CN101696967A - Lake water texture and water quality monitoring system and method based on wireless sensing network - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a lake hydrology and water quality monitoring system and monitoring method based on a wireless sensor network. The system includes a wireless sensing information collection module, a base station, and a monitoring system; the wireless sensing information collection module includes basic The collection unit is used to collect the hydrological and water quality information of the lake; the base station is used to receive the hydrological and water quality information of the lake collected by the wireless sensor information collection module, and transmit it to a monitoring system through the public communication network; the monitoring system is used to Obtain and process lake hydrology and water quality information from the base station. The invention overcomes the defects of single-point communication, over-reliance on land communication system, and insufficient signal collection in the traditional hydrology and water quality monitoring technology, and successfully solves the problem of limited power supply energy, limited communication ability, calculation and storage problems of unattended work in the field of nodes. The problem of large-scale dynamic self-organization into a network under the situation of limited capacity has realized the function of large-scale monitoring of lake hydrology and water quality and real-time monitoring.

Description

Lake hydrology and water quality monitoring system and monitoring method based on wireless sensor network

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of wireless communication, in particular to a lake hydrology and water quality monitoring system and monitoring method based on a wireless sensor network.

Background technique

Lakes are one of the most important water resources in the world, and the lake basin is also one of the most densely populated, economically and culturally developed regions in my country. However, in the past 20 years, the problems of water environment pollution and eutrophication of lakes in my country have become increasingly serious. Recently, with the rapid development of the lake basin economy, the growth of population, the continuous enhancement of human interference activities, the increasing utilization of lake resources and the unreasonable use of the lakeside belt, the lakeshore erosion, hydrological conditions have changed, and the natural structure has been destroyed. Destruction and biodiversity decline, frequent outbreaks of cyanobacteria blooms. Therefore, it is of great significance to control water pollution and prevent and control cyanobacterial blooms if the hydrological and water quality information of lakes can be monitored in an all-round, multi-angle, and full-time manner. At present, we mainly use satellite remote sensing and manual sampling methods to monitor the hydrology and water quality of lakes. However, the information obtained by remote sensing is very limited and cannot fully reflect the real situation; and in the face of large-scale lakes, the scope of manual sampling is also very limited, and at the same time it consumes a lot of human and material resources. However, the large-area network deployment technology on the lake has always been a blind spot due to its own energy constraints, uncertain locations, and harsh environments.

With the development of computer technology, wireless communication technology and sensor technology, online real-time monitoring has become theoretically possible. At present, there have been intelligent hydrological and water quality detectors using GSM modules, but there are still many shortcomings, such as only Single-point communication, too much reliance on land communication systems, etc., in the face of a vast lake, even the GSM module is difficult to receive signals.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a lake hydrology and water quality monitoring system and monitoring method based on a wireless sensor network.

In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions.

A lake hydrology and water quality monitoring system based on a wireless sensor network, including a wireless sensing information acquisition module, a base station, and a monitoring system; the wireless sensing information acquisition module includes basic acquisition units distributed on the lake surface for collecting lake hydrology and water quality Information; the base station is used to receive the lake hydrology and water quality information collected by the wireless sensor information acquisition module, and transmit it to a monitoring system through the public communication network; the monitoring system is used to obtain and process the lake hydrology and water quality information transmitted from the base station .

As a preferred solution of the present invention, the basic acquisition unit is composed of multiple sensors connected to a core controller, and the core controller communicates with each sensor through power control and interface interaction.

As another preferred solution of the present invention, the core controller is fixed on a column inserted into the ground; the sensor is installed on a buoy floating on the water surface and connected to the column.

As another preferred solution of the present invention, the core controller is fixed on a column inserted into the water bottom; the sensor is semi-fixed on the column and only moves up and down with the water level.

As another preferred solution of the present invention, the basic acquisition unit is composed of a star-shaped wireless sensor node cluster, and each node in the wireless sensor node cluster realizes information transmission within the cluster through short-distance wireless communication; the wireless sensor The node cluster includes a master node and at least one member node; the master node is used to complete intra-cluster coordination and inter-cluster communication.

As another preferred solution of the present invention, the member node includes a node control unit, a wireless communication unit, and is connected with at least one sensor, and the node control unit is used to control the sleep and timing sampling of the sensor, and through the wireless The communication unit exchanges information with the master node.

As another preferred solution of the present invention, the main node is fixed on a column inserted into the water bottom, and the member nodes are installed on a buoy floating on the water surface and connected to the column.

As another preferred solution of the present invention, the main node is fixed on a column inserted into the water bottom, and the member nodes are semi-fixed on the column and only move up and down with the water level.

As another preferred solution of the present invention, the wireless sensing information collection module is an information collection network on the lake formed by the basic collection unit; the self-organization method is to generate sub-nodes layer by layer from the base station way of growing trees.

As another preferred solution of the present invention, the column is provided with a solar panel and a storage battery for powering the basic collection unit, and the storage battery is a rechargeable storage battery using a solar panel to store energy.

As another preferred solution of the present invention, the base station is a sink base station located on the shore; the monitoring system is a network server or a user terminal.

A method for monitoring lake hydrology and water quality based on a wireless sensor network, comprising the following steps:

Step 1, collecting lake hydrology and water quality information by a wireless sensor information collection module including basic collection units distributed on the lake surface;

Step 2, collecting the hydrological and water quality information of the lake to the base station;

Step 3, the base station integrates, processes, stores, displays and forwards the hydrological and water quality information of the lake through the public communication network.

As a preferred solution of the present invention, the wireless sensor information collection module is an information collection network on the lake formed by the basic collection unit; the self-organization method is to generate child nodes layer by layer from the base station The way to grow trees.

As another preferred solution of the present invention, in step 3, the base station sends the hydrological and water quality information of the lake to a monitoring system through the public communication network for information fusion processing, and then the monitoring system sends it to the user terminal; or The base station directly sends the hydrological and water quality information of the lake to the user terminal.

As another preferred solution of the present invention, the basic acquisition unit is composed of multiple sensors connected to a core controller, and the core controller communicates with each sensor through power control and interface interaction; the core controller The sensor is fixed on a column inserted into the bottom of the water; the sensor is mounted on a buoy floating on the water surface and connected to the column, or is semi-fixed on the column and only moves up and down with the water level.

As another preferred solution of the present invention, the basic acquisition unit is composed of a star-shaped wireless sensor node cluster, and each node in the wireless sensor node cluster realizes information transmission within the cluster through short-distance wireless communication; the wireless sensor The node cluster includes a master node and at least one member node; the master node is fixed on a column inserted underwater to complete intra-cluster coordination and inter-cluster communication; On the buoy, or semi-fixed on the column, it only moves up and down with the water level.

As another preferred solution of the present invention, the member node includes a node control unit, a wireless communication unit, and is connected with at least one sensor, and the node control unit is used to control the sleep and timing sampling of the sensor, and through the wireless The communication unit exchanges information with the master node.

As another preferred solution of the present invention, the base station is a sink base station located on the shore.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are: it overcomes the defects of single-point communication, over-reliance on land communication system, and insufficient signal collection in the traditional hydrology and water quality monitoring technology, and successfully solves the problem of limited power supply energy and communication problems in unattended work at nodes in the field. The problem of large-scale dynamic self-organization into a network under the circumstances of limited capacity, limited computing and storage capacity has realized the function of large-scale monitoring of lake hydrology and water quality and real-time monitoring.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the basic acquisition unit of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the system structure of the present invention.

Detailed ways

The specific implementation manners of the present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Embodiment one

A lake hydrology and water quality monitoring system based on a wireless sensor network provided in this embodiment includes a wireless sensor information collection module, a base station, and a monitoring system; the wireless sensor information collection module includes basic collection units distributed on the lake surface, used to collect lake hydrology and water quality information; the base station is used to receive the lake hydrology and water quality information collected by the wireless sensor information acquisition module, and transmit it to a monitoring system through the public communication network; the monitoring system is used to obtain and process the base station Incoming lake hydrology and water quality information.

The basic acquisition unit is composed of multiple sensors connected to a core controller, and the core controller communicates with each sensor through power control and interface interaction. The core controller is fixed on a column inserted into the water bottom; the sensor is installed on a buoy floating on the water surface and connected to the column or semi-fixed on the column, and only moves up and down with the water level.

The wireless sensing information collection module is an information collection network on the lake formed by the basic collection unit; the self-organization is formed by a growth tree method of generating child nodes layer by layer from the base station. The column is provided with a solar panel and a storage battery for powering the basic collection unit, and the storage battery is a rechargeable storage battery using a solar panel to store energy. The base station is a Sink base station located on the shore; the monitoring system is a network server or a user terminal.

A method for monitoring lake hydrology and water quality based on a wireless sensor network, comprising the following steps:

Step 1, collecting lake hydrology and water quality information by a wireless sensor information collection module including basic collection units distributed on the lake surface;

Step 2, collecting the hydrological and water quality information of the lake to the base station;

Step 3, the base station integrates, processes, stores, displays and forwards the hydrological and water quality information of the lake through the public communication network.

The wireless sensing information collection module is an information collection network on the lake formed by the basic collection unit; the self-organization is formed by a growth tree method of generating child nodes layer by layer from the base station.

In step 3, the base station sends the hydrological and water quality information of the lake to a monitoring system through the public communication network for information fusion processing, and then the monitoring system sends it to the user terminal; or the base station sends the hydrological and water quality information of the lake sent directly to the user terminal.

The basic acquisition unit is composed of a core controller connected to a plurality of sensors, and the core controller communicates with each sensor through power control and interface interaction; the core controller is fixed on a column inserted into the bottom of the water; The sensor is mounted on a buoy floating on the water surface and connected to the column, or is semi-fixed on the column and only moves up and down with the water level. The base station is a sink base station located on the shore.

The detailed description of some technical solutions of this embodiment is as follows:

(1) The basic acquisition unit is composed of multiple sensors connected to nodes with multiple sensor interfaces. The basic acquisition unit is the basic unit for the collection and fusion of lake local hydrological and water quality information, self-organizing network, and wireless information transmission. The basic acquisition unit is in the form of multiple sensors attached to a single node.

(2) The basic collection unit is fixed in the lake in the following way: set up a column inserted into the bottom of the water at the point of the water area where sampling is required, and the standard is that it will not swing violently in the most common wind and waves. Unit fixtures. Solar panels and storage batteries are placed on the columns to provide electrical energy for the basic collection unit. The core controller of the basic acquisition unit is fixed on the column, and the sensor can be installed on a buoy floating on the water surface and connected to the column with a rope, or it can be semi-fixed on the column (it can only move up and down with the water level).

(3) The main function of the core controller is to complete network access, networking, synchronization, sleep, coordination and scheduling of various sensors and other peripheral modules. When there is no need to work, the core controller will directly control the power-off of related sensors and peripheral modules to minimize energy consumption. When work is required, the core controller powers on the relevant sensors and peripheral modules, and sends control commands through the interface. The core controller communicates with sensors and communication module accessories through power control and interface interaction. Since this embodiment adopts a relatively clear networking and communication mechanism, when the core controller does not need to work and communicate, it stops all sensors and communication module accessories that can not be used, and makes itself enter a dormant state; When work and communication are required, it will enter the working state, and power on the sensors and other communication module accessories that need to work, so as to achieve the minimum energy consumption.

(4) After the basic collection unit is formed, the information collection network on the lake will be self-organized based on the basic collection unit, which can also be called a wireless sensor information collection tree. The networking scheme adopts the growing tree method of generating child nodes layer by layer starting from the sink base station (also called the sink node). Once it grows into a tree, the information collected by each basic collection unit will be reported layer by layer to the parent node. Since each parent node may have multiple child nodes, each sibling node uses TDMA or CSMA/CA channel access to report information to the parent node.

(5) The data collected by the entire wireless sensor information collection tree will be transmitted to the sink base station (convergence node) eventually, and the sink base station (convergence node) will be sent to the public communication network (such as the Internet, 3G communication network, etc.).

The monitoring system can be a simple user terminal or a network server. The basic work of the monitoring system is to visualize the collected data, and to analyze and predict the collected data through various third-party programs using different analysis algorithms to provide reference for researchers and decision makers.

This embodiment utilizes a wireless sensor network, which is composed of a large number of sensor nodes deployed in the monitoring area. These sensor nodes can cooperatively perceive, collect and process the information of the perceived object, and send it to the observer through wireless communication. . Wireless sensor network is a multi-hop, self-organizing network system.

The invention overcomes the defects of single-point communication, over-reliance on land communication system, and insufficient signal collection in the traditional hydrology and water quality monitoring technology, and successfully solves the problem of limited power supply energy, limited communication ability, calculation and storage of unattended work in the field of nodes. The problem of large-scale dynamic self-organization into a network under the situation of limited capacity has realized the function of large-scale monitoring of lake hydrology and water quality and real-time monitoring.

Embodiment two

The difference between this embodiment and the previous embodiments is that the basic acquisition unit is not composed of one but a plurality of nodes, and the plurality of nodes form a cluster by themselves through short-distance communication with low power consumption. The information collected by the basic collection unit is completed through the cooperation of each member node in the cluster. The cluster head is responsible for the coordination work within the cluster and the high power consumption medium and long-distance networking and communication between each basic acquisition unit. The electric energy of the whole wireless sensor information collection module is provided by the solar panel and the storage battery installed on the top of the column. The solar panel continuously charges the battery when there is sunshine, and the battery bears all the power consumption of the wireless sensor information collection module. In order to save power, the cluster head responsible for medium and long-distance communication will sleep periodically, and other cluster members will realize timely sampling, reporting information and reasonable sleep through the coordination of the cluster head.

After clustering, the basic collection units form a network by themselves through wireless communication, and the way of networking adopts the flooding spanning tree method from the Sink base station (convergence node) down. The sink base station (convergence node) first initiates a network to discover the next hop child node. After the child node enters the network, it will continue to search for the next hop until it covers all the basic collection units on the lake, as shown in Figure 2. Since each parent node may have multiple child nodes, the communication between each child node and the parent node adopts a combination of TDMA and CSMA/CA. When the parent node discovers the next-hop child node, it will automatically allocate a time slot for each next-hop child node. After the basic acquisition unit joins the network, it will start the sensor to collect information and report the information to the parent node periodically. The basic acquisition unit sleeps in a low power consumption state when it needs to work. In this way, the entire monitoring system will report the data collected by the lake surface monitoring layer by layer until it is sent to the sink base station (sink node). Sink base station (convergence node), as the centralized collection and processing unit of information and the interface between the local network and the public network, will simply process and package the information collected by monitoring and send it to the public communication system (such as the Internet, 3G communication network, etc.) destination.

The basic acquisition unit is a star-shaped wireless sensor node cluster, which adopts the form of multi-sensor node self-organizing clusters. In this case, the cluster head (ie, the master node) is the network, the information fusion of the cluster, and the inter-cluster communication. Core.

The concrete technical scheme of the present embodiment is as follows:

The basic acquisition unit is composed of a star-shaped wireless sensor node cluster, and each node in the wireless sensor node cluster realizes information transmission within the cluster through short-distance wireless communication; the wireless sensor node cluster includes a master node and at least one member node; the master node is used to complete intra-cluster coordination and inter-cluster communication. The member node includes a node control unit, a wireless communication unit, and is connected to at least one sensor. The node control unit is used to control the sleep and timing sampling of the sensor, and exchange information with the master node through the wireless communication unit. The main node is fixed on a column inserted into the water bottom, and the member nodes are installed on buoys floating on the water surface and connected with the column. The main node is fixed on a column inserted into the water bottom, and the member nodes are semi-fixed on the column and only move up and down with the water level.

Since this embodiment adopts a relatively clear networking and communication mechanism, all nodes can stop all accessories such as sensors and wireless communication modules that can not be used when they do not need to work and communicate, and put themselves into a dormant state; the nodes only have When work and communication are required, it will exit the dormant state, enter the working state, and power on the required modules to achieve the minimum energy consumption.

Embodiment three

The difference between this embodiment and the above-mentioned embodiments is that if the collected data is complex or the data volume is huge, the raw data after simple processing will be sent to the server of the monitoring system for fusion and analysis processing. The monitoring system will have interfaces for various information sources. It not only receives the data collected by the wireless sensor network on the lake from the public communication network, but also has remote sensing data interaction interfaces and manual data input interfaces. The processing can also be done on the user's computer. applications, and possibly connected smartphones. Visualization software and analysis and prediction software for raw data will be installed on these user terminals. In addition, there is an interface so that professional users can customize their own algorithms and independently analyze and predict.

The description and application of the invention herein is illustrative and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention to the above-described embodiments. Variations and changes to the embodiments disclosed herein are possible, and substitutions and equivalents for various components of the embodiments are known to those of ordinary skill in the art. It should be clear to those skilled in the art that the present invention can be realized in other forms, structures, arrangements, proportions, and with other elements, materials and components without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the present invention.

Claims (12)

1. A lake hydrology water quality monitoring system based on wireless sensor network, it is characterized in that, described monitoring system comprises: The wireless sensor information acquisition module includes basic acquisition units distributed on the lake surface to collect lake hydrology and water quality information; The base station is used to receive the lake hydrology and water quality information collected by the wireless sensor information collection module, and transmit it to a monitoring system through the public communication network; The monitoring system is used to acquire and process the lake hydrology and water quality information data transmitted from the base station. 2. the lake hydrology and water quality monitoring system based on wireless sensor network according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described basic acquisition unit is made of a plurality of sensors articulated by core controller, and described core controller is controlled by power supply and The interface interacts with each sensor to communicate. 3. The lake hydrology and water quality monitoring system based on wireless sensor network according to claim 2, characterized in that: the core controller is fixed on a column inserted into the bottom of the water; On the buoy connected to the column, or semi-fixed on the column, it only moves up and down with the water level. 4. the lake hydrology and water quality monitoring system based on wireless sensor network according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described basic acquisition unit is made of star-shaped wireless sensor node cluster, each node in the wireless sensor node cluster Intra-cluster information transmission is realized by means of short-distance wireless communication; the wireless sensor node cluster includes a master node and at least one member node; the master node is used to complete intra-cluster coordination and inter-cluster communication. 5. the lake hydrology and water quality monitoring system based on wireless sensor network according to claim 4, is characterized in that: described member node comprises node control unit, wireless communication unit, and mounts at least one sensor, and described node control unit It is used to control the dormancy and timing sampling of the sensor, and to exchange information with the master node through the wireless communication unit. 6. The lake hydrology and water quality monitoring system based on wireless sensor network according to claim 4, characterized in that: the main node is fixed on the column inserted into the bottom of the water; the member nodes are installed on the water surface and connected to the column It is attached to a buoy, or semi-fixed on a column, and only moves up and down with the water level. 7. the lake hydrology and water quality monitoring system based on wireless sensor network according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described wireless sensor information collection module is the information collection network on the lake that is self-organized to form with basic collection unit; The ad hoc group formation method is a growing tree method of generating child nodes layer by layer starting from the base station. 8. The lake hydrology and water quality monitoring system based on wireless sensor network according to claim 3 or 6, characterized in that: the column is provided with a solar panel and a storage battery to provide power for the basic collection unit, the The storage battery is a rechargeable storage battery using solar panels to store energy; the base station is a Sink base station located on the shore; the monitoring system is a network server or a user terminal. 9. A method for monitoring lake hydrology and water quality based on a wireless sensor network, characterized in that, the monitoring method may further comprise the steps: Step 1, collecting lake hydrology and water quality information by a wireless sensor information collection module including basic collection units distributed on the lake surface; Step 2, collecting the hydrological and water quality information of the lake to the base station; Step 3, the base station integrates, processes, stores, displays and forwards the hydrological and water quality information of the lake through the public communication network. 10. the lake hydrological water quality monitoring method based on wireless sensor network according to claim 9, is characterized in that: described wireless sensor information collection module is the information collection network on the lake that is self-organized to form with basic collection unit; The ad hoc group formation method is a growing tree method of generating child nodes layer by layer starting from the base station. 11. The method for monitoring lake hydrology and water quality based on wireless sensor network according to claim 9, characterized in that: the basic acquisition unit is formed by connecting a plurality of sensors to a core controller, and the core controller is controlled by a power supply and The interface interacts with each sensor to communicate; the core controller is fixed on the column inserted into the bottom of the water; the speed sensor is installed on the buoy floating on the water surface and connected to the column, or semi-fixed on the column, only with the water level Moving up and down. 12. The lake hydrology and water quality monitoring method based on wireless sensor network according to claim 9, characterized in that: the basic collection unit is composed of a star-shaped wireless sensor node cluster, and each node in the wireless sensor node cluster Intra-cluster information transmission is realized by means of short-distance wireless communication; the wireless sensor node cluster includes a master node and at least one member node; the member node includes a node control unit, a wireless communication unit, and is attached to at least one sensor, and the node The control unit is used to control the dormancy and timing sampling of the sensor, and exchange information with the master node through the wireless communication unit. The master node is fixed on a column inserted into the underwater ground to complete intra-cluster coordination and inter-cluster communication; the member nodes are installed on buoys floating on the water surface and connected to the column, or semi-fixed on the column, and only follow the The water level moves up and down.

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