CN1017549B - Adjustable and movable boiler arch - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a chain grate suitable for industry or domestic use, or an adjustable movable boiler arch in a grate furnace having the similar principle. The adjustable movable boiler arch is a first stage or multi-stage movable arch device arranged on a rear arch, etc. of a boiler; the device comprises an adjusting opening on the rear arch and a movable arch door mechanism which is positioned on the adjusting opening, adjusts combustion conditions, such as the flame angle, the length, etc. through the switching size and controls the thermal radiation and the convection of the boiler. After the device is installed on the boiler, under the conditions that the coal category and the load are changed, the complete combustion can be achieved, the heating efficiency is improved by 5 to 10%; the coal can be saved by more than 6 to 13% by each boiler in each year; thus, the present invention has the advantages of energy saving, simple structure and convenient operation, and the labor intensity of workers is reduced.

Description

Adjustable and movable boiler arch

The present invention relates to the chimney arch of boiler, especially be suitable for the traveling-grate stoker of industry or life usefulness or adopt adjustable moving furnace arch in the grate furnace of close principle.

The chimney arch of boiler has heat radiation and the mobile guide effect of flame.It can make burner hearth keep higher temperature, and is beneficial to and lights the coal seam and impel flammable volatile matter to mix the purpose that reaches burning with air.But the adaptability of effect of combustion and it is shape and the structure with chimney arch confidential relation is arranged.

In the prior art, the chimney arch of boiler all is according to the coal class of using, just a kind of or two kinds of stationary boiler chimney arch that design block certain given shape of system and structure in close in nature coal.After in case chimney arch is built into, this boiler just can only use that designing institute limits that, two kinds of coals, if will burn other all kinds of coal, combustibility will control breakdown, for example can cause the difficulty of catching fire, the coal of fuel to burn or not thoroughly and wait imperfect combustion, q not to the utmost ₄, q ₃Value rolls up with unfavorable burning like that reduces the thermal efficiency of burning greatly, and not only influence is produced, and wastes fuel in a large number, promptly wastes energy.In addition, because chimney arch is built by coal the load basic fixed of boiler is got off.But in actual production, the load of boiler all is constantly to change, or even alternation, and fixing stove baking and the variation of load mismatch.For example, when in using, needing to reduce coal amount and air quantity, can follow the reduction of fire box temperature to make the fuel fire difficulty, cause that also imperfect combustion reduces the utilization rate of coal greatly, brings very big economic loss.The practical efficiency of the boiler fired coal that causes for above-mentioned reasons only is about 60 percent now according to statistics.Simultaneously, the variation of the fixed structure of chimney arch and coal and load is incompatible brings very big inconvenience for production and operation, and workman's work manipulation strength is big, works under hard conditions.

In view of above situation, but comprise that the countries in the world of China all have the coal various in style of boiler of feeding burning, it is difficult that thousands of boiler is desired to provide for a long time or obtain single required coal, and it is huge that the boiler of fixed chimney arch brings loss.With China is example, and now the Industrial Boiler owning amount is about 300,000, and a year coal consumption is more than 200,000,000 ten thousand tons, wherein adopt accounting for of fixing chimney arch pilot fuel total more than 60 percent, being caused damage by above-mentioned reason can reach more than 1,000,000 tons of raw coal.Can reduce the way of this loss according to present circumstances and have only the transformation of stopping production chimney arch, but also stop work, stop production because of playing the new chimney arch of block again, although it is so, the conversion of chimney arch also can't be caught up with the changeable financial resource and material resource huge waste that causes of coal.

Boiler maker then manufactures and designs the boiler of the specific coal burning of a large amount of adaptations of all kinds, causes bigger loss to country.

The object of the invention is to overcome the shortcoming of above-mentioned boiler arch, and provide a kind of improved chimney arch, characteristics are some activity of making in chimney arch, it can be in use according to the difference of coal and boiler load, at any time adjusted the needs that make the adaptation combustion conditions easily, the coal that reaches various kinds can both completing combustion.

The objective of the invention is to realize by following manner; One or more levels movable arch device of coordinating mutually with specific face arch or movable face arch is set on the rear arch of the industry of original band boiler vessel, chain grate furnace or siege, chimney arch or civil boiler matches with specific face arch or movable face arch, this device comprises that an adjusting mouth and that is opened in the arch on the rear arch is positioned to regulate mouthful to go up by it and opens and closes the movable arched door mechanism that adjustable size saves combustion conditions such as flame angle, length and controls boiler hot radiation and convection current.

In use, when coal variety improves, promptly be better than design coal or combustible volatile when higher, can be with movable arched door opening section or all, slow down flame down and the washing away of coal gate to preceding chimney arch, reduce temperature under the arch, prevent coking.

When coal variety degenerates, promptly be lower than design coal or volatile matter when low, movable arched door partly can be closed or Close All, strengthen flame to the washing away of new coal under the face arch, improve arch temperature down, impel new coal in time to catch fire.

And be in when moving under the high load capacity situation when boiler, also movable arched door partly or entirely can be opened, slow down flame down and the washing away of coal gate to preceding chimney arch, reduce arch temperature down, prevent coking and burn out coal gate.

And be in when moving under the underload situation when boiler, movable arched door partly can be closed or Close All, improve arch temperature down, and strengthen the washing away of new coal seam under the face arch impelled in time and caught fire.

The boiler of adjustable moving furnace arch of the present invention has been broken the changeless form of chimney arch behind domestic and international conventional chains fire grate and the layer stokehold, thereby has filled up the blank of domestic and international boiler structure and control combustion technology aspect.Such boiler can both reach completing combustion under the situation of change of coal and load, the thermal efficiency of boiler combustion is improved more than the 5-10%, corresponding every boiler every year on average can be saved coal more than 6～13%, the whole nation can be saved more than coal 400～5,000,000 ton in 100,000 boilers every year, not only having great economic benefit, also is that country saves a large amount of energy.The present invention also has simple in structure, easy to operate thereby can alleviate working strength of workers greatly.

Other features and advantages of the present invention obtain embodying in the description to various embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a splice type adjustable movable arch schematic representation of apparatus of the present invention;

Fig. 2 be the AA of Fig. 1 to view, the structure of expression activity arched door;

Fig. 3 is the front view of a movable arch brick in the movable arched door shown in Figure 2;

Fig. 4 is the side view of movable arch brick shown in Fig. 3;

Fig. 5 is the adjustable movable arch schematic representation of apparatus of band slidingtype of the present invention;

Fig. 6 be the BB of Fig. 5 to view, expression activity arched door is positioned at the structure on the arch of back;

Fig. 7 is the arch springing partial enlarged drawing of the part shown in the frame of broken lines B among Fig. 6;

Fig. 8 is the activity arch schematic representation of apparatus that band of the present invention rotates arched door;

Fig. 9 is that the CC of Fig. 8 is to view;

Figure 10 is the partial schematic diagram of the movable arched door shown in Fig. 8;

Figure 11 is the DD view of the movable arched door shown in Figure 10.

Referring to Fig. 1 to Fig. 4, in first embodiment of the present invention, Industrial Boiler is made up of boiler vessel (7), traveling-grate stoker or siege 8, front and back chimney arch 15,18, firebreak 14, feed hopper 9 and coal lock 10 etc., said movable arch device comprises the adjusting mouth 17 of the arch of offering on one or more levels rear arch, for for the purpose of the convenience of narrating we the rear arch of two sides about regulating mouthful be divided into respectively be called before an arch 12 and back 13, one of an arch be placed in movable arched door mechanism 16 on this adjustings mouth 17.Comprise the movable arch brick 19 of 2-100 piece according to the described movable arched door of the capacity of boiler mechanism, preferably the movable arch brick of 5-20 piece.The every T shape brick that movable arch brick 19 profiles are top band arc surface 20, its arch brick cross section is ampuliform, and its bottleneck 21 is provided with the clamping hole 22 that passes, and the bottom is the flange portion and the wedge block of T shape brick; The intilted gradually from top to bottom lozenges 25 of wedge block.The said mouth 17 of regulating can prop up arch 13 tops formation " Z " shape holder mouth behind preceding relative arch 12, also can not establish the holder mouth, like this, said movable arch brick can be by flange 23 carriages in the shape holder of a preceding arch 12 and a back arch 13 mouthful or directly be shelved on the end face of forward and backward arch.General activity arch brick 19 carriages or abut one another arrangement along laterally (width) when shelving form movable the covering to traveling-grate stoker.So, can need shed by clamping hole 22 or pack into wherein one, several piece activity arch brick with iron hook according to the variation of coal and boiler load, encircle the area coverage of 16 pairs of fire grates of mechanism to change activity, thereby promptly open and close the completing combustion that size reaches coal under different coals and the boiler load.

The shape of arch brick 19 can be various, can be when specifically implementing according to the size of boiler, and chimney arch requires degree as preceding arch 12 shape and angle, furnace width and easy to operate etc., is designed to the movable arch brick of other all size.In addition, according to what regulate that needs can be along rear arch 18 movable arched door device more than one or two or combined with other two embodiments described below is set vertically.A front and back arch 12,13 can form by the refractory material sintering is prefabricated, also can build by laying bricks or stones with refractory brick at the scene or build according to model with other refractory material.The arch brick 19 of movable arched door is prefabricated by the refractory material sintering.The arch brick refractoriness (SK) of forward and backward support 12,13 and movable arched door requires more than 26, and require that melting loss is little, distortion is little, manufactured goods should keep certain fineness, the most handy grog refractory is made in the high-temperature region.In addition, consider easy for installationly, when prefabricated forward and backward the arch 12,13 of design sintering and movable arch were used brick, its width should be able to guarantee that it can free in and out at fire door or other import.The part that each brick of movable arched door contacts with forward and backward arch holding face must be coincide and be contacted tightly.Joint can be coated with a small amount of dried fire clay and spread therebetween, with filling chink.Should leave certain expansion space when movable arch brick and forward and backward arch assembling.

Referring to Fig. 5～7, the adjusting mouth 30 of movable arch device is a horizontal cut on the rear arch 18 in second embodiment of the present invention, the said dodge gate of an arch and a back arch 31,32 mechanism 34 comprises that two chutes 35 and that are fixedly mounted in boiler pillar 38 or other texture edge respectively are placed on rear arch 18 tops overlappingly before regulating mouthful 30 front and rear parts with rear arch as mentioned above and being divided into, and arch springing 37 of two sides stretches into the chute and the movable arched door 36 of rear arch end face slip relatively about it.Like this, when the side arch springing 37 of movable arched door 36 when chute 35 slide rearwardly to the extreme end of regulating mouthful rear side, regulate and mouthful all open, reach and do not cover traveling-grate stoker fully.And when arched door 36 to front slide, regulate mouthfuls 30 from large to small, intersect or intersect when overlapping up to the limit end of regulating mouthful front end with the part of preceding arch 31, regulate mouthful 30 Close Alls, just movable arched door 36 all covers traveling-grate stokers.

Described arch springing 37 is coated by middle Silel cast iron, chute 35 is also cast by middle Silel cast iron, chute also can be fixed on other structure that does not hinder boiler safety as header 41 etc., described movable arched door 36 forms by the high strength refractory material sintering is prefabricated, it can be according to the boiler size, furnace width, radian size regulate to need and degree easy to assembly, design monoblock or are combined by polylith.

The movable arched door 36 of present embodiment requires to have higher intensity; Refractory arch (SK) requires more than 26, and deformation requires as far as possible little as is arranged on high-temperature region work, and the most handy grog material is made.The width of movable arched door 36, the design of thickness can pass in and out at fire door or other places in the time of just guaranteeing to change or install.Arched door 36 should be obturaged the gap with fire clay at the above-mentioned backing device place of overlapping after regulating the location that finishes.Each arched door 36 can not design widely, in order to avoid be difficult to slide, can adopt multipole arched door when burner hearth is longer.Arch springing 37 should leave the gap between left and right with chute 35, after arched door 36 fixes, uses fire clay this gap is filled out, in case arched door 36 fractures.The dead band of chute 35 is used refractory brick and is covered, and anti-its burnt out, and is the anti-scorch layer 39 of arch springing under the chute.

The remarkable advantage of present embodiment is that movable arched door 36 covers tight, and can directly slide into as on preceding of a fixed arch arch 31 or the back arch 32, and slidably arrive between preceding arch 31 and the face arch 15, need not resemble among first embodiment special builds forward and backward of formation by laying bricks or stones and encircles 12,13.For long burner hearth, when anthracite-fired boiler uses bituminous coal, can be the activity arch device that the rear arch rear positions can be provided with the above present embodiment of one-level particularly at burner hearth, the activity arch device of first embodiment of one-level forwardly is set, be more conducive to like this regulate.The weak point of present embodiment for first embodiment is to regulate and changes must carry out when boiler pressuring fire or carry out during of short duration blowing out.

In the 3rd embodiment, see Fig. 8 to 11, described movable arch device comprises that one regulates mouth 50, domatic or the gradient of two side bands just has domatic and the gradient on a back arch 53 and preceding arch 52 opposite faces before and after it, and one is positioned at supporting base 62 1 near boiler setting is placed on the supporting base 62 and the controllable adjustable mouth opens and closes and the rotating arched door mechanism 51 of size and a handwheel (not shown).51 in this arched door mechanism is had with intermediate hollow arch bar 55 splicings of the parallelogram style in the corresponding hole of fork of the hollow fork of two side arch bars and is constituted by the hollow arch bar 54 of two actives with hollow fork 61 of two sides and middle one.And intermediate hollow arch bar 55 is made by refractory material, and respectively inserts a narrow meshed cooling tube 58 on wall in its hole.Main hollow arch bar 54 is by refractory material and hollow fork 56 prefabricated the forming of trident in the middle of being embedded in the present embodiment.The board of its refractory material axially is a stairstepping along hollow fork, and its hollow fork then some bar and furcula goes out outside the board.The hollow arch bar 54 of said active is the same with the adjacent part of intermediate hollow arch bar 55, its longitudinal section all is that parallelogram is so that after the adjusting mouth of arch is shut, the parallel surface of its two side can with domatic the matching of regulating mouthfuls 50, the closing face of closing freely promptly is provided, outstanding hollow 56 fork in the middle of splicing for inserting in the cooling tube 58 in the intermediate hollow arch bar more closely and supporting to the hollow arch bar 55 in centre being provided.Initiatively hollow arch bar 54 middle parts are columniform axle journal 60, and it is suitable for being placed in the opening degree that cooperates in the hole slot of supporting base 62 and with the activity of hole slot formation with the movable arched door 51 that supports, and end passes furnace wall, and the rotation handwheel is installed on the furnace wall external hollow fork arm.

In order to impel arched door that combustion process is had good regulating action, must be smoothly bright and clean except domatic on a preceding arch and a back arch with close flexible, tightly join with rear arch adjusting mouth is domatic in order to make in the arched door adjusting, two inclination angles that must make about 80 ° of arched door, and the needs that arched door expands when preferably leaving gap, 1～2mm left and right sides with the assurance boiler combustion between them, and can reduce because of frictionally damage domatic, also need make arched door regulate mouth in sealing, when promptly closing, the last plane of its arch bar with in, the last plane of rear arch flushes, in addition, the diameter of bore of intermediate hollow arch bar is greater than cooling tube diameter mouth 2 millimeter.The internal diameter of the bar portion of hollow fork is bigger 0.1～2 millimeter than breeches pipe internal diameter, hollow pipe fork 2 can be used as arch bar cold wind and introduces the hole, cold wind can be introduced by the bar portion of fork, the aperture that passes cooling tube is along the gap between the cooling tube on the intermediate hollow arch bar and enter burner hearth from the gap of active arch bar and middle arch bar assembly portion and can play the effect of cooling arch bar, also helps the burning of boiler fired coal.

The bar portion of hollow fork should add the sleeve pipe (not shown) when passing furnace wall, and it is tight that its peripheral clearance is used the asbestos cord embedding, prevents to leak out.The cooling tube 58 of hollow arch bar 51 should adopt cast iron pipe, and hollow fork 61 and cooling tube can be used cast iron pipe, also available steel pipe.The thickness of arch bar 54,55 should also should be looked furnace width and suitably thicken greater than 150mm, or strengthens hollow diameter and cooling tube diameter.Should point out that the arrangements of cooling tube 58 is not limited in the concrete mode that this example is given in the hollow arch bar 55, maybe can strengthen its intensity and can reach cooling simultaneously requiring as long as can not reduce the intensity of arch bar 51.For the different combustion conditions of fine adaptation.Rear arch can be provided with the activity arch device of the above the present embodiment of one-level, and the activity arch device with first and second embodiments also can be set on rear arch.

The remarkable advantage of the 3rd embodiment is simple to operate, and is easy to adjust, and the people need not enter burner hearth and can regulate, thereby does not hinder ordinary production.

Various embodiments of the present invention are applicable to the various grate furnaces that arch structure is set, and are fit to the various steam coals of burning.Seeing Table 1 is to record each data (wherein also not comprising meager coal) in the actual use.

When ature of coal changes, when the combustible volatile increase and decrease influences the fuel ignition point position, can pass through, regulate flame angle, length and stroke route, adjust the needs that radiation and convection heat are ignited to new coal seam, promote active combustion, reduce incomplete combustion loss.Can find out that from table 1 boiler of the present invention can adapt to all kinds of bituminous coal, meager coal and anthracite, its efficient can improve 5% to 13%, unburned carbon loss q ₄, q ₃Can reduce 3-14% and 1～2% respectively.

When the load minimizing, fire box temperature reduces, and when influencing fuel fire and normal combustion, also adjustable flame angle, length are controlled radiation and convection heat, impel new coal seam in time to catch fire, and promote active combustion, reduce incomplete combustion loss.

Present embodiment improves grate burning rate by regulating the combustion space, keeps high-temp combustion and regulates the wash away distance of flame to new coal seam, and the stoker does not put a chimney on the stove and make the fire draw or seldom puts a chimney on the stove and make the fire draw, and can impel fuel in time to catch fire to make completing combustion.The not even blowing out that can stop production less is as long as utilize combustion interval just to can be adjusted to required combustion conditions requirement.

In a word, the remarkable advantage of present embodiment is easy to adjust, and has taked to prevent the various measures that burn out.It is also convenient to change, and does not need baker, does not influence production.It should be noted that although be example with automatic traveling-grate stoker all in the described embodiment of this specification, this does not also mean that the present invention only is applicable to Automatic grate, in fact the present invention is applicable to the grate furnace that adopts with the close principle of traveling-grate stoker.Present embodiment generally adopts single-stage to be arranged in from fire door more nearby, so that regulate, changes.As more than the need designs secondary and in addition what when fire door is far away, from fire door far away adopt described the third embodiment.

Reference number identical in the above accompanying drawing is represented identical or similar parts.

Must point out that preferably the scope of protection of present invention should be as the criterion with claim, embodiment does not constitute the qualification to claims.

Table 1 KZL4-13A III boiler adopts fixed chimney arch and moving furnace arch to boiler thermal output and q when using different coal ₄, q ₃The situation that influences:

The bituminous coal anthracite

Coal I class II class III class I class II class III class

Heat is imitated fixed arch＜55 65 70＜50＜50＜50

The movable arch 68 72 75＞60＞60＞60 of efficient %

q ₄Decrease fixed arch 30 20 15＞35＞35＞35

Lose the movable arch 17 14 12＜20＜20＜20 of %

q ₃Decrease fixed arch 453 4～5 4～5 4～5

Lose the movable arch 332333 of %

Claims (16)

1, a kind of adjustable moving furnace arch of boiler, comprise its traveling-grate stoker or siege, face arch (15), rear arch (18), it is characterized in that on above-mentioned rear arch, being provided with one or more levels movable arch device of coordinating mutually with specific face arch or movable face arch, this device comprises that an adjusting mouth (17) and that is opened in the arch on the rear arch is positioned on the adjusting mouth, opens and closes the movable arched door mechanism (16) of adjustable size joint flame angle, length and radiation of control boiler hot and convection current by it.

2, moving furnace arch according to claim 1, it is characterized in that propping up before said face arch and rear arch comprise respectively an arch (12) and a back arch (13), described adjusting mouthful forms " Z " shape holder mouthful or does not establish and hold in the palm mouth on relative preceding arch (12) and arch (13) top, back, said movable arched door mechanism (16) comprises the movable arch brick (19) of 2-100 piece, the every T shape brick 1 that movable arch brick profile is a top band arc surface, its cross section is an ampuliform, bottleneck is provided with the clamping hole that penetrates, T shape brick has flange portion, the wedge block and the lozenges (25) that slopes inwardly, movable arch brick can be by flange (23) carriage before " Z " shape holder mouth of a preceding arch and a back arch be gone up or directly is shelved on, on the end face of a back arch, and broad ways abuts one another arrangement.

3, moving furnace arch according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that said movable arched door mechanism is preferably the movable arch brick (19) of 5-20 piece.

4, moving furnace arch according to claim 3, it is characterized in that said before an arch (12) and a back arch (13) build by refractory brick, refractory material and make or sintering forms.

5,, it is characterized in that movable arched door device can be located at the vertical or horizontal of rear arch according to claim 1 or 4 described moving furnace arch.

6, moving furnace arch according to claim 1 is characterized in that movable arched door is made of refractory brick, and refractoriness requires at 26(SK) more than.

7, moving furnace arch according to claim 1, it is characterized in that said regulate mouthful (17) are the horizontal cut on the rear arch, said movable arched door mechanism (16) is included in and is fixedly mounted on boiler pillar (38) or other structural chute (35) and one respectively and is installed in two side arch springings (37), about it overlappingly on rear arch (18) the top on and holds and stretch into the movable arched door (36) that chute (35) also can relative rear arch end face slip.

8, moving furnace arch according to claim 7 is characterized in that arch springing (37) is coated by middle Silel cast iron, and chute is also made by middle Silel cast iron.

9, moving furnace arch according to claim 8 is characterized in that, movable arched door (36) forms by high strength refractory material is prefabricated.

10, moving furnace arch according to claim 9, the refractoriness of refractory material that it is characterized in that movable arched door (36) is more than 26.

11, according to claim 6 or 10 described moving furnace arch, it is characterized in that the rear portion of rear arch can be provided with the activity arch device of being made up of with upper hopper chute and movable arched door (36) one-level, also can the activity arch device that one-level is made up of movable arch brick (19) be set the front portion.

12, moving furnace arch according to claim 1, it is characterized in that said movable arched door device also has a supporting base (62) that is positioned near boiler setting, one is placed on the supporting base and switching of controllable adjustable mouth and big or small rotating arched door mechanism (51) and handwheel, this mechanism then has with intermediate hollow arch bar (55) splicing in the corresponding hole of fork of the hollow fork of two sides and is constituted with the hollow arch bar of active (54) of hollow fork (61) and middle one by two of two sides, respectively insert a narrow meshed cooling tube (58) on wall in the hole of said intermediate hollow arch bar (55), initiatively hollow arch bar (54) is by refractory material and prefabricated the forming of the hollow fork of three fork-shapeds (56) in the middle of being embedded in, the board of its refractory material axially is stairstepping along hollow fork, its hollow fork then some bar and furcula goes out outside the board, initiatively hollow arch bar (54) is the same with the adjacency section of intermediate hollow arch bar (55), its longitudinal section all is parallelogram, its two side and domatic the matching of regulating mouth when closing, the fork of outstanding hollow fork (56) is more closely inserted in the cooling tube (58) of intermediate hollow arch bar in the middle of splicing, initiatively the cylindrical axle journal of part is placed in the hole slot of supporting base (62) and provides movable and cooperates in the hollow arch bar (54), and initiatively hollow arch bar end places and passes to install on the outer hollow fork arm of furnace wall and rotates handwheel.

13, moving furnace arch according to claim 12 is characterized in that hollow arch bar of said active with hollow fork (54) and intermediate hollow arch bar (55) are formed by the refractory material sintering respectively.

14, moving furnace arch according to claim 13 it is characterized in that said hollow fork arm portion and fork are interconnected, and hollow fork internal diameter is bigger 0.1～2 millimeter than breeches pipe internal diameter.

15, moving furnace arch according to claim 14, it is characterized in that said for tightly joining with the adjusting mouth of rear arch is domatic in the adjusting that makes movable arched door, two at arched door is made inclination angle, 80 ° of left and right sides, preferably leaves the gap of 1-2 millimeter between arched door and adjusting mouth are domatic.

16, according to claim 11 or 12 or 14 described moving furnace arch, it is characterized in that band is set encircles the moving furnace arch device that mechanism forms can being provided with on the rear arch more than the one-level by the surge moving activity of encircleing mechanism and chute and movable arched door (36) of movable arch brick (19) by rotating the activity arch device that arched door mechanism (51) forms, also can on rear arch, mixing.

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