CN101741072B - Method for fault component-based wide area backup protection - Google Patents
Method for fault component-based wide area backup protection Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for fault component-based wide area backup protection, which belongs to the field of relay protection for electric power systems. The method comprises the following steps of: when a power network is in normal operation, dividing protection associated domains according to a topology structure and the PMU configuration of a network; updating the protection associated domains in real time by adopting a heuristic search technique according to switch transposition information; when a fault happens, extracting fault stable-state components of current and voltage, and defining fault associated domains according to the fault stable-state component of differential current in each associated domain; and calculating fault associated factors in the associated domain in real time to determine fault branches. The method can accurately position the faults under a condition with PMU limited measuring points, is not influenced by the system operation mode, avoids the condition that the conventional backup protection can have mismatching or insufficient sensitivity very easily, is not influenced by load current, and has very high reliability.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of relay protection in power, relate in particular to wide area backup protection method based on fault component.
Background technology
Along with the quick growth of Electricity Demand, " transferring electricity from the west to the east, north and south supplies mutually, national network " implementation, China is forming the national interconnected big electrical network of contact a little less than in the of.By the end of the year 2009, China's grid generation installed capacity has broken through 8.5 hundred million kilowatts, occupies the second place of the world, and in the annual growth that the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period will keep 10.5%; According to electric power development planning, to the year two thousand twenty, China's electrical network will become installed capacity and surpass 1,600,000,000 kilowatts, and the transferring electricity from the west to the east capacity surpasses 1.5 hundred million kilowatts ultra-large national interconnected network.Complexity on the electric network composition is big with the difficulty of operation control worldwide also to be rare.And, being accompanied by the market-oriented process of China's power industry, the Power Exchange between each interconnected network will be more and more frequent, and transmission line also works in the stability limit edge day by day.In this case, how to guarantee that the complicated safe operation of electrical network greatly is a very challenging problem.
Relaying protection is the first line of defence that ensures big power grid security.Electric power system fault is inevitable, if protective device is correct, quick, action message, with effective suppression system state deteriorating, plays the effect that ensures the power grid security reliability service; Otherwise, possibly will speed up the system crash process, cause large tracts of land, have a power failure for a long time.The task of relaying protection is the fault and the irregular operating state of reflection protected element.The information of protection installation place is only reacted in backup protection in the existing electrical network, receives the influence of power network topology annexation and operational mode.For guaranteeing its reliability, have to be configured and adjust according to the harshest situation; For guaranteeing its selectivity, have to sacrifice the rapidity and the sensitivity of backup protection.Because electric network composition is increasingly sophisticated, just cause simultaneously:
1) the backup protection matching relationship is complicated, and operate time is long.Might be discontented with the desired critical clearing time of pedal system stability when serious, and then become the potential safety hazard of big electrical network;
2) backup protection configuration is big with the difficulty of adjusting, and variation that can not the tracking system operational mode, even mismatch or under-sensitive situation possibly occur protecting;
3) backup protection can not be distinguished the trend transfer that causes behind internal fault and the failure removal, and this might cause the backup protection cascading trip under the heavy load situation.
In the accident of having a power failure on a large scale,, objectively but accelerated the phenomenon of system crash although the electric power system backup protection just occurred according to the design principle correct operation.Therefore, the backup protection system research of consideration electrical network global information is extremely urgent.
In recent years, people have carried out Primary Study to the method for wide area protection.The method of wide area protection mainly comprises at present:
1) collects the judged result of a plurality of distance protection elements in the electrical network, the wide area backup protection algorithm of dependence expert system centralized decision-making; From time-delay under reach, reduce aspect such as failure removal scope and improve backup protection systematic function (Tan J.C; Crossley P.A, Kirschen D, et al.IEEE Trans.on PowerDelivery; 2000,15 (2): 508-514).
2) wide area current differential protection: the protection range of differential protection is expanded to this element adjacent areas from an element; Thereby accomplish function (the Serizawa Y of main protection and backup protection; Myoijin M, Kitamura K, et al.IEEE Trans.on Power Delivery; 1998,13 (4): 1046-1052; Cong Wei, Pan Zhencun, Zhao Jianguo, etc. electric power network technique, 2006,30 (5): 91-95; Su Sheng, K.K.Li, W.L.Chan, etc. electric power network technique, 2005,29 (3): 55-58).
3) wide area direction pilot protection: concentrate the fault direction information of a plurality of direction components indications confirm fault element (Yang Zengli, stone Dongyuan County, Duan Xianzhong. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2008,8 (22): 87-93).
For a long time, because the difficulty of fault component method for distilling makes fault component can only be used for the main protection of instantaneous operation, and can not be as the backup protection of band time-delay.Yet; The fault steady-state component has advantages such as not reacting load current and load voltage; The advantage that has simultaneously negative phase-sequences such as protecting three-phase shortcircuit and zero-sequence component not to possess again is if can be applied to backup protection, with sensitivity that greatly improves backup protection and reliability.The appearance of WAMS, making the fault steady-state component be applied to backup protection becomes possibility.The method that at present the fault steady-state component is applied to backup protection is not also appeared in the newspapers and is led.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is the problem that exists to the present electric power system backup protection described in the background technology, proposed wide area backup protection method based on fault component.
It is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
Step 1:, divide the protection associated domain according to the configuring condition of topology of networks and PMU;
Step 2: when electrical network generation normal switch displacement incident, adopt heuristic search technique fast updating protection associated domain;
Step 3: after breaking down, extract the fault steady-state component of voltage and current, define the fault associated domain according to the fault steady-state component of differential current in each associated domain;
Step 4:, confirm fault branch according to the fault association factor for the broad sense associated domain.
The configuration of PMU in the said step 1: choosing of PMU measuring point need be satisfied ornamental and the economy of electric power system to the fault steady-state component, the rule as follows:
1) node that has disposed PMU, its voltage and be connected to the electric current of every branch road of this node can both be measured.
2) do not have k bar branch road to link to each other if certain has the node of injection, wherein k-1 bar branch current is known, and then k bar branch current can be by virtual measurement.
3) adjacent if n has the node of injection and certain not have the meshed network of injection, and should nothings inject meshed network and do not form loop, then only need to have and dispose PMU on the node of injection can to satisfy nothing injection meshed network considerable at n; Do not formed loop if do not have to inject some node of meshed network, the nothing that then the outlet number is maximum in loop is injected and is installed PMU on the node additional can to satisfy this network considerable.
Said protection associated domain is divided into narrow sense associated domain and broad sense associated domain.According to the configuring condition of topology of networks and PMU, the partiting step of protection associated domain is following:
Step 1-1: the node of PMU is not disposed in search, forms incidence matrices, on this basis, analyzes the connectedness of these nodes, for the node that is communicated with, is the node (hereinafter to be referred as generalized node) that a broad sense does not dispose PMU with its equivalence;
Step 1-2: by the node of configuration PMU preceding, the node that does not dispose PMU after order form the node incidence matrices A of network.
Wherein: A
11Be the incidence matrices between the node of configuration PMU, A
22Be the incidence matrices between the node (comprising generalized node) that does not dispose PMU, A
12For the node of configuration PMU with do not dispose the incidence matrices between the node of PMU.
Step 1-3: according to incidence matrices A
11, be a protection associated domain with any two adjacent node division in the node of configuration PMU, as the narrow sense associated domain.
Step 1-4: according to incidence matrices A
12, the node that does not dispose PMU (comprising generalized node) is extended out to the adjacent node that disposes PMU, and the node area surrounded that will dispose PMU is divided into a protection associated domain, as the broad sense associated domain.
Adopt heuristic search to accomplish the fast updating of associated domain in the said step 2, comprise following situation:
If " closing " incident takes place a switch, the more new situation of protection associated domain is following:
1) if close bit switch two ends node i, j has all disposed PMU, then these two nodes will form a new associated domain;
2) if node i does not dispose PMU, node j has disposed PMU, and switch closes a front nodal point i, j belongs to same associated domain, and then associated domain is constant; Otherwise, with the associated domain under the node j adding node i;
3) all do not dispose PMU as if node i, j, and switch closes a preceding i, j belongs to same associated domain, then associated domain is constant; If switch closes a preceding i, j belongs to different associated domains, then two associated domains under node i, the j are merged;
If " opening " incident takes place two switches, the more new situation of protection associated domain is following:
1) all disposes PMU as if switch ends node i, j, then after switch breaks off, the associated domain that node i, j constitute is deleted;
2) if node i does not dispose PMU, node j has disposed PMU, and node j only links to each other with generalized node under node i or the node i through branch road, then after the switch disconnection, with deleting in the associated domain of node j under node i, the j; If node j links to each other with generalized node under node i or the node i through many branch roads, then associated domain is constant;
3) all do not dispose PMU as if node i, j, and after the switch disconnection, two affiliated associated domains of node form two zones, then delete this associated domain, more the new node incidence matrices rebulids node i, j associated domain separately; After if switch breaks off, two affiliated associated domains of node still are communicated with, and then associated domain is constant.
Fault steady-state current and voltage subtraction method are in the said step 3:
All use the node injection current to represent in generator and load current, the malfunction network can be regarded linear network (not nonlinear device such as power electronics in the meter systems) as.By principle of stacking, the malfunction network can be made up of unfaulty conditions network, fault transient network and fault stable state network.Wherein malfunction is meant the residing virtual condition of the system that breaks down; Unfaulty conditions is meant that the residing virtual condition of preceding system takes place fault; Fault transient is that the transient state transient process that the back is caused by the variation of node injection current takes place fault, and the fault stable state is the state that the fault point additional supply causes.Branch current vector in the fault stable state network
Extraction algorithm be:
The node voltage vector
Extraction algorithm is:
Wherein
Be branch current measured value vector after the fault, Y
BBe branch admittance matrix, A
aBe node-branch road incidence matrices, Y is a node admittance matrix,
Be the node injection current vector variable quantity before the fault,
Be the variable quantity of fault posterior nodal point injection current vector,
It is fault posterior nodal point voltage measuring value vector.
After wide area backup protection starts; Calculate differential current fault steady-state component
in each protection associated domain; If
of certain protection associated domain judges that then this associated domain is the fault associated domain.Wherein, ε causes the threshold value of error for the node injection current.
Confirm fault branch in the said step 4, comprising:
1. narrow sense associated domain
Belong to the situation of narrow sense associated domain for the fault associated domain, define the fault associated domain and be equivalent to directly confirm fault branch.
2. broad sense associated domain
Belong to the situation of broad sense associated domain for the fault associated domain, need confirm concrete fault branch by the fault association factor.
Broad sense associated domain fault stable state network diagram shown in Figure 1 possibly exist not have and inject node through many branch roads and the situation that the node of configuration PMU links to each other, and links to each other with 2 nodes with 1 respectively through two branch roads like node N+1.In this case, if will confirm concrete fault branch, it is corresponding one by one with H bar branch road to satisfy M nothing injection node.The method that for this reason adopts node to expand does not have the injection node with M and expands to H nothing injection node: the topological structure between the original nothing injection node remains unchanged, and newly-increased node only links to each other with ancestor node through a virtual no resistance branch road.Fig. 2 is the broad sense associated domain after expanding.
Regard branch current as the injection of not having the injection meshed network, compute vector
Wherein: Z
ABe not have the nodal impedance matrix that injects meshed network, Z
GBe to connect configuration PMU node and do not have the branch impedance matrix that injects meshed network;
(i=1 ... H), be branch current fault steady-state component;
(i=1 ... H), be the voltage failure steady-state component of configuration PMU node; Z
AiBe Z
AThe i column element form diagonal matrix.
The order vector
Wherein
J=1 ... H; z
N+i, N+iBe Z
AThe i of matrix main diagonal element; z
iIt is the impedance of branch road i.Calculate the fault association factor of every branch road then
For branch road i, if its fault association factor satisfies condition | C
i|＜η, then i is a fault branch; Otherwise i is the fault-free branch road.
If H bar branch road does not all satisfy fault condition; Then fault branch is not in having the meshed network of injection: at first utilize node 1 ... The voltage of H is calculated the node N+1 that is attached thereto with corresponding branch current ... The voltage of N+H and branch current; Again carry out said process then, until definite fault branch.
In theory, threshold value η should be 0.Consider the influence of factors such as actual electric network parameter error, measure error and the error of calculation, and combine a large amount of simulation results, it is adjusted is 5.
This method can be under the situation of the limited measuring point of PMU, accurate fault location; Do not receive the influence of system operation mode, mismate or the under-sensitive situation of having avoided traditional backup protection very easily to occur; Do not receive the influence of load current, very high reliability is arranged.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1: broad sense associated domain sketch map in the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2: broad sense associated domain node expansion sketch map in the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 3: New England's 10 machines 39 node system sketch mapes in the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 4: the differential current fault steady-state component of different associated domains is relatively during single-phase short circuit in the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 5: the differential current fault steady-state component of different associated domains is relatively during three-phase shortcircuit in the embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, preferred embodiment is elaborated.Should be emphasized that following explanation only is exemplary, rather than in order to limit scope of the present invention and application thereof.
Fig. 3 is New England's 10 machines, 39 node system structural representations.Adopt the PMU configuring condition of the inventive method as shown in table 1.The associated domain results is shown in table 2 and table 3.
Table 1PMU configuring condition
The results of table 2 narrow sense associated domain
The results of table 3 broad sense associated domain
After the division of accomplishing the protection associated domain, when electrical network generation normal switch displacement incident, it is following that associated domain upgrades the result.
If " closing " incident takes place in switch:
(1) if node 4,15 is communicated with, then increases an associated domain 4-15.
(2) if node 3,1 is communicated with, then associated domain is constant; If node 4,9 is communicated with, node 4 is added associated domain 19, it is 8,39,4 that the associated domain 19 after the renewal comprises the node that disposes PMU, the node that does not dispose PMU is a node 9.
(3) if node 1,9 is communicated with, associated domain 19 is merged in the associated domain 17, form new associated domain; Former associated domain 19 deletions, it is 3,25,30,39,8 that the associated domain 17 of renewal comprises the node that disposes PMU, the node that does not dispose PMU is 1,2,9.
If " opening " incident takes place in switch:
(1) if branch road 3-4 breaks off, then deletes associated domain 1.
(2) if branch road 4-5 breaks off, then associated domain is constant; If branch road 8-5 breaks off, node 8 is deleted from associated domain 18.
(3) if branch road 6-11 breaks off, associated domain 18 is comprised the node that does not dispose PMU carry out the reachability matrix analysis again.Still belong to same generalized node through decision node 6 and node 11, the node that does not dispose PMU that promptly associated domain 18 comprises still belongs to same generalized node.Then the node that comprises of associated domain 18 is constant.
When 1. branch road broke down on (16-19), each associated domain differential current fault steady-state component was more respectively like Fig. 4 and shown in Figure 5.The differential current fault steady-state component of different associated domains compared when Fig. 4 was single-phase short circuit, and the differential current fault steady-state component of different associated domains relatively when Fig. 5 was three-phase shortcircuit.The fault stable state differential current of fault associated domain is far longer than the differential current of other associated domain, can define the fault associated domain thus.
When 1. all kinds fault took place branch road, fault association factor result 1., 2. and 3. was as shown in table 4 for branch road.
Table 4 branch road fault association factor 1., 2. and 3.
By table 4, for the fault of any kind, branch road fault association factor C1 1. is in the protection setting range; And branch road 2. and fault association factor C2 3. and C3 all outside the protection setting range, can judge that 1. branch road breaks down.
The above; Be merely the preferable embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, the technical staff who is familiar with the present technique field is in the technical scope that the present invention discloses; The variation that can expect easily or replacement all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with the protection range of claim.
Claims (3)
1. based on the wide area backup protection method of fault component, it is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
Step 1:, install PMU in all having on the node of injection according to the configuring condition of topology of networks and PMU; If exist and do not have the loop that injects meshed network; The nothing that then the outlet number is maximum in this loop is injected on the node and is installed PMU; The node of adjacent configuration PMU constitutes the narrow sense associated domain, does not dispose the node of PMU and the node of the configuration PMU that is adjacent constitutes the broad sense associated domain;
Step 2: when electrical network generation normal switch displacement incident, adopt heuristic search technique fast updating protection associated domain;
The fast updating of associated domain is accomplished in said employing heuristic search, comprises following situation:
If " closing " incident takes place a switch, the more new situation of protection associated domain is following:
1) if close bit switch two ends node i, j has all disposed PMU, then these two nodes will form a new associated domain;
2) if node i does not dispose PMU, node j has disposed PMU, and switch closes a front nodal point i, j belongs to same associated domain, and then associated domain is constant; Otherwise, with the associated domain under the node j adding node i;
3) all do not dispose PMU as if node i, j, and switch closes a preceding i, j belongs to same associated domain, then associated domain is constant; If switch closes a preceding i, j belongs to different associated domains, then two associated domains under node i, the j are merged;
If " opening " incident takes place two switches, the more new situation of protection associated domain is following:
1) all disposes PMU as if switch ends node i, j, then after switch breaks off, the associated domain that node i, j constitute is deleted;
2) if node i does not dispose PMU; Node j has disposed PMU, and node j only links to each other with generalized node under node i or the node i through branch road, and generalized node is meant that broad sense does not dispose the node of PMU; Then after switch breaks off, with deleting in the associated domain of node j under node i, the j; If node j links to each other with generalized node under node i or the node i through many branch roads, then associated domain is constant;
3) all do not dispose PMU as if node i, j, and after the switch disconnection, two affiliated associated domains of node form two zones, then delete this associated domain, more the new node incidence matrices rebulids node i, j associated domain separately; After if switch breaks off, two affiliated associated domains of node still are communicated with, and then associated domain is constant
Step 3: after breaking down, extract the fault steady-state component of voltage and current, define the fault associated domain according to the fault steady-state component of differential current in each associated domain;
Step 4: for the broad sense associated domain, C confirms fault branch according to the fault association factor.
2. the wide area backup protection method based on fault component according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said current failure steady-state component method for distilling is:
Voltage failure steady-state component method for distilling is:
Wherein
Be fault steady-state current vector,
Be branch current measured value vector after the fault, Y
BBe branch admittance matrix, A
aBe node-branch road incidence matrices, Y is the system node admittance matrix,
Be the node injection current vector before the fault,
Be the variable quantity of fault posterior nodal point injection current vector,
Fault steady state voltage vector,
It is voltage measuring value vector after the fault.
3. the wide area backup protection method based on fault component according to claim 1 is characterized in that, if said fault association factor C＜η confirms that then this branch road is a fault branch, otherwise confirm that this branch road is the fault-free branch road that wherein η is a threshold value.
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| CN101917055B (en) * | 2010-08-05 | 2014-05-07 | 华北电力大学 | Branch circuit similarity-based wide area backup protection method |
| CN101968525B (en) * | 2010-10-09 | 2013-05-08 | 杭州市电力局 | Fault positioning method for power distribution network by combining simulation calculation and real-time monitoring |
| CN102005757B (en) * | 2010-10-29 | 2012-10-10 | 江西电力调度中心 | Method for recognizing grid topology based on measurement spanning tree |
| CN102255290B (en) * | 2011-06-27 | 2014-05-07 | 华北电力大学 | Current adaptive protecting method |
| CN102570426B (en) * | 2012-02-17 | 2014-08-20 | 黑龙江省电力有限公司 | Method for realizing back-up protection in wide area protection by using differential protection |
| CN102623975B (en) * | 2012-04-01 | 2014-04-23 | 许继电气股份有限公司 | Method for generating current differential protection generalized node on basis of electric topology of regional distribution network |
| CN103323742B (en) * | 2013-05-31 | 2015-10-21 | 华北电力大学 | Based on the electric network fault recognition methods of random distributed points PMU |
| CN103336191B (en) * | 2013-05-31 | 2016-08-10 | 华北电力大学 | Fault correlation domain identification system based on fault component reactive power and method thereof |
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| CN105977932B (en) * | 2016-06-14 | 2018-07-31 | 华北电力大学 | A kind of online computing system of power distribution network locality protection associated domain and its method |
| CN106597219B (en) * | 2016-12-12 | 2018-12-14 | 河南理工大学 | A kind of coalmine high-voltage power network short trouble automatic positioning method based on correlation matrix |
| CN106849023B (en) * | 2017-03-09 | 2019-04-02 | 西安科技大学 | Wide area backup protection based on traveling wave information is associated with area recognition method |
| CN108362975A (en) * | 2018-02-05 | 2018-08-03 | 广东电网有限责任公司电力调度控制中心 | A kind of electric network fault associated domain judgment method based on Wide-area Measurement Information |
| CN111382317B (en) * | 2020-03-09 | 2023-04-18 | 华中科技大学 | PMU data-based power distribution network closed loop current calculation method considering sympathetic inrush current and distributed power supply influence |
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