CN101694133A - Frame type nomadism tent with inner air interlayer - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a frame type nomadic tent with an inner air space layer. The nomadic tent includes a frame and a tent enclosure, an inner tent enclosure is arranged inside the tent enclosure, an inner air interlayer is formed between the inner tent enclosure and the tent enclosure, and the average thickness of the inner air interlayer is 100-200mm; A skylight hole and a side window hole are arranged on the canopy, the skylight ratio is 0.01-0.03, and the side window ratio is 0.05-0.15. The present invention forms an inner air layer by setting an inner canopy on the inner side of the canopy, reasonably selects the material and color of the tent fabric, weakens the "greenhouse effect" and "cold room effect" of the nomadic tent, and increases the heat insulation and heat preservation performance of the tent ;Through the scientific and reasonable design of the tent enclosure, the nomadic tents can be fundamentally improved in terms of heat protection, ventilation and smoke exhaust, and the quality of life of the herdsmen during the nomadic period can be improved.

Description

Frame nomad tent with inner air compartment

technical field

The invention relates to a tent, in particular to a frame-type nomadic tent with an inner air space.

Background technique

In order to adapt to the production method of "grazing by water and grass" and provide shelter for herdsmen and their families, herdsmen have used their ingenuity for thousands of years to create cattle felt tents. Cow hair tents are usually supported by wooden pillars and enclosed by hand-woven cow felt. They are built by themselves based on the experience and methods inherited from generation to generation. The cow hair tent is not only an indispensable production tool for herdsmen, but also a habitat for herdsmen. It has the characteristics of fast migration, strong adaptability to the site, local materials, cheap and economical; however, the cow hair tent is cold and humid, leaking rain and ventilation, smoke and fire are common, and the indoor hot and humid environment and comfort are poor.

As herdsmen communicate more frequently with the outside world, a frame-style nomadic tent is loved by some herdsmen in cold pastoral areas. Compared with the traditional cow felt tent, this kind of frame tent has the advantages that the structure is made of metal tubes, which has good structural stability, strong resistance to wind and snow pressure, and the internal space is standardized and easy to use; the rods and accessories are standardized, It is convenient and quick to install and disassemble, and the overall weight is light. The dry state of the unit living space is only 60-80% of that of a cow-hair tent, and the wet state is equivalent to 40-60% of that of a cow-hair tent. Great improvement, living comfort has been significantly improved.

However, the canopy design of this frame-type nomadic tent often focuses on cold protection and heat preservation while ignoring functional considerations such as heat protection, ventilation, and smoke exhaust. When used by nomads during grazing, there are problems in the following aspects: 1), Poor smoke extraction capability. Since herdsmen are inseparable from the stoves fueled by cow dung or firewood for cooking, making tea, roasting tsampa, and heating, the smoke generated by combustion will inevitably pollute the indoor air. The smoke exhaust function is Insufficient consideration of existing tents; 2), weak heat resistance. Pastoral areas generally have higher altitudes and stronger solar radiation. Even in colder seasons, when the solar radiation is strong during the day, the temperature inside the tent is higher, the "greenhouse effect" is obvious, and heat protection is also necessary; 3) Insufficient climate adaptability powerful. The nomadic period is generally from April to October, during which there is a relatively long period of time in relatively hot summer, and the living comfort of frame tents with weak heat resistance is very poor; 4) Insufficient ventilation. Since herdsmen have to live in tents and engage in some production activities such as cheese making, and various living and production facilities are stacked in tents that are not spacious enough, ensuring good ventilation conditions for tents is to eliminate indoor odors and maintain indoor hygienic and healthy air quality necessary.

In addition to the above problems of frame-type nomadic tents, these tents also have an obvious "cold room effect" at night, that is, on a clear night, the temperature inside the tent is lower than the outdoor temperature, forming a "cold room". Through repeated experiments and research, it is found that the "cold room effect" is mainly caused by the cold sky radiation at night. The stronger the cold sky radiation, the more obvious the "cold room effect" in the tent; Effect" is weak, and even the "cold room effect" does not appear.

Frame nomadic tents will experience various weather conditions during use, and the outdoor temperature and weather conditions will change throughout the year. When the outdoor air temperature is 18°C lower than the minimum comfortable temperature that people feel, the "greenhouse effect" is beneficial to improving the environment inside the tent; but if the "greenhouse effect" is too strong and exceeds 26°C, the occupants feel stuffy and need Inhibited; when the outdoor temperature is higher than 26°C, the "greenhouse effect" will make the tent more uncomfortable, and all need to be inhibited. Similarly, when the outdoor air temperature is 26°C higher than the maximum comfortable temperature that people feel, the "cold room effect" at night is beneficial to improving the environment in the tent, but if the "cold room effect" is too strong, the temperature inside the tent will be lower than 26°C. When the temperature is 18°C, the cold feeling becomes obvious, so it needs to be suppressed; when the outdoor temperature is lower than 18°C, the "cold room effect" will make the tent more uncomfortable, and it needs to be suppressed.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings and deficiencies of the above-mentioned prior art, and provide a frame-type nomadic tent with an inner air space. "Greenhouse effect" and "cold room effect"; through the scientific and rational design of the tent enclosure, the nomadic tents can be fundamentally improved in terms of heat protection, ventilation and smoke exhaust; based on scientific experiments, the rational selection of tent fabrics Thermal conductivity and color can weaken the "greenhouse effect" and "cold room effect" of nomadic tents, increase the heat insulation and heat preservation performance of tents, and improve the living quality of herdsmen during nomadic life.

The object of the present invention is to be realized by the following technical solutions: the frame-type nomadic tent with an inner air space layer mainly consists of a frame and a tent enclosure arranged on the frame, the tent enclosure includes a roof and side enclosures, and the tent enclosure An inner canopy is arranged on the inner side of the inner canopy, and an inner air interlayer is formed between the inner canopy and the canopy.

Furthermore, if the average thickness of the inner air space layer is too small, the heat preservation and heat insulation effects are not ideal; if the average thickness is too large, the effect on further enhancing the heat preservation and heat insulation effects is not obvious, and it occupies a large indoor space. Considering comprehensively, the average thickness is designed to be 100-200mm, and the preferred design is 150mm.

Still further, the roof and the inner roof corresponding to the position of the roof are provided with a skylight hole, and the area ratio of the skylight hole to the roof is 0.01-0.03; the side wall, and the position of the side wall The corresponding inner canopy enclosures are provided with side window holes, and the area ratio of the side window openings to the awning enclosure is 0.05-0.15.

The area ratio of the above-mentioned skylight hole to the tent enclosure refers to the ratio of the sum of the opening areas of the skylights opened on all sides of the top of the tent to the area of the entire tent enclosure (including all openings), referred to as the skylight enclosure ratio; the area ratio of the side window opening to the tent enclosure It refers to the ratio of the sum of the area of the side window openings (including doors) around the tent to the area of the entire canopy (including all openings), referred to as the side window circumference ratio.

The area ratio of the skylight opening to the canopy enclosure is 0.01-0.03, the area ratio of the side window opening to the awning enclosure is 0.05-0.15, and the ratio of the skylight opening and the side window enclosure can be combined arbitrarily within the above range. Window holes and skylight holes increase the production cost and the difficulty of rainproofing. The combination of the skylight aspect ratio around 0.02 and the side window aspect ratio around 0.10 is the best.

The nomadic tent is made of organic fluorine waterproof and breathable fabric with a thermal conductivity of 0.042-0.055W/m°C. The color of the fabric is preferably pure white or light off-white; the inner canopy can be made of flame-retardant fabric or breathable decorative fabric. become. When the tent structure, form, size parameters and other materials are the same, only the material of the tarpaulin fabric is different, it is beneficial to choose a material with a small thermal conductivity as the tarpaulin fabric, which is beneficial to improve the thermal insulation and heat resistance performance of the tent; and because Different color fabrics have different reflectivity and absorptivity for radiation waves, and light-colored fabrics have high reflectivity and low absorptivity. Therefore, the nomadic tents involved in the present invention preferably use pure white with a thermal conductivity of 0.042-0.055W/m°C. Or light off-white organic fluorine waterproof and breathable fabric.

The canopy is fixed on the frame of the nomadic tent, and the split design is preferred. It is mainly composed of the canopy and the side. The canopy and the side are set independently. The connecting member is a nylon adhesive tape, a chain buckle, a buckle set or a zipper. The canopy enclosure can not only adopt a split design, but can also be designed as an integral structure.

The inner canopy is attached to the inner side of the frame of the nomadic tent, that is, the inner canopy is hung on the inner side of the frame and the canopy to form an inner air space layer. There are two types of the air space layer: a. The full air space layer, namely The inner canopy is composed of the inner roof and the inner side; b, part of the air space, such as the inner canopy only includes the inner roof. Doors, skylights and side windows are arranged on the inner canopy enclosure, and the positions and sizes of the doors, skylights and side windows on the inner canopy enclosure and the awning enclosure are matched.

In order to allow the tent to quickly discharge the smoke generated during the herdsman’s life, a chimney opening for the chimney to pass through is provided on the top or side of the tent enclosure and the inner tent enclosure, so as to ensure that the smoke in the furnace can be discharged smoothly and improve the tent interior. air quality. In order to prevent the overheating of the chimney from damaging the awning and inner awning fabric around the chimney, a metal sheet sandwiched with asbestos cloth or asbestos board is used as a transitional connecting part between the awning and inner awning fabric and the chimney to play a flame-retardant and fireproof role. The fabrics of the canopy and the inner canopy are fixed by the fixing member and the metal sheet.

The structure of the tent is a frame-type double-slope roof and a frame-type four-slope roof. There are two ways to assemble the frame: 1. It is composed of several steel pipes through hinged and serial connections; 2. It is connected and combined through multi-way components made. On the slope at the top of the frame, cross steel cables or steel ropes are set between the gable steel frames to stabilize and strengthen the frame structure; on the top of the frame, multiple steel cables or steel ropes are set between the steel pipes along the direction of the gable steel frames , not only strengthens the frame structure, but also can be used to hang lanterns, towels and other light weight items, which is convenient for herdsmen's daily life.

There are two forms in which the frame uprights are arranged on the ground: 1. The frame uprights are arranged perpendicular to the ground; 2. The frame uprights are arranged obliquely on the ground.

Curtains are provided on the skylight holes and side window holes on the canopy and inner canopy to prevent wind, rain, snow and direct sunlight; screens and light-transmitting sheets can also be added to the side window openings as required. The screen window is used to prevent mosquitoes from entering the tent and affecting the daily life of herdsmen, and the light-transmitting sheet can block the cold wind while ensuring sufficient lighting and sunlight in the tent.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

(1) By setting the inner canopy on the inner side of the canopy to form an inner air space layer, weaken its "greenhouse effect" and "cold room effect".

(2) Based on scientific experiments, scientifically and rationally design tent enclosures and inner enclosures to achieve fundamental improvements in the functions of frame-type nomadic tents in terms of heat protection, ventilation, and smoke exhaust.

(3) Based on scientific experiments, rationally select the material and color of the tent fabric, weaken its "greenhouse effect" and "cold room effect", increase the heat insulation and heat preservation performance of the tent, and improve the quality of life of herdsmen during nomadic life.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the overall structure schematic diagram of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure when the side wall of the present invention is lifted;

Fig. 3 is the structural representation when framework of the present invention is a double slope roof;

Fig. 4 is the structural representation when framework of the present invention is a four-slope roof;

Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the frame pole of the present invention when it is inclined to the ground;

Fig. 6 is a kind of structure schematic diagram that skylight is set when the present invention is a double slope roof;

Fig. 7 is a kind of structure schematic diagram of setting skylight when the present invention is a four-slope roof;

Fig. 8 is the structural representation of another kind of setting skylight when the present invention is a double slope roof;

Fig. 9 is another structural schematic view of setting a skylight when the present invention is a four-slope roof;

Fig. 10 is a structural schematic diagram when the skylight hole in Fig. 8 is an inverted triangle;

Fig. 11 is a structural schematic diagram when the skylight hole in Fig. 9 is an inverted triangle;

Fig. 12 is another kind of structure schematic diagram that skylight is set when the present invention is a double slope roof;

Fig. 13 is a structural schematic diagram when the skylight in Fig. 12 is closed;

Fig. 14 is the structure schematic diagram of the fourth kind of setting skylight when the present invention is a double slope roof;

Fig. 15 is a structural schematic diagram when the skylight in Fig. 14 is closed;

Fig. 16 is a structural schematic diagram of setting side windows when the present invention is a double slope roof;

Fig. 17 is a structural schematic diagram of setting side windows when the present invention is a four-slope roof;

Fig. 18 is another kind of structural representation of setting side windows when the present invention is a double slope roof;

Fig. 19 is a structural schematic diagram of another arrangement of side windows when the present invention is a four-slope roof;

Fig. 20 is another structural schematic diagram of setting side windows when the present invention is a double slope roof;

Fig. 21 is another structural schematic diagram of setting side windows when the present invention is a four-slope roof;

Figure 22 is a curve diagram of the influence of the inner air interlayer on the thermal insulation performance of the tent;

Figure 23 is a graph showing the influence of the inner air interlayer on the thermal insulation performance of the tent;

Figure 24 is a graph showing the influence of different skylight girth ratios on the temperature in the tent;

Figure 25 is a graph showing the influence of different side window circumference ratios on the temperature in the tent;

Figure 26 is a curve diagram of the influence of different side window girth ratios and skylight girth ratio combinations on the temperature in the tent;

Figure 27 is a graph showing the influence of different fabric materials on the thermal performance of tents;

Figure 28 is a graph showing the influence of different fabric materials on the thermal performance of tents;

Figure 29 is a graph showing the influence of different fabric colors on the thermal performance of tents;

Figure 30 is a graph showing the influence of different fabric colors on the thermal performance of tents.

The marks in the drawings and the names of corresponding parts: 1-frame; 2-roof; 3-side enclosure; 4-inner enclosure; - frame pole; 10 - pull rope; 11 - cloth strip; 12 - small window hole; 13 - steel cable.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments and the accompanying drawings, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.

Example

The frame-type nomadic tent with an inner air space layer related to the present invention is mainly composed of a frame 1 and an awning arranged on the frame 1. The awning includes a roof 2 and a side 3, and the inside of the awning is provided with The inner canopy 4, the inner air interlayer is formed between the inner canopy 4 and the canopy; the said canopy and the inner canopy are provided with skylight holes 5, side window holes 6, and chimney openings for the chimney 7 to pass through ; Skylight holes 5 and side window holes 6 are provided with curtains 8 .

The canopy is fixed on the outside of the frame 1, and the inner canopy 4 is attached to the inside of the frame 1, as shown in Figure 1, thereby forming a fully enclosed inner air space, which not only isolates the outdoor heat from entering, but also reduces the heat inside the tent. Dissipation ensures a more comfortable heat and humidity environment in the tent.

The side walls of the tent can be lifted freely to form a variable space outside the tent, so that the air space can be naturally ventilated and effectively dissipate heat, as shown in FIG. 2 .

There are two structural forms of the nomadic tents involved in the present invention: one is the frame-type double-slope roof shown in Figure 3; the other is the frame-type four-slope roof shown in Figure 4, but the structure of the present invention is not limited In the above two forms, it can also be designed according to user needs. There are two ways to assemble the frame: 1. It is composed of several steel pipes through hinged connection and series connection; 2. It is composed of multi-pass components. Steel cables 13 are intersected between the herringbone steel frames on the slope at the top of the frame 1 to stabilize and strengthen the frame 1 structure; on the top of the frame 1 along the direction of the herringbone steel frames, a plurality of steel cables 13 are arranged between the steel pipes , not only strengthen the structure of the frame 1, but also be used for hanging lanterns, towels and other light-weight items, which is convenient for herdsmen's daily life.

There are two forms in which the frame pole 9 of the nomadic tent is set on the ground: one is set vertically to the ground as shown in Figures 3 and 4; , effectively reducing the wind resistance around the tent, thereby greatly enhancing the wind resistance of the tent. The above-mentioned frame structure form and the form in which the frame poles 9 are arranged on the ground can be combined in pairs to form various appearance forms of the tent to meet the needs of different users.

The roof 2 and the inner roof 4 corresponding to the position of the roof 2 are all provided with a skylight hole 5, and the skylight hole 5 has four types of settings on the roof 2: one is as shown in Figures 6 and 7 Shown, this skylight hole 3 is straddled on the top that the tent surrounds, and the curtain 8 that area is larger than skylight hole 5 is attached on it, stay cord 8 is attached on the curtain 8, and one side is sewn on the tent surround. When the skylight needs to be opened, the curtain 8 is opened by pulling the stay cord 10 downward on the side where the curtain 8 is sewn;

The other is shown in Figures 8 and 9. The entire skylight hole 5 is arranged on any one or more slopes, and the skylight hole 5 is provided with a curtain 8 for blocking wind, rain and snow. The curtain 8 is rectangular and has a stay cord on it. 10, and the rectangular curtain is fixed on one side, and the two sides perpendicular to the fixed side are provided with cloth strips 11 that are connected and sealed to prevent rainwater seepage. The cloth strips 11 are triangular, and their shape determines the opening angle of the skylight. When the skylight needs to be opened for ventilation, only the curtain 8 needs to be opened to a suitable position by pulling the stay cord 10, and the stay cord 10 is fixed to keep the opening angle of the curtain 8. Not only can curtain 8 be installed in the mode shown in Figure 8,9 on the skylight hole 5, also can as shown in Figure 10,11, skylight hole 5 is designed as an inverted triangle, in order to prevent rainwater seepage. The curtain 8 is installed on the triangular hole, and the curtain 8 is equipped with a drawstring 10 to control its tightening state. When the skylight needs to be opened, the skylight can be opened by simply pulling the drawstring 10 on the curtain 8 to shrink it. .

The third type is shown in Figures 12 and 13. This type of skylight is mainly used in frame-type double-slope nomadic tents. The skylights of this type are on the two opposite gable surfaces (sides of the tent perpendicular to the slope) Partially offers triangular skylight hole 5, and is attached triangular curtain 8 thereon. One side of triangular curtain 8 is fixed on the bottom of triangular skylight hole 5, and on the diagonal tip of the fixed limit of curtain 8, sews stay cord 10 on inner and outer surfaces respectively. A small hole is offered at the gable top of the side wall, and the stay cord 10 sewn on the inside surface of the curtain 8 passes through the small hole to hang in the tent, and the stay cord 10 sewn on the outside of the curtain 8 hangs outside the tent. When the skylight needs to be opened, the stay cord 10 is pulled downward outside the tent, and the curtain 8 is drawn to a natural hanging state, and the skylight is fully opened; Curtain 8 is bonded with awning surround by nylon adhesive tape, avoids cold wind to infiltrate.

The fourth type is shown in Figures 14 and 15. This type of skylight is mainly used in frame-type double-slope nomadic tents. The skylights of this type are on the two opposite gable surfaces (sides of the tent perpendicular to the slope) Partially offers triangular skylight hole 5, and is attached triangular curtain 8 thereon. The two hypotenuses of the triangular curtain 8 are sewn on the canopy, and the third side of the triangular curtain 8 is sewn with a stay rope 10. The length of the third side is longer than the length of the corresponding side of the triangular window hole. The increment of the length will determine the opening of the curtain. Angle, the larger the increment, the larger the opening angle and the better the ventilation effect. When the sunroof needs to be opened, the stay cord 10 is pulled outwards and downwards outside the tent, and the third side of the curtain 8 is pulled up to the outside, and the stay cord 10 is fixed to pull up the angle of the curtain; when the sunroof needs to be closed, the stay cord 10 is released. , curtain 8 hangs naturally, and skylight is in closed state.

The side wall 3 and the inner canopy 4 corresponding to the position of the side wall 3 are provided with side window holes 6, and there are three types of settings for the side window holes 6 on the side wall 3: one is shown in Figures 16 and 17. As shown, a curtain 8 slightly larger than the side window hole 6 is attached outside the side window hole 6 provided, and the side window hole 6 is rectangular; the other is shown in Figures 18 and 19, and its difference from the first form is that The side window hole 6 is an inverted triangle, which increases the rainproof ability; the third kind is shown in Figures 20 and 21. When the area of the single side window hole 6 on the canopy is relatively large, a small window hole 12 is added on the large curtain, and a small window hole 12 is added to it. There are curtains attached to it, which can adapt to various weather conditions and increase the convenience of use.

A key point of the present invention is that an inner canopy 4 is arranged on the inner side of the awning, and an inner air interlayer is formed between the inner canopy 4 and the awning.

In order to illustrate the influence of the inner air interlayer on the thermal insulation and thermal insulation performance of the tent, the experiment on the influence of the inner air interlayer on the thermal insulation performance of the tent was first carried out. The main indicators that reflect the quality of the thermal insulation effect are the internal air temperature and the internal surface temperature of the tent; under the same conditions, the higher the temperature, the warmer the room and the better the thermal insulation effect. The experiment is carried out at a typical night when the temperature is relatively low and heat preservation is most needed. In order to eliminate the interference of other factors, the side windows and skylights are all closed during the test. The experimental results are shown in Figure 22. In the figure, the abscissa corresponds to different times, and the ordinate indicates the temperature. From this figure it can be seen that:

1) For a tent with an inner air layer, the air temperature in the tent is significantly higher than that of a tent without an inner air layer;

2) For tents with an inner air layer, the inner surface temperature of the tent is significantly higher than that of a tent without an inner air layer;

3) Comparing the tent air temperature, inner surface temperature and outdoor air temperature, it can be found that the "cold room effect" of the tent without inner air interlayer is more obvious, and the inner air interlayer can significantly weaken the "cold room effect".

Then, the experiment of the influence of the inner air space layer on the thermal insulation performance of the tent was carried out. The experiment was carried out during the typical day when the temperature is high, the solar radiation is large, and heat protection is most needed. In order to eliminate the interference of other factors, the side windows and skylights were all closed during the test. The experimental results are shown in Figure 23. In the figure, the abscissa corresponds to different times, and the ordinate indicates the temperature. From this figure it can be seen that:

1) For a tent with an inner air layer, the air temperature in the tent is significantly lower than that of a tent without an inner air layer;

2) For a tent with an inner air layer, the temperature of the inner surface of the tent is significantly lower than that of a tent without an inner air layer;

3) Comparing the air temperature and inner surface temperature of the tent with the outdoor air temperature, it can be found that the "greenhouse effect" of tents without inner air interlayer is more obvious, and the inner air interlayer can significantly weaken the "greenhouse effect".

The above test results are a set of representative test curves in a large number of test data. The test conditions are that the average thickness of the inner air space layer is 150mm, and the inner air space layer is integral.

When the inner air interlayer is only part of the tent, it also has a similar rule, but the heat preservation and heat insulation effects are affected to varying degrees due to the proportion of the air interlayer; the present invention increases the inner air interlayer locally, and the test results got confirmed.

A large number of experimental results show that the reasonable average thickness of the inner air interlayer is 100-200mm. If the average thickness of the inner air interlayer is too small, the thermal insulation and heat insulation effects are not ideal; The effect is not obvious, and it occupies a large indoor space. Considering comprehensively, the average thickness of the inner air space layer is selected as 100-200mm, and the preferred design is 150mm.

Another key point of the present invention is to determine the reasonable range of the girth ratio of the skylight and the girth ratio of the side windows on the canopy through scientific experiment analysis, and the optimal combination within a reasonable range. The purpose of optimizing the girth ratio of the skylight and the girth ratio of the side windows is to better ventilate, exhaust smoke, prevent heat and create a healthy and hygienic indoor environment. The better the thermal performance, the stronger the ventilation and smoke exhaust ability, and the more fresh air from outside enters.

The area ratio between the skylight hole 5 and the tent circumference refers to the ratio of the sum of the opening areas of the skylights on each side of the top of the tent to the entire tent circumference area (including all openings), referred to as the skylight circumference ratio; the side window hole 6 and the tent circumference The area ratio refers to the ratio of the sum of the area of the side window openings (including doors) around the tent to the area of the entire canopy (including all openings), referred to as the side window circumference ratio.

In order to determine the reasonable range of the girth ratio of the skylight and the girth ratio of the side windows on the canopy, the experiment of the effect of the girth ratio of the skylight on the air temperature inside the tent was carried out first. The experiment was carried out when all the side windows were closed. In the figure, the abscissa indicates different times, and the ordinate indicates temperature. The five test curves from top to bottom are the air temperature comparisons at the geometric centers of various tents when the skylight girth ratio is 0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, and 0.038. It can be seen from the figure that under the same meteorological conditions outdoors, when the skylight circumference ratio is 0 (that is, the skylights are all closed), the temperature inside the tent is the highest; when the skylight circumference ratio is 0.01, the temperature inside the tent drops significantly. The greenhouse effect is weakened; when the skylight ratio increases to 0.02, the temperature inside the tent drops significantly; when the skylight ratio is 0.03, the greenhouse effect of the tent is further improved; but when the skylight ratio increases to 0.038 , compared with 0.03, the indoor temperature does not decrease significantly. Therefore, from the perspective of weakening the greenhouse effect of the tent, enhancing the heat resistance of the tent and maintaining sufficient ventilation, it is better to control the girth ratio of the skylight within 0.03. The opening of the skylight is too large. First, the cost of the skylight and accessories will be increased. Second, the difficulty of preventing rain and leakage will be greatly increased. Third, the improvement of the ability to prevent heat and smoke is not too significant, and the gain outweighs the gain. On the other hand, it can be seen from the picture above that whether there is a skylight on the tent, the ability to prevent heat and weaken the greenhouse effect is completely different; For nomadic tents heated by tea, the best way to discharge the overflowing smoke is the skylight; in addition, the skylight can also meet the basic needs of the occupants for natural lighting. After the above test analysis and comprehensive research, the minimum skylight girth ratio should be greater than 0.01. Accordingly, the girth ratio of the skylight in the present invention ranges from 0.01 to 0.03.

Then, the experiment on the effect of the side window circumference ratio on the temperature in the tent was carried out. The experiment was carried out when the skylights were all closed. The experimental results are shown in Figure 25. In the figure, the abscissa indicates different times, and the ordinate indicates the temperature. The five test curves from top to bottom are the comparison of the air temperature inside the tent when the side window circumference ratio is 0, 0.05, 0.095, 0.15, and 0.196, and the bottom curve is the outdoor air temperature. It can be seen from the figure that under the same weather conditions outdoors, when the side window circumference ratio is 0 (that is, the side windows are all closed), the temperature inside the tent is the highest; when the side window circumference ratio is 0.05, the temperature inside the tent has Significantly decreased, the greenhouse effect weakened, especially in the higher temperature range; as the side window ratio increased to 0.095, the temperature in the tent decreased significantly; when the side window ratio was 0.15, the tent The greenhouse effect is further improved; but when the side window enclosure ratio increases to 0.196, the indoor air temperature does not decrease significantly compared with 0.15. Therefore, from the perspective of weakening the greenhouse effect of the tent, enhancing the heat resistance of the tent, and maintaining sufficient ventilation, it is better to control the side window circumference ratio below 0.15. If the window opening is too large, the cost of the window and accessories will be increased, and the possibility of rainwater intrusion will be increased. , the aesthetic appearance is affected by the deterioration of the falling property. On the other hand, tents are for people to live in. In addition to comfort requirements such as heat protection, smoke exhaust, and good air quality, the occupants also have basic needs for lighting during their residence. The heat protection effect also needs to consider the natural lighting of the occupants and the appreciation of the exterior scenery. After the above comprehensive research, the minimum side window girth ratio should be greater than 0.05. Accordingly, the side window girth ratio of the present invention ranges from 0.05 to 0.15.

The above optimization ranges of the girth ratio of the side window and the girth ratio of the sunroof are obtained under the condition of fixing one of them, and their reasonable optimal combination can achieve better results, otherwise, inappropriate combinations will affect the effect. In order to obtain the influence of the combination of side window girth ratio and skylight girth ratio within the above range on the heat protection, smoke exhaust, ventilation and lighting of the tent, the following is the comparison of the air temperature inside the tent with different combinations of skylight girth ratio and side window girth ratio. Influencing experiments, the experimental results are shown in Figure 26. In the figure, the abscissa indicates different times, and the ordinate indicates the temperature. The five test curves from top to bottom are the comparison of the air temperature at the geometric center of various tents under different side window and skylight circumference ratios, and the bottom one is the outdoor air temperature curve. The first curve from top to bottom in the figure shows that under the same outdoor meteorological conditions, when the side windows and skylight ratios are both 0 (that is, the side windows and skylights are all closed), the temperature inside the tent is the highest; the second line The curve shows that when the girth ratio of the side window is 0.097 and the girth ratio of the skylight is 0, the temperature inside the tent drops significantly, and the greenhouse effect is weakened; the third curve shows that when the girth ratio of the side window is appropriately reduced to 0.076, but the skylight is opened, When the girth ratio of the skylight increases by 0.012, the temperature inside the tent drops significantly; the fourth curve shows that when the girth ratio of the side windows and the skylight is further increased to 0.11 and 0.021 respectively, the temperature drops again. The greenhouse effect of the tent has been further improved; the fifth curve shows that when the ratios of side windows and skylights are both increased to the maximum recommended values of 0.15 and 0.03, the heat protection effect of the tent is better.

The experiment scientifically explained a few points: 1. The importance of a reasonable match between the side window and the sunroof ratio, the effect is not good if only the side window is opened without the sunroof (deviating from the recommended range); 2. Within a certain matching range of the recommended value Inside (the 3rd and 4th curves), the effect of increasing the ratio of side windows and skylights is not too significant. Considering the factors that increase the production cost and the difficulty of rain protection due to the increase of side windows and skylights, the ratio of the skylight ratio is 0.02 1. The combination of side window girth ratio around 0.10 is the best; 3. Enlarging the side window and skylight girth ratio is always beneficial for heat protection and ventilation. If all or part of the movable bonding is completed, one or more sides of the side wall can be uncovered when encountering a particularly hot climate.

Regardless of whether the ratio of the side windows and skylights finalized in the tent production is large or small, it will greatly affect the performance of heat protection, smoke exhaust and ventilation, but will not affect the thermal insulation performance of the tent. Because the side windows and skylights can be completely closed (when heat preservation is required); they can also be fully opened (when smoke exhaust and ventilation are required); they can also be opened to any angle according to the actual situation, so that the climate and environmental adaptability of the tent are enhanced. The size of the side windows and the skylight ratio finally determined by the tent production determines how much adjustment range the producer provides for the tent occupants.

In addition, in order to prevent mosquitoes, screens are generally installed at the opening of the window; the mesh density of screens on the market varies greatly, if according to the ventilation area ratio, it is generally 25-55% (the ventilation area ratio of the screen window for the experimental sample is about 40%). The mesh density of the screen window affects the girth ratio of the side window and the girth ratio of the skylight. When the mesh of the selected screen window is relatively thin (the ventilation area is relatively large), the girth ratio of the side window and the skylight can be appropriately reduced; the mesh is denser (the ventilation area is relatively small). ), the girth ratio of the side windows and the girth ratio of the sunroof must be appropriately increased. For nomadic areas with high altitude and few mosquitoes, if there are no screens at the window openings, the optimal range of side window girth ratio and skylight girth ratio can be multiplied by a correction factor of about 0.70.

In addition, among the four types of skylights shown in Figures 6 to 15, there are obvious differences in the effects of smoke exhaust, heat exhaust, and ventilation, which become worse in turn. If the effect of the first form is 100%, the latter three forms are approximately 90%, 75%, and 60% successively.

The third key point of the present invention is to reasonably select the fabric material and color range of the nomadic tent through scientific experiments.

In order to determine the fabric material of the nomadic tent, the experiment of the influence of different fabric materials on the thermal insulation performance of the tent was first carried out. The experiment was carried out at night, and the other conditions of the tent were the same, only the fabric material was different; in order to exclude the influence of other factors, the test was removed The inner canopy surrounds 4, the side windows and the skylight are all closed, and the experimental results are shown in Figure 27. In the figure, the abscissa corresponds to different times, and the ordinate indicates the temperature. The upper curve is the outdoor temperature; the middle curve is the change curve of the temperature inside the tent when the fabric is made of organic fluorine waterproof and breathable canvas; the lower curve is the change curve of the temperature inside the tent when the fabric is made of PVC single-sided coating. From this figure it can be seen that:

1) When organic fluorine is used as tent fabric, the temperature inside the tent is significantly higher than that of PVC single-sided coated tents;

2) Compared with the outdoor temperature, the temperature inside the tent of the two fabrics is lower than the outdoor temperature most of the time, and the phenomenon of "cold room effect" appears.

3) Further test results show that the inner surface temperature of the single-sided PVC fabric tent is lower than that of the organic fluorine fabric tent, and the lower degree is more obvious than the lower temperature, resulting in a more significant cold feeling in the single-sided PVC fabric tent .

Then, the experiment on the effect of different fabric materials on the thermal performance of tents was carried out. The other conditions of this experiment were the same as the experiment on the thermal insulation performance of tents made of different fabric materials. The only difference was that it was carried out during the daytime. The experimental results are shown in Figure 28. The abscissa corresponds to different times, and the ordinate indicates the temperature. Several curves are the internal temperature, internal surface temperature, and outdoor air temperature of the tent when organic fluorine and single-sided PVC coated cloth are used as fabrics. From this figure it can be seen that:

1) When organic fluorine is used as the fabric, the temperature inside the tent is significantly lower than that of PVC single-sided coated tents;

2) When organic fluorine is used as the fabric, the inner surface temperature of the tent is significantly lower than that of PVC single-sided coated tents;

3) For tents made of organic fluorine, the "greenhouse effect" is effectively weakened, the indoor temperature and inner surface temperature are lower, and the hot weather is cooler.

Through the above two experiments, it can be seen that when the structure, form, size parameters and other materials of the tents are the same, only the material of the tent fabric is different, the thermal insulation performance of the two tents when it is cold at night and the heat resistance performance when the solar radiation is strong during the day There are clear differences. Further testing found that the main reason for the above phenomenon is the difference in thermal conductivity of the two materials. The thermal conductivity of single-sided PVC-coated fabric is about 0.068W/m℃, while the thermal conductivity of organic fluorine waterproof and breathable canvas is about 0.048W/m m°C; The comparative test of tents made of other fabric materials also proves that choosing materials with a small thermal conductivity as the outer tent fabric is beneficial to improving the thermal insulation and heat resistance performance of the tent. Accordingly, the present invention uses organic fluorine fabrics with a thermal conductivity of 0.042-0.055 W/m°C as tent fabrics for nomadic tents.

In order to determine the fabric color range of nomadic tents, it is necessary to conduct an experiment on the influence of different fabric colors on the thermal insulation performance of the tent. The experiment is carried out at night, and the other conditions of the tent are the same, only the fabric color is different. In order to exclude the influence of other factors, the side window and skylights are all closed, the experimental results are shown in Figure 29, in the figure, the abscissa corresponds to different times, and the ordinate represents the temperature. Several curves respectively represent the internal air temperature and outdoor air temperature of the tent when the color of the tent fabric is pure white, off-white, dark gray, and blue. From this figure it can be seen that:

1) The lighter the color of the tent fabric, the higher the temperature inside the tent and the better the thermal insulation;

2) Pure white is the best, blue is the worst of these colors, and the "cold room effect" is the most obvious;

3) Further test results show that the inner surface temperature of light-colored fabric tents is higher than that of dark-colored fabric tents, and the higher degree is more obvious than that of air temperature, resulting in a more significant sense of warmth in light-colored fabric tents.

The last experiment was the effect of different fabric colors on the thermal performance of tents. The other conditions of this experiment were the same as those of different colors on the thermal performance of tents. The only difference was that it was conducted during the day. The experimental results are shown in Figure 30. In the figure, The abscissa corresponds to different times, and the ordinate indicates the temperature. Several curves respectively represent the internal air temperature and outdoor air temperature of the tent when the color of the tent fabric is pure white, off-white, dark gray, and blue.

It can be seen from the figure that the lighter the color of the tent fabric, the lower the temperature inside the tent and the better the heat insulation; pure white is the best, and blue is the worst of these colors. The test results also show that the inner surface temperature of light-colored fabric tents is lower than that of dark-colored fabric tents, and the lower degree is more obvious than that of air temperature, and the cool feeling in light-colored fabric tents is more significant. It can be seen that from the perspective of improving the thermal insulation and heat resistance performance of nomadic tents, the color orientation of the outer fabric is consistent, and light colors should be selected.

Through further experimental tests, it is found that the main reason for the above phenomenon is that fabrics of different colors have different reflectivity and absorption rate for radiation waves, and light-colored fabrics have high reflectivity and low absorption rate. During the day, the sun radiates heat on the outer surface of the tent, and the light-colored fabric reflects most of the heat away, and less is absorbed by the fabric, so the temperature on the inner surface of the tent and inside the tent is lower, and the dark-colored fabric absorbs more and reflects away. less, so the temperature inside the tent and inside the tent is higher; at night, the cold radiation from the sky shines on the outer surface of the tent, and the light-colored fabric reflects most of the cold away, which is less absorbed by the tent, and the temperature inside the tent is higher, and the darker The colored fabric absorbs more, reflects less, and the temperature inside the tent is lower.

Based on this, it can be concluded that the fabric color of nomadic tents should be pure white or light off-white; the tent fabric should be treated with self-cleaning, anti-fouling, and color fastness frequently to avoid gray stains during use that will darken the fabric color; the outer layer of the tent The colored area of the designed dark decorative color strips (blocks) and the printed dark patterns of ethnic characteristics should be controlled within 20% of the outer surface area of the entire tent, so as not to cause obvious adverse effects on the thermal insulation and heat resistance performance of the tent .

Based on scientific testing and research, the optimization parameters of tent design, the range of thermal conductivity of fabric materials and the preferred color of fabrics proposed above are optimized from the perspective of technical indicators such as tent ventilation, heat exhaust, smoke exhaust, heat preservation, and heat insulation. The nomadic tent also needs to comprehensively consider the economic affordability of the herders, ethnic customs, etc. In fact, through technical and economic comparison, it is not completely limited to the above range.

The present invention is mainly aimed at nomadic tents used by herdsmen on the grasslands, but is not limited to nomadic tents, and can also be applied to tents in other fields, which will not be described one by one here.

As described above, the present invention can be better implemented.

Claims (10)

1. The frame-type nomadic tent with an inner air space is mainly composed of a frame (1) and a canopy set on the frame (1). The canopy includes a canopy (2) and a side wall (3). Its characteristics The inner side of the awning is provided with an inner awning (4), and an inner air interlayer is formed between the inner awning (4) and the awning. 2. The frame-type nomadic tent with an inner air space according to claim 1, wherein the average thickness of the inner air space is 100-200 mm. 3. The frame-type nomadic tent with an inner air space according to claim 2, wherein the average thickness of the inner air space is 150mm. 4. The frame-type nomadic tent with an inner air space according to claim 1, characterized in that, the roof (2) and the inner roof (4) corresponding to the position of the roof (2) are All are provided with skylight holes (5), and the area ratio of the skylight holes (5) to the canopy is 0.01-0.03. 5. The frame-type nomadic tent with an inner air space according to claim 4, characterized in that the area ratio of the skylight hole (5) to the canopy is 0.02. 6. The frame-type nomadic tent with an inner air space according to claim 1, characterized in that, the side wall (3) and the inner canopy wall (4) corresponding to the position of the side wall (3) are Both are provided with side window holes (6), and the area ratio of the side window holes (6) to the canopy is 0.05-0.15. 7. The frame-type nomadic tent with an inner air space according to claim 6, characterized in that the area ratio of the side window hole (6) to the canopy is 0.10. 8. The frame-type nomadic tent with an inner air space according to claim 1, wherein the frame-type nomadic tent with an inner air space uses organic fluorine with a thermal conductivity of 0.042-0.055W/m°C Made of waterproof and breathable fabric. 9. The frame-type nomadic tent with internal air space according to claim 1, characterized in that the fabric color of the frame-type nomadic tent with internal air space is pure white or light off-white. 10. The frame-type nomadic tent with inner air space according to claim 1, characterized in that, the canopy is fixed on the frame (1), and the inner canopy (4) is attached to the inner side of the frame (1) , and the inner canopy (4) is provided with doors, skylights and side windows.

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