CN101713639B - radio telescope co-phase detection method based on four-point support of quadrilateral subpanel - Google Patents
radio telescope co-phase detection method based on four-point support of quadrilateral subpanel Download PDFInfo
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- CN101713639B CN101713639B CN 200910212710 CN200910212710A CN101713639B CN 101713639 B CN101713639 B CN 101713639B CN 200910212710 CN200910212710 CN 200910212710 CN 200910212710 A CN200910212710 A CN 200910212710A CN 101713639 B CN101713639 B CN 101713639B
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Abstract
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind ofly detect and bearing calibrations, be highly suitable for the detection of splicing common phase and the correction of the radio panel of radio telescope and millimeter/submillimeter-wave telescope based on the point-supported radio telescopes splicing of quadrilateral sub-panel four common phases.
Background technology
Radio telescope has very heavy caliber usually, its antenna (main panel) is spliced by small panel in enormous quantities usually, form by the panel splicing of several thousand one meter magnitudes such as 65 meters bore radio telescope antennas, install and drop in the commencement of commercial operation process at this radio telescope, under the influence of outside gravity and wind-force etc., carrying, all must guarantee its paraboloidal whole face type in allowed limits.Except the support guarantor type design of considering antenna back frame, it also is the key component of radio telescope design and running that panel splicing in enormous quantities detects.
Radio telescope more and more requires from developing towards the adjustment of dynamic real-time face type based on the Passive Control on the mathematical model, and this just needs a kind of real-time detection technique, can be evaluated at the real-time face type under any zenith distance.The panel detection of radio telescope is one of gordian technique of real-time radio telescope panel splicing, and radio telescope is because wave band and optical infrared telescope are different, and the requirement of the surface figure accuracy of its primary mirror (antenna) also greatly differs from each other.According to the diffraction conditions surface figure accuracy require be 20 minutes to a wavelength, about 0.2 millimeter of submillimeter region minimal wave length, the requirement of panel splicing common phase is 20 fens root-mean-square values to a wavelength, i.e. 10 microns of surface figure accuracy.This and optical infrared wave band (surface figure accuracy such as 27.5 nanometers of visible light 550 nano wave lengths requires) have loosened hundred times.Usually radio telescope uses said method when Installation and Debugging, carry out panel adjustment and calibration in middle zenith distance/elevation angle, make the panel precision reach 1/20th wavelength, no longer the counter plate precision is measured in real time and is adjusted in formal the use, and just guarantees by telescopical supported design.
Common radio telescope panel detection and method of adjustment mainly contain optical means, radio holography method, laser measurement method etc.Wherein, transit, laser tracker, laser total station, laser range finder or the like method, under certain attitude of rigid telescope (such as the panel level towards the sky or vertically towards level) they all are to have the ability that can detect and adjust panel, make panel reach the design tolerance index, be mainly used in integral panels SHAPE DETECTION and demarcation before coming into operation after panel is installed, shortcoming is exactly target and a retroeflector, not real-time loaded down with trivial details, that batch detection needs auxiliary usefulness in enormous quantities; The radio holography method uses synchronous satellite, astronomy or RENGONGSHE power supply to measure the wavefront of entire antenna, only need utilize the receiver (preferably frequency approaches the antenna frequencies upper limit) of telescope itself, hardware device requires simple, but it is not real-time, can only on several elevation angles, mate length consuming time; And other photographic process precision can only reach 0.1 millimeter, and the imaging detection method of visible light wave range is because the low relatively precision and the seeing problem of radio wavelength band aerial panel here can not be suitable for.
Common radio and optical telescope panel-shaped have two kinds of triangular form and sexangles, and they all adopt supported at three point, and degree of freedom is many, and each panel all needs to detect during use, has the petal effect.Require height different with the support of optical telescope, all more shared usually support of the adjacent panels of radio telescope.
The common drawback of above-mentioned radio telescope reflecting surface detection method is: the reflecting surface that only is fit to single or certain several height and position detects and checks, can't detect and guarantee it in real time at the surface figure accuracy through demarcating that installation is adjusted in the radio telescope course of work, the workload that mass detects in real time is heavy especially.
Summary of the invention
Above-mentioned antenna reflective face detects and the real-time and not heavy shortcoming of method of adjustment in order to overcome, the present invention is directed to the radio telescope parabola antenna, by simple technological design, cost realizes that than the lowland the real-time splicing of panel detects and adjusts in batches, the invention provides a kind of design of splicing common phase detection method of adjustment based on quadrilateral sub-panel four point-supported radio telescopes in real time.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: a kind of based on quadrilateral sub-panel four point-supported radio telescope common phase detection methods, it is characterized in that step is as follows:
(1). settle target on the sub-panel of an at least one full line of center of antenna and a permutation, described target can be a laser beam emitting device, or laser reflective film, or catoptron;
(2). utilize high-precision rotation spotting scaming laser receiver or spotting scaming Laser emission receiving trap, at least the target on the sub-panel of a full line at scanning antenna center and a permutation; And the position by high-precision scrambler recording laser emitter (height and orientation), for whole real-time automatic scanning lays the foundation;
(3). by the angle-data that obtains this full line and a permutation is handled in the measurement with the image patch positional information of the splicing target surface of laser-bounce device translation rotation;
(4). utilize the mathematical method direct derivation to go out the surface figure accuracy of the position deviation of all panels, whole splicing antenna and the reduction that needs to proofread and correct the needed strong point displacement actuator of this surface figure accuracy.
Prioritization scheme of the present invention has:
Described step (1), step (2) and step (3) replace with:
(1). on the sub-panel of a diameter of center of antenna, settle target;
(2). along vergence direction scanning, only need to scan the orientation of a diameter, each panel can calculate simultaneously that (Xi Yi), can carry out the detection and the correction of whole aerial panels equally;
(3). by the angle-data that obtains a diameter is handled in the measurement with the image patch positional information of the splicing target surface of laser-bounce device translation rotation.
The precision of panel itself comprises gravity deformation etc., should be able to be higher than the surface figure accuracy of reflecting surface far away, does not detect within the limit of consideration at panel splicing.The present invention such as Fig. 1, by adopting quadrilateral four point-supported panels, utilize quadrilateral panel four point-supported characteristics, adopt laser and target device thereof to carry out the scanning of delegation and row in the direction on two limits of quadrilateral, at the position deviation of target surface place Laser Measurement image patch with the period of demarcation, thereby obtain the change of the angle of each panel, and the anti-quadrilateral panel of releasing supports needed reduction, thereby finally realize the real-time detection of whole splicing antenna and keep correction; By increasing the translation freedoms of two direction of scanning of target surface, can realize further that the absolute parabola of whole splicing antenna detects in real time and proofreaies and correct in addition.The present invention proposes with innovating and has utilized quadrilateral panel four point-supported laser scanning detection systems, can obtain the surface figure accuracy of whole splicing antenna easily by the scanning to a full line and a permutation.
After the whole panels of antenna are installed the demarcation good position, at quadrilateral panel and four point-supported conceptual designs, only need the tiltangle of measuring center row and central series top panel this moment, as Fig. 2, can calculate the position and the form accuracy of whole panels of whole splicing antenna by following formula (1) rule.
X i＝-Width*θ Xi
Y i＝-Height*θ Yj (1)
Xi (i=-n...n) wherein, Yj (j=-m...m) is respectively the reduction of the displacement actuator of central row and central series supporting point position, and this moment, there be 2n panel in center delegation, and 2m panel shown at center one; And θ Xi(i=-n...n), θ Yj(j=-m...m) be respectively the error that central row and central series panel tilt; Heart panel (n=m=0) is made as demarcates the reference panel.
For laser scanning system, as Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, can be designed to laser instrument and target surface spotting scaming together, carry out the scanning on horizontal direction and the vertical direction, the target catoptron on each panel makes hot spot return target surface through adjusting; The position of target surface system by level crossing on each panel of high-precision sensor record (highly, position angle and translation) is so that real time scan automatically in the operational process.Certainly also can adopt the similar device of common laser pen for laser beam emitting device, lay on each panel, and adjust and to make laser can arrive target surface, open and other panel with laser closes and target surface scanning system by control laser on front panel, realize detecting line by line.
For mate tens meters apart from common laser possible disperse effect, can adopt the method for splicing target surface such as Fig. 5, by adopting the optical element of sensitization, splice, thereby obtain the target surface bigger than conventional camera.In addition,, also can adopt splicing target surface, correspond respectively to the inclination of measuring center row and central series as Fig. 6 in order to simplify the target surface splicing.If the target surface system is bigger, and adopts and place the Laser emission device on each panel, then the target surface system need not to scan, and fixed static gets final product.As for the position of round image patch on the target surface, can calculate apart from, gravity model appoach even according to light spot shape by second order and try to achieve.
The target surface design analysis, such as 50 meters submillimeter-wave telescopes, wavelength is the shortest to be 0.2 millimeter (the long more requirement of wavelength is low more), common phase require antenna surface figure accuracy root-mean-square value be 20 minutes to a wavelength, i.e. 10 microns.Suppose that the antenna radius-of-curvature is 50 meters, one meter magnitude of panel size, the height of 10 microns then corresponding to 2 rads pitch angle, requires also very lowly to the angle precision of the scrambler of rotation sweep, and 1 second-time gets final product; And after through 50 meters light path, the facula position deviation that causes is 500 microns, promptly 0.5 millimeter.If directly adopting CCD is that target surface or CMOS are the camera of target surface, generally can obtain the center of gravity second moment bearing accuracy of 1/10th pixels at least, and this type of camera pixel only is a micron dimension, is higher than accuracy requirement certainly far away, and just measurement range is less than normal.If adopt the splicing photo-sensitive cell still can guarantee 1/10th bearing accuracy (unit is the photo-sensitive cell size), then photo-sensitive cell size can be 0.5 millimeter * 10, i.e. 5 millimeters.Carry out the system of spotting scaming for laser instrument with target surface, optical path length doubles, and this moment, the size of photosensitive unit can double as 10 millimeters, and this class component is not difficult to realize.
The present invention has the ability to the scanning and the detection of the whole panels of antenna.Although because only need the panel of scanning center's ranks, and measure its angle deviating, the high precision rotating mechanism can separately be realized, realizes respectively designing the scanning of row and the scanning of row with simplified system.
Above-mentionedly illustrated that the present invention after the aerial panel Installation and Debugging become theoretical parabola, proofreaies and correct by the high and low position of the relative strong point, can successfully keep and keep the parabolic shape and the precision thereof of this demarcation.In order to realize absolute parabola correction further, need target surface is in increases by two orthogonal directions outside two rotary freedoms position freedom, this both direction is consistent with the direction on two limits of panel.Because measure in the paraboloidal center of curvature, parabolic because the influence of its spherical aberration departs from respect to having normal near sphere at each panel target correspondence position, this normal departs from for detecting target surface, can produce locational translation.By the position translation degree of freedom of above-mentioned increase, promptly target surface can carry out translation along the panel detection direction, to eliminate the influence of the normal deviation that this test surface Board position place spherical aberration brings.The translation mechanism of this translation freedoms can be easy to guarantee that the target on the panel is also very simple by increasing its precision of displacement sensing mechanism, as long as inspection positions is sticked reflectance coating.
Certainly in order to save scanning times and relevant cost thereof, also can scan along vergence direction, only need to scan the orientation of a diameter, each panel can calculate simultaneously that (Xi Yi), can carry out the detection and the correction of whole aerial panels equally.Difference is both direction separate detection and detection simultaneously just, and precision and indifference detect and proofread and correct for absolute parabola certainly, eliminate the efficient error that spherical aberration causes, the vergence direction scanning errors can be slightly larger slightly, and realization is difficulty also; In addition dip sweeping need be on panel rather than face plate edge target is installed, estimate relatively difficulty.So tending to target usually is installed in panel ranks analytically and scans respectively.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows, provide a kind of the splicing in real time based on quadrilateral sub-panel four point-supported radio telescopes of the cheap easily row of a kind of novelty to detect and the bearing calibration scheme, the splicing that is highly suitable for the radio panel of radio telescope and millimeter/submillimeter-wave telescope detects.Utilize the geometrical optics scanning theory, realized radio telescope is spliced the panel detection and the correction of antenna by the process of suggestion.Principle is understood, and is simple in structure, with low cost.Owing to adopted splicing panel and splicing target surface, can realize real-time panel detection and real-time compensation correction, move towards real-time active panel for passive type aerial panel by traditional radio telescope, improve and real-time ensuring the performance and the precision of radio telescope, implementing process is simple, reduce labour intensity, and then reduced cost.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 detects configuration-system light path synoptic diagram;
Fig. 2 quadrilateral panel is found the solution synoptic diagram (determining that promptly face shape is separated definite as long as the deviation Xi of central row and central series and Yi detect);
The laser scanning system synoptic diagram of Fig. 3 multi-laser (the parabolic correction of absolute antenna needs to increase the target surface translation freedoms);
The laser scanning system synoptic diagram of Fig. 4 list laser instrument (the parabolic correction of absolute antenna needs to increase the target surface translation freedoms);
Fig. 5 splices big target surface synoptic diagram (splicing of sensitization small components);
Fig. 6 ranks splicing target surface synoptic diagram.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1, and based on quadrilateral sub-panel four point-supported real-time radio telescope splicing common phase detection methods, in Fig. 1, system for antenna supervising comprises 4 supports 2 of laser scanning system 1, each panel, detected quadrilateral panel 3 and target system 4; Two kinds of laser scanning systems of Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 correspond respectively to single laser instrument and multi-laser beam system, and wherein Fig. 3 comprises: splicing antenna 5, Laser emission 6, high precision rotation sweep target surface supporting mechanism 7, target surface 8 and adjustable plane mirror target 9; Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 are respectively two kinds of splicing target surface design proposals, and Fig. 6 is the target surface design of two direction of scanning of simplification.
Be fixed in the target surface system of the rotatable spotting scaming of the center of curvature, laser and target system have only the system of the Laser emission of a plurality of simple and easy adjustable inclinations, on the panel that is installed in; Perhaps placed apart: Laser emission has only one, can rotate spotting scaming with target surface, places the facet catoptron target of adjustable inclination on the panel, and target surface is returned in laser-bounce.Carry out absolute parabola antenna if desired and detect correction, rather than the parabolic shape of only calibrating based on Installation and Debugging, need target surface mechanism to increase by two translation freedoms of vertical optical axis, by these two translation freedoms, eliminate parabolic center of curvature place on one's own initiative with respect near the slope deviation of sphere.No matter prevent on the panel that target from still being the facet catoptron, all need the adjustable laser that makes to reach on the target surface.Measure after the inclination, can be by counter reduction and the surface figure accuracy of releasing all strong point actuators of formula (1).
Embodiment 2, and is substantially the same manner as Example 1, but described step (1), step (2) and step (3) replace with: (1). on the sub-panel of a diameter of center of antenna, settle target; (2). along vergence direction scanning, only need to scan the orientation of a diameter, each panel can calculate simultaneously (Xi, Yi); (3). by the angle-data that obtains a diameter is handled in the measurement with the image patch positional information of the splicing target surface of laser-bounce device translation rotation.
Claims (4)
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Families Citing this family (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102176546B (en) * | 2011-02-01 | 2013-09-11 | 北京航空航天大学 | Method for resetting reflecting surface of antenna based on laser tracker |
| CN102589425B (en) * | 2012-01-12 | 2014-01-15 | 中国科学院国家天文台 | Measuring method for unit panel of reflecting surface of spherical radio telescope |
| CN104048620B (en) * | 2014-07-04 | 2017-03-15 | 中国科学院国家天文台南京天文光学技术研究所 | A kind of Radio Telescope Antenna face shape absolute calibration apparatus and method |
| CN104701632B (en) * | 2014-11-21 | 2017-08-11 | 贵州贵航飞机设计研究所 | The assembled method of adjustment and device of radio telescope unit panel of reflecting surface subelement |
| CN105403168B (en) * | 2015-09-18 | 2017-12-12 | 中国科学院紫金山天文台 | Low temperature face shape photogrammetric survey method |
| CN105628007B (en) * | 2016-02-04 | 2018-03-13 | 武汉大学 | A kind of sextuple high-precision rapid alignment based on zone plate, measuring system |
| CN106410364B (en) * | 2016-07-19 | 2018-12-14 | 中国科学院国家天文台 | For connecting the component of FAST radio telescope quadrangle reflecting surface unit and collar tie beam |
| CN107036550A (en) * | 2016-12-01 | 2017-08-11 | 中国科学院国家天文台南京天文光学技术研究所 | Radio astronomical telescope Active Reflector edge sensor system and its detection method |
| CN107504918B (en) * | 2017-10-23 | 2019-09-13 | 中国科学院新疆天文台 | Radio telescope surface shape measurement method and device |
| CN108287942B (en) * | 2017-12-26 | 2020-09-18 | 华中科技大学 | Optimal design method for Whiffletree supporting point position of telescope primary mirror model |
| CN109308297B (en) * | 2018-11-20 | 2020-10-27 | 中国科学院国家天文台 | Telescope reflecting surface control method based on calibration database and interpolation calculation |
| CN109737886A (en) * | 2019-02-28 | 2019-05-10 | 重庆邮电大学 | A kind of array photoelectric system for the reflecting surface connection point deformation measuring radio telescope primary antenna |
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| CN101382416A (en) * | 2008-10-08 | 2009-03-11 | 北京信息科技大学 | Non-contact six-degree of freedom micro-displacement measuring device |
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| CN101382416A (en) * | 2008-10-08 | 2009-03-11 | 北京信息科技大学 | Non-contact six-degree of freedom micro-displacement measuring device |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
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| JP特开2008-76269A 2008.04.03 |
| 杨德华等.光学拼接镜面微位移主动调节机构的设计和实测.《光学精密工程》.2005,第13卷(第2期),第191-197页. * |
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