background technique

The crankshaft connecting rod type motor of the band closure of transmission, when closure is in little aperture, actual air inlet is less than cylinder volume, and the actual air compression ratio is less than specified compression ratio, and the discharging of the lower and organic pollutant of combustion efficiency was higher when this caused the trifle valve opening.

The conventional engine of traditional crankshaft ﹠ connecting, the problem at existence acting dead point, near the pivot friction in acting dead point is bigger, and mechanical efficiency step-down, fricative heat can cause bearing lubrication condition variation again; The piston of crankshaft connecting rod type motor can be subjected to the side-thrust of connecting rod, causes piston friction increase, wearing and tearing to increase, and shortens engine life.

The piston of conventional, four-stroke motor, the Seal Design of sidewall is the air pressure about maximum 5 MPas in the time of will satisfying the expansion stroke mixture combustion, in exhaust and suction stroke, about about 0.4 MPa of maximum gas pressure, if 5 MPas need 3 piston rings to seal, then the pressure of 0.4 MPa is just much of that with 1 low elastic force piston ring packing, thus, waste in exhaust and suction stroke sealability, what the sealability of waste was brought is the frictional loss of more piston and cylinder.

Below several conventional engines can avoid some above-mentioned shortcomings.

1) becomes mechanical length formula variable compression ratio engine.

2) free piston engine.

3) two stroke engine.

The low problem of combustion efficiency that diminishes and cause because of compression ratio when change mechanical length formula variable compression ratio engine can solve the trifle valve opening, the type motor is to realize by the relative position of length that changes crankshaft-link rod or the relative cylinder head of main shaft, the problem that this scheme exists is the maximum explosive power that mixed gas need be born in the position of change mechanical length, so the thicker heaviness of structure, cost is bigger.

Other parts of the piston of free piston engine discord motor connect, can free to-and-fro motion, this motor is generally two-stroke, there is not the shortcoming of acting dead point and side pressure of piston in the type motor, the problem that free-piston engine exists is: the energy of compression stroke comes from cushioned cylinder in the expansion stroke energy stored, and the problem that cushioned cylinder brings is to increase complete machine size and weight.

Two stroke engine replaces exhaust suction stroke with scavenging, piston does not move at scavenging stroke, the frictional loss of piston and cylinder in the time of can avoiding taking a breath, the problem that the type motor exists is: if use crankcase scavenging, the lubricating condition variation of crankshaft ﹠ connecting then, if,, then can increase complete machine size and complexity such as compressor or separate cylinders with scavenging mechanism independently.

Summary of the invention

The problem to be solved in the present invention is: 1) no matter closure is in much apertures, can both guarantee suitable actual air compression ratio; 2) expansion stroke does not use the crankshaft ﹠ connecting power transmission to avoid occurring the acting dead point; 3) reduce the unnecessary frictional loss that exhaust and suction stroke are brought because of the waste of piston seal ability.

The present invention solves the scheme that its technical problem adopts: use the flywheel of similar simple harmonic motion to replace the flywheel of the unidirectional rotation of conventional engines, flywheel is equivalent to oscillator, pressurized gas is equivalent to spring, flywheel and pressurized gas are formed the simple harmonic motion mechanism of spring-like oscillator, the flywheel correspondence was in equilibrium position (notion of simple harmonic motion) when piston was in lower dead center, the flywheel correspondence was in maximum displacement forward or backwards when piston was in top dead center, because the pressure of pressurized gas and compression ratio are not directly proportional, so the reactive torque that flywheel is subjected to and its angle that turns over are not directly proportional, so flywheel is not the simple harmonic motion of doing standard, for convenience, be called similar simple harmonic motion.The concrete structure of this simple harmonic motion mechanism is: flywheel and 8 font reels are coaxial fixing, and cable wire passes in the middle of 8 font reels, and cable wire connects piston.

The movement process of flywheel once is described below, suppose that flywheel is in the equilibrium position and begins forward rotation, in compression stroke, flywheel drives the reel forward and twines cable wire, cable wire pulling Piston Compression gas, the gas compression amount is big more, and then to pass to the opposite force of flywheel by piston big more, near top dead center, flywheel angular velocity is kept to zero, and flywheel reaches the forward maximum displacement; Continue motion, at expansion stroke, gas expands flywheel is quickened, and piston is to bottom dead center position, and flywheel is got back to the equilibrium position, reached maximum angular rate, and at this compression and expansion stroke, flywheel is finished the positive-displacement (real in rotating) of the half period of simple harmonic motion.Continue motion, next compression stroke, flywheel drives reel and oppositely twines cable wire, and cable wire drives piston and spurs Piston Compression gas again, and piston arrives top dead center, flywheel reach reverse maximum displacement, and angular velocity is kept to zero; Continue motion, expansion stroke, flywheel is got back to the equilibrium position from reverse maximum displacement, and at this compression and expansion stroke, flywheel is finished the reverse displacement (real in rotating) of the half period of simple harmonic motion.

Previously described is the flywheel simple harmonic motion process, compression stroke, how many gas compression ratio and flywheels have relation at the maximum angular rate of equilibrium position and the gas that will compress, what of control maximum angular rate of flywheel and air inlet just can control gaseous actual compression ratio, this can solve the conventional engines problem that compression ratio reduces when closure is in little aperture.

Previously described flywheel is connected by the reel cable wire with piston, does not use crankshaft-link rod, and it is zero situation that there is not moment in reel winding cable wire, and this has just solved the problem at acting dead point.

Compression and expansion stroke have only been described in the front, and the solution of ventilation stroke (exhaust and air-breathing) is as follows:

Exhaust and suction stroke are used independently scavenging piston, constitute single cylinder double-piston, the piston that is connected with cable wire in the above-mentioned simple harmonic motion is a main piston, air hole is opened at the main piston top, to allow pressing close to and separating of scavenging piston and main piston, air hole allows the connecting rod of scavenging piston to pass simultaneously, scavenging piston is equivalent to the one-way cock of main piston, at compression and expansion stroke, scavenging piston and main piston are synchronized with the movement, scavenging piston is blocked the air hole of main piston, and two-piston is finished the sealing of gas jointly, after the expansion stroke and before the next compression stroke, be subjected to the master piston motion speed of reel cable wire control slow, between the slow moving period of main piston, scavenging piston separates with main piston, independently finishes exhaust and suction stroke under the control of crankshaft ﹠ connecting.

The sealability of main piston sidewall is about 5 MPas, the sealability of scavenging piston sidewall reach just can satisfy about 0.4 MPa the ventilation required, 0.4 the sealing of MPa only needs the piston ring of a low elastic force, scavenging piston can not wanted the shirt rim, is the lightweight piston.

The characteristics of motion of main piston is by the reel mechanism controls, reel mechanism controls main piston is finished a to-and-fro motion in each acting circulation, the characteristics of motion of scavenging piston is controlled by crankshaft ﹠ connecting, crankshaft ﹠ connecting control scavenging piston is finished twice to-and-fro motion in each acting circulation, the bent axle of crankshaft ﹠ connecting is subjected to the control of reel in the reel mechanism, reel and bent axle have fixing speed ratio relation, and main piston controlled jointly by reel mechanism and crankshaft ﹠ connecting and scavenging piston is finished four strokes.

In exhaust and suction stroke, during the scavenging piston ventilation, the distance that requires main piston to move is short more good more, the Cross section Design of reel is 8 fonts, cable wire passes in the middle of 8 fonts, and design can be accomplished the angle that turns at exhaust or suction stroke reel and compression or expansion stroke is identical and main piston moves apart from 4 times of difference like this.

Because exhaust and suction stroke can be used the scavenging piston of the low elastic force of lightweight, so this can reduce the unnecessary frictional loss in the conventional, four-stroke engine breathing process.

The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: a kind of combustion efficiency is higher, frictional loss motor still less, the controlled characteristics of compression ratio have solved the problem of combustion efficiency, reel mechanism has solved the problem at acting dead point, and scavenging piston has solved the problem of gas exchange process piston seal ability waste.The lighter weight of scavenging piston is the lightweight piston, the crankshaft ﹠ connecting that drives scavenging piston also can be realized lightweight, the benefit that lightweight brings is the reduction of processing cost, this motor is not used the part that is difficult to process, the processing and assembling cost is not high, and the popularization and application of this motor helps improving rate of energy.

Description of drawings

The present invention is further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments in the back.

Accompanying drawing 1 is the front elevation of unitary construction.

Accompanying drawing 2 is stereograms of unitary construction.

Accompanying drawing 3 is movement locus figure of main piston and scavenging piston.

Accompanying drawing 4 is schematic representation of swing and tilt mechanism.

Accompanying drawing 5 is schematic representation of boss guide rail distribution device.

Accompanying drawing 6 is schematic representation of three cam valve trains.

Embodiment

In accompanying drawing 1, entire mechanism roughly classifies as following several, and the composition and the working principle of every kind of mechanism are described below:

One) main piston mechanism.

Mechanism forms: main piston (11), piston rod (12), hinging shaft (13), the arm beam of steelyard (14).

Annexation: main piston (11) or fossa glenoid hinged with piston rod (12) is connected, and piston rod (12) is hinged by the hinging shaft (13) and the arm beam of steelyard (14), and hinging shaft (13) two ends are embedded in the chute on the casing.Air hole is opened at main piston (11) top.

Working principle: hinging shaft (13) is kept straight line motion by the chute constraint, piston rod (12) also keeps straight line motion can not swing, the arm beam of steelyard (14) is because hinged with piston rod, so, the power that is added in the arm beam of steelyard (14) two ends can not form moment and be added on the piston rod (12), like this, main piston (11) just is not subjected to side-thrust yet.

Two) scavenging piston mechanism.

Mechanism forms: scavenging piston (21), connecting rod (22), slide block (23)

Annexation: scavenging piston (21), connecting rod (22) and slide block (23) three are fixedlyed connected, and connecting rod (22) passes from the air hole of main piston (11), and the piston rod in the main piston mechanism (12) promptly is the slideway of sliding fast (23).

Working principle: slide block (23) guarantees that scavenging piston (21) can not tilt, thus scavenging piston (21) do not need the shirt rim, can do very thin, very light; Because cooperate and the material deformation reason, scavenging piston (21) has slight inclination, so the piston ring of scavenging piston (21) need be with the circular section to prevent the cylinder wall of swiping.

The sealability of the sidewall of scavenging piston (21) is as long as guaranteed ventilation, maximum pressure in the time of ventilation is approximately (when WOT is spent) about 0.4 MPa, so the piston ring of scavenging piston (21) only needs one, and be the piston ring of low elastic force.

Scavenging piston (21) is close to main piston (11) in compression and expansion stroke because of cylinder pressure, and the faying surface of main piston (11) also is a sealing surface, scavenging piston at this time (21) is equivalent to the spool of an one-way cock, scavenging piston at this time (21) plays the effect at sealing top, and the sealing of sidewall is finished by the sidewall of main piston.

Three) reel mechanism.

Mechanism forms: reel (31), and cable wire (32), reel gear (33), synchromesh gear (34), head pulley (35), fine motion pulley (36), equilibrium block (37), except equilibrium block (37) is one, reel mechanism is a symplex structure, part is two covers.

Annexation: cable wire (32) is the multiply annular, and cable wire (32) rides on head pulley (35) and the fine motion pulley (36), and cable wire passes the middle part of 8 font reels (31) and is fixed on reel (31) middle part; The axle of head pulley (35) is fixed on the casing, the axle of fine motion pulley (36) is fixed to the end of the arm beam of steelyard (14), reel gear (33) and reel (31) are fixing, synchromesh gear (34) and reel gear (33) engagement, two synchromesh gears intermesh, equilibrium block (37) is fixed on one section cable wire in the middle of head pulley (35) and the reel (31), fixing flywheel (flywheel is the rotor of starting electrical machinery simultaneously) on the reel.

Working principle: the effect of reel mechanism is the simple harmonic motion that realizes flywheel, a to-and-fro motion is finished in each acting circulation of control main piston (11), expansion stroke, cylinder pressure is by main piston (11), cable wire (32), reel (31), flywheel, can be converted into the kinetic energy of flywheel in the combustion gas, expansion stroke finishes, cable wire (32) is exceptionally straight, flywheel is rotated further because of inertia, flywheel drives reel (31) and oppositely twines cable wire (32), cable wire (32) pulling Piston Compression gas, the kinetic energy of flywheel is converted into the interior energy of gas.

The system of coordinates curve of accompanying drawing 3 bottoms is movement locus schematic representation of main piston (11) and scavenging piston (21), the abscissa of system of coordinates is the angle (it is zero degree that cable wire loosens when stretching fully) that reel (31) turns over, y coordinate is a piston position, near abscissa (being the top) is top dead center position, is lower dead center away from abscissa (being the bottom).

The top little figure of three width of cloth of accompanying drawing 3 promptly is the schematic representation that reel (31) twines cable wire (32), the left side one width of cloth is near twining full state, a middle width of cloth is the state that twines half, the right side one width of cloth is that cable wire (32) is near the state that stretches fully, in the system of coordinates curve of accompanying drawing 3 bottoms, the basin deltoid is the track that the P1 point forms in the reel rotation process on the cable wire in the reel mechanism, i.e. the movement locus of the main piston (11) of reel mechanism drive.

Basin deltoid in 3 in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the reel working process of mechanism is described below: at acting (1 π is to-0.5 π) and exhaust (0.5 π to 0) stroke, under gas pressure, main piston (11) moves to lower dead center from top dead center, drive the rotation of reel (31) by the arm beam of steelyard (14), fine motion pulley (36), head pulley (35), it is exceptionally straight to turn to cable wire (32), main piston (11) stop motion; At air-breathing (0 to 0.5 π) and compression (0.5 π is to 1 π) stroke, reel (31) is rotated further reverse winding and tightens up cable wire (32), cable wire (32) is bent by straight change, the cable wire direct pull fine motion pulley (36) of one side, the cable wire of an other side is by head pulley (35) pulling fine motion pulley (36), and the both sides cable wire spurs main piston (11) jointly and moves to top dead center; Main piston (11) arrives atdc, and reel (31) angular velocity reduces to zero, reel (31) backward rotation afterwards, and the back repeats acting (1 π is to 0.5 π), exhaust (0.5 π to 0), air-breathing (0 to-0.5 π), compression (0.5 π arrives-1 π) stroke.Like this, under the control of reel mechanism, main piston (11) can be implemented in an acting cycle and finish a to-and-fro motion.

The movement velocity of fine motion pulley (36) both sides cable wire is the same, fine motion pulley (36) can not rotate, but because problems such as mechanical engagement, part's machining errors and cable wire resiliently deformable, the movement velocity of fine motion pulley (36) both sides cable wire again can not be just the same, so fine motion pulley (36) can fine rotation.

The effect of synchromesh gear (34) is to allow two reels do the constant speed backward rotation, and the two cover flywheels that reel drives are also done the constant speed backward rotation, and effect is to reduce vibration, and the effect of equilibrium block (37) is the vibration that balance main piston mechanism causes.

In order to reduce the fatigue because of the flexural stress generation of cable wire (32), the diameter of cable wire can not surpass about 1/20 of reel or diameter of pulley, thus in the practical application multiply thin tightwire, or steel band.

The cross section of the reel in the present embodiment is 8 fonts, if the middle part of 8 fonts expands outwardly, then become circle, at this moment cable wire just is not to be fixed on the middle part, but being hinged on circular edge, the reel of the reel of circular cross-section and 8 shaped sections can be finished similar function.

At the machine down state, cable wire (32) can loosen, and loosens in order to prevent cable wire, and a kind of way is to add a spring mechanism, makes main piston (11) trend towards remaining on bottom dead center position.

Cable wire (32) also can replace by crooked material with other, such as chain.

The purpose that cable wire (32) is fixed on reel middle part is in order to keep the position relation of reel (31) and equilibrium block (37), and if without equilibrium block (37) cable wire (32) just do not need to be fixed on the reel (31).

Four) crankshaft ﹠ connecting.

Mechanism forms: bent axle (41), connecting rod (42), rocking arm (43), doubly fast gear (44), rocking arm main shaft (45).

Annexation: the main shaft of doubly fast gear (44) and bent axle (41) is fixed, doubly fast gear (44) and reel gear (33) engagement, the eccentric shaft of the connecting rod hinged bent axles of (42) one ends (41), connecting rod (42) the other end is hinged on the middle part of rocking arm (43); rocking arm (43) is hinged on the rocking arm main shaft (45); rocking arm (43) the other end connects the slide block (23) in the scavenging piston mechanism, and an end that is connected with slide block (23) has chute.

Working principle: the characteristics of motion of scavenging piston should be to be synchronized with the movement and to finish ventilation in exhaust and suction stroke self-movement at compression and expansion stroke and main piston, the effect of crankshaft ﹠ connecting is that control scavenging piston (21) is realized this characteristics of motion, crankshaft ﹠ connecting is subjected to the driving of reel gear (33) in the reel mechanism, the speed ratio relation of doubly fast gear (44) and reel gear (33) is designed to an acting cycle bent axle (41) and turned over for 2 weeks, reciprocal 2 times of every acting cycle of scavenging piston (21) that bent axle (41) drives.

Crankshaft ﹠ connecting drive the movement locus of scavenging piston (21) can be with reference to the accompanying drawings empty wave in 3, synthesizing of the bridge type dotted line of real wave that empty wave is the below and axis of abscissas top, the bridge type dotted line is the movement locus that accompanying drawing 4 swing and tilt mechanism cam (Y1) drive rocking arm main shaft (45), and real wave is the movement locus that simple crankshaft-link rod drives scavenging piston.

In the accompanying drawing 3, if from left to right, is expansion stroke from-1 π to-0.5 π such as time sequencing then, and-0.5 π to 0 is an exhaust stroke, 0 to 0.5 π is a suction stroke, 0.5 π is a compression stroke to 1 π, if time sequencing is from right to left, from 1 π to 0 to-1 π, still be acting, exhaust, air-breathing and compression stroke, as can be seen from the figure, at expansion stroke, scavenging piston (21) and main piston (11) (basin deltoid) be (lower dead center) motion downwards synchronously; In exhaust stroke, main piston (11) speed is kept to zero and scavenging piston (21) is independent moves to top dead center gradually; In suction stroke, scavenging piston (21) moves downward lower dead center from top dead center, and main piston (11) slowly quickens to the top dead center direction simultaneously; In compression stroke, two-piston moves to top dead center again synchronously.

Explain the swing and tilt mechanism of empty wave in the synthetic accompanying drawing 3.

Accompanying drawing 4 swing and tilt mechanisms by cam (Y1), cam follower (Y2), stop screw (Y3), short connecting rod (Y4), move a goods of furniture for display rather than for use (Y5) and parallel axes (Y6) is formed, cam (Y1) is fixed on the main shaft of reel (31); Cam follower (Y2) moving linearly in the chute of casing, cam follower (Y2) end contacts with cam (Y1), the hinged rocking arm main shaft of the other end (45); Cam and stop screw (Y3) limit the move left and right of cam follower (Y2) jointly after camming surface is raised to highest order; Rocking arm main shaft (45) is gone up rocking arm (43) is installed; Parallel axes (Y6) is installed on the casing, moves a goods of furniture for display rather than for use (Y5) and is hinged on the parallel axes (Y6), and rocking arm main shaft (45) is assemblied in and moves on the goods of furniture for display rather than for use (Y5), short connecting rod (Y4) end hinged cam driven member (Y2) hinged rocking arm main shaft of the other end (45).

The working principle of swing and tilt mechanism: compression and expansion stroke, the low concave surface of the cam of swing and tilt mechanism (Y1) allows scavenging piston (21) to be free to move with main piston (11), exhaust and suction stroke, the high face of cam (Y1) and stop screw (Y3) are fixing with rocking arm main shaft (45) jointly.

The designing requirement of scavenging piston (21) and main piston (11) is: at compression and expansion stroke, two-piston needs to overlap, at exhaust and expansion stroke, two-piston needs to separate, two-piston speed before combination is can not difference too big, otherwise collision impact and noise can become big problem, and curvature is close near the requirement on the trajectory diagram is exactly empty wave and the intersection point of basin deltoid at the two.Suppose that rocking arm main shaft (45) is fixing, then the movement locus of crankshaft ﹠ connecting drive rocking arm (43) is the real wave (cosine curve) in the accompanying drawing 3; rocking arm main shaft (45) is not fixed; driven by cam (Y1); the movement locus of rocking arm main shaft (45) is the bridge shape dotted line on accompanying drawing 3 coordinate diagram; the motion of crankshaft-link rod is loaded into rocking arm (43) middle part; the motion of cam is loaded into the lower extreme point of rocking arm (43), and the motion of the upper extreme point of rocking arm (43) is exactly the resultant motion of crankshaft-link rod and cam.

Swing and tilt mechanism is as follows at the course of action of four strokes: expansion stroke, geometric locus in the accompanying drawing 3,-1 π position, cam (Y1) is in accompanying drawing 4 shown position (the indentation face that is cam is towards cam follower), main piston (11) is in top dead center, empty wave in the accompanying drawing 3 is below the basin deltoid, if cam follower (Y2) and cam (Y1) be contact scavenging piston (21) will be in the lower dead center direction of main piston (11), but, in fact scavenging piston (21) is and main piston (11) is fitted rather than be in the lower dead center direction, so in-1 π position, cam follower (Y2) separates with cam (Y1); In-0.86 π position, camming surface begins to raise; In-0.60 π position, camming surface keeps height, empty wave and basin deltoid intersect, at this position of intersecting point, cam (Y1) contacts with cam follower (Y2), has crossed intersection point, greatly about-0.56 π position, two curves separate, and scavenging piston (21) separates with main piston (11), and scavenging piston (21) independently bears cylinder pressure.Exhaust stroke,-0.5 π to 0, camming surface keeps height, camming surface blocks the left side of cam follower (Y2), stop screw (Y3) blocks the right side, thus the rocking arm main shaft (45) that is hinged on the cam follower (Y2) by short connecting rod (Y4) be maintained fixed because different when camming surface height and-1 π position, so can move near the cylinder cap position at 0 π position scavenging piston (21), exhaust is more thorough like this; Suction stroke, 0 to 0.5 π, situation and exhaust stroke are similar; Compression stroke, 0.5 π is to 1 π, and situation and expansion stroke are similar.

Five) boss guide rail distribution device (accompanying drawing 5).

Mechanism forms: guide rail (W0), boss (W1), rocking bar (W2), rocking bar core (W3), exhaust drag-line (W4), air-breathing drag-line (W5).

Annexation: guide rail (W0) promptly is the piston rod (12) of the main piston (11) in the accompanying drawing 1, boss (W1) is the band height platform of working it out on the guide rail (W0) and the curved surface on slope, rocking bar core (W3) is fixed on the slide block (23) of scavenging piston mechanism, rocking bar (W2) is hinged on the rocking bar core (W3), and the end of exhaust drag-line (W4) and air-breathing drag-line (W5) is hinged on the rocking bar (W2).

Working principle: the scavenging piston from the accompanying drawing 3 and the movement locus of main piston as can be seen, at compression and expansion stroke, two-piston is adjacent to motion, i.e. the piston rod (12) of the slide block of scavenging piston mechanism (23) and main piston mechanism maintenance is static; In exhaust and suction stroke (pi/2 is to pi/2), main piston speed is slower, scavenging piston moves reciprocatingly with respect to main piston, in exhaust stroke, slide block (23) moves to high order end from the low order end (left and right directions shown in the accompanying drawing 5) of piston rod (11), suction stroke slide block (23) moves to low order end from high order end again, rocking bar core (W3) is fixed on the slide block (23), boss is accomplished on the piston rod (11), so exhaust stroke, rocking bar core (W3) is being with rocking bar (W2) to left movement, and first convex platform is when moving near high order end, lower convex platform, rocking bar in convex platform (W2) is stirred by the slope of boss, the several angle that turns clockwise, and the exhaust drag-line (W4) that is hinged on the rocking bar (W2) is pulled, exhaust drag-line (W4) is opened exhaust valve, at the exhaust stroke rear, rocking bar (W2) lower convex platform, the spring pulling exhaust drag-line of exhaust valve makes rocking bar (W2) return to the neutral position; The working procedure and the exhaust stroke of suction stroke are similar, and difference is air-breathing drag-line (W5) action rather than exhaust drag-line (W4) action.

In lower convex platform, rocking bar can reset rapidly, this problem of bringing is that speed is not to be gradient to zero when causing valve closure, can cause the impact and the noise of valve and cylinder cap like this, ways of addressing this issue is to use tappet to replace rocking bar, tappet is done straight reciprocating motion rather than around the spot wobble that is fixedly hinged, in convex platform under the effect of lateral force, tappet can slight shift (such as about skew 2mm altogether), different direction is climbed up boss, the offset direction of tappet is also different, at both direction 1 hook is set respectively on the tappet, utilize this species diversity of the offset direction of tappet, can realize that a certain offset direction hook catches on the exhaust drag-line and in the opposite direction another hook catch on air-breathing drag-line, tappet distribution scheme that Here it is.

The shortcoming of boss guide rail scheme is to open exhaust valve in advance, and Piston Compression waste gas can cause power loss, and advantage is that mechanism is simple, and this scheme can be used when making model machine.

Six) three cam valve trains (accompanying drawing 6):

Mechanism forms: valve cam (T11), rocking arm (T12), spacing axle sleeve (T13), camshaft (T14), pitman arm shaft (T15), commutation cam (T21), commutation connecting rod (T22), bent axle (T23), connecting rod (T24), retarding spring (T31), brake rod (T32), brake pad (T33), position-limitting pin (T34), brake retracting spring (T35).

Annexation: valve cam (T11) and commutation cam (T21) all are fixed on the camshaft (T14); The limited axle sleeve of rocking arm (T12) (T13) is limited on the rocker arm shaft (T15); Rocking arm (T12) can and can not slide vertically around rocker arm shaft (T15) rotation; Commutation connecting rod (T22) end is hinged on the support other end by rack pinion band dynamic crankshaft (T23); Bent axle (T23) is by connecting rod (T24); Drive rocker arm shaft (T15) and do the axial reciprocating translation; Retarding spring (T31) is connected on the commutation connecting rod (T22); Brake bar (T32) is fixed on the main shaft of bent axle (T23); Brake pad (T33) middle part is hinged on the support; The two ends of brake retracting spring (T35) connect respectively the afterbody of two brake pads (T33); The head of two brake pads (T33) intersects to form the jaw shape, and position-limitting pin (34) is in the position, crossing of brake pad (T33) afterbody.

Working principle: the same with conventional engines, camshaft (T14) 1 week of rotation is an acting circulation, differently with conventional engines be, the camshaft of this motor is positive and negative two-way rotation, it when just changeing the laggard intake valve of first exhaust valve, if do not adjust, the opening sequence of valve was exactly first intake valve final vacuum door when then camshaft reversed, the result be the intake valve exhaust exhaust valve is air-breathing subsequently, want to allow this engine operation just need be implemented in thus and open intake valve after camshaft (T14) counter-rotating the time also will be opened exhaust valve earlier.

The left side is rear view in the accompanying drawing 6, the right side be three-dimensional view.

This distribution device has used 3 cams, such as the centre be intake cam, both sides be exhaust cam, two exhaust cams are identical in the radially direct of camshaft, three cams are in axially next-door neighbour's distribution, two pitman arm shafts (T15) of this distribution device are translations vertically simultaneously; pitman arm shaft (T15) moves axially the width of a cam; just can realize that the rocking arm that originally contacts with exhaust cam forwards the intake cam position to, and another original rocking arm that contacts with intake cam together with the time move on to the exhaust cam position.

Camshaft (T14) Rotation With Changing in realize that the translation of pitman arm shaft (T15) is the major function of this distribution device, realize this function mainly by the commutation cam (T21), commutation connecting rod (T22), bent axle (T23) and connecting rod (T24) are formed, commutation cam (T21) is made up of two shapes and the similar cam of valve cam, the phase angle, tip of two cams differs 60 °, 60 ° of angular bisector positions in figure directly over the time corresponding piston be in after the compression stroke top dead center constantly, two commutation cams (claiming first and second) contact with two commutation connecting rods (T22) (claiming A and B) respectively, the cam and the connecting rod that intersect, such as first cam and B connecting rod or second cam and A connecting rod, be independent of each other, and, stir in the whole process of A connecting rod at the first cam, the second cam can not contact the B connecting rod, and is same, during the second cam was stirred the B connecting rod, the first cam can not contact the A connecting rod yet.In the accompanying drawing 6, when camshaft (T14) when turning clockwise, in the compression stroke second half section, commutation cam (T21) is stirred the commutation connecting rod (T22) on the left side, otherwise when camshaft (T14) is rotated counterclockwise, in the compression stroke second half section, commutation cam (T21) can be stirred the commutation connecting rod (T22) on the right side, commutation connecting rod (T22) is at the stirring of commutation cam (T21) pendulum or put to the right down or left, about swing drive bent axle (T23) by gear rack and rotate, bent axle (T23) drivening rod (T24), connecting rod (T24) drives pitman arm shaft (T15) translation, and pitman arm shaft (T15) translation promptly can realize the switching of rocking arm (T12) on intake cam and exhaust cam.

When commutation cam (T21) is stirred commutation connecting rod (T22), if there is device to make commutation connecting rod (T22) be close to commutation cam (T21), the motion of commutation connecting rod (T22) is to quicken afterwards to slow down earlier, be not close to the device of commutation cam (T22) if keep commutation connecting rod (T22), commutation connecting rod (T22) after the acceleration can break away from commutation cam (T21), can rebound after meeting with obstruction, the problem of bringing like this is the uncertainty of position of collision impact and commutation connecting rod (T22), and the effect of the retarding spring in this distribution device (T31) connecting rod (T22) that keeps exactly commutating is close to commutation cam (T21).

Brake pad (T33) has individual boss in the head jaw position, under the effect of brake retracting spring (T35), the characteristic of brake pad (T33) is: brake rod (T32) rigidly connect touch brake pad (T33) in, resistance is less, resistance suddenly increases after crossing boss, brake rod (T32) can't fall back voluntarily and leave boss, only applies bigger power on brake rod (T32) brake rod (T32) is separated with brake pad (T33).

Describe the working procedure of retarding spring (T31) and brake pad (T33): (T14) clockwise rotates such as camshaft, crossing compression stroke, the commutation connecting rod (T22) that commutation cam (T21) is stirred the left side quickens afterwards to slow down earlier, the brake spring on the left side (T31) is compressed, decelerating phase, commutation connecting rod (T22) speed is kept to zero, be kept to the zero moment in speed, brake rod (T32) will be designed to just in time be braked brake lining (T33) and be stuck in jaw position, the cam (T21) that commutates afterwards separates with commutation connecting rod (T22), after the separation, because brake rod (T32) is stuck, retarding spring remains on confined state, and rocking arm (T12) also all keeps stable position.Afterwards, camshaft (T14) is reverse, be rotated counterclockwise, crossing compression stroke, commutation cam (T21) is stirred the commutation connecting rod (T22) on the right side, and the strength of commutation cam (T21) forces brake rod (T32) to separate with brake pad (T33), and the brake spring (T31) that is in the left side of compressive state begins to release energy, promote commutation connecting rod (T22) and swing to the right, the process of back and camshaft (T14) are similar when clockwise rotating.

Bent axle (T23) is done positive and negative rotation, and rotation amplitude is no more than half cycle, and connecting rod and main shaft can not interfered, and is the bent axle of standard so bent axle (T23) does not require, its main shaft can run through.

The back is relevant miscellaneous design: the design parameter of part:

Reel (31) radius R 1=20mm;

Main piston (11) stroke L1=π * R1=62.8mm;

Scavenging piston design factor Z2=0.92

If // calculating the amplification of rocking arm (43), R2 need be divided by power gain.

The radius R 2=of bent axle (41) (R1+ (pi/2) * R1)/2*Z2=23.9mm;

Scavenging piston stroke L2=2*R2=47.8mm;

Cam design factor Zt=0.5

Swing and tilt mechanism camming surface height difference=R2*Zt=12mm

Piston rod (12) two ends pilot hole distance=140mm;

The arm beam of steelyard (14) two ends pilot hole distance=160mm;

Head pulley (35) radius=fine motion pulley (36) radius=25mm;

Distance=the 416mm in the semicircle center of circle, cable wire (32) two ends;

One-strand rope diameter=1mm;

The total cross section under tension of cable wire amasss and needs＞=50 square millimeters;

Partial properties is calculated:

Scavenging piston does not have shirt rim and piston ring only needs 1 low elastic force, pot type piston generally has 3 piston rings, the number of supposing piston friction power and piston ring is directly proportional, low elastic force piston ring is half of pot type piston ring frictional force, and then the frictional loss of scavenging piston and cylinder wall can be accomplished about (the 1/3)/2=17% of pot type piston.Main piston has been walked one section useless stroke L1-L2=62.8-47.8=15mm more, frictional loss increases (L1-L2)/L2=31%, total friction is 17%+31%=48%, uses scavenging piston can reduce the gas exchange process nearly piston of half and the frictional loss of cylinder thus.

Power output:

The power of this motor output requirement can the output of regulated at will energy ratio, can select the mode of electric power output for use, perhaps other can regulate the stepless speed variator of energy export ratio arbitrarily.

Electronic control:

In order to keep the stable of compression ratio, this motor is higher to the governing response rate request of electronic throttle and power take-off mechanism, below control logic at be the type (the overinflation coefficient remains 1, and design compression ratio is 9) that the gasoline mixture electrical spark is lighted.Suppose this engine-driven be automobile.

1) starts, the electronic throttle aperture is made as minimum, air inlet is minimum, the positive and negative rotation of starting electrical machinery (speed is for falling zero i.e. commutation), the positive and negative concussion of flywheel, the starting electrical machinery energy is constantly imported, the maximum angular rate of flywheel increases gradually, air inlet can be compressed to about 9 (actual air compression ratios) if the energy of flywheel reaches, promptly the commencement of fuel injection point is fought and is stopped starting electrical machinery, starts to finish.

2) speed stabilizing, control system will keep the actual air compression ratio to be stabilized in 9, air inflow (throttle opening), the energy export ratio has determined the actual air compression ratio, because 1 unit compression ratio is 9 overinflation coefficient is the air that kinetic energy that 1 mixed gas produces when fuel efficiency is 30% approximately can compress 3 per unit volumes, though increased the air that will compress so increase throttle opening, but the energy that the air burning that increases produces is more than needed except also having with the energy of the air compression to 1/9 of volume, energy more than needed just can improve the compression ratio of compression stroke next time, can heighten compression ratio so increase throttle opening increase air inflow, otherwise reduce compression ratio; Reduce the energy export ratio and also can improve compression ratio, otherwise reduce compression ratio.

3) acceleration and deceleration, such as acceleration, receive assisted instruction after, increase throttle opening by a small margin, the actual air compression ratio is elevated to higher level, such as 10, compression ratio promptly improves the energy export ratio after improving by a small margin, and energy has been exported, compression ratio diminishes, near 9 levels, increase throttle opening at compression ratio again, repeat the process of front, satisfy the requirement of assisted instruction up to throttle opening, this is the closed-loop feed-back type regulating method.The each big more then accelerating process of amplitude that increases of top adjustment process throttle opening is fast more, how to accomplish not only to increase closure adjusting amplitude but also can keep the actual air compression ratio to remain on about 9, way is the learning ability that increases control system, through study, the quality that can rough calculation goes out automobile, then according to the different speed of a motor vehicle, the rate of change of the energy export ratio of calculating the speed of throttle opening increase and matching, allow the adjusting of throttle opening and the adjusting of energy export ratio carry out simultaneously, so just can improve the regulations speed of whole motor, this is the adjusted open loop method.Moderating process is the inverse process that quickens, and adjustment process is similar.

4) load variations, go up a slope or brake such as automobile, the speed of a motor vehicle is slack-off, load increases, under the constant situation of throttle opening and energy export ratio, produce power is constant, the output energy increases, and the remaining compressed-air actuated energy that is used for reduces, and the actual air compression ratio reduces, less than 9, in order to keep compression ratio stable, need reduce the energy export ratio and meet the demands to keep compression ratio, load variations speed is bigger in the time of brake, load variations speed when the speed that control system control energy export ratio reduces is greater than brake, otherwise can cause motor too small and flame-out because of compression ratio.The adjustment process that load reduces is similar.

Other incendiary types, directly spray compression ignite such as diesel oil, because air fuel ratio is not required, so, when acceleration and deceleration or load variations, can keep the stable of actual air compression ratio by independent change fuel injection quantity, because the governing speed of fuel injection quantity is better than the governing speed of electronic throttle, so that the stability of system can become is better; For the combustion manner of even matter mixed gas compression ignite (HCCI) type, its air fuel ratio influence burning timing, air fuel ratio also has higher requirements, so the adjustment process of HCCI incendiary type can be with reference to gasoline mixture electrical spark ignition combustion type.

Claims (6)

1. a four stroke engine is characterized in that: mainly be made up of main piston, scavenging piston, reel mechanism, crankshaft ﹠ connecting, flywheel, distribution device and electronic control part.

2. four stroke engine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: flywheel is to do similar simple harmonic motion but not one-way rotation.

3. four stroke engine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: air hole is opened at the main piston top, and the characteristics of motion of main piston is subjected to the control of reel mechanism, and each acting circulation main piston makes a round trip.

4. four stroke engine according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the connecting rod of scavenging piston passes from the air hole of main piston, the characteristics of motion of scavenging piston is subjected to the control of crankshaft ﹠ connecting, each acting of scavenging piston moves in circles twice, compression and expansion stroke scavenging piston and main piston are synchronized with the movement, and ventilation is finished in exhaust and the self-movement of suction stroke scavenging piston.

5. four stroke engine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: reel mechanism mainly is made up of reel and cable wire, and the sectional shape of reel is 8 fonts, and cable wire passes the middle part of 8 fonts, and main piston is connected with cable wire.

6. four stroke engine according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: crankshaft ﹠ connecting mainly is made up of crankshaft-and-connecting-rod, and bent axle is driven by the reel of reel mechanism, and connecting rod is connected with scavenging piston.

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