CN101725149A - Construction method of long open-cut tunnel - Google Patents
Construction method of long open-cut tunnel Download PDFInfo
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- CN101725149A CN101725149A CN200910311441A CN200910311441A CN101725149A CN 101725149 A CN101725149 A CN 101725149A CN 200910311441 A CN200910311441 A CN 200910311441A CN 200910311441 A CN200910311441 A CN 200910311441A CN 101725149 A CN101725149 A CN 101725149A
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 69
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004746 geotextile Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012946 outsourcing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002390 adhesive tape Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009194 climbing Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002984 plastic foam Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000020681 well water Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002349 well water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005429 filling process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009415 formwork Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011007 installation qualification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010721 machine oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035800 maturation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007569 slipcasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004078 waterproofing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a construction method of a long open-cut tunnel, comprising the following steps of: after reducing ground water level by utilizing precipitation of a tube well, carrying out the slope excavation to be the designed height, sequentially constructing a bed course, waterproof roll and inverted arch and filling, carrying out secondary lining by using inner and outer mould trolleys, constructing external coverage and waterproof engineering, back-filling and compacting. The invention has the advantages that: the construction method has strong scene maneuverability, is easy to popularize, ensures the construction safety, and improves the construction quality of the long open-cut tunnel.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the open trench tunnel job practices, especially relate to the job practices of long open-cut tunnel.
Background technology
Along with the progress of the develop rapidly of high speed railway construction and engineering design, construction technology, the improving constantly of classification of rail, execution conditions also more and more are restricted.Be subjected to the restriction of specific condition, long open-cut tunnel arises at the historic moment as a kind of important structure form.
The general length of open trench tunnel is shorter at present, and mainly is distributed in import and export and complicated geology place, and its job practices is mixed fritter template (making external mold) for the internal mold chassis substantially and constructed; Still the construction technology of not having a kind of scale of growing up open trench tunnel of maturation.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the above-mentioned shortcoming of prior art, the invention provides a kind of job practices of long open-cut tunnel, this method scene is workable, is easy to promote, and has guaranteed the construction safety and the construction quality of long open-cut tunnel.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: a kind of construction method of long open-cut tunnel comprises the steps:
A, delimitation red line scope, planning construction area and pioneer road;
B, employing precipitation well water pump draw water, and the precipitation target is that underground water drops to the following 0.5～1m in foundation ditch bottom surface;
C, put the slope and be excavated to design altitude, adopt mechanical equivalent of light excavation earlier, adopt hand excavation's finishing when excavating on the design altitude 30cm, every 8m of excavation downwards is provided with plain stage of slope, and the side slope ratio of slope is less than or equal to 1: 1.5;
After D, excavation are finished, bearingtest is done in substrate, after the base bearing capacity test meets the demands bed course wooden form construction cushion coat concrete is installed, blinding concrete intensity reaches after 50%, lay the substrate waterproof roll, lap width is more than or equal to 15cm between coiled material; The qualified back of waterproof roll construction is construction 5cm pea gravel concreten on the coiled material face, and waterproof roll is protected;
E, inverted arch reinforcing bar binding, mounting template, adopt automotive pump to carry out concreting then, after concrete strength meets construction process requirement, fill construction, in the filling process according to the pre-buried power of designing requirement cross rail, facility such as the rail of communicating by letter, sediment well, central drainage pipe;
F, lining construction comprise following five steps:
1. reinforcing bar is pricked the frame making in advance: make reinforcing bar according to the lining cutting internal diameter and prick frame in advance, the pre-frame size of pricking should be slightly less than the lining cutting internal diameter, pricks in advance running wheel is installed under the frame, pricks in advance under the frame and leaves porte-cochere, prick the sleeve that the frame both sides are provided with scalable steel pipe pre-, and prick in advance at reinforcing bar guardrail is installed on the frame;
2. reinforcing bar binding: after reinforcing bar is pricked frame in advance and completed,, reinforcing bar is pricked frame in advance move to the lining construction zone, carry out the lining cutting reinforcing bar binding to inverted arch limit pin concrete chisel hair; After tie with reinforcing bar finishes, buried water stop in vertical constuction joint, the horizontal constuction joint is installed, deformation joint, settlement joint adopt steel limit waterstop to add plastic foam plate cooperation back sticking type waterstop, then Grouting Pipe are close to the waterstop center line and are installed, and carry out the welding of integrated ground reinforcing bar at last;
3. chassis is in place: template is polished, the brushing release agent, on the abutment wall of building, draw pallet bottom with regard to bit line, by hydraulic system chassis external mold bottom is leaned against accurately with regard on the bit line, utilize external mold chassis truss to hang the lining cutting reinforcing bar, remove reinforcing bar then and prick frame in advance, the internal mold chassis moves in place again, after the inner and outer template of chassis is in place, carry out integral body debugging and reinforcing, shore reinforcing in chassis two arranged outside during reinforcing;
4. erecting bed car blocking plate: blocking plate adopts the wooden form field machining to install, must not moment reinforcement in the time of should guaranteeing that reinforcing bar passes blocking plate, and the blocking plate slit blocks with cotton;
5. use the delivery pump concreting: build and to carry out continuously, and will build speed and per hour be controlled at the side of building amount less than 16m3; After concrete construction finishes, to lining cutting cover, watering and maintenance;
G, after lining concrete intensity reaches more than 50%, set up scaffold in the lining cutting outside, construction abutment wall and vault outsourcing waterproof roll, the qualified back of waterproof roll construction re-lays one deck geotextiles on the coiled material face; The symmetrical then backfill open cut tunnel both sides earthwork.
In order to prevent spillage, also can end slurry at the inboard double faced adhesive tape that pastes of the internal mold outside, the external mold of described pallet bottom.
In order to ensure concrete compaction, outward appearance is bright and clean after the form removal, in described process with the delivery pump concreting, can adopt attached vibrator to add manually and vibrate.
For guaranteeing that coiled material is close to lining cutting, before described waterproof roll construction, should remove foreign material, oil of the cold end of brushing one deck outside lining cutting then outside the lining cutting; For improving waterproof effect, lap width is not less than 15cm between waterproof roll, and lap-joint is with climbing the welding machine welding closely, and is seamless, and pastes the wide press strip of 10cm at seam crossing.
Solid firmly for guaranteeing the backfill earthwork, when the earthwork of described backfill open cut tunnel both sides, every layer of 30cm back-filling in layers pressed in the earthwork, every backfill one deck mechanical ramming, and degree of compaction reaches more than 90%.
Compared with prior art, good effect of the present invention is: the present invention adopts after the tube well dewatering dewatering, put the slope and be excavated to design altitude, construction cushion coat, waterproof roll, inverted arch and filling successively, adopt inside and outside mould chassis construction secondary lining, carry out outsourcing waterproof construction, backfill compacting afterwards again.Prick frame in advance owing to before reinforcing bar binding, make reinforcing bar, adopt reinforcing bar to prick frame in advance and carry out reinforcing bar binding, the pre-frame undersized of pricking is in the lining cutting internal diameter, the pre-frame of pricking is installed running wheel down, and leave porte-cochere, and pricking the sleeve that the frame both sides are provided with scalable steel pipe in advance, guaranteed that therefore rebar sizes is accurate, improved reinforcing bar binding efficient; Carry out lining construction owing to adopted inside and outside mould chassis to cooperate, and two cover Schaltisch cars are all installed hydraulic means and walking system independently, Installation and Debugging speed is fast, template strength and rigidity are enough, guarantee tunnel clearance section, construction safety and concrete surface quality, improved the efficiency of construction of lining cutting; Because after described reinforcing bar binding is finished; the external mold chassis is earlier in place; utilize external mold chassis truss to hang the lining cutting reinforcing bar; remove reinforcing bar then and prick frame in advance; the internal mold chassis moves in place again, carries out integral body debugging and reinforcing after the inner and outer template of chassis is in place, shores reinforcing in chassis two arranged outside during reinforcing; therefore avoid reinforcing bar to prick frame in advance and removed back reinforcing bar downwarp and occupy headroom, guaranteed thickness of protection tier.In a word, the inventive method scene is workable, and job practices is easy to promote; Both guarantee construction safety, strengthened the construction quality of long open-cut tunnel again.
The specific embodiment
Disclosed all features in this manual, or the step in disclosed all methods or the process except mutually exclusive feature and/or step, all can make up by any way.
Disclosed arbitrary feature in this manual (comprising any accessory claim, summary and accompanying drawing) is unless special narration all can be replaced by other equivalences or the alternative features with similar purpose.That is, unless special narration, each feature is an example in a series of equivalences or the similar characteristics.
A kind of job practices of long open-cut tunnel, adopt following steps:
1) prepares construction equipment
Construction equipment mainly be divided into soil excavation and backfill, reinforcing bar processing and installation, concrete mixing and build, four big classes such as formwork jumbo.Earthwork construction machinery has excavator, carrier, loader, bulldozer, road roller etc.; Reinforcing bar aspect equipment has cutting off machine, bending machine, electric welding machine etc.; Concreting outfit has lorry mounted mixer, transportation tank car, delivery pump, automotive pump etc.; Formwork jumbo divides internal mold and external mold, by the chassis manufacturer processing and fabricating of specialty.
2) measure setting-out
Survey crew carries out construction lofting, delimits the red line scope, planning construction area and pioneer road.The job site is carried out smooth, build pioneer road, the sidewalk width is not less than 7m, and compacting is well current to guarantee the frequent load-carrying of Construction traffic.Colligation construction power equipment, the construction temporary drain is chosen the spoir place.
3) dewatering construction
Must carry out foundation pit dewatering before the excavation construction, adopt the precipitation well water pump to draw water, the precipitation target is that underground water drops to the following 0.5～1m in foundation ditch bottom surface, during the precipitation well construction, Height control 2～3m below substrate in shaft bottom is advisable, and hole diameter adopts Φ 705mm, well spacing 8m, if dewatering effect is not obvious, adopt double precipitation well precipitation.
4) soil excavation
Put the slope and be excavated to design altitude, adopt earlier mechanical equivalent of light excavation, adopt hand excavation's finishing when excavating on the design altitude 30cm, avoid the disturbance original state soil body.Every 8m of excavation downwards is provided with plain stage of slope, and side slope ratio of slope 1: 1.5 if meet the side slope instability, can suitably reduce ratio of slope, to ensure construction safety.
5) cushion construction
After excavation is finished, bearingtest is done in substrate, colligation bed course wooden form construction cushion coat concrete after the base bearing capacity test meets the demands.In the construction concrete is fully vibrated, avoid occurring the voids and pits phenomenon.During construction, section vertically advances entirely, forbids to occur vertical constuction joint.After concrete construction finishes, carry out concrete and receive face and maintenance work.
6) waterproof roll is laid
Blinding concrete intensity reaches after 50%, lays the substrate waterproof roll.Accomplishing during waterproof roll is laid does not in length and breadth have obvious fold, no coiled material breakage to smooth.Lap width is not less than 15cm between coiled material, and overlap joint closely, and is seamless; For improving waterproof effect, paste the wide press strip of 10cm at seam crossing.The qualified back of waterproof roll construction is construction 5cm pea gravel concreten on the coiled material face, and waterproof roll is protected.
7) inverted arch construction
To avoid damaging waterproof roll in the inverted arch reinforcing bar binding.Be convenient follow-up construction, the following scope of lining side wall 3m finishes with inverted arch reinforcing bar colligation together.Former material of reinforcing bar and welding should be satisfied " model is correct, quantity is enough, up-to-standard, technology is up to standard ".
Behind reinforcing bar, the template installation qualification, adopt automotive pump to carry out concreting.Rationally arrange worker, material, machine construction organization in the construction, fine manipulation fully vibrates, and guarantees that concrete quality is qualified; During construction, section vertically advances entirely, avoids occurring vertical constuction joint.
8) fill construction
The inverted arch concrete strength meets after the construction process requirement, the tissue filling construction.In the construction in strict accordance with the pre-buried power of designing requirement cross rail, facility such as the rail of communicating by letter, sediment well, central drainage pipe.Avoid facilities such as sediment well, central drainage pipe to stop up in the construction.Concrete adopts automotive pump or delivery pump to build, and builds entirely that section vertically advances, and avoids occurring vertical constuction joint.After finishing, concrete construction carries out receipts face, maintenance work.
9) lining construction
1. reinforcing bar is pricked the frame making in advance
Make reinforcing bar according to the lining cutting internal diameter before the reinforcing bar binding and prick frame in advance, requiring reinforcing bar to prick frame in advance has enough rigidity and stability, and the main material of pricking frame in advance is [18 channel-section steels and Φ 89mm steel pipe.Can have free passage in lining cutting for making reinforcing bar prick frame in advance, its size should be slightly less than the lining cutting internal diameter, and running wheel is set.For making things convenient for concrete and other transport of materials, prick in advance under the frame and leave porte-cochere.Reinforcing bar is pricked the sleeve that the frame both sides are provided with scalable steel pipe in advance, during assembling reinforcement, and with stretching of steel pipe in the sleeve, but flexible modulation scope of operation scope.For guaranteeing construction safety, reinforcing bar is pricked in advance guardrail is installed on the frame.
2. reinforcing bar binding
Carry out inverted arch limit pin concrete chisel hair before the construction, carry out the arch ring reinforcing bar binding again.Reinforcing bar is pricked frame in advance and is moved to the lining construction zone, colligation lining cutting reinforcing bar.In the reinforcing bar welding, when steel bar stress needed spreading, joint needed coaxial pre-bending, and two-sided overlap welding is adopted in welding, and fusion length is not less than 5d, same welding region, and joint area percentage is less than 50%.After tie with reinforcing bar finished, buried water stop in the tissue (or steel limit waterstop) was installed, buried water stop during vertically constuction joint, horizontal constuction joint adopt; Deformation joint, settlement joint adopt steel limit waterstop to add plastic foam plate cooperation back sticking type waterstop.When waterstop is installed, accomplish accurate positioning, it is placed in the middle to remain waterstop, and waterstop center line and constuction joint, deformation joint, settlement joint are in same plane.During Grouting Pipe was installed, for guaranteeing follow-up slip casting effect, Grouting Pipe is installed must be close to the waterstop center line.In the integrated ground welding, adopt " L " type Φ 16 screw-thread steels to be symmetrically welded, the stepped type chassis was in place after above operation was finished.
3. chassis is in place
Chassis is in place to be the key of the inside and outside outline line of control lining cutting, the physical dimension of decision lining cutting.Chassis assembly unit is aside in advance finished, and before inside and outside mould is in place, template is polished brushing release agent (bavin machine oil).Draw pallet bottom with regard to bit line on the abutment wall of building, by hydraulic system chassis external mold bottom is leaned against accurately with regard on the bit line, utilize external mold chassis truss to hang the lining cutting reinforcing bar, remove reinforcing bar then and prick frame in advance, the internal mold chassis moves in place again.In order to prevent spillage, the bottom internal mold outside, the inboard double faced adhesive tape that pastes of external mold end slurry.Carry out integral body debugging after inner and outer template is in place and reinforce, shore in chassis two arranged outside during reinforcing, with after the opposing concreting to external mold stress.
4. blocking plate is installed
Chassis in place and reinforce all qualified on inspection after, erecting bed car blocking plate.Blocking plate adopts wooden form, and field machining is installed.Reinforcing bar passes from the blocking plate slit, and perhaps punching allows reinforcing bar pass in blocking plate, must not moment reinforcement.The blocking plate slit blocks with cotton, spillage not when guaranteeing concreting.
5. concreting
Concrete adopts delivery pump to build, and builds and will carry out continuously, and will control and build speed, and per hour the side's of building amount reduces concrete to the pressure that trolley formwork brings to be advisable less than 16m3, avoids away mould, sudden and violent mould phenomenon to take place.Adopt attached vibrator to add manually in the concreting and vibrate, guarantee concrete compaction, outward appearance is bright and clean after the form removal.After concrete construction finishes, arrange the special messenger to lining cutting covering, watering, maintenance.
10) lining cutting outsourcing waterproof construction and backfilling of earthwork
After lining concrete intensity reaches more than 50%, set up scaffold in the lining cutting outside, by waterproofing design requirement and standard construction abutment wall and vault waterproof roll.Must remove lining cutting outside foreign material before waterproof roll is laid, oil of the cold end of brushing one deck is beneficial to coiled material and is close to lining cutting outside lining cutting.Accomplishing during waterproof roll is laid does not in length and breadth have obvious fold, no coiled material breakage to smooth.Lap width is not less than 15cm between coiled material, and lap-joint is with climbing the welding machine welding closely, and is seamless; For improving waterproof effect, paste the wide press strip of 10cm at seam crossing.One deck geotextiles is laid in the qualified back of waterproof roll construction on the coiled material face, waterproof roll is protected.
After waterproof roll and geotextiles construction finish, the symmetrical backfill open cut tunnel both sides earthwork.Every layer of 30cm back-filling in layers of standard pressed in the earthwork, mechanical ramming after the backfill, and then backfill 30cm, and compacting again, by that analogy.Backfill earthwork degree of compaction reaches more than 90%.
The present invention is not limited to the aforesaid specific embodiment.The present invention expands to any new feature or any new combination that discloses in this manual, and the arbitrary new method that discloses or step or any new combination of process.
Claims (5)
1. a construction method of long open-cut tunnel is characterized in that: comprise the steps:
A, delimitation red line scope, planning construction area and pioneer road;
B, employing precipitation well water pump draw water, and the precipitation target is that underground water drops to the following 0.5～1m in foundation ditch bottom surface;
C, put the slope and be excavated to design altitude, adopt mechanical equivalent of light excavation earlier, adopt hand excavation's finishing when excavating on the design altitude 30cm, every 8m of excavation downwards is provided with plain stage of slope, and the side slope ratio of slope is less than or equal to 1: 1.5;
After D, excavation are finished, bearingtest is done in substrate, after the base bearing capacity test meets the demands bed course wooden form construction cushion coat concrete is installed, blinding concrete intensity reaches after 50%, lay the substrate waterproof roll, lap width is more than or equal to 15cm between coiled material; The qualified back of waterproof roll construction is construction 5cm pea gravel concreten on the coiled material face, and waterproof roll is protected;
E, inverted arch reinforcing bar binding, mounting template, adopt automotive pump to carry out concreting then, after concrete strength meets construction process requirement, fill construction, in the filling process according to the pre-buried power of designing requirement cross rail, facility such as the rail of communicating by letter, sediment well, central drainage pipe;
F, lining construction comprise following five steps:
1. reinforcing bar is pricked the frame making in advance: make reinforcing bar according to the lining cutting internal diameter and prick frame in advance, the pre-frame size of pricking should be slightly less than the lining cutting internal diameter, pricks in advance running wheel is installed under the frame, pricks in advance under the frame and leaves porte-cochere, prick the sleeve that the frame both sides are provided with scalable steel pipe pre-, and prick in advance at reinforcing bar guardrail is installed on the frame;
2. reinforcing bar binding: after reinforcing bar is pricked frame in advance and completed,, reinforcing bar is pricked frame in advance move to the lining construction zone, carry out the lining cutting reinforcing bar binding to inverted arch limit pin concrete chisel hair; After tie with reinforcing bar finishes, buried water stop in vertical constuction joint, the horizontal constuction joint is installed, deformation joint, settlement joint adopt steel limit waterstop to add plastic foam plate cooperation back sticking type waterstop, then Grouting Pipe are close to the waterstop center line and are installed, and carry out the welding of integrated ground reinforcing bar at last;
3. chassis is in place: template is polished, the brushing release agent, on the abutment wall of building, draw pallet bottom with regard to bit line, by hydraulic system chassis external mold bottom is leaned against accurately with regard on the bit line, utilize external mold chassis truss to hang the lining cutting reinforcing bar, remove reinforcing bar then and prick frame in advance, the internal mold chassis moves in place again, after the inner and outer template of chassis is in place, carry out integral body debugging and reinforcing, shore reinforcing in chassis two arranged outside during reinforcing;
4. erecting bed car blocking plate: blocking plate adopts the wooden form field machining to install, must not moment reinforcement in the time of should guaranteeing that reinforcing bar passes blocking plate, and the blocking plate slit blocks with cotton;
5. use the delivery pump concreting: build and to carry out continuously, and will build speed and per hour be controlled at the side of building amount less than 16m3; After concrete construction finishes, to lining cutting cover, watering and maintenance;
G, after lining concrete intensity reaches more than 50%, set up scaffold in the lining cutting outside, construction abutment wall and vault outsourcing waterproof roll, the qualified back of waterproof roll construction re-lays one deck geotextiles on the coiled material face; The symmetrical then backfill open cut tunnel both sides earthwork.
2. construction method of long open-cut tunnel according to claim 1 is characterized in that: double faced adhesive tape is posted in the internal mold outside, external mold inboard at described pallet bottom.
3. construction method of long open-cut tunnel according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in described process with the delivery pump concreting, adopt attached vibrator to add manually and vibrate.
4. construction method of long open-cut tunnel according to claim 1 is characterized in that: should remove the lining cutting outside foreign material, oil of the cold end of brushing one deck outside lining cutting then before described waterproof roll construction; Lap width is not less than 15cm between waterproof roll, and lap-joint is with climbing the welding machine welding closely, and is seamless, and pastes the wide press strip of 10cm at seam crossing.
5. construction method of long open-cut tunnel according to claim 1 is characterized in that: when the earthwork of described backfill open cut tunnel both sides, every layer of 30cm back-filling in layers pressed in the earthwork, every backfill one deck mechanical ramming, and degree of compaction reaches more than 90%.
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