CN101736208A - Rare-earth low-nickel austenitic stainless steel - Google Patents
Rare-earth low-nickel austenitic stainless steel Download PDFInfo
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- CN101736208A CN101736208A CN201010109663A CN201010109663A CN101736208A CN 101736208 A CN101736208 A CN 101736208A CN 201010109663 A CN201010109663 A CN 201010109663A CN 201010109663 A CN201010109663 A CN 201010109663A CN 101736208 A CN101736208 A CN 101736208A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rare-earth low-nickel austenitic stainless steel, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight (wt%): 0.03 to 0.08 percent of C, 2.50 to 5.00 percent of Mn, 0.50 to 1.00 percent of Si, 0.01 to 0.03 percent of S, 0.02 to 0.045 percent of P, 2.50 to 5.00 percent of Ni, 16.00 to 19.00 percent of Cr, 2.00 to 3.00 percent of Mo, 0.10 to 0.30 percent of N, 0.05 to 0.20 percent of Al, 0.01 to 0.10 percent of Re, less than or equal to 1.00 percent of impurities, and the balance of Fe. The stables steel is prepared by the steps of material mixing, melting, slag-making, pre-deoxidation, final deoxidation, tapping casting and the like. The stainless steel not only can reduce the content of nickel and greatly reduce the cost of steel products, but also has good mechanical properties, and has a higher performance price ratio compared with the current universal stainless steels of 304 and 316 series.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of austenitic stainless steel alloy material, particularly a kind of alloy material that contains the rare earth metal low-nickel austenitic stainless steel.
Background technology
Along with China's constant development of economy, the improving constantly of living standards of the people, Stainless Steel Products is subjected to people's favor more and more.Wherein austenitic stainless steel is widely used in industry, the structural part of building and glass curtain wall stainless steel adapting pieces such as hardware and building decoration because of good performances such as its good solidity to corrosion, beautiful outward appearance and easy processing formings.
In austenitic stainless steel, comparatively typical steel grade has 304,304L, 316,316L etc., and 304 series stainless steels are widely used in fields such as household supplies, auto parts machinery, medical apparatus, building materials, chemistry, foodstuffs industry, agricultural and ship components; 316 series then be widely used in seawater with production units such as equipment, chemistry, dyestuff, papermaking, oxalic acid, fertilizer, take pictures, field such as foodstuffs industry, coastland facility, rope, CD bar, bolt, nut.The outstanding feature of this steel series is that good comprehensive performances is arranged, but because wherein rare metallic nickel content is higher, all reach more than 8%, in short supply day by day along with nickel resources, it is inexorable trend that the stainless steel cost and price significantly increases, and no matter is that steel mill or stainless steel user always very pay attention to economic benefit, therefore, the exploitation nickel-saving type austenitic stainless steel has great economic worth and great social significance.
At present, nickel-saving type austenitic stainless steel usually partly replaces rare metallic nickel to form units such as austenitic C, Mn, N, Cu.As Chinese invention patent mandate publication number (CN 1772942A) nickel-saving RE-containing austenitic stainless steel and preparation method thereof, its Chemical Composition (Wt%) is: C≤0.08, Si:0.3～0.8, Mn:5.0～8.5, S≤0.05, P≤0.04, Ni:3.0～5.5, Cr:14～19, Cu:1.0～4.0, N≤0.20, [O] total≤and 0.005, Re:0.05～0.30.Chinese invention patent mandate publication number (CN100432262C) contains diphase stainless steel alloy material of rare earth metal and preparation method thereof, its Chemical Composition (Wt%) is: C:0.01～0.02, Mn:8～12, Ni:1.0～2.0, Cr:24～26, Mo:3.5～4.5, N:0.3～0.45, Rare-Earth Ce or Y:0.05～0.20.Such nickel-saving type stainless steel all has higher manganese content, and high Mn content has weakened the resistance to corrosion of steel, reduced welding property, make the stainless steel degradation, be very restricted in actual the making, especially in the application that requires industries such as the chemistry of high anti-corrosion, coal, oil industry and coastland building structural member.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention has provided a kind of rare-earth low-nickel austenitic stainless steel, and it can not only reduce the content of nickel element, thereby steel product cost is significantly reduced; And have the favorable mechanical performance, it is higher to compare 304,316 now general series stainless steel cost performances.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is that this stainless composition and mass percent (Wt%) are: C:0.03～0.08, Mn:2.50～5.00, Si:0.50～1.00, S:0.01～0.03, P:0.02～0.045, Ni:2.50～5.00, Cr:16.00～19.00, Mo:2.00～3.00, N:0.10～0.30, Al:0.05～0.20, Re:0.01～0.10, impurity≤1.00, surplus are Fe.
The present invention contains any one smelting processes such as rare earth metal low-nickel austenitic stainless steel vacuum available induction furnace, non-vacuum induction furnace, resistance furnace, electric arc furnace+external refining and smelts.Concrete processing step is as follows: at first according to elementary composition and mass percent (Wt%) of the present invention, determine concrete steel grades requirement, comprehensively prepare burden in conjunction with various raw-material compositions; Pack successively that electric furnace melts into, slag making, pre-deoxidation, alloying, adjustment composition, adjust molten steel temperature, final deoxygenation, tapping (containing alloying in the bag), casting according to close, real, suitable charging principle; Furnace charge ratio collocation has by size reached the molten soon purpose of dress; Concrete loading sequence is the odd parts that corrosion, greasy dirt etc. are arranged, and steel scrap adds the bottom, and the fritter foundry returns adds the middle part, load, and the raw material that bulk is loose is put into top, and its deadweight is fallen; With after containing magnesium complex deoxidization refining agent and carrying out final deoxygenation, add rare earth metal before the tapping casting, casting immediately after promptly rare earth metal adds; Pouring temperature is controlled at 1550～1650 ℃, finally makes the rare-earth low-nickel austenitic stainless steel alloy material.Described adjustment composition is that the component mass percent with steel is adjusted to predetermined concrete steel grades requirement, to obtain the low-nickel austenitic stainless steel of certain elementary composition and mass percent.
The effect of above-mentioned nickel in stainless steel with just bring into play after chromium cooperates, nickel is good corrosion resistant material, also is the important alloy element of steel alloy.Its main effect is to form and the stable austenite tissue, promotes the passivation of chromium, improves Drawing abillity, makes it that good comprehensive mechanical performance be arranged.
In the technical scheme of the present invention, owing to adopt rational manganese content, performance manganese enlarges austenitic area and intensive stable austenite function of organization in austenitic stainless steel, when one timing of steel carbon content, increase along with manganese content, organizing gradually by perlite of steel becomes martensite and further transfers Austenitic to, so manganese helps austenitic formation, to improve the performance of austenitic stainless steel; Manganese can significantly improve the solubleness of nitrogen in austenitic steel simultaneously, nitrogen is to form the austenite element strongly, one of main joint nickel element, in steel, can play the intensity that the solution strengthening effect improves austenitic stainless steel, nitrogen can improve corrosion resistance nature, particularly intergranular corrosion resistance, pitting attack and the crevice corrosion behavior etc. of steel simultaneously; The compound adding of manganese, nitrogen can replace rare strategic resource nickel, thereby reaches the effect that joint nickel reduces cost.Certainly too high manganese content can impel AUSTENITE GRAIN COARSENING, makes stainless steel temper brittleness occur; Therefore the present invention is by research and the various alloying elements of analysis of experiments are to stainless steel cost and Effect on Performance repeatedly, and the rationally definite content ratio of manganese in above-mentioned stainless steel guaranteeing and improving on the basis of stainless steel performance, realizes low nickel and reduce cost.
Again owing to added aluminium in stainless steel of the present invention, aluminium is as reductor, but in stainless steel crystal grain thinning, improve impelling strength; Aluminium also has oxidation-resistance and corrosion resistance, and aluminium and chromium, silicon share, and can significantly improve the high temperature non-scale performance of steel and the ability of high-temperature corrosion resistance.
Also since in stainless steel, add rare earth element at first can purify hot metal, eliminate gas, improve form, size, the distribution of inclusion, play the grain-boundary strengthening effect, thereby improve the thermoplasticity of steel, hot workability reduces the broken limit of hot rolling defective, improves lumber recovery; Secondly Re energy crystal grain thinning improves the crystal boundary bonding strength, improves the over-all properties of material; Re can promote material surface to form the oxide skin protective membrane rapidly, the erosion resistance of raising steel and thermotolerance etc.; Re can also play the effect of solution strengthening and dispersion-strengthened, and suppresses the as-cast structure carbide and separate out at intergranular, has significantly improved the mechanical property and the corrosion resistance of steel.The present invention quite even on the basis that surpasses, has realized joint nickel 25～40% at mechanical property and SUS304 steel, has reduced production cost; Smelting technology is also simple relatively, and equipment requirements is lower, and is workable.
In the chemical ingredients of austenitic stainless steel of the present invention, C, Mn, N, Ni are austenite former, Si, Cr are ferrite former, the present invention adopts chromium, nickel equivalent to control each elemental range, chromium, nickel equivalent ratio are controlled at the certain numerical value interval, wherein Cr is topmost alloying element in the alloying element, solidity to corrosion to austenitic stainless steel has the greatest impact, chromium forms the very thin chromium film of one deck at stainless steel surface, plays corrosion resistant effect thereby this film stops oxygen to continue to infiltrate the matrix oxidation.
The mechanism of action of other principal element is as follows in the austenitic stainless steel of the present invention:
C: carbon is the one of the chief elements of industrial steel, and carbon mainly shows both ways the influence of tissue in stainless steel: on the one hand carbon is the element of stable austenite, and the degree of effect very big (be about nickel 30 times); On the other hand because the avidity of carbon and chromium is very big, form the carbide of a series of complexity with chromium, be easy to the stainless steel crystal boundary and separate out, cause matrix Cr poorness, the erosion resistance that makes steel is the intergranular corrosion resistance degradation particularly.So from intensity and corrosion resistant candle performance two aspects, the effect of carbon in stainless steel is mutual contradiction, the present invention comprehensively determines and the control carbon content in view of the above.
Si: add silicon mainly as reductive agent and reductor, cleaning molten steel in steel-making, silicon is ferrite former, in general stainless steel for often depositing impurity element.
Embodiment
Embodiment
Be the elementary composition composition and the mass percent of three specific embodiments below, as shown in table 1.
The elemental composition of three embodiment of table 1 and mass percent (Wt%)
The Mechanics Performance Testing result of embodiment 1,2,3 is compared as follows shown in the table 2 with the mechanical property of Comparative Examples SUS304.Standard GB/T228-2002 " metallic substance tensile test at room temperature method " is adopted in the test of YIELD STRENGTH, tensile strength, unit elongation and relative reduction in area.
The mechanical property contrast of three embodiment of table 2 and Comparative Examples
Embodiment 1,2,3 respectively under 5%NaCl solution, 5%H2S04 solution, 5%NaOH solution environmental, is carried out the corrosion resistance nature test at ambient temperature, and its result is as shown in table 3 below.
Three embodiment corrosion resistance natures of table 3 test result
As can be seen, the mechanical property of embodiment gained alloy material is suitable with SUS304 commonly used from above contrast table, but acid-alkali-corrosive-resisting will be significantly better than this steel grade.The foregoing description is a concrete preferred version of the present invention; but the present invention is not limited to the foregoing description; such as changing arbitrarily in the scope of composition protection of the present invention, smelting technology also can carry out in any one smelting furnace in vacuum induction furnace, non-vacuum induction furnace, electric arc furnace, the resistance furnace etc.
The smelting technology method of above-mentioned three embodiment is at first according to the composition requirement of steel grade, comprehensively to prepare burden in conjunction with various raw-material compositions; Furnace charge ratio collocation has by size reached the molten soon purpose of dress; Pack successively that electric furnace melts into, slag making, pre-deoxidation, alloying, adjustment composition, adjust molten steel temperature, final deoxygenation, tapping (containing alloying in the bag), casting according to close, real, suitable charging principle; Concrete loading sequence is the odd parts that corrosion, greasy dirt etc. are arranged, and steel scrap adds the bottom, and the fritter foundry returns adds the middle part, load, and the raw material that bulk is loose is put into top, and its deadweight is fallen; With after containing magnesium complex deoxidization refining agent and carrying out final deoxygenation, add rare earth metal before the tapping casting, wherein the percentage composition of Ce/Re is 54.9%; Pouring temperature is controlled at 1550～1650 ℃, finally makes the novel rare-earth low-nickel austenitic stainless steel alloy material that contains.Embodiment the 1,2, the 3rd, smelts on medium-frequency induction furnace, and pouring temperature is respectively 1630 ℃, 1605 ℃, 1580 ℃, finally makes the novel rare-earth low-nickel austenitic stainless steel alloy material that contains of embodiment ingredients listed.
Claims (4)
1. a rare-earth low-nickel austenitic stainless steel is characterized in that this stainless composition and mass percent (Wt%) are: C:0.03～0.08, Mn:2.50～5.00, Si:0.50～1.00, S:0.01～0.03, P:0.02～0.045, Ni:2.50～5.00, Cr:16.00～19.00, Mo:2.00～3.00, N:0.10～0.30, Al:0.05～0.20, Re:0.01～0.10, impurity≤1.00, surplus is Fe.
2. rare-earth low-nickel austenitic stainless steel according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: this stainless steel requires batching according to the composition of steel grade, through comprising that the electric furnace of packing into melts, slag making, pre-deoxidation, alloying, adjustment composition, adjusting molten steel temperature, final deoxygenation, tapping casting and form; And behind the final deoxygenation, add rare earth metal before the tapping casting, casting immediately after rare earth metal adds, pouring temperature is controlled at 1550～1650 ℃.
3. rare-earth low-nickel austenitic stainless steel according to claim 2 is characterized in that; Order to the electric furnace charging is followed successively by: the odd parts of corrosion, greasy dirt etc. is arranged, and steel scrap adds the bottom; The fritter foundry returns adds the middle part; The raw material that bulk is loose is put into top, and its deadweight is fallen.
4. according to claim 2 or 3 described rare-earth low-nickel austenitic stainless steels, it is characterized in that; Described electric furnace is vacuum induction furnace, non-vacuum induction furnace, resistance furnace or electric arc furnace.
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| CN201010109663A CN101736208A (en) | 2010-02-10 | 2010-02-10 | Rare-earth low-nickel austenitic stainless steel |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102230137A (en) * | 2011-06-20 | 2011-11-02 | 宣达实业集团有限公司 | Austenitic heat-resistant stainless steel and processing method thereof |
| CN103526132A (en) * | 2013-09-27 | 2014-01-22 | 泰州永兴合金材料科技有限公司 | Low-nickel stainless steel with high heat resistance and preparation method of stainless steel |
| CN108546868A (en) * | 2018-05-11 | 2018-09-18 | 郑州佳宇耐磨科技有限公司 | A kind of high temperature resistant, corrosion resistant melted aluminium absorption tube material |
| CN109058503A (en) * | 2018-09-20 | 2018-12-21 | 四川凯茨阀门制造有限公司 | The corrosion resistant extraordinary ball valve of high sulfur resistive |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP2003089851A (en) * | 2001-09-14 | 2003-03-28 | Nisshin Steel Co Ltd | High strength duplex stainless steel sheet having high elasticity, and production method therefor |
| CN1772942A (en) * | 2005-09-12 | 2006-05-17 | 钢铁研究总院 | Nickel-saving RE-containing austenitic stainless steel and its prepn |
| CN101194037A (en) * | 2005-04-11 | 2008-06-04 | 住友金属工业株式会社 | Austenitic stainless steel |
-
2010
- 2010-02-10 CN CN201010109663A patent/CN101736208A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003089851A (en) * | 2001-09-14 | 2003-03-28 | Nisshin Steel Co Ltd | High strength duplex stainless steel sheet having high elasticity, and production method therefor |
| CN101194037A (en) * | 2005-04-11 | 2008-06-04 | 住友金属工业株式会社 | Austenitic stainless steel |
| CN1772942A (en) * | 2005-09-12 | 2006-05-17 | 钢铁研究总院 | Nickel-saving RE-containing austenitic stainless steel and its prepn |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102230137A (en) * | 2011-06-20 | 2011-11-02 | 宣达实业集团有限公司 | Austenitic heat-resistant stainless steel and processing method thereof |
| CN103526132A (en) * | 2013-09-27 | 2014-01-22 | 泰州永兴合金材料科技有限公司 | Low-nickel stainless steel with high heat resistance and preparation method of stainless steel |
| CN108546868A (en) * | 2018-05-11 | 2018-09-18 | 郑州佳宇耐磨科技有限公司 | A kind of high temperature resistant, corrosion resistant melted aluminium absorption tube material |
| CN109058503A (en) * | 2018-09-20 | 2018-12-21 | 四川凯茨阀门制造有限公司 | The corrosion resistant extraordinary ball valve of high sulfur resistive |
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Open date: 20100616 |