CN101724747A - Method for preparing briquetting furnace burden of submerged arc furnace with innocent adhesion and thermal treatment enhancement technology - Google Patents
Method for preparing briquetting furnace burden of submerged arc furnace with innocent adhesion and thermal treatment enhancement technology Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN101724747A CN101724747A CN200910311081A CN200910311081A CN101724747A CN 101724747 A CN101724747 A CN 101724747A CN 200910311081 A CN200910311081 A CN 200910311081A CN 200910311081 A CN200910311081 A CN 200910311081A CN 101724747 A CN101724747 A CN 101724747A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- briquetting
- bituminous coal
- coal
- ore deposit
- powder
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000002802 bituminous coal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 104
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000000643 oven drying Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000005997 Calcium carbide Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- CLZWAWBPWVRRGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2-[2-[2-[2-[bis[2-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-5-bromophenoxy]ethoxy]-4-methyl-n-[2-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]-2-oxoethyl]anilino]acetate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N(CC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)CC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)C(OCCOC=2C(=CC=C(Br)C=2)N(CC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)CC(=O)OC(C)(C)C)=C1 CLZWAWBPWVRRGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 claims description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011280 coal tar Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000006481 Colocasia esculenta Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001828 Gelatine Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000017020 Ipomoea batatas Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000002678 Ipomoea batatas Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000003183 Manihot esculenta Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000016735 Manihot esculenta subsp esculenta Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000008790 Musa x paradisiaca Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000018290 Musa x paradisiaca Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000061456 Solanum tuberosum Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000002595 Solanum tuberosum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000062793 Sorghum vulgare Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001807 Urea-formaldehyde Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- IKHGUXGNUITLKF-XPULMUKRSA-N acetaldehyde Chemical compound [14CH]([14CH3])=O IKHGUXGNUITLKF-XPULMUKRSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetaldehyde Diethyl Acetal Natural products CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002777 acetyl group Chemical class [H]C([H])([H])C(*)=O 0.000 claims description 3
- GZCGUPFRVQAUEE-SLPGGIOYSA-N aldehydo-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C=O GZCGUPFRVQAUEE-SLPGGIOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019713 millet Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000000582 semen Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 244000269261 Alocasia Species 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004484 Briquette Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 5
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000205754 Colocasia esculenta Species 0.000 description 2
- 229910000519 Ferrosilicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000001603 reducing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000616 Ferromanganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 108010038629 Molybdoferredoxin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- HBELESVMOSDEOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Fe].[Mo] Chemical compound [Fe].[Mo] HBELESVMOSDEOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracen-1-ylmethanolate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C3C(C[O-])=CC=CC3=CC2=C1 RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003830 anthracite Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002817 coal dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013467 fragmentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006062 fragmentation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- DALUDRGQOYMVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron manganese Chemical compound [Mn].[Fe] DALUDRGQOYMVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- OBSZRRSYVTXPNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraphosphorus Chemical compound P12P3P1P32 OBSZRRSYVTXPNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Coke Industry (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing briquetting furnace burden of a submerged arc furnace with innocent adhesion and thermal treatment enhancement technology; in the method, pulverized bituminous coal is used as raw material, adhesion agents which are innocent to the production process of the submerged arc furnace and the product quality are used for bonding the pulverized bituminous coal or the mixture of the mineral powder and the pulverized bituminous coal, and then briquetting is carried out, after air drying or low-temperature baking is carried out, the briquetting material is arranged in a thermal enhancement treatment furnace, the temperature is heated to 200-850 DEG C and kept from 5min to 5h, and then the material is taken out and cooled, so as to obtain the briquetting furnace burden with needed intensity for the production of the submerged arc furnace. In the invention, the innocent adhesion agents is used for bonding the pulverized bituminous coal, so as to obtain the molded coal reducing agent briquetting furnace burden which replaces coke briquette furnace burden, the cost of the reducing agent briquetting furnace burden can be saved by 50 percent, and the innocent adhesion agents is used for bonding the mixture of the mineral powder and the pulverized bituminous coal to obtain the ore coal mixed briquetting furnace burden which replaces the ores and coke briquette furnace burden, the cost of the reducing agent briquetting furnace burden not only can be saved by 50 percent, but the daily output of the daily output can be improved, and the power consumption of the product per ton of the submerged arc furnace is reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the technology for producing of the hot stove furnace charge in a kind of ore deposit, particularly prepare the method for the hot stove in ore deposit with briquetting furnace burden with innocent adhesion and treatment enhancement technology.
Background technology
The hot stove in ore deposit is a kind of metallurgy and Chemical Manufacture electrothermal high-temperature melting equipment commonly used, and various with the product category of the hot stove preparation in ore deposit, output is huge, occupies critical role in national economy.Wherein more famous product has calcium carbide, yellow phosphorus, ferrosilicon, ferromanganese, molybdenum-iron etc.Up to now, identical production technique is adopted in the hot stove production in global ore deposit: with the lump of metal oxide with certain lumpiness as the ore furnace charge; With coke briquette with certain lumpiness as the reductive agent furnace charge.Select for use coke rather than raw coal as reductant to be because coke has cellular vesicular structure, big as the reductive agent reaction surface, the chemically reactive height; The coke briquette of selecting nugget with certain lumpiness for use and having certain lumpiness is in order to make furnace charge have air permeability and good as furnace charge and without their fragment, so that allow the carbon monoxide waste gas that produces in the reaction in time discharge, promotes the generation of product.But this traditional technology also has following shortcoming: compare with raw coal (1), and the price of coke is that the twice of raw coal is many, and this has increased the furnace charge cost that the hot stove in ore deposit is produced undoubtedly; (2) coke and ore reduction during to the lumpiness that needs, inevitably will produced the broken Jiao and the broken ore that can't use in a large number, this has improved the furnace charge cost again; (3) blocky coke and blocky ore contact area are little, and speed of response is slow, have reduced the day output of the hot stove in ore deposit, thereby have increased the current consumption of the hot stove product in ore deposit per ton.
The traditional technology of preparation moulded coal is to be tackiness agent with clay, after reaching the clay and pulverized anthracite mixing of coal dust weight 10-20%, adds an amount of moisture content, briquetting; Air-dry or oven drying at low temperature promptly becomes the commodity-type coal with briquetting then.This moulded coal great majority are as domestic fuel, and are industrial also with this moulded coal making CO (carbon monoxide converter) gas raw material, in order to produce synthetic ammonia.But by this technology, even hard coal is changed into bituminous coal powder, also can not produce the moulded coal that can make the hot stove reductive agent in ore deposit, reason is: (1) clay cohesive force is low, and consumption is big, all becomes impurity behind the hot stove in input ore deposit, enters product, has a strong impact on quality product; (2) traditional briquette strength is low, and easy fragmentation becomes fritter behind the hot stove in input ore deposit, stops up bed of material pore; When (3) being used as fuel and production carbon monoxide, the moulded coal skeleton that is made of clay helps oxygen and contacts with the coal grain, oxidizing reaction takes place, generate carbon monoxide, but after it was dropped into the hot stove in ore deposit, this clay skeleton will hinder and stop the coal grain to contact with solid-state or liquid metal oxide, and reduction reaction can't be carried out, hinder the hot stove production in ore deposit, reaction is stagnated.Therefore, use traditional technology can't prepare the moulded coal reductive agent furnace charge that is fit to the hot stove production in ore deposit usefulness.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of method for preparing ore deposit hot furnace pressure piece furnace charge with innocent adhesion and treatment enhancement technology.This method is that the coke briquette that raw material replaces using traditionally prepares moulded coal reductive agent briquetting furnace burden with the bituminous coal powder, and replace the lump furnace charge and the coke briquette furnace charge that use traditionally with the mixing briquetting of bituminous coal powder and ore powder, not only can reduce the furnace charge cost, can also improve the speed of reduction reaction, increase the day output of the hot stove in ore deposit, thereby reduce the current consumption of the hot stove in ore deposit product per ton.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above technical scheme of the present invention: the method for preparing ore deposit hot furnace pressure piece furnace charge with innocent adhesion and treatment enhancement technology.This method is to be raw material with the bituminous coal powder, with production process and all harmless bonding bituminous coal powder of tackiness agent or the ore powder-bituminous coal powder mixture of quality product to the hot stove in ore deposit, briquetting, behind air-dry or oven drying at low temperature, place in the hot intensive treatment stove, be heated to 200-850 ℃, insulation 5min-5h, take out, cool off, needing to obtain the hot stove production in the ore deposit briquetting furnace burden of intensity.
The above-mentioned method for preparing ore deposit hot furnace pressure piece furnace charge with innocent adhesion and treatment enhancement technology, specifically, it is to be raw material with the bituminous coal powder, uses production process and all harmless bonding bituminous coal powder of tackiness agent of quality product to the hot stove in ore deposit, briquetting, behind air-dry or oven drying at low temperature, place in the hot intensive treatment stove, be heated to 200-850 ℃, insulation 5min-5h, take out, cool off, needing promptly to obtain the hot stove production in the ore deposit moulded coal reductive agent briquetting furnace burden of intensity.
Above-mentioned prepare the method for ore deposit hot furnace pressure piece furnace charge with innocent adhesion and treatment enhancement technology, the preparation of described moulded coal reductive agent briquetting furnace burden may further comprise the steps;
(1) gets the raw materials ready: a, bituminous coal powder, according to the requirement of fixed carbon content in the smelting technology STRENGTH ON COKE and fugitive constituent, ash, fixed carbon content and the coking property of various bituminous coal, select a kind of suitable bituminous coal or use several bituminous coal to be mixed with a kind of suitable bituminous coal raw material, be crushed to granularity and be not more than 3mm;
B, tackiness agent according to adhesive capacity, unit price and service condition, are selected a kind of suitable tackiness agent, and are modulated into and need concentration;
(2) batching, briquetting, oven dry:, drop into stirrer with the bituminous coal powder of expense; Add the tackiness agent of requirement according to the intensity of the adhesive capacity of tackiness agent and clamp dog needs, block-making machine is dropped in the back that stirs, and is pressed into the bituminous coal briquetting of needs shape and size, air-dry then or oven drying at low temperature according to the requirement of smelting technology;
(3) thermal treatment strengthens: above-mentioned bituminous coal briquetting air-dry or oven dry is put into heat strengthen stove, the bituminous coal briquetting is heated to 200-850 ℃, insulation furnace charge 5min-5h takes out, cooling, and promptly getting needs the moulded coal of intensity reductive agent briquetting furnace burden.
The aforesaid method for preparing ore deposit hot furnace pressure piece furnace charge with innocent adhesion and treatment enhancement technology, specifically, it is that oxide compound breeze with bituminous coal powder and metal is a raw material, uses production process and all harmless bonding ore powder bituminous coal powder of the tackiness agent mixture of quality product to the hot stove in ore deposit, briquetting, behind air-dry or oven drying at low temperature, place in the hot intensive treatment stove, be heated to 200-850 ℃, insulation 5min-5h, take out, cool off, needing to obtain the hot stove production in the ore deposit ore deposit-coal mixing briquetting furnace burden of intensity.
Above-mentioned prepare the method for ore deposit hot furnace pressure piece furnace charge with innocent adhesion and treatment enhancement technology, the preparation of described ore deposit-coal mixing briquetting furnace burden may further comprise the steps;
(1) gets the raw materials ready: a, bituminous coal powder, according to the requirement of fixed carbon content in the smelting technology STRENGTH ON COKE and fugitive constituent, ash, fixed carbon content and the coking property of various bituminous coal, select a kind of suitable bituminous coal or use several bituminous coal to be mixed with a kind of suitable bituminous coal raw material, be crushed to granularity and be not more than 3mm;
B, ore powder according to the requirement of smelting technology to ore, are selected suitable burning ore deposit for use, are crushed to granularity and are not more than 3mm;
C, tackiness agent according to adhesive capacity, unit price and service condition, are selected a kind of suitable tackiness agent, and are modulated into and need concentration;
(2) batching, briquetting, oven dry: according to the ratio requirement of smelting technology to burning ore deposit and fixed carbon, metal content batching in conjunction with fixed carbon content in the bituminous coal powder and burning ore deposit, and add the tackiness agent of requirement according to the intensity of the adhesive capacity of tackiness agent and clamp dog needs, back input block-making machine stirs, be pressed into the ore deposit-coal batch mixing briquetting of needs shape and size, air-dry then or oven drying at low temperature according to the requirement of smelting technology;
(3) thermal treatment strengthens: above-mentioned ore deposit-coal batch mixing briquetting air-dry or oven dry is put into heat strengthen stove, ore deposit-coal batch mixing briquetting is heated to 200-850 ℃, insulation 5min-5h takes out, and cooling promptly gets the ore deposit-coal mixing briquetting furnace burden that needs intensity.
Aforesaidly prepare the method for ore deposit hot furnace pressure piece furnace charge with innocent adhesion and treatment enhancement technology, described tackiness agent comprises modern industry and used various water-soluble organic binder bond in life, and they are:
(1), the various grain fine powders of rich in starch, comprise Semen Maydis powder, potato powder, edible flour, millet powder, rice meal, sticky rice flour, sweet potato powder, bajiao banana taro powder, Tapioca Starch or fern powder;
(2) animal colloid class comprises carpenter's glue, gelatin or gelatine;
(3) chemosynthesis glue comprises polyvinyl alcohol, and commercially available paper tackiness agent and carpenter be with white glue with vinyl and urea-formaldehyde resin, or polyvinyl formal, polyvinyl alcohol contract first, acetaldehyde, polyvinyl butyral acetal class water-borne coatings glue;
(4) other classes comprise coal tar, and the tankage-sugar ether of sugar production.
The aforesaid method for preparing ore deposit hot furnace pressure piece furnace charge with innocent adhesion and treatment enhancement technology, specifically, it is to be raw material with the bituminous coal powder, is the bonding bituminous coal powder of tackiness agent with dry hydrate, briquetting, behind air-dry or oven drying at low temperature, place in the hot intensive treatment stove, be heated to 200-850 ℃, insulation 5min-5h, take out, cool off, needing to obtain the industrial calcic moulded coal of the calcium carbide reductive agent briquetting furnace burden of intensity.
Above-mentioned prepare the method for ore deposit hot furnace pressure piece furnace charge with innocent adhesion and treatment enhancement technology, the preparation of the industrial calcic moulded coal of described calcium carbide reductive agent briquetting furnace burden may further comprise the steps;
(1) gets the raw materials ready: a, bituminous coal powder, according to the requirement of fixed carbon content in the calcium carbide smelting technology STRENGTH ON COKE and fugitive constituent, ash, fixed carbon content and the coking property of various bituminous coal, select a kind of suitable bituminous coal or use several bituminous coal to be mixed with a kind of suitable bituminous coal raw material, be crushed to granularity and be not more than 3mm;
B, dry hydrate, the content of pressing calcium hydroxide in the butt calculating white lime should be crushed to granularity and be not more than 60 orders greater than 95%;
(2) batching, briquetting, oven dry:, drop into stirrer with the bituminous coal powder of expense; The dry hydrate that adds requirement according to the intensity of the adhesive capacity of white lime and clamp dog needs, add suitable quantity of water again, drop into block-making machine behind the mixing, be pressed into the calcium-coal batch mixing briquetting of needs shape and size, air-dry then or oven drying at low temperature according to the requirement of calcium carbide smelting technology;
(3) thermal treatment strengthens: above-mentioned calcium-coal batch mixing briquetting input heat air-dry or oven dry is strengthened stove, be heated to 200-850 ℃, insulation 5min-5h takes out, and cools off, and needing to obtain the industrial calcic moulded coal of the calcium carbide reductive agent briquetting furnace burden of intensity.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: compared with prior art, the present invention is production process and the harmless bonding bituminous coal powder of using the hot stove in ore deposit of tackiness agent of quality product, or ore powder-bituminous coal powder mixture, briquetting, through thermal treatment enhancing under 200-850 ℃ of temperature behind air-dry or the oven drying at low temperature, to increase its intensity, need the moulded coal of intensity reductive agent briquetting furnace burden and ore deposit-coal mixing briquetting furnace burden thereby prepare.When thermal treatment strengthened, the coal tar decomposes in the coal grain was separated out the space that the coal intergranular is infiltrated in the back, in briquetting performance fill a vacancy, repairing, the effect of autoadhesion enhanced.During melting, the coking of bituminous coal decomposes, they are the porous coke at the preheating section of the hot stove in ore deposit with regard at first becoming, this new life's coke is because surperficial fresh reducing activity is stronger.What constitute technology of the present invention and technical foundation is: (1) is selected for use the tackiness agent of all harmless organic colloid of the production process of the hot stove in ore deposit and product as bituminous coal powder and ore powder, is transformed into the reducing power gac stronger than coke after organic colloid is subjected to pyrolytic decomposition to discharge water vapor in the hot stove in ore deposit.(2) the moulded coal briquetting that is prepared into as the bituminous coal powder tackiness agent of calcium hydroxide powder, can be used as the reductive agent furnace charge of calcium carbide industry, calcium hydroxide just is transformed into the raw material calcium oxide that needs when preparing calcium carbide after decomposes is emitted water vapor in the hot stove in ore deposit, reacts for Ca (OH)
2-H
2O → CaO.
Compare with traditional technology, the present invention uses moulded coal reductive agent briquetting furnace burden and can save reductive agent furnace charge expense 50% than using the coke briquette furnace charge, and use ore deposit-coal mixing briquetting furnace burden to replace lump and coke briquette furnace charge, not only can reduce outside the reductive agent furnace charge cost 50%, can also improve the hot stove day output in ore deposit, reduce the current consumption of the hot stove product in ore deposit per ton simultaneously.
Characteristics of the present invention: 1, with the bonding bituminous coal powder of innocent adhesion agent, briquetting obtains being fit to the moulded coal reductive agent briquetting furnace burden that the hot stove in ore deposit uses after thermal treatment strengthens, and the coke for replacing piece can be saved reductive agent furnace charge expense 50%.2, with the bonding ore powder of innocent adhesion agent-bituminous coal powder mixture, briquetting obtains being fit to the briquetting furnace burden that the hot stove in ore deposit uses after thermal treatment strengthens, replace massive ore furnace charge and coke briquette furnace charge in the traditional technology operation, both can save reductive agent furnace charge expense 50%, can also improve the hot stove day output in ore deposit, reduce the power consumption of product per ton.The treatment enhancement technology of mentioning among the present invention is: dry good bituminous coal briquetting or ore deposit-coal batch mixing briquetting are placed in the hot intensive treatment stove, be heated to 200-850 ℃, insulation 5min-5h takes out, and needing promptly to obtain the briquetting furnace burden of intensity after the cooling.Experiment showed, with fugitive constituent be 15.5%, ash is 10.2%, fixed carbon content is that 74.8% bituminous coal powder is made moulded coal reductive agent briquetting furnace burden by the method that the present invention prepares moulded coal reductive agent briquetting furnace burden, tries out in the hot stove in the industrial ore deposit of ferrosilicon, and is respond well.And prepare the calcic moulded coal reductive agent briquetting furnace burden that can use for industry by the method that the present invention prepares the industrial calcic moulded coal of calcium carbide reductive agent briquetting furnace burden, and wherein the content of fixed carbon is 80.3%, calcium oxide content is 3.8%.
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with embodiment.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1.Preparation moulded coal reductive agent briquetting furnace burden.Realize (to be example) by following step with Starch Adhesive:
(1) gets the raw materials ready: a, bituminous coal powder, according to the requirement of fixed carbon content in the smelting technology STRENGTH ON COKE and fugitive constituent, ash, fixed carbon content and the coking property of various bituminous coal, select a kind of suitable bituminous coal or use several bituminous coal to be mixed with a kind of suitable bituminous coal raw material, be crushed to granularity and be not more than 3mm;
B, starch paste, according to multiple factors such as the adhesive capacity of various starch, unit price, service conditions, select a kind of grain fine powder of rich in starch to make tackiness agent, the grain fine powder of requirement is dropped into container, add an amount of cold water earlier, transfer to loose, add again requirement water furnishing grain grain weight amount/water weight is the thin pulp of 1-10%, be heated to water and boil, the paste that stirs is standby;
(2) batching, briquetting, oven dry:, drop into stirrer with the bituminous coal powder of expense; Add the starch paste of requirement according to the intensity of the adhesive capacity of starch paste and clamp dog needs, drop into block-making machine, be pressed into the bituminous coal briquetting of needs shape and size, air-dry then or oven drying at low temperature according to the requirement of smelting technology with the bituminous coal powder back that stirs;
(3) thermal treatment strengthens: above-mentioned bituminous coal briquetting air-dry or oven dry is put into heat strengthen stove, the bituminous coal briquetting is heated to 200-850 ℃, insulation furnace charge 5min-5h takes out, cooling, and promptly getting needs the moulded coal of intensity reductive agent briquetting furnace burden.
Embodiment 2.Preparation ore deposit-coal mixing briquetting furnace burden.Realize (to be example) by following step with Starch Adhesive:
(1) gets the raw materials ready: a, bituminous coal powder, according to the requirement of fixed carbon content in the smelting technology STRENGTH ON COKE and fugitive constituent, ash, fixed carbon content and the coking property of various bituminous coal, select a kind of suitable bituminous coal or use several bituminous coal to be mixed with a kind of suitable bituminous coal raw material, be crushed to granularity and be not more than 3mm;
B, ore powder according to the requirement of smelting technology to ore, are selected suitable burning ore deposit for use, are crushed to granularity and are not more than 3mm;
C, starch paste, according to multiple factors such as the adhesive capacity of various starch, unit price, service conditions, select a kind of grain fine powder of rich in starch to make tackiness agent, the grain fine powder of requirement is dropped into container, add an amount of cold water earlier, transfer to loose, add again requirement water furnishing grain grain weight amount/water weight is the thin pulp of 1-10%, be heated to water and boil, the paste that stirs is standby;
(2) batching, briquetting, oven dry: according to the ratio requirement of smelting technology to burning ore deposit and fixed carbon, metal content batching in conjunction with fixed carbon content in the bituminous coal powder and burning ore deposit, and add the starch paste of requirement according to the intensity of the adhesive capacity of starch paste and clamp dog needs, drop into block-making machine with bituminous coal powder, the ore powder back that stirs, be pressed into the ore deposit-coal batch mixing briquetting of needs shape and size, air-dry then or oven drying at low temperature according to the requirement of smelting technology;
(3) thermal treatment strengthens: above-mentioned ore deposit-coal batch mixing briquetting air-dry or oven dry is put into heat strengthen stove, ore deposit-coal batch mixing briquetting is heated to 200-850 ℃, insulation 5min-5h takes out, and cooling promptly gets the ore deposit-coal mixing briquetting furnace burden that needs intensity.
Embodiment 3.The special-purpose moulded coal reductive agent briquetting furnace burden of preparation calcium carbide industry.Realize by following step:
(1) gets the raw materials ready: a, bituminous coal powder, according to the requirement of fixed carbon content in the calcium carbide smelting technology STRENGTH ON COKE and fugitive constituent, ash, fixed carbon content and the coking property of various bituminous coal, select a kind of suitable bituminous coal or use several bituminous coal to be mixed with a kind of suitable bituminous coal raw material, be crushed to granularity and be not more than 3mm;
B, dry hydrate, the content of pressing calcium hydroxide in the butt calculating white lime should be crushed to granularity and be not more than 60 orders greater than 95%;
(2) batching, briquetting, oven dry:, drop into stirrer with the bituminous coal powder of expense; The dry hydrate that adds requirement according to the intensity of the adhesive capacity of white lime and clamp dog needs, add suitable quantity of water again, drop into block-making machine behind the mixing, be pressed into the calcium-coal batch mixing briquetting of needs shape and size, air-dry then or oven drying at low temperature according to the requirement of calcium carbide smelting technology;
(3) thermal treatment strengthens: above-mentioned calcium-coal batch mixing briquetting air-dry or oven dry is dropped into heat strengthen stove, be heated to 200-850 ℃, insulation 5min-5h takes out, and cooling promptly gets the industrial calcic moulded coal of the calcium carbide that needs intensity reductive agent briquetting furnace burden.The consumption of white lime depends primarily on its adhesive capacity and the intensity of clamp dog needs.
Used tackiness agent can be modern industry and used various water-soluble organic binder bond in life in the foregoing description 1,2, they are: the various grain fine powders of (1), rich in starch comprise Semen Maydis powder, potato powder, edible flour, millet powder, rice meal, sticky rice flour, sweet potato powder, bajiao banana taro powder, Tapioca Starch or fern powder; (2) animal colloid class comprises carpenter's glue, gelatin or gelatine; (3) chemosynthesis glue comprises polyvinyl alcohol, and commercially available paper tackiness agent and carpenter be with white glue with vinyl and urea-formaldehyde resin, or polyvinyl formal, polyvinyl alcohol contract first, acetaldehyde, polyvinyl butyral acetal class water-borne coatings glue; (4) other classes comprise coal tar, and the tankage-sugar ether of sugar production.Their using method is dried glue and water to be mixed with to become water-soluble dilute solution earlier, mix with bituminous coal powder or with the mixture of ore-bituminous coal powder again, briquetting, the consumption of organic gel is dried glue weight/bituminous coal powder weight=0.05-5%, or dried glue weight/(ore powder+bituminous coal powder weight)=0.05-5%.
Claims (8)
1. method for preparing ore deposit hot furnace pressure piece furnace charge with innocent adhesion and treatment enhancement technology, it is characterized in that: it is to be raw material with the bituminous coal powder, with production process and all harmless bonding bituminous coal powder of tackiness agent or the ore powder bituminous coal powder mixture of quality product to the hot stove in ore deposit, briquetting is behind air-dry or oven drying at low temperature, place in the hot intensive treatment stove, be heated to 200-850 ℃, insulation 5min-5h takes out, cool off, needing to obtain the hot stove production in the ore deposit briquetting furnace burden of intensity.
2. the method for preparing ore deposit hot furnace pressure piece furnace charge with innocent adhesion and treatment enhancement technology according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: it is to be raw material with the bituminous coal powder, with production process and all harmless bonding bituminous coal powder of tackiness agent of quality product to the hot stove in ore deposit, briquetting is behind air-dry or oven drying at low temperature, place in the hot intensive treatment stove, be heated to 200-850 ℃, insulation 5min-5h takes out, cool off, needing to obtain the hot stove production in the ore deposit moulded coal reductive agent briquetting furnace burden of intensity.
3. according to claim 2ly prepare the method for ore deposit hot furnace pressure piece furnace charge with innocent adhesion and treatment enhancement technology, it is characterized in that: the preparation of described moulded coal reductive agent briquetting furnace burden may further comprise the steps;
(1) gets the raw materials ready: a, bituminous coal powder, according to the requirement of fixed carbon content in the smelting technology STRENGTH ON COKE and fugitive constituent, ash, fixed carbon content and the coking property of various bituminous coal, select a kind of suitable bituminous coal or use several bituminous coal to be mixed with a kind of suitable bituminous coal raw material, be crushed to granularity and be not more than 3mm;
B, tackiness agent according to adhesive capacity, unit price and service condition, are selected a kind of suitable tackiness agent, and are modulated into and need concentration;
(2) batching, briquetting, oven dry:, drop into stirrer with the bituminous coal powder of expense; Add the tackiness agent of requirement according to the intensity of the adhesive capacity of tackiness agent and clamp dog needs, block-making machine is dropped in the back that stirs, and is pressed into the bituminous coal briquetting of needs shape and size, air-dry then or oven drying at low temperature according to the requirement of smelting technology;
(3) thermal treatment strengthens: above-mentioned bituminous coal briquetting air-dry or oven dry is put into heat strengthen stove, the bituminous coal briquetting is heated to 200-850 ℃, insulation furnace charge 5min-5h takes out, cooling, and promptly getting needs the moulded coal of intensity reductive agent briquetting furnace burden.
4. the method for preparing ore deposit hot furnace pressure piece furnace charge with innocent adhesion and treatment enhancement technology according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: it is that oxide compound breeze with bituminous coal powder and metal is a raw material, with production process and all harmless bonding ore powder of the tackiness agent-bituminous coal powder mixture of quality product to the hot stove in ore deposit, briquetting, behind air-dry or oven drying at low temperature, place in the hot intensive treatment stove, be heated to 200-850 ℃, insulation 5min-5h, take out, cooling, the hot stove production in ore deposit that needing to obtain intensity is with pit coal mixing briquetting furnace burden.
5. according to claim 4ly prepare the method for ore deposit hot furnace pressure piece furnace charge with innocent adhesion and treatment enhancement technology, it is characterized in that: the preparation of described pit coal mixing briquetting furnace burden may further comprise the steps;
(1) gets the raw materials ready: a, bituminous coal powder, according to the requirement of fixed carbon content in the smelting technology STRENGTH ON COKE and fugitive constituent, ash, fixed carbon content and the coking property of various bituminous coal, select a kind of suitable bituminous coal or use several bituminous coal to be mixed with a kind of suitable bituminous coal raw material, be crushed to granularity and be not more than 3mm;
B, ore powder according to the requirement of smelting technology to ore, are selected suitable burning ore deposit for use, are crushed to granularity and are not more than 3mm;
C, tackiness agent according to adhesive capacity, unit price and service condition, are selected a kind of suitable tackiness agent, and are modulated into the concentration that needs;
(2) batching, briquetting, oven dry: according to the ratio requirement of smelting technology to burning ore deposit and fixed carbon, metal content batching in conjunction with fixed carbon content in the bituminous coal powder and burning ore deposit, and add the tackiness agent of requirement according to the intensity of the adhesive capacity of tackiness agent and clamp dog needs, back input block-making machine stirs, be pressed into the pit coal batch mixing briquetting of needs shape and size, air-dry then or oven drying at low temperature according to the requirement of smelting technology;
(3) thermal treatment strengthens: above-mentioned ore deposit-coal batch mixing briquetting air-dry or oven dry is put into heat strengthen stove, ore deposit-coal batch mixing briquetting is heated to 200-850 ℃, insulation 5min-5h takes out, and cooling promptly gets the ore deposit-coal mixing briquetting furnace burden that needs intensity.
6. according to any described method for preparing ore deposit hot furnace pressure piece furnace charge with innocent adhesion and treatment enhancement technology among the claim 2-5, it is characterized in that: described tackiness agent comprises modern industry and used various water-soluble organic binder bond in life, and they are:
(1), the various grain fine powders of rich in starch, comprise Semen Maydis powder, potato powder, edible flour, millet powder, rice meal, sticky rice flour, sweet potato powder, bajiao banana taro powder, Tapioca Starch or fern powder;
(2) animal colloid class comprises carpenter's glue, gelatin or gelatine;
(3) chemosynthesis glue comprises polyvinyl alcohol, and commercially available paper tackiness agent and carpenter be with white glue with vinyl and urea-formaldehyde resin, or polyvinyl formal, polyvinyl alcohol contract first, acetaldehyde, polyvinyl butyral acetal class water-borne coatings glue;
(4) other classes comprise coal tar, and the tankage-sugar ether of sugar production.
7. the method for preparing ore deposit hot furnace pressure piece furnace charge with innocent adhesion and treatment enhancement technology according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: it is to be raw material with the bituminous coal powder, with dry hydrate is the bonding bituminous coal powder of tackiness agent, and briquetting is behind air-dry or oven drying at low temperature, place in the hot intensive treatment stove, be heated to 200-850 ℃, insulation 5min-5h takes out, cool off, needing to obtain the industrial calcic moulded coal of the calcium carbide reductive agent briquetting furnace burden of intensity.
8. according to claim 7ly prepare the method for ore deposit hot furnace pressure piece furnace charge with innocent adhesion and treatment enhancement technology, it is characterized in that: the preparation of the industrial calcic moulded coal of described calcium carbide reductive agent briquetting furnace burden may further comprise the steps;
(1) gets the raw materials ready: a, bituminous coal powder, according to the requirement of fixed carbon content in the calcium carbide smelting technology STRENGTH ON COKE and fugitive constituent, ash, fixed carbon content and the coking property of various bituminous coal, select a kind of suitable bituminous coal or use several bituminous coal to be mixed with a kind of suitable bituminous coal raw material, be crushed to granularity and be not more than 3mm;
B, dry hydrate, the content of pressing calcium hydroxide in the butt calculating white lime should be crushed to granularity and be not more than 60 orders greater than 95%;
(2) batching, briquetting, oven dry:, drop into stirrer with the bituminous coal powder of expense; The dry hydrate that adds requirement according to the intensity of the adhesive capacity of white lime and clamp dog needs, add suitable quantity of water again, drop into block-making machine behind the mixing, be pressed into the calcium coal batch mixing briquetting of needs shape and size, air-dry then or oven drying at low temperature according to the requirement of calcium carbide smelting technology;
(3) thermal treatment strengthens: above-mentioned calcium coal batch mixing briquetting air-dry or oven dry is dropped into heat strengthen stove, be heated to 200-850 ℃, insulation 5min-5h takes out, and cooling promptly gets the industrial calcic moulded coal of the calcium carbide that needs intensity reductive agent briquetting furnace burden.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN200910311081A CN101724747A (en) | 2009-12-08 | 2009-12-08 | Method for preparing briquetting furnace burden of submerged arc furnace with innocent adhesion and thermal treatment enhancement technology |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN200910311081A CN101724747A (en) | 2009-12-08 | 2009-12-08 | Method for preparing briquetting furnace burden of submerged arc furnace with innocent adhesion and thermal treatment enhancement technology |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101724747A true CN101724747A (en) | 2010-06-09 |
Family
ID=42446291
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN200910311081A Pending CN101724747A (en) | 2009-12-08 | 2009-12-08 | Method for preparing briquetting furnace burden of submerged arc furnace with innocent adhesion and thermal treatment enhancement technology |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN101724747A (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104004906A (en) * | 2014-03-12 | 2014-08-27 | 北京宇航同辉能源科技有限公司 | Pellet additive and preparation method thereof |
| CN104449077A (en) * | 2014-12-18 | 2015-03-25 | 贵州科新应化工贸有限公司 | Environment-friendly coating |
| CN109054685A (en) * | 2018-09-13 | 2018-12-21 | 黄元金 | Coke powder adhesive, suitable for the focal sphere and preparation method thereof of closed calcium carbide furnace production, closed calcium carbide furnace calcium carbide production method |
| CN113699377A (en) * | 2021-08-18 | 2021-11-26 | 重庆富燃科技股份有限公司 | Special filler applied to metal smelting |
| CN114249320A (en) * | 2022-01-10 | 2022-03-29 | 宁夏捷成新材料科技有限公司 | Preparation process of desulfurization and denitrification active coke based on bituminous coal and biological binder |
| CN115386724A (en) * | 2022-08-20 | 2022-11-25 | 张至德 | Production method of furnace material block for ferrosilicon production |
-
2009
- 2009-12-08 CN CN200910311081A patent/CN101724747A/en active Pending
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104004906A (en) * | 2014-03-12 | 2014-08-27 | 北京宇航同辉能源科技有限公司 | Pellet additive and preparation method thereof |
| CN104449077A (en) * | 2014-12-18 | 2015-03-25 | 贵州科新应化工贸有限公司 | Environment-friendly coating |
| CN109054685A (en) * | 2018-09-13 | 2018-12-21 | 黄元金 | Coke powder adhesive, suitable for the focal sphere and preparation method thereof of closed calcium carbide furnace production, closed calcium carbide furnace calcium carbide production method |
| CN113699377A (en) * | 2021-08-18 | 2021-11-26 | 重庆富燃科技股份有限公司 | Special filler applied to metal smelting |
| CN114249320A (en) * | 2022-01-10 | 2022-03-29 | 宁夏捷成新材料科技有限公司 | Preparation process of desulfurization and denitrification active coke based on bituminous coal and biological binder |
| CN115386724A (en) * | 2022-08-20 | 2022-11-25 | 张至德 | Production method of furnace material block for ferrosilicon production |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN100355868C (en) | Clean briquette for producing chemical fertilizer gas and its prepn process and application | |
| JP5729582B2 (en) | Production of iron using environmentally friendly renewable reducing agents or regenerative reducing agents | |
| CN101724747A (en) | Method for preparing briquetting furnace burden of submerged arc furnace with innocent adhesion and thermal treatment enhancement technology | |
| CN103708455A (en) | Method for preparing calcium carbide | |
| CN102225765A (en) | Mixed pellets composed of fine coal powder and limestone powder for producing calcium carbide | |
| CN101792685A (en) | Method for pressing semicoke powder used for producing calcium carbide | |
| CN114686643A (en) | Composite slagging heat-compensating agent for smelting converter with large scrap steel ratio and preparation and use methods thereof | |
| CN112591723A (en) | Method for producing powdered rock phosphate pellets by using low-grade powdered rock phosphate | |
| CN106119533A (en) | The preparation method of red mud carbonaceous pelletizing and preparation system | |
| CN103803552B (en) | Preparation method of industrial silicon smelting reducer | |
| CN101691621B (en) | Method of producing sponge iron from carbon dedusting ash and iron scales | |
| CN101486936A (en) | Method for preparing clean molded coal from pulverized coal | |
| CN102443674B (en) | Silicon carbide pellet and purpose of pellet as temperature improving agent in converter smelting process | |
| CN101070498A (en) | Method for preparing shaped-coal using coal or charcoal as raw material and adding additives | |
| CN101037632A (en) | Composite coal binder for lime vertical kiln | |
| CN102296145B (en) | New application of fungus residue and heat-insulating covering agent for metallurgical industry | |
| CN106010707A (en) | Forming method of semicoke powder and quicklime powder | |
| CN101619386B (en) | A kind of iron coke for blast furnace and its preparation and application | |
| CN101348741A (en) | Boiler molded coal and preparation thereof | |
| CN101020960B (en) | A kind of pellet for smelting aluminum-silicon alloy and preparation method thereof | |
| CN112980481A (en) | Method for preparing high-reactivity coke from steel slag | |
| CN103965929B (en) | A kind of method that raising high volatile does not stick bituminous coal consumption in process of coking | |
| CN102249232A (en) | Method for synthesizing calcium carbide smelting raw material by extruding blue coke and lime powder | |
| CN110467953A (en) | The method for producing clean formed coke based on waterglass transition state binder | |
| CN1039131C (en) | Gasifying briquette for chemical fertilizer |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication |