CN101735886A - Novel process for refining camellia seed crude oil - Google Patents
Novel process for refining camellia seed crude oil Download PDFInfo
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- CN101735886A CN101735886A CN200910226753A CN200910226753A CN101735886A CN 101735886 A CN101735886 A CN 101735886A CN 200910226753 A CN200910226753 A CN 200910226753A CN 200910226753 A CN200910226753 A CN 200910226753A CN 101735886 A CN101735886 A CN 101735886A
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- 240000001548 Camellia japonica Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 235000018597 common camellia Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000009874 alkali refining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 241000526900 Camellia oleifera Species 0.000 claims description 18
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 18
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004332 deodorization Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 241001122767 Theaceae Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004042 decolorization Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 235000019483 Peanut oil Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000019484 Rapeseed oil Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000312 peanut oil Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000001877 deodorizing effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 150000003904 phospholipids Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000001397 quillaja saponaria molina bark Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229930182490 saponin Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 150000007949 saponins Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010495 camellia oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及农副产品精深加工中的油脂精炼技术领域,特别是一种油茶籽毛油精炼新工艺。The invention relates to the technical field of oil refining in deep processing of agricultural and sideline products, in particular to a new process for refining camellia seed crude oil.
背景技术Background technique
油茶籽主要产自我国中南地区,其中湖南省产量位居全国之首。长期以来,产地居民以食用毛茶籽油为主。由于毛茶籽油中含有多种杂质,而且颜色较深,滋味较差,所以产品档次较低。近年来,油茶籽加工行业采用了“毛油-脱胶-完全脱酸-一次水洗-脱色-脱臭”这一常规精炼方法,产品质量有所改观。但由于油茶籽油固有的特殊性,因而,常规精炼方法不能有效脱除可溶性杂质;加之现有的精炼设备能力偏低,设备整体比较落后,故采用常规方法精炼油茶籽油的生产成本偏高,得油率偏低,产品质量一直不能得到有效提高。Camellia oleifera seeds are mainly produced in the south-central region of my country, among which Hunan Province ranks first in the country. For a long time, residents in the producing area mainly eat tea seed oil. Because tea seed oil contains many kinds of impurities, and the color is darker and the taste is poor, so the product grade is lower. In recent years, the camellia seed processing industry has adopted the conventional refining method of "crude oil-degumming-complete deacidification-one washing-decolorization-deodorization', and the product quality has improved. However, due to the inherent particularity of Camellia oleifera seed oil, conventional refining methods cannot effectively remove soluble impurities; in addition, the capacity of existing refining equipment is relatively low, and the overall equipment is relatively backward, so the production cost of refining Camellia oleifera seed oil using conventional methods is relatively high , The oil yield is low, and the product quality cannot be effectively improved.
发明内容Contents of the invention
针对现有技术的不足,本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种能够提高精炼得油率、降低生产成本、提高产品质量和稳定性的油茶籽毛油精炼工艺。Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a refining process for camellia seed crude oil that can increase the refined oil yield, reduce production costs, and improve product quality and stability.
本发明所采取的技术方案是发明一种油茶籽毛油精炼新工艺,其工艺流程包括以下工序:油茶籽毛油过滤去杂,第一次低温酸反应,低温碱炼,脱皂,第一次加酸后、水洗,第二次水洗,脱色,脱臭,制得一级油茶籽油;The technical solution adopted by the present invention is to invent a new process for refining camellia seed crude oil, and its technological process includes the following steps: filtering and removing impurities from camellia camellia seed crude oil, the first low-temperature acid reaction, low-temperature alkali refining, soap removal, the first After adding acid for the first time, washing with water, washing with water for the second time, decolorization and deodorization, the first-grade Camellia oleifera seed oil is obtained;
所述的第一次低温酸反应工序,是让过滤去杂后的油茶籽毛油通过混合装置将85%的磷酸按照油茶籽毛油总重量的0.12-0.15%进行混合,混合后进入酸反应罐,控制酸反应时间在80-100min;The first low-temperature acid reaction process is to mix 85% phosphoric acid with 0.12-0.15% of the total weight of camellia seed crude oil through a mixing device after filtering and removing impurities, and then enter the acid reaction after mixing. Tank, control acid reaction time in 80-100min;
所述的低温碱炼工序,是将第一次酸反应后的油茶籽毛油加热到50-60℃,加入浓度为15Be的NaOH溶液,充分混匀后缓慢搅拌约20min,成为混合油;The low-temperature alkali refining process is to heat the camellia seed crude oil after the first acid reaction to 50-60°C, add a NaOH solution with a concentration of 15Be, mix well and then slowly stir for about 20 minutes to become a mixed oil;
所述的脱皂工序,是将经过低温碱炼反应后的混合油,快速加热到85-90℃,进入脱皂离心机中进行离心分离,分离出混合油中的皂脚,成为脱皂油;The said desoaping process is to rapidly heat the mixed oil after low-temperature alkali refining reaction to 85-90°C, put it into a soap-removing centrifuge for centrifugation, and separate the soapstock in the mixed oil to become desoaped oil ;
所述的第一次加酸后、水洗工序,是在脱皂后,先加入占油茶籽毛油总重量0.01-0.015%的50%柠檬酸进入脱皂油中,然后加入占油茶籽毛油总重量6-8%、温度为90-95℃的热水,一起进入静态混合器中充分混合,再进入水洗离心机中进行第一次脱胶;The first acid addition and water washing process is to add 50% citric acid accounting for 0.01-0.015% of the total weight of camellia seed crude oil into the desoaped oil after soap removal, and then add The hot water with a total weight of 6-8% and a temperature of 90-95°C is put into a static mixer and mixed thoroughly, and then into a washing centrifuge for the first degumming;
所述的第二次水洗工序,是在经过第一次酸、水共洗后的脱皂油中,加入占茶籽毛油总重量5-7%的温度为90-95℃的热水,一起进入静态混合器中充分混合,再进入水洗离心机中进行第二次脱胶。The second water washing process is to add hot water at 90-95°C, which accounts for 5-7% of the total weight of the tea seed crude oil, to the desoaped oil after the first acid and water co-washing, Enter the static mixer together to mix thoroughly, and then enter the water washing centrifuge for the second degumming.
本发明的油茶籽毛油精炼新工艺,由于所采用的第一次低温酸反应工序,反应温度较低,反应时间亦介于现有技术中的长混和短混之间,提供了足够的酸反应时间,使得毛油中的磷脂被转型为亲水性可水化磷脂,茶皂素被转型为亲水性物质,因而,在其后的低温碱炼工序中,能有效脱除磷脂和茶皂素,并有效地减少了NaOH与中性油的副反应发生,保证了其后的脱胶效果及生产效率。此外,由于在低温碱炼工序脱除了部分酸价,产生了适宜量的皂脚,吸附了油中部分色素和脱除部分油溶性杂质。同时,由于采用了二次水洗和添加柠檬酸工艺,可以较大程度地洗去其中所含的可溶性杂质,提高产品质量和稳定性。The new refining process of Camellia oleifera seed crude oil of the present invention, due to the first low-temperature acid reaction process adopted, the reaction temperature is lower, and the reaction time is also between the long-mix and short-mix in the prior art, providing enough acid The reaction time makes the phospholipids in the crude oil be transformed into hydrophilic hydratable phospholipids, and tea saponin is transformed into hydrophilic substances. Therefore, in the subsequent low-temperature alkali refining process, phospholipids and tea saponin can be effectively removed. Saponin, and effectively reduce the occurrence of side reactions between NaOH and neutral oil, ensuring the subsequent degumming effect and production efficiency. In addition, due to the removal of part of the acid value in the low-temperature alkali refining process, an appropriate amount of soapstock is produced, which absorbs part of the pigment in the oil and removes part of the oil-soluble impurities. At the same time, due to the adoption of the secondary water washing and adding citric acid process, the soluble impurities contained therein can be washed away to a large extent, and the product quality and stability are improved.
因此,本发明与现有技术相比较,其突出的技术效果有:Therefore, the present invention compares with prior art, and its outstanding technical effect has:
(一)、能够解决常规精炼方法回色的难题,有效脱除油茶籽油中的胶质、茶皂素等杂质;(1) It can solve the problem of color reversion in conventional refining methods, and effectively remove impurities such as gum and tea saponin in Camellia oleifera seed oil;
(二)、碱炼脱除部分脂肪酸,既达到了使皂脚有效吸附油中色素的效果,又解决了离心机脱除大量皂脚所造成的生产效率偏低的难题,且在后道工序中脱除大量脂肪酸,既提高了副产品收益,降低了生产成本,提高了产品质量,又提高了精炼得油率。(2) Alkali refining removes some fatty acids, which not only achieves the effect of effectively absorbing the pigment in the oil from the soapstock, but also solves the problem of low production efficiency caused by the removal of a large amount of soapstock by the centrifuge. The removal of a large amount of fatty acids in the process not only increases the income of by-products, reduces production costs, improves product quality, but also increases the refining oil yield.
(三)、本发明在常规工艺基础上,只要在部分管道的改造方面进行很少投资,就能实现。(3), the present invention just can realize as long as carry out very little investment aspect the transformation of part pipeline on the conventional technology basis.
本发明的油茶籽毛油精炼新工艺与常规精炼工艺所生产的一级油质量对比如下表1所示。The quality comparison of the primary oil produced by the new refining process of Camellia oleifera seed crude oil of the present invention and the conventional refining process is shown in Table 1 below.
表1 本发明的油茶籽毛油精炼新工艺与常规精炼工艺一级油质量对比表Table 1 Comparison table of first-grade oil quality between the new refining process of Camellia oleifera seed crude oil of the present invention and the conventional refining process
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下结合实施例,对本发明作进一步的说明。Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention will be further described.
实施本发明所采用的主要设备包括:酸反应釜、碱反应釜、刀式混和器、静态混合器、离心机、离心泵等。The main equipment used to implement the present invention includes: acid reactor, alkali reactor, knife mixer, static mixer, centrifuge, centrifugal pump and the like.
实施例一Embodiment one
本实施例的具体工艺流程如下:The specific technological process of the present embodiment is as follows:
其一,将待精炼的油茶籽毛油进行过滤去杂,使得除杂后的油茶籽毛油质量为:酸价3.5,磷脂含量1.05%,水分0.2%,杂质0.18%。First, the crude camellia seed oil to be refined is filtered to remove impurities, so that the quality of the crude camellia seed oil after removal of impurities is: acid value 3.5, phospholipid content 1.05%, moisture 0.2%, and impurities 0.18%.
其二,在除杂后的油茶籽毛油加入占油茶籽毛油总重量0.12%的85%磷酸,经过刀式混合器混合后进入酸反应罐,反应时间80min;Second, add 85% phosphoric acid accounting for 0.12% of the total weight of camellia seed crude oil to the crude camellia seed oil after impurity removal, and enter the acid reaction tank after being mixed by a knife mixer, and the reaction time is 80 minutes;
其三,将经过酸反应的油茶籽毛油加热到50℃,再加入15Be的NaOH溶液离心混合(加碱量按照公式:1×0.713×Q/1000计算,Q为油茶籽毛油流量T/h。),充分混匀后,缓慢搅拌,进行低温碱炼反应时间20min后,成为混合油;Third, heat the crude camellia seed oil after the acid reaction to 50°C, then add 15Be of NaOH solution and centrifugally mix it (the amount of alkali added is calculated according to the formula: 1×0.713×Q/1000, Q is the flow rate of the crude camellia seed oil T/ h.), after fully mixing, stir slowly, and carry out low-temperature alkali refining reaction time after 20min, become mixed oil;
其四,将经过低温碱炼反应后的混合油快速加热到85℃,脱皂离心机中进行离心分离,分离出混合油中的皂脚,成为脱皂油;Fourth, the mixed oil after the low-temperature alkali refining reaction is rapidly heated to 85°C, and centrifuged in a desoaping centrifuge to separate the soapstock in the mixed oil and become desoaped oil;
其五,在脱皂油中加入占油茶籽毛油总重量0.01%的50%柠檬酸,然后加入8%的90℃的热水,一起进入静态混合器中充分混合,再进入第一台水洗离心机中进行脱水,实现第一次脱胶;Fifth, add 50% citric acid accounting for 0.01% of the total weight of Camellia oleifera seed crude oil in the desoaped oil, then add 8% of hot water at 90°C, and fully mix them in a static mixer, then enter the first washing machine Dehydration in the centrifuge to achieve the first degumming;
其六,经过第一次脱胶后,再加入占油茶籽毛油总重量5%的90℃的热水、一起进入静态混合器中充分混合,再进入第二台水洗离心机中进行脱水,实现第二次脱胶;Its six, after degumming for the first time, then add the hot water of 90 ℃ that accounts for 5% of the total weight of camellia oleifera seed crude oil, enter into the static mixer and fully mix together, then enter the second washing centrifuge for dehydration, realize second degumming;
其七,二次脱胶后,经过干燥,再按常规精炼工艺进行脱色、脱臭,即可得到精炼一级油茶籽油。Seventh, after secondary degumming, drying, and decolorization and deodorization according to the conventional refining process, the refined first-grade Camellia oleifera seed oil can be obtained.
实施例二Embodiment two
本实施例的具体工艺流程如下:The specific technological process of the present embodiment is as follows:
其一,将待精炼的油茶籽毛油进行过滤去杂,使得除杂后的油茶籽毛油质量为:酸价3.5,磷脂含量1.05%,水分0.2%,杂质0.18%。First, the crude camellia seed oil to be refined is filtered to remove impurities, so that the quality of the crude camellia seed oil after removal of impurities is: acid value 3.5, phospholipid content 1.05%, moisture 0.2%, and impurities 0.18%.
其二,在除杂后的油茶籽毛油加入占油茶籽毛油总重量0.13%的85%磷酸,经过刀式混合器混合后进入酸反应罐,反应时间90min;Second, add 85% phosphoric acid accounting for 0.13% of the total weight of the camellia seed crude oil to the crude camellia seed oil after impurity removal, and enter the acid reaction tank after being mixed by a knife mixer, and the reaction time is 90 minutes;
其三,将经过酸反应的油茶籽毛油加热到55℃,再加入15Be的NaOH溶液离心混合(加碱量按照公式:1×0.713×Q/1000计算,Q为油茶籽毛油流量T/h。),充分混匀后,缓慢搅拌,进行低温碱炼反应时间20min后,成为混合油;Third, heat the crude camellia seed oil through the acid reaction to 55°C, then add 15Be of NaOH solution and centrifugally mix it (the amount of alkali added is calculated according to the formula: 1×0.713×Q/1000, Q is the flow rate of the crude camellia seed oil T/ h.), after fully mixing, stir slowly, and carry out low-temperature alkali refining reaction time after 20min, become mixed oil;
其四,将经过低温碱炼反应后的混合油快速加热到88℃,脱皂离心机中进行离心分离,分离出混合油中的皂脚,成为脱皂油;Fourth, the mixed oil after the low-temperature alkali refining reaction is quickly heated to 88°C, and centrifuged in a desoaping centrifuge to separate the soapstock in the mixed oil and become desoaped oil;
其五,在脱皂油中加入占油茶籽毛油总重量0.012%的50%柠檬酸,然后加入7%的92℃的热水,一起进入静态混合器中充分混合,再进入第一台水洗离心机中进行脱水,实现第一次脱胶;Fifth, add 50% citric acid accounting for 0.012% of the total weight of Camellia oleifera seed crude oil into the desoaped oil, then add 7% of hot water at 92°C, and mix them thoroughly in a static mixer, and then enter the first washing machine Dehydration in the centrifuge to achieve the first degumming;
其六,经过第一次脱胶后,再加入占油茶籽毛油总重量6%的92℃的热水、一起进入静态混合器中充分混合,再进入第二台水洗离心机中进行脱水,实现第二次脱胶;Its six, after degumming for the first time, add the hot water of 92 ℃ that accounts for 6% of the total weight of Camellia oleifera seed crude oil, enter into the static mixer and fully mix together, then enter the second washing centrifuge for dehydration, realize second degumming;
其七,二次脱胶后,经过干燥,再按常规精炼工艺进行脱色、脱臭,即可得到精炼一级油茶籽油。Seventh, after secondary degumming, drying, and decolorization and deodorization according to the conventional refining process, the refined first-grade Camellia oleifera seed oil can be obtained.
实施例三Embodiment Three
本实施例的具体工艺流程如下:The specific technological process of the present embodiment is as follows:
其一,将待精炼的油茶籽毛油进行过滤去杂,使得除杂后的油茶籽毛油质量为:酸价3.5,磷脂含量1.05%,水分0.2%,杂质0.18%。First, the crude camellia seed oil to be refined is filtered to remove impurities, so that the quality of the crude camellia seed oil after removal of impurities is: acid value 3.5, phospholipid content 1.05%, moisture 0.2%, and impurities 0.18%.
其二,在除杂后的油茶籽毛油加入占油茶籽毛油总重量0.15%的85%磷酸,经过刀式混合器混合后进入酸反应罐,反应时间100min;Second, add 85% phosphoric acid accounting for 0.15% of the total weight of camellia seed crude oil to the crude camellia seed oil after impurity removal, and enter the acid reaction tank after being mixed by a knife mixer, and the reaction time is 100min;
其三,将经过酸反应的油茶籽毛油加热到60℃,再加入15Be的NaOH溶液离心混合(加碱量按照公式:1×0.713×Q/1000计算,Q为油茶籽毛油流量T/h。),充分混匀后,缓慢搅拌,进行低温碱炼反应时间20min后,成为混合油;Third, heat the crude camellia seed oil after the acid reaction to 60°C, then add 15Be of NaOH solution and centrifugally mix it (the amount of alkali added is calculated according to the formula: 1×0.713×Q/1000, Q is the flow rate of the crude camellia seed oil T/ h.), after fully mixing, stir slowly, and carry out low-temperature alkali refining reaction time after 20min, become mixed oil;
其四,将经过低温碱炼反应后的混合油快速加热到90℃,脱皂离心机中进行离心分离,分离出混合油中的皂脚,成为脱皂油;Fourth, the mixed oil after the low-temperature alkali refining reaction is rapidly heated to 90°C, and centrifuged in a desoaping centrifuge to separate the soapstock in the mixed oil and become desoaped oil;
其五,在脱皂油中加入占油茶籽毛油总重量0.015%的50%柠檬酸,然后加入6%的95℃的热水,一起进入静态混合器中充分混合,再进入第一台水洗离心机中进行脱水,实现第一次脱胶;Fifth, add 50% citric acid accounting for 0.015% of the total weight of Camellia oleifera seed crude oil in the desoaped oil, then add 6% of hot water at 95°C, and mix them thoroughly in a static mixer, and then enter the first washing machine Dehydration in the centrifuge to achieve the first degumming;
其六,经过第一次脱胶后,再加入占油茶籽毛油总重量7%的95℃的热水、一起进入静态混合器中充分混合,再进入第二台水洗离心机中进行脱水,实现第二次脱胶;Its six, after degumming for the first time, add the hot water of 95 ℃ that accounts for 7% of total weight of Camellia oleifera seed crude oil, enter into the static mixer and fully mix together, then enter the second washing centrifuge for dehydration, realize second degumming;
其七,二次脱胶后,经过干燥,再按常规精炼工艺进行脱色、脱臭,即可得到精炼一级油茶籽油。Seventh, after secondary degumming, drying, and decolorization and deodorization according to the conventional refining process, the refined first-grade Camellia oleifera seed oil can be obtained.
本发明的油茶籽毛油精炼新工艺,既可用于精炼油茶籽毛油,也可用于精炼菜籽油、花生油和其它的植物油。The new process for refining camellia seed crude oil of the present invention can be used for refining camellia seed crude oil, and can also be used for refining rapeseed oil, peanut oil and other vegetable oils.
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Effective date of registration: 20160722 Address after: 426100 Yongzhou City, Hunan province Qiyang county Wu Xi Zhen Qi Li Xin Cun, Hunan Jin Hao tea oil industry Limited by Share Ltd Patentee after: HUNAN XINJINHAO TEA OIL CO., LTD. Address before: 426100 Qiyang County of Hunan province Wuxi Wuxi Industrial Village Patentee before: Hunan Jinhao Camellia Oil Co., Ltd. |
