CN101705789B - Hydraulic pulse cavitation jet well drilling method - Google Patents

Hydraulic pulse cavitation jet well drilling method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101705789B
CN101705789B CN2009101691222A CN200910169122A CN101705789B CN 101705789 B CN101705789 B CN 101705789B CN 2009101691222 A CN2009101691222 A CN 2009101691222A CN 200910169122 A CN200910169122 A CN 200910169122A CN 101705789 B CN101705789 B CN 101705789B
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pulse
fluid
liquid
resonance
cavitation
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CN101705789A (en
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李根生
牛继磊
黄中伟
史怀忠
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China University of Petroleum Beijing
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China University of Petroleum Beijing
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Abstract

The invention discloses a hydraulic pulse cavitation jet well drilling method comprising the following steps: in well drilling operation, converting continuously stable liquid flow used for shocking bottom hole into pulse resonance oscillation flowing liquid; jetting pulse resonance oscillation flowing liquid into relatively still liquid at high speed to generate a cavitation phenomenon; shocking the bottom hole in the mode of fluctuating pressure so as to reduce chip hold down effect, improve the capability of cleaning and breaking rock by jetting flow and save well drilling cost.

Description

Hydraulic pulse cavitation jet well drilling method
The application be submitted that Patent Office, application number are 200610098598.8 on July 12nd, 2006, denomination of invention divides an application for the patent application of " waterpower pulse cavitation jet well drilling device, method and drill bit ".
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of boring method, relate in particular to a kind of hydraulic pulse cavitation jet well drilling method.
Background technology
The drilling technology face to as if downhole system (from the pit shaft to the stratum).The characteristics of this object are that well is little, the ground layer depth, conditions down-hole is complicated, and cannot see, have only the down-hole drill and petroleum extraction tools could be near the object of work.Therefore, want downhole system to be carried out fine manipulation only reliable down-hole drill and petroleum extraction tools with new drilling technology.The demand of the drilling technology that development is advanced; Caused the generation of new down-hole drill and petroleum extraction tools; And the enforcement of new drilling technology; Also must rely on the down-hole drill and petroleum extraction tools of function admirable, reliable operation, and the latter's innovation will further promote the change of drilling technology again conversely.
Tradition drilling mode energy transmission, conversion, distribution and utilization in drilling process exist problems such as efficient is low always.Though the raising rate of penetration that rotary percussion drilling, downhole pressure increasing drilling well all can be in various degree, thus since its life-span and poor stability fail to use on a large scale at the scene always.Pulsing jet aided drilling technology obtained certain effect at the scene but because of its life-span shorter, thereby also have certain limitation.Pulsing jet aided drilling technology mainly be through impulse jet nozzle be used for producing pulsatile effect, be installed on the carcass of drill bit bottom.
The simple impulse jet nozzle life-span uses at the scene and has certain limitation, and along with the increase of well depth, the drill bit hydraulic energy reduces, and confined pressure increases, and the cavitation ability is corresponding to be weakened, and the jet impulse effect obviously descends; Down-hole fluid power propeller leans on the instrument piston to produce the pressure of the drill, and the waterpower pulse effect is bad; Waterpower pulse circulating valve underbalance pulse is effective, and shortcoming is a complex structure, and the solid phase particles that contains in the drilling fluid is prone to the modulator inner body is caused wearing and tearing.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the embodiment of the invention provides a kind of hydraulic pulse cavitation jet well drilling method, can improve bottom-hole flow field and bottom rock force-bearing situation, minimizing " chip hold down effect ", auxiliary rock raising rate of penetration, practices thrift drilling cost.
The embodiment of the invention provides a kind of hydraulic pulse cavitation jet well drilling method, comprising:
Step 1: in drillng operation, the area of the cross section of the flow of liquid through being used in the continous-stable that impacts the shaft bottom produces cyclically-varying, and the liquid flow of said continous-stable is changed to effect of Fluid Pulsation liquid; Said step 1 is specially: the fluid intake section of the flow of liquid of said continous-stable through the body upper end of waterpower pulse cavitation jet well drilling device gets into the diversion division of said waterpower pulse cavitation jet well drilling device; Impulse generator generation tangential force to said waterpower pulse cavitation jet well drilling device forces the inner impeller of said impulse generator to rotate the change flow area at a high speed; Make said continous-stable flowing liquid produce pulse, form said effect of Fluid Pulsation liquid;
Step 2: said effect of Fluid Pulsation liquid amplifies pulse amplitude through the pressure feedback of fluid and makes it to produce resonance, converts the pulse resonance working fluid into; Said step 2 is specially: said effect of Fluid Pulsation liquid gets into the self-oscillation chamber of said waterpower pulse cavitation jet well drilling device, amplifies and generation fluid resonance at said self-oscillation chamber, forms said pulse resonance working fluid;
Step 3: said pulse resonance working fluid is injected at a high speed in the static relatively liquid, produced cavitation phenomenon;
Step 4: make the pressure of the said pulse resonance working fluid that produces said cavitation phenomenon produce fluctuation; Make the said pulse resonance working fluid of pressure oscillation produce feedback pressure resonance; Utilize said feedback pressure resonance to produce the humorous resonance of fluid sound, improve the flow velocity of said pulse resonance working fluid, inject in the static relatively liquid and produce cavitation, make the shaft bottom produce cavitation erosion; Said pulse resonance working fluid impacts the shaft bottom with the mode of surge pressure.
According to predefined frequency the cross section of the flow of liquid of above-mentioned continous-stable is carried out periodic disturbance, be converted into effect of Fluid Pulsation liquid.
The said pulse resonance working fluid that the organ pipe resonator will flow into wherein amplifies; Produce the humorous resonance of fluid sound, said fluid high-speed jet makes the jet expansion jet become interrupted collar vortex stream; Said collar vortex stream goes from strength to strength in the high speed shear motion; Make said jet produce bigger pressure pulse, form pulsing jet, bring out the generation of cavitation.
Through the hydromechanical method of researching and analysing the waterpower pulse that obtains and cavitation jet coupling modulation mechanism; Improve on the basis of rate of penetration mechanism in conjunction with waterpower pulse and cavitation jet; Hydraulic pulse cavitation jet well drilling method of the present invention has been proposed; Wherein, cavitation jet is meant that the powerful impact force of utilizing cavity collapse to produce strengthens a kind of fluidics of jet effect, and the liquid jet under the mode of flooding mostly produces cavitation.This is that the pressure the flow-disturbing whirlpool in is lower, the interior generation of low-pressure area cavitation field because under the mode of flooding, form the flow-disturbing whirlpool in the shear layer between high-speed jet and the static relatively environmental liquids.The cavitation ring of jet can improve the density of jet, can enlarge the zone of jet crushing and cleaning again.
Hydraulic pulse cavitation jet well drilling method provided by the invention improves rate of penetration and increases the service life through improving bottom-hole flow field and bottom rock force-bearing situation; Simultaneously, the low-pressure area that the waterpower pulse method obtains only is confined near the drill bit of shaft bottom, and whole annular space still is overbalance pressure, can guarantee better that than under balance pressure drilling method borehole wall stability has guaranteed downhole safety simultaneously.
Through accompanying drawing and embodiment, technical scheme of the present invention is done further detailed description below.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the inventive method;
Fig. 2 is a hydraulic pulse generator assembling sketch map of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of diversion division of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of impeller in the impulse generator of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the lateral view of impeller base in the impulse generator of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the vertical view of impeller base in the impulse generator of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is a vibration structure of nozzle sketch map of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is an impulse generator body construction sketch map of the present invention;
Fig. 9 is the directional type nozzle arrangements sketch map of self-vibration cavitating nozzle drill bit of the present invention;
Figure 10 is the upward view of drill bit of the present invention;
Figure 11 is the lateral view of nozzle exit of the present invention;
Figure 12 is a self-vibration cavitating nozzle drill bit schematic perspective view of the present invention;
Figure 13 is the assembling sketch map of waterpower pulse cavitation jet well drilling device of the present invention and self-vibration cavitating nozzle drill bit.
Description of reference numerals:
1-body; 2-baffle;
3-impulse generator; 4-self-oscillation chamber;
5-vibration nozzle; 6-impeller base;
7-fluid intake section; 8-fluid issuing section;
9-impeller; 10-self-vibration cavitating nozzle drill bit;
11-directional type nozzle.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the inventive method embodiment 1.The concrete steps of the method for waterpower pulse cavitation jet drilling well are following:
Step 101: in drillng operation, the liquid flow that will be used to impact the continous-stable in shaft bottom is changed to the pulse resonance working fluid;
Step 102: said pulse resonance working fluid is injected at a high speed in the static relatively liquid, produced cavitation phenomenon;
Step 103: the pulse resonance working fluid that will produce cavitation phenomenon impacts the shaft bottom with the mode of surge pressure.
In the above most preferred embodiment, its effect of Fluid Pulsation liquid can carry out periodic disturbance to the flow of liquid of said continous-stable according to predefined frequency and produce.
In the foregoing description, continuous fluid makes the jet expansion jet become interrupted collar vortex stream through the humorous resonance of resonator formation sound.Under floodage, the discontinuity of fluid motion is prone to produce pressure oscillation, thereby brings out the generation of cavitation.In the structure of this patent design, rotary blade can produce disturbance to continuous fluid, the discontinuity of enhance fluid, thus strengthen cavitation.
In the foregoing description, step 103 can realize through following concrete steps.At first, make the pressure of said pulse resonance working fluid produce fluctuation; Secondly, make the said pulse resonance working fluid of pressure oscillation produce feedback pressure resonance; Afterwards, utilize said pressure resonance to produce the humorous resonance of fluid sound; At last, improve the flow velocity of the said pulse resonance working fluid with the humorous resonance of fluid sound, it is injected at a high speed in the static relatively liquid, form shear layer, form flow-disturbing whirlpool produces cavitation phenomenon.
Embodiment 2
Present embodiment is the flow process of a scheme thinner than embodiment 1.Specific as follows:
Step 1010: in drillng operation, the liquid flow that will be used to impact the continous-stable in shaft bottom is changed to the pulse resonance working fluid; According to predefined frequency the flow of liquid of said continous-stable is carried out periodic disturbance;
Step 1021: the organ pipe resonator can the humorous resonance of formation sound, makes the jet expansion jet become interrupted collar vortex stream, brings out the generation of cavitation;
Step 1022, rotary blade can produce disturbance to continuous fluid, the discontinuity of enhance fluid, thus strengthen cavitation;
Step 1031: make the pressure of said pulse resonance working fluid produce fluctuation;
Step 1032: make the said pulse resonance working fluid of pressure oscillation produce feedback pressure resonance;
Step 1033: utilize said pressure resonance to produce the humorous resonance of fluid sound;
Step 1034: improve the flow velocity of said pulse resonance working fluid, inject in the static relatively liquid with the humorous resonance of fluid sound;
Step 104: introduce self-vibration cavitating nozzle drill bit to waterpower pulse cavitation jet, in order to form efficient waterpower, the broken rock of mechanically combining;
Step 105: self-oscillation portion and self-vibration cavitating nozzle bit sub, in order to improve efficiency of breaking rock.
Embodiment 3
Present embodiment is that concrete steps are following when assembling use according to Figure 13:
Step 201, carry out in the drillng operation, import the flow of liquid of the continous-stable that is used to impact the shaft bottom at drilling tool;
The flow of liquid of step 202, this continous-stable of periodic disturbance makes it to form effect of Fluid Pulsation liquid, in order to increase impact effect;
Step 203, the liquid of effect of Fluid Pulsation is amplified and makes it to produce resonance, then just with its transformation for the pulse resonance working fluid;
Step 204, the sectional area through dwindling fluid, accelerate its flow velocity, it is injected at a high speed in the static relatively environmental liquids;
Step 205, make this liquid form the flow-disturbing whirlpool, produce cavitation phenomenon;
Step 206, the high-speed pulse resonance working fluid that will produce cavitation phenomenon flow into the organ pipe nozzle on the drill bit with the mode of surge pressure;
The further amplification of step 207, cavitation jet process organ pipe resonance, the high speed impact shaft bottom.
Embodiment 4
Fig. 2 assembles sketch map for the present invention.Fig. 2 is a most preferred embodiment of apparatus of the present invention; As shown in Figure 2; The body 1 that comprises a cylindricality; One end of this body is provided with fluid intake section 7, and the other end is provided with fluid issuing section 8, between fluid intake section 7 and the fluid issuing section 8 successively coupling be provided with the flow direction that makes fluid and produce the diversion division 2 depart from, make continuous fluid produce the impulse generator 3 of pulse and make fluid produce the self-oscillation portion of resonance with pulse; One end of diversion division 3 is provided with inlet, and the other end is provided with outlet, and this outlet and inlet are taked the eccentric manner setting, and the area of outlet is less than the area of inlet; Be pivoted with the impeller 9 of the thrust rotation that utilizes fluid in the said impulse generator 3, the outlet of the blade of this impeller 9 and said diversion division 2 aligns setting; Be provided with the fluid passage run through in the said self-oscillation portion, this fluid passage is made up of the runner that the multistage sectional area reduces successively, and the maximum runner of sectional area is arranged on the end that self-oscillation portion docks with said impulse generator.This device can produce strong pulsation collar vortex stream and impact the shaft bottom with the mode of surge pressure, and it is the termination drill bit down, and the upper end directly connects mud motor (or drill collar), use and easy for installation.There is the flexible circlip groove in step, top that can cooperate with drill collar its underpart simultaneously, and this design has not only been satisfied technological requirement but also simplified the structure greatly, and its safety, reliability are strengthened greatly.
Waterpower pulse cavitation jet well drilling device of the present invention is exactly the fluid intake section 7 entering diversion divisions 2 of the drilling liquid flow of the continuous-flow in drill collar (or mud motor) in drilling process through body 1 upper end; Paired pulses generator 3 produce tangential forces forces its inner impeller 9 at a high speed rotation change flow areas, get into the self-excited oscillation cavity chamber 4 after making the drilling fluid of continuous-flow produce pulse, the pulse drilling liquid flow amplifies and produces fluid resonance at this chamber; When its outlet contracted section through self-oscillation chamber 4 gets into resonance nozzle 5; Produce pressure oscillation, this pressure oscillation reflected back resonator again forms the feedback pressure vibration, when the frequency of the frequency of pressure oscillation and resonator is consistent; The feedback pressure vibration is able to amplify; Thereby in self-oscillation chamber 4, produce the humorous resonance of fluid sound, the fluid high-speed jet, and at the strong pulsation of fluid issuing section 8 generations collar vortex stream; Mode with surge pressure is impacted the shaft bottom; Improve bottom-hole flow field, reduce the ability that " chip hold down effect " improves clear rock of jet and broken rock, thereby improved rate of penetration.The realization of cavitation realizes that through the self-oscillation nozzle impeller rotation purpose is to produce pulse, makes the drilling fluid that gets into the self-excited oscillation cavity become a kind of active disturbance.The eddy current ring goes from strength to strength again in the high shear campaign, makes jet produce bigger pressure pulse, forms pulsing jet, reaches the shaft bottom through drill bit, thereby increases substantially the erosion and the cleaning capacity of jet.Go out the interruption-forming pulsing jet at bit nozzle on the one hand, improve the ability to function of the broken rock of the clear rock of jet; On the other hand because the waterpower pulse device produces pressure fluctuation; Can near drill bit, form low-pressure area, can reduce the chip hold down effect of annular space head of liquid to bottom rock, its mechanism is similar under balance pressure drilling; Can significantly improve bit speed; But the low-pressure area that the waterpower pulse method obtains only is confined near the drill bit of shaft bottom, and whole annular space still is overbalance pressure, therefore can guarantee borehole wall stability and downhole safety better than under balance pressure drilling method.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of diversion division of the present invention.As shown in Figures 2 and 3; Diversion division 2 described in the present invention is the slope runner; It has changed the flow direction of drilling fluid; And the impeller of paired pulses generator 3 produces tangential force and forces impeller 9 to rotate, and changes the size of drilling fluid flow to impeller tangential impact power through the angle that changes the slope runner, and the bossing below simultaneously is convenient to installing and locating.
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of impeller 9 in the impulse generator of the present invention.Fig. 5 is the lateral view of impeller base in the impulse generator of the present invention.Fig. 6 is the vertical view of impeller base in the impulse generator of the present invention.Impulse generator described in the present invention 3 comprises impeller 9 and the impeller base 6 of locating impeller, changes flow area to change impulse amplitude through the impeller blade radius that changes impeller 9, changes pulse frequency through the impeller blade quantity that changes impeller 9.
Fig. 7 is the structural representation of vibration nozzle 5 of the present invention.Visible by Fig. 6, the reduced cross-sectional area of the sectional area ratio self-oscillation chamber 4 of vibration nozzle 5 is a lot, makes fluid jet become interrupted eddy current ring.
Fig. 8 is for being impulse generator body construction sketch map of the present invention.Among the embodiment of said apparatus, the fluid intake section 7 of said body 1 can be cylindric or is little round table-like of outer imperial palace.
Among the embodiment of said apparatus, the shape of the shape of the inlet of said diversion division 2 and the outlet of diversion division can be rectangle or circle.
Among the embodiment of said apparatus, also be provided with the inlet that is used to snap in impulse generator on diversion division 2 and the end face that said impulse generator 3 combines, and make the outlet of said diversion division 2 and the fin that said impeller 9 aligns.
Among the embodiment of said apparatus, the cross sectional shape of the multistage runner that is provided with in the self-oscillation portion can be circle or polygon.
Continous-stable drilling fluid at a high speed gets into baffle forces impeller to rotate the generation pulse-type disturbance at a high speed to the generation of the impeller in impeller assembly tangential force; Change flow area to change impulse amplitude through the impeller blade radius that changes impeller, change pulse frequency through the impeller blade quantity that changes impeller; Get into the self-oscillation chamber on vibration nozzle top then; The pulse drilling liquid flow amplifies and generation fluid resonance at this chamber; Produce strong pulsation collar vortex stream in outlet, impact the shaft bottom, improve bottom-hole flow field with the mode of surge pressure; Reduce the ability that " chip hold down effect " improves clear rock of jet and broken rock, thereby improved rate of penetration.
Embodiment 5
Fig. 9 is the directional type nozzle arrangements sketch map of self-vibration cavitating nozzle drill bit of the present invention.Figure 10 is the upward view of drill bit of the present invention.Organ tubulose resonator can the humorous resonance of formation sound, makes directional type nozzle 10 outlet jets become interrupted collar vortex stream, brings out the generation of cavitation; Simultaneously, crooked certain angle of nozzle 10 outlets and self-vibration cavitating nozzle drill bit 11 smear metal teeth cooperate, and are shown in figure 11; Nozzle 10 is embedded, and its structure is as shown in Figure 9, realizes the hydraulic-mechanical combined-breaking rock.This nozzle is taked directed the installation, forms the broken rock mode of waterpower and mechanically combining, has improved broken rock of drill bit and shaft bottom large rock-clearing effect.Figure 12 is the schematic perspective view of the self-vibration cavitating nozzle drill bit of Design and Machining moulding.
Embodiment 6
Figure 13 is the assembling sketch map of waterpower pulse cavitation jet well drilling device of the present invention and self-vibration cavitating nozzle drill bit.The lower end short circuit of self-vibration cavitating nozzle drill bit 11 and waterpower pulse cavitation jet well drilling device is combined together use, with the cavitation effect of further enhance fluid, improves rock breaking capacity.Most preferred embodiment is specific as follows: step 1 is to carry out in the drillng operation at drilling tool, imports the flow of liquid of the continous-stable be used to impact the shaft bottom; Step 2 is flow of liquid of this continous-stable of periodic disturbance, makes it to form effect of Fluid Pulsation liquid, in order to increase impact effect; Step 3 is with the liquid amplification of effect of Fluid Pulsation and makes it to produce resonance, so just it is changed for the pulse resonance working fluid; Step 4 is through the sectional area that dwindles fluid, accelerates its flow velocity, and it is injected at a high speed in the static relatively environmental liquids; Step 5 is to make this liquid form the flow-disturbing whirlpool, produces cavitation phenomenon; Step 6 is that the high-speed pulse resonance working fluid that produces cavitation phenomenon is flowed into the organ pipe nozzle on the drill bit with the mode of surge pressure; Step 6 is cavitation jet further amplifications through organ pipe resonance, the high speed impact shaft bottom.
It should be noted last that; Above embodiment is only unrestricted in order to technical scheme of the present invention to be described; Although the present invention is specified with reference to preferred embodiment; Those of ordinary skill in the art should be appreciated that and can make amendment or be equal to replacement technical scheme of the present invention, and do not break away from the spirit and the scope of technical scheme of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. a hydraulic pulse cavitation jet well drilling method is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
Step 1: in drillng operation, the area of the cross section of the flow of liquid through being used in the continous-stable that impacts the shaft bottom produces cyclically-varying, and the liquid flow of said continous-stable is changed to effect of Fluid Pulsation liquid; Said step 1 is specially: the fluid intake section of the flow of liquid of said continous-stable through the body upper end of waterpower pulse cavitation jet well drilling device gets into the diversion division of said waterpower pulse cavitation jet well drilling device; Impulse generator generation tangential force to said waterpower pulse cavitation jet well drilling device forces the inner impeller of said impulse generator to rotate the change flow area at a high speed; Make said continous-stable flowing liquid produce pulse, form said effect of Fluid Pulsation liquid;
Step 2: said effect of Fluid Pulsation liquid is exaggerated and produces resonance, converts the pulse resonance working fluid into; Said step 2 is specially: said effect of Fluid Pulsation liquid gets into the self-oscillation chamber of said waterpower pulse cavitation jet well drilling device, amplifies and generation fluid resonance at said self-oscillation chamber, forms said pulse resonance working fluid;
Step 3: said pulse resonance working fluid is injected at a high speed in the static relatively liquid, produced cavitation phenomenon;
Step 4: make the pressure of the said pulse resonance working fluid that produces said cavitation phenomenon produce fluctuation; Make the said pulse resonance working fluid of pressure oscillation produce feedback pressure resonance; Utilize said feedback pressure resonance to produce the humorous resonance of fluid sound, improve the flow velocity of said pulse resonance working fluid, inject in the static relatively liquid, produce cavitation, make the shaft bottom produce cavitation erosion; Said pulse resonance working fluid impacts the shaft bottom with the mode of surge pressure.
2. hydraulic pulse cavitation jet well drilling method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, also comprises after the said step 4:
Step 5: introduce self-vibration cavitating nozzle drill bit to waterpower pulse cavitation jet, in order to form efficient waterpower, the broken rock of mechanically combining.
3. hydraulic pulse cavitation jet well drilling method as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, also comprises after the said step 5:
Step 6: self-oscillation chamber and self-vibration cavitating nozzle bit sub, in order to improve efficiency of breaking rock.
4. hydraulic pulse cavitation jet well drilling method as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that; In the said step 1, the detailed process that the liquid flow of said continous-stable is changed to effect of Fluid Pulsation liquid is: according to predefined frequency the cross section of the flow of liquid of said continous-stable is carried out periodic disturbance.
5. hydraulic pulse cavitation jet well drilling method as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that said step 3 is specially: the said pulse resonance working fluid that the organ pipe resonator will flow into wherein amplifies, and produces the humorous resonance of fluid sound; Said pulse resonance working fluid is injected at a high speed and is formed the fluid high-speed jet; Make the jet expansion jet become interrupted collar vortex stream, said collar vortex stream goes from strength to strength in the high shear campaign, makes said jet expansion jet produce bigger pressure pulse; Form pulsing jet, bring out cavitation and take place.
CN2009101691222A 2006-07-12 2006-07-12 Hydraulic pulse cavitation jet well drilling method Active CN101705789B (en)

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CN102536121B (en) * 2012-02-08 2013-12-18 中国石油大学(北京) Pulse type underground pressurization jet flow drilling method and device
CN105201482B (en) * 2015-10-20 2018-03-09 刘杰 Liquid stream cavitation apparatus, system and method
CN109184655B (en) * 2018-11-21 2020-07-03 重庆地质矿产研究院 Coiled tubing dragging pulse hydraulic fracturing tool with bottom setting and method
CN116122730B (en) * 2022-12-08 2023-07-25 河南理工大学 Pulse cavitation jet auxiliary rock breaking mechanism

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