CN101725969B - 一种低NOx煤粉燃烧器 - Google Patents
一种低NOx煤粉燃烧器 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101725969B CN101725969B CN2010101003899A CN201010100389A CN101725969B CN 101725969 B CN101725969 B CN 101725969B CN 2010101003899 A CN2010101003899 A CN 2010101003899A CN 201010100389 A CN201010100389 A CN 201010100389A CN 101725969 B CN101725969 B CN 101725969B
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound 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[C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 229910002089 NOx Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract 2
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 210000004894 snout Anatomy 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000002093 peripheral Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003014 reinforcing Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002817 coal dust Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000002485 combustion reactions Methods 0.000 description 6
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon monoxide Chemical compound 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[O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 229910001874 nitric oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052813 nitrogen oxides Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
Description
一种低NOx煤粉燃烧器
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及一种煤粉燃烧器，尤其涉及一种低NOx煤粉燃烧器。 背景技术
[0002] 目前，我国约有50万台工业锅炉，而燃煤工业锅炉占其总量的80%以上，其中又以采用火床燃烧方式的链条炉居多。链条炉燃烧本身存在的缺陷，决定了其热效率不可能达到较高的水平，设备运行热效率平均仅为65%左右。而采用悬浮燃烧方式的煤粉工业锅炉，则有较高的锅炉效率。在工业锅炉上燃用煤粉，燃烧器的设计是关键。由于工业锅炉的炉膛空间较小，这就要求燃烧器应能较好地组织炉内的流场，使煤粉能高效稳定地燃烧，既能避免炉内结渣产生，同时又具有低NOx排放功能。而现在投产使用的煤粉燃烧器大多应用于电厂，适用于工业锅炉的煤粉燃烧器则较少。
发明内容
[0003] 针对以上存在的问题，本发明的目的在于提供适于工业锅炉用的一种低NOx煤粉燃烧器。
[0004] 本发明采用的技术方案是：该低NO5Jl粉燃烧器主要包括依次由中心开有圆孔的第一隔板和第二隔板分隔形成的内二次风箱、分级风箱和扰动风箱，所述内二次风箱、分级风箱、扰动风箱在各自的管壁上相应地设置有朝周向倾斜的内二次风进风口、分级风进风口、扰动风进风口 ；内二次风箱沿轴向贯穿有一次风管，在一次风管外同轴套设有内二次风管，内二次风管在第一隔板的圆孔处与第一隔板密封联接，内二次风管内安装有旋流叶片， 内二次风管在所述第一隔板的圆孔处向外扩锥延伸形成的锥形筒置于分级风箱内；扰动风箱内同轴设有两端敞口的预燃室，扰动风箱的壁与预燃室的壁之间形成环形通道，该环形通道的出口处设有环形端面，环形端面上均勻地设有开孔，在所述开孔处固定安装有扰动风喷口 ；预燃室的进口端在第二隔板的圆孔处与第二隔板密封联接；预燃室的进口根部处设有环形的分级风道，所述锥形筒与分级风道的内壁密封固定联接。
[0005] 进一步地，本发明所述分级风道内安装有旋流叶片。
[0006] 进一步地，本发明所述一次风管的出口端呈扩口状，该扩口状出口端伸入到锥形筒内，在该扩口状出口端内通过耐火钢筋焊接有圆锥形的钝体。
[0007] 进一步地，本发明所述扰动风喷口的中心轴线与预燃室的中心轴线之间所形成的夹角为α且10°彡α彡20°。
[0008] 与现有技术相比，本发明具有的有益效果是：
[0009] (1)本发明在内二次风管内设置旋流叶片，使经过旋流叶片的气流产生旋转，并在一次风管喷口处设置钝体，从而形成有利于着火的回流区，使煤粉更易点燃；
[0010] (2)本发明采用了预燃室设计，利用预燃室高温筒壁的辐射和反向回流高温烟气的对流传热，使煤粉气流迅速着火燃烧；另一方面，预燃室根部的分级风为旋转气流，具有吹灰作用，使预燃室内不积灰，并能有效防止结渣。
3[0011] (3)本发明在燃烧器出口处喷入了扰动风，加强了气流的扰动程度，从而促进了煤粉的燃烧，提高了煤粉的燃尽率。
[0012] (4)本发明采用内二次风、分级风及扰动风的三级配风方式，有效地降低了氮氧化物的排放；
[0013] (5)本发明的新型结构使煤粉火焰在锅炉炉膛中的燃烧温度分布均勻，不会出现局部过热的现象；
[0014] (6)本发明适用于各种中小型工业煤粉锅炉，在使用过程中具有较高的燃烧效率。 附图说明
[0015] 图1是本发明的结构示意图。
[0016] 图2是图1的A向视图。
[0017] 图3是扰动风喷口分布示意图。
具体实施方式
[0018] 下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步的说明。
[0019] 如图1、图2所示，本发明的煤粉燃烧器内间隔地固定安装有第一隔板15和第二隔板16，该两个隔板的中心均开有圆孔。通过第一隔板15和第二隔板16，煤粉燃烧器的内部被分隔形成依次排列的内二次风箱7、分级风箱8和扰动风箱9。如图2所示，在上述三个风箱各自的管壁上相应地设置有朝管壁的周向倾斜的内二次风进风口 11、分级风进风口 12、扰动风进风口 13。三个进风口采用周向倾斜设计，根据流体力学原理可知，气流采用这种方式进入风箱，使得风箱内的气流更为均勻，从而提高了燃烧器出口截面处气流的均勻度。内二次风箱7沿轴向贯穿有一次风管1，在一次风管1外同轴套设有内二次风管2，内二次风管2在第一隔板15的圆孔处与第一隔板15密封联接，内二次风管2在第一隔板15 的圆孔处向外扩锥延伸形成的锥形筒14置于分级风箱8。内二次风管2内安装有旋流叶片5，使气流通过此处时产生旋转，一次风管1的出口端为扩口状，该扩口状出口端伸入到锥形筒14内，在该扩口状出口端内通过耐火钢筋焊接有圆锥形的钝体6。在内二次风管2 内的旋流叶片5和钝体6的共同作用下，气流流出喷口后在中心（即钝体6的尾部）形成了有利于煤粉着火稳燃的高温回流区。扰动风箱9内同轴设有预燃室10 (即扰动风箱9与预燃室10的中心轴线重合），预燃室10的两端敞口，扰动风箱9的壁与预燃室10的壁之间形成环形通道，该环形通道的出口处设有环形端面17，环形端面17上均勻地设有若干个开孔，在这些开孔处固定安装有扰动风喷口 4。此外，预燃室10的进口端在第二隔板16的圆孔处与第二隔板16密封联接，从而阻断了扰动风箱9与分级风箱8内的两股气流，防止两股气流的窜流。由于预燃室10内的空间较小，且内壁为保温绝热材料制成，故预燃室10的壁温能很快升高并保持在一个比较高的温度，煤粉气流在高温筒壁的辐射和反向回流高温烟气的对流传热两者共同作用下，迅速着火燃烧。预燃室10的进口根部处设有环形的分级风道3，分级风道3内安装有旋流叶片，且其内壁与锥形筒14密封固定联接。分级风通过分级风道3紧贴着预燃室10壁面旋转进入燃烧器，不仅可以有效地防止预燃室10的结渣，还可对燃烧器出口起到很好的保护作用。如图3所示，在扰动风箱9的出口处的环形端面17 上均勻地设有开孔，在开孔处固定安装有扰动风喷口 4，扰动风喷口 4的中心轴线与预燃室10的中心轴线之间所形成的夹角为α。将α设定在10° < α < 20°，可使扰动风在该角度范围内通过扰动风喷口 4喷出，具有较好的扰动效果，从而促进煤粉的燃烧，提高煤粉的燃尽率。
[0020] 本发明的煤粉燃烧器把煤粉后期燃烧所需的二次风分成三部分，即通过内二次风管2、分级风道3、扰动风喷口 4，燃料在先缺氧、后富氧的条件下燃烧，有效地降低了氮氧化物的排放。
[0021] 本发明的工作过程如下：
[0022] 炉膛先用点火气枪（图中未示出）预热10秒钟后，打开风机，使煤粉气流通过一次风管1进入，绕过钝体6喷出，并被已经燃烧的燃气点燃，同时打开内二次风进风口 11、分级风进风口 12和扰动风进风口 13，此时内二次风、分级风、扰动风分别通过内二次风管2、 分级风道3、扰动风喷口 4进入燃烧器，实现空气的分级供给，能有效降低NOx的排放。在煤粉被点燃并与燃气共燃10秒钟后，关闭点火气枪，完全由煤粉燃烧。其中内二次风管2的气流通过旋流叶片5后，产生旋转，流出喷口后在中心（即在钝体6尾部）形成回流区，卷吸炉内的高温烟气，加热并点燃煤粉。通过调节内二次风进风口 11、分级风进风口 12、扰动风进风口 13进口上的阀门（图中未示出），便可调节火焰在锅炉炉膛中的燃烧情况，从而改善燃烧效果。
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| CN102454987B (zh) * | 2010-11-01 | 2014-12-31 | 烟台龙源电力技术股份有限公司 | 一种煤粉燃烧器和具有该煤粉燃烧器的锅炉 |
| CN102454988B (zh) * | 2010-11-01 | 2014-10-15 | 烟台龙源电力技术股份有限公司 | 一种煤粉燃烧器及锅炉 |
| CN102226521B (zh) * | 2011-06-02 | 2012-11-21 | 徐衡 | 正压撞击煤粉燃烧器 |
| CN102563637B (zh) * | 2012-02-27 | 2014-06-04 | 中国计量学院 | 木屑预燃室燃烧器 |
| CN102607018B (zh) * | 2012-03-02 | 2014-04-16 | 中国计量学院 | 一种分级送风双旋流煤粉工业锅炉燃烧器 |
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| CN105650631B (zh) * | 2016-03-09 | 2019-08-09 | 南阳市亚龙筑路机械制造有限公司 | 一种节能环保型煤粉燃烧装置 |
| CN106196144A (zh) * | 2016-08-31 | 2016-12-07 | 沈阳禹华环保有限公司 | 一种利用矿井瓦斯为燃料的燃气热风炉 |
| CN108361690B (zh) * | 2018-01-29 | 2020-01-10 | 西安交通大学 | 一种带远程燃尽风的防结渣型低NOx燃烧器 |
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Denomination of invention: Low NOx pulverized coal burner Effective date of registration: 20180719 Granted publication date: 20110817 Pledgee: Bank of Jinhua, Limited by Share Ltd, Jindong branch Pledgor: Zhejiang Jin'guo Boiler Co., Ltd. Registration number: 2018990000574 |
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