CN101682260A - Device for feeding electric energy into a power grid and DC converter for such a device - Google Patents

Device for feeding electric energy into a power grid and DC converter for such a device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101682260A
CN101682260A CN200880020417A CN200880020417A CN101682260A CN 101682260 A CN101682260 A CN 101682260A CN 200880020417 A CN200880020417 A CN 200880020417A CN 200880020417 A CN200880020417 A CN 200880020417A CN 101682260 A CN101682260 A CN 101682260A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
winding
converter
switch
circuit
voltage
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Granted
Application number
CN200880020417A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN101682260B (en
Inventor
P·扎查里阿斯
B·沙汉
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SMA Solar Technology AG
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SMA Solar Technology AG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/145—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means
    • H02M7/155—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a thyratron or thyristor type requiring extinguishing means using semiconductor devices only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
    • H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
    • H02M1/007—Plural converter units in cascade
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H02M7/487—Neutral point clamped inverters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for feeding electric energy into a power grid (8) with a DC generator (1), a DC converter (2) and an inverter (3), and particularly to a DC converter (2) suited for the device. The DC converter (2) comprises a choking coil (15) having two windings (W1, W2) that are magnetically coupled and conductively connected to each other, two switches (S5, S6), and three diodes (D6, D7, D8), and is configured such that grounding of the direct current generator (1) at the negative output (5) thereof is possible and the power load of the switches (S5, S6) is kept small.

Description

Be used for the DC transducer that will feed electric energy into the device of electrical network and be used for this device
Technical field
The present invention relates to the device of the described type of claim 1 preamble, and the DC transducer that is applicable to it.
Background technology
Polytype converter be used for by for example photoelectricity or fuel cell generator etc. DC voltage generator produced feeds electric energy into the AC electrical network, particularly arrive city's electrical network (50/60Hz).Between DC voltage generator and converter, DC transducer (DC-DC transducer) is provided mostly, its direct voltage that is used for being supplied with by DC voltage generator is converted to the direct voltage of converter needs or it is adapted to.
For various reasons, wish one of output ground connection, in the context of the present invention, consider on the DC voltage generator negative output, to provide the situation of ground connection connection especially DC voltage generator.The reason of the ground connection of wishing is, on the one hand, and this ground connection of some national requirements.On the other hand, when lacking such ground connection, being in operation produces multiple shortcoming.A problem is the HF leakage electric current.Because the inevitable parasitic capacitance between DC voltage generator and the ground connection; bigger euqalizing current---it represents unacceptable security risk---may take place when potential fluctuation; it makes the supervision measure be necessary to provide complicated under the help of residual current transducer etc. so that carry out contact protection or be used for electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), and it only can be avoided safely by ground connection.Potential fluctuation on the DC voltage generator can further cause the permanent damages of some solar energy module such as thin-film module.
If use the DC transducer with transformer, the ground connection of introduction is easily feasible, its feasible electrical separation that takes place between DC voltage side and the alternating voltage side.Yet, no matter using network transformer or high frequency transformer, transformer causes the reduction of efficient, bigger weight and size and/or additional adjusting cost in a way especially, and this becomes the reason of preferred transless electric pressure converter basically.Yet the topology commonly used of transless DC transducer makes and can not realize the ground connection of wishing, because this will cause short circuit or the circuit cost of increase and other shortcoming thereof among required switch, the electric capacity etc.
Made multiple effort for the shortcoming of otherwise avoiding being mentioned.Especially, the circuit that is used to reduce undesirable leakage current is known (for example DE 10 2,004 037 466A1, DE102 21 592 A1, DE 10 2,004 030 912 B3).In these circuit, for example, solar cell array moves with electrical network isolator in some of internal electric energy transmission.So when solar cell array periodically was connected electrically to electrical network, its parasitic capacitance was only reloaded slightly, make the current potential of solar cell array on the main line frequency and to change sinusoidally corresponding to half voltage amplitude of line voltage.Because the small voltage difference of solar cell array, so high-frequency current is only between two switch periods and by the asymmetric formation in the switching process.In this way, the capacitive character leakage current can be minimized forcefully, but can not avoid fully on principle.
Further, known the switch arrangement (DE102 25 020 A1) of the solar cell array that a kind of use is cut apart, its centre-point earth.As a result, all parts of solar cell array have fixing current potential, can not flow on the capacitive character leakage current principle.Because two DC source have different output (yield), provide circuit to adapt to electric power difference and voltage in addition.In sort circuit suggestion, shortcoming be on the switch and solar cell array in high voltage differential, the supplementary load loss in the compensating circuit and need be at least four switches of clock with the high frequency.
In addition, known such circuit arrangement: by this circuit arrangement, even lack transformer, solar cell array can be on a side joint ground.On the principle, therefore the capacitive character leakage current is avoided.Yet one (DE 196 42 522 C1) in these circuit arrangement need five active switchs, and one or two switch is with the high frequency synchro switch, and average output current must be provided.On this circuit that is also referred to as " flight inductor (flying inductor) ", efficient is subjected to the in series influence of a large amount of parts of participation simultaneously in electric current.The shortcoming of sort circuit is that also discontinuous current impulse is applied on the electrical network, this needs the capacitive character line filter, because himself is to the demand of idle power, it not only weakens power factor on principle, also weakens the efficient of circuit in the fractional load scope.The capacitive character line filter of even now can use another known circuit (DE 197 32 218 C1) to avoid, need nine active switchs for this reason, wherein at least two must be with high frequency while switch, make constructions cost even further increase, the robustness and the efficient of whole device are subjected to negative effect.The voltage loads that the topology of flight inductor further has a switch depends on rail voltage and to the shortcoming of mains electricity fault sensitivity, and only has and can be under the help of three converters to use shortcoming with the three-phase operation mode operation by three times (three-fold).Though these, the converter that need have current source characteristic, and it is undesirable in many cases.
At last, the equipment of type above-mentioned is known (US 2007/0047277A1), and it is used to have the converter of bipolar voltage intermediate circuit, and this circuit comprises two capacitors that are installed in series and link together on earth terminal.Such converter is mainly used in the purpose in the literary composition at present, and it can be configured to the half-bridge converter in half-bridge converter, 3 dot circuits, and the converter that is configured to be used for a phase or three-phase main supply as required.Under all these situations, the tie point between two capacitors constitutes earth terminal, and earth terminal is associated and is attached thereto with the zero or neutral conductor of corresponding electrical network and connects.
The DC transducer of this known devices comprises the storage reactor, two diodes and a switch.In this case, the earth terminal of converter can be connected to the negative output of DC voltage generator.This becomes possibility by using the storage reactor, and the storage reactor is made of two magnetic coupling windings.Two windings of this storage reactor are at one end gone up electric linking together, make: on the one hand, when switch closure, in two windings one is loaded by DC voltage generator, another winding loads by first winding by magnetic coupling, on the other hand, when switch disconnects, by being associated in two capacitors corresponding one and remove by the diode that is associated and to load of two windings.
This device makes the counteracting that DC voltage generator can be subjected to following shortcoming with the advantage of comparatively simply installing ground connection, particularly do not have transformer and only have a switch: switch is loaded by the voltage from the voltage sum on one of two capacitors of DC voltage generator output voltage and converter voltage intermediate circuit when disconnecting.On the contrary, draw thus, the output voltage maximum of DC voltage generator is allowed to equal poor between the voltage of permission voltage on the switch and indication capacitor, avoids the words of the damage of switch if desired safely.The such restriction that is used for the output voltage of DC voltage generator is undesirable.For the electric current that will flow remains low and loss is remained low as its result, need to be higher than the voltage of the voltage difference of being mentioned on the contrary far away, make people need complicated, can the high switch that loads, perhaps, if use switch commonly used, the output voltage on the DC voltage generator must be reduced.Therefore such device has limited range of application.
Summary of the invention
Described situation in view of prior art, technical problem of the present invention is, dispose the device of type above-mentioned by this way, particularly be applicable to its DC transducer: the not only available comparatively simple structure of the negative terminal ground connection device to DC voltage generator realizes that bigger the reducing of the voltage loads of also available DC converter switch realizes.
According to the present invention,, realized this way to solve the problem with claim 1,2,11 feature.
The present invention allows the ground connection operation of DC voltage generator by using the DC transducer, and the DC transducer only needs to store reactor, three diodes and two switches under the simplest situation.The result, although cost only slightly increases, realized such advantage: the maximum load of one of switch is not higher than the DC voltage generator output voltage, simultaneously, voltage loads on another switch is not higher than the voltage of one of capacitor, make the output voltage of DC voltage generator can increase to the load limitations of switch, this and general device form contrast always.
Further favorable characteristics of the present invention will be understood by dependent claims.
Description of drawings
Below with reference to accompanying drawings and exemplary embodiment introduce the present invention in more detail, in described accompanying drawing:
Fig. 1 shows the known structure that is used for the device with ground connection DC voltage generator of electric energy feed-in electrical network;
Fig. 2 shows the device with ground connection DC voltage generator with electric energy feed-in electrical network of the present invention;
Fig. 3 shows the current curve that signal that two switches of equipment shown in Figure 2 are controlled and result obtain;
Figure 4 and 5 show device shown in Figure 2, but have the DC transducer of modification separately;
Fig. 6 shows device shown in Figure 1, but has the DC transducer of modification; And
Fig. 7 to 9 shows the alternative dissimilar converter with the operation of DC transducer that can be used as converter shown in Figure 1.
Embodiment
According to Fig. 1, the usual means of considering under the background of the present invention comprises DC voltage generator 1, DC transducer 2, converter 3.Direct voltage generator 1 comprises for example photocell or fuel cell generator, and comprise the capacitor C that is connected in parallel with two output 4 (+) and 5 (-) (US 2007/0047277A1 for example, Figure 10).
The converter 3 of known devices comprises two outputs 6,7, and it is used for the phase feed-in of electric energy to electrical network 8 here, and the phase line L of electrical network 8 is connected to output 6, its zero or neutral conductor N be connected to output 7.Converter 3 comprises three inputs E1, E2, E3 in addition.Between input E1 and E2, arrange two capacitor connected in series C1 and C2, its tie point is positioned on the input E3.Capacitor C1 and C2 constitute the common bipolar voltage intermediate circuit of converter 3.According to Fig. 1, converter 3 is configured to half-bridge converter, and has two switch S 1 and S2 for this purpose, and an one terminal is connected among input E1 or the E2, another terminal is guided to public tie point 9, and from via level and smooth or feed(er) reactor L1 guide to output 6.In addition, diode D1, a D2 respectively with two switch S 1, S2 in each be connected in parallel, can make diode D1 from tie point 9 towards input E1 conducting, make diode D2 from input E3 towards tie point 9 conductings, two diodes are with opposite direction locking.At last, input E3 is directly connected to output 7, opposite side ground connection, is configured to earth terminal as its result, and is connected to the negative output 5 of DC voltage generator 1.
DC transducer 2 has two inputs 10,11, and it is connected to the output 4 and 5 of DC voltage generator 1.The switch S 4 of guiding to tie point 14 is connected to input 10.A terminal that is configured to the storage reactor 15 of mutual reactor is connected to this tie point 14.Storage reactor 15 comprises the first winding W1 and the second winding W2, the two by magnetic coupling together, and for this purpose for example around twisting on the common core 16.Two winding W1, W2 is bonded together, and constitutes another tie point 17.
The input E3---it is configured to earth terminal---of converter 3 not only is connected electrically to and will be connected to the input 11 of the negative output 5 of DC voltage generator 1, also is connected electrically to the tie point 17 of two winding W1, W2 of DC transducer 2.In addition, the another terminal of winding W2 is connected to input E1 by diode D4, and input E2 is connected to tie point 14 between switch S 4 and the winding W1 via another diode D5.As a result, form the integral body of three electric circuits.Start from 10, one first electric routing switch S4 of input of DC transducer 3, the winding W1 that is connected in series with it, guide to from tie point 17 and import 11 lead formation.Second circuit comprises the first winding W1, and gets back to tie point 14 from tie point 14 through the first winding W1, earth terminal E3, the capacitor C2 that is associated with winding W1 and diode D5---it all is connected in series---.At last, tertiary circuit comprises the second winding W2, and guide input E1 from tie point 17 into through winding W2, diode D4, from two capacitors being associated with winding W2 of process another C1 to earth terminal E3, and get back to tie point 17 between two winding W1 and the W2 therefrom.
Two winding W1, W2 make winding W2 load by winding W1 when winding W1 is loaded around twisting on the common core 16 by magnetic coupling.Two winding W1, W2 are selected as obtaining same polarity of voltage on terminal around the volume direction thus, shown in the point among Fig. 2.
In known manner, in fact switch S 1, S2, S4 are configured to semiconductor switch, and it can use unshowned control unit (microcontroller, PWM controller etc.) here, and being in operation periodically turns on and off, and switching frequency is for example 16kHz or bigger.
The function of the device of being introduced is as described below basically:
In a side of DC voltage generator 1, when switch S 4 closures, by first circuit 10, S4, W1,11, the storage reactor 15 of coupling is loaded.When switch S 4 disconnected, winding W1 can pass through second circuit (via path 14, W1, E1, C2, D5,14) and remove loading with C2, and simultaneously, winding W2 can pass through tertiary circuit (via path 17, W2, D4, E1, C1, E3,17) and remove loading with C1.For these functions, only (D4 D5), makes cost quite low, and the efficient height for a switch (S4), a coupled storage reactor (15) and two diodes.In addition, as desired, the negative output 5 of DC voltage generator 1 is grounded or is applicable to ground connection, and this also is applicable to the neutral conductor N of electrical network 8.Voltage intermediate circuit has three effective terminal E1, E2, E3 here, and dc voltage changer 2 connects thereon, maybe can be connected to output 18,19 or import 11, and is manufactured and/or when selling to the independent circuits part at it.
In a side of converter 3, switch S 1, S2 are alternately opened and are disconnected.As a result, for example, during the positive half wave of switching signal (switch S 1 is at first closed, and switch S 2 disconnects), capacitor C1's is that a positive side (input E1) is connected to phase line L via tie point 9 and main line reactor L1 with respect to E3.So when switch S 1 disconnected, electric current can flow through main line reactor L1, capacitor C2 and diode D2.During the negative half-wave of electrical network 8, (switch S 1 disconnects, and switch S 2 is at first closed), the minus side with respect to E3 of capacitor C2 (input E2) is connected to phase line L through tie point 9 and reactor L1, after switch S 2 closures, allow electric current flow through diode D1 and capacitor C2.Two capacitor C1, C2 alternately remove and load and reload.
If load is symmetrical, and if W1 have the identical number of turn with W2, the voltage on C1 and the C2 equates.Be in operation, be loaded into the higher load of comparing with C2 in the main line side, will automatically be higher than from W1's from the charging current of W2 if C1 for example is transformed device 3.As a result, it is symmetrical that circuit becomes voluntarily, and this is the basic prerequisite of main line side converter 3 operations.
The configuration of the DC transducer of being introduced 2 comprises such advantage: DC voltage generator 1 can be moved with relatively large output voltage range.If lack DC transducer 2, will have to determine that even under disadvantageous condition, DC voltage generator 1 is supplied with capacitor C1 and C2 to input E1 and E2 and is loaded into and is higher than the main line amplitude (high output voltage of voltage approximately ± 325V) usually.On the contrary, if boost converter 2 is provided, by the duty ratio of selector switch S4 operation, the level that the voltage on capacitor C1, the C2 can be set to wish is even the output voltage of DC voltage generator 1 is lower than the needed minimum voltage of converter 3 (or electrical network 8).
To this known devices in use also is very flexibly.This be because, depend on the duty ratio of selecting for S4, the voltage on C1 and the C2 can be all input voltage on the capacitor C higher and lower.If duty ratio is greater than 0.5, transducer boosts.If duty ratio is less than 0.5, then DC transducer 2 step-downs.0.5 duty ratio in fact provide, the voltage that is applied to the output of DC voltage generator 1 is directly presented.As a result, under the situation of ground connection DC voltage generator 1, in DC transducer 2, only using, a switch obtains big working voltage scope.The maximum voltage load of converter switches S1 and S2 is about 2UC1, and wherein, UC1 is the maximum voltage on the capacitor C1.Under the simplest situation, for each half-dried line cycle, in these switches only one can be with HF switch, simultaneously, another keeps turn-offing.In addition, on transducer side, the continuous current that enters electrical network 8 is possible.
The shortcoming of the device of being introduced is that as explaination in the above, switch S 4 is loaded by voltage U S4=UC+UC2 under disconnection, wherein, UC and UC2 are the voltage on capacitor C and the C2.Avoid this shortcoming according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 shows first exemplary embodiment of device of the present invention, and wherein, the effect that realizes wishing under the help according to the coupled storage reactor 15 of Fig. 1 and two switch S 5, S6 and three diode D6, D7, D8 that is to say that the switch cost is low.First switch S 5 is between input 10 and tie point 22, and the terminal of the winding W1 of storage reactor 15 is connected to tie point 22.The another terminal of winding W1 is connected to the input E3 of converter 3 via second tie point 23 and by second switch S6, and input E3 is configured to earth terminal, and it is used to be connected to the input 11 of DC transducer 2 or the negative output 5 of DC voltage generator 1.As a result, since 10 via S5,22, W1,23, S6,11 and get back to 10 current path and constitute first circuit.
In addition, according to Fig. 2, the first diode D6---it is from earth terminal E3---is placed as the capacitor C1 that passes through tie point 22, winding W1, tie point 23, the second diode D7 and be associated with winding W1 here and gets back to earth terminal E3.As a result, second circuit occurs, wherein, only make diode D6, D7 in direction E1 conducting.At last, provide the tertiary circuit that comprises the second winding W2, it gets back to earth terminal E3 from earth terminal E3 through capacitor C2, the 3rd diode D8, the second winding W2 that is associated with winding W2 here.
Be used for actuation switch S5, S6 signal and the storage reactor 15 winding W1, W2 current curve by way of example as seen from Figure 3.As seen by, two switch S 5, S6 always turn on and off simultaneously.The function of device shown in Figure 2---remainder is as the configuration among Fig. 1---is therefore as follows:
When switch S 5 and S6 opened simultaneously, first closing of circuit of being introduced was so storage reactor 15 loads in the mode of introducing above.If opposite, switch S 5, S6 are in the disconnection condition, and on the one hand, winding W1 removes loading via D6, W1, D7, C1, and on the other hand, winding W2 removes via C2 and D8 and loads.Be similar to Fig. 1, each among two capacitor C1, the C2 loads by winding W1, the W2 that is associated.
Adopt device shown in Figure 2, be similar to, realize all advantages above-mentioned with device shown in Figure 1.Yet, different and particularly advantageously being, the maximum voltage load under the disconnection condition on the switch S 5 is provided by the voltage U C on the capacitor C, or is provided by the output voltage of DC voltage generator 1, and simultaneously, the maximum load of switch S 6 occurs in the maximum voltage place on the C1.
For remainder, device shown in Figure 2 and device shown in Figure 1 are flexibly equally, because the voltage on C1 and the C2 all can be higher and lower than the output voltage on the DC voltage generator 1, so obtain high working voltage scope.
Fig. 4 shows the exemplary embodiment of revising with respect to Fig. 2, and wherein, winding W1 is divided into two winding part W11 and W12 (number of turn).In this case, arrange, make intermediate terminal or the tapping 21 of winding W1 be positioned at the tie point that is connected 22 that is used for first switch S 5, the 21 fixing part W11 of tap thus of winding W1 are arranged in first circuit that is used for 20 loadings of storage reactor, simultaneously, second circuit comprises the whole first winding W1 or its part W11+W12 between diode D6 and D7.As a result, according to the present invention, another optimization of layout of the present invention may be set up for ratio, switch S 5 and diode D6, the D7 of input voltage and output voltage, the load of D8.If transfer ratio is high, except that the duty ratio of S5 and S6, also can pass through W12: the effective current and the voltage loads of ratios affect parts (W12+W11).In principle, the position in the tap 21 can be anywhere.The special benefits of tap 21 is that the maximum voltage load under the disconnection condition on the switch S 5 is only by voltage U S5=UC-[W12/ (W12+W11)] UC1 provides, and is US6=UC1 on switch S 6.
Perhaps, tap shown in Figure 5 can be positioned at the tie point 24 that is used to be connected to second switch S6, simultaneously, the part of the storage reactor that constitutes by part W11, W12 between tie point 22 and 23, in the image pattern 2 like that.As a result, be arranged in first circuit, and use in loading cycle, simultaneously, whole winding W1 or its part W11+W12 are arranged in second circuit to the only part W12 of winding W1---it is fixing by tap 21---, and move in removing loading cycle.Here, the maximum load of switch S 5 is US5=UC, and what form contrast is that the maximum load of switch S 6 is US6=UC1-[W11/ (W12+W11)] UC1.
Fig. 6 shows exemplary embodiment, wherein, and by the first winding W1 of storage reactor 25 is cut apart, even use can reduce voltage loads according to the device that only comprises a switch S 4 of Fig. 1.For this purpose, the first winding W1 of coupled storage reactor 25 is divided into two part W11 and the W12 (=number of turn) by tapping 26.With Fig. 1 forms contrast be, tap 26 further is connected to switch S 4 on tie point 14, and the general input terminal of W1 is connected to the output of diode D5, and image pattern 1 is the same.As a result, and first circuit that the only part W11---it is between tap 26 and lead-out terminal---of the first winding W1 introduces above being in (10, S4,14, W11,11), and whole winding W1 or its part W11+W12 is positioned at the second circuit that image pattern 1 equally has C2, D5.As a result, according to the present invention, the maximum load of switch S 4 can the value of being reduced to US4=[W11/ (W11+W12)] UC2+UC.On the principle, tap 26 can be positioned at Anywhere, and is such among image pattern 4 and Fig. 5.
The function of converter 3 basically with all situations of introducing above under identical.
Although only introduce here, those skilled in the art will recognize that other converters with bipolar voltage intermediate circuit can be connected to DC transducer 2 of the present invention with reference to the converter 3 that is configured to half-bridge converter.This illustrates reasoningly in Fig. 5 to Fig. 7 Central Plains.Fig. 5 shows the half-bridge converter in the three point circuit, and Fig. 6 shows another converter in the three point circuit with intermediate point (each leisure one implement mutually in), and Fig. 7 shows and is used for the converter presented to the three-phase of electrical network 8.According to the introduction of carrying out in the above here, all three converters have the bipolar voltage intermediate circuit, and input E1 is to E3 and export 6,7.Because such converter itself is known, there is no need to further discuss.
The magnetic coupling of winding W1 and W2 is preferably by stackedly they being realized around twisting on the common core each other as required.They are preferably has the identical number of turn, Fig. 2 and 4 principles in the layout that illustrates, in fact with opposite around the volume direction around twisting on the core 16, thereby obtain the correct sense of current in the process that loads loading and remove.
The invention is not restricted to the exemplary embodiment introduced, it can change in many ways.This is specially adapted to, and as seen from the figure, converter 3 and DC transducer 2 can manufacturedly be discrete parts with selling, and they also are preferably and make and sell is a complete construction unit.Therefore, the present invention not only relates to the combination that comprises DC transducer 2 and converter 3, also relates to independent DC transducer 2.Also should understand, in the introduction that provides in the above, only introduce and understood parts essential to the invention, especially, can additionally provide that need and known control element, MPP controller etc.In addition, will be seen that, various features can with institute's different being used in combination of introducing and illustrating.

Claims (12)

1. device that is used for to electrical network (8) feed-in electric energy, comprise and be used to be connected to the DC transducer (2) of DC voltage generator (1) and connect the converter (3) that is used to be connected to electrical network (8) thereon, converter (3) comprises and has two capacitor (C1 that are installed in series, C2) bipolar voltage intermediate circuit, described capacitor links together on the earth terminal (E3) of the negative output that is connected to DC voltage generator (1) (5), described DC transducer (2) comprises at least two diodes, switch and comprise a storage reactor of one first winding (W1) and one second winding (W2), two winding (W1, W2) magnetic coupling electric linking together together and on corresponding of its terminal ends, make under the first switch condition, first winding (W1) is loaded by DC voltage generator (1), second winding (W2) loads via first winding (W1) by magnetic coupling, and, under the second switch condition, two winding (W1, W2) via two capacitor (C1, C2) be associated in corresponding one and remove via the diode that is associated and to load, it is characterized in that:
The first terminal of first winding (W1) is connected to first tie point (22) with first switch (S5), second terminal of first winding (W1) is connected to second switch (S6) on second tie point (23), make the winding of winning (W1) and two switch (S5, S6) form the output that is associated (4 that is connected to DC voltage generator (1) together, 5) first circuit, and further be positioned at from earth terminal (E3) through first diode (D6), first tie point (22), first winding (W1), second tie point (23), second diode (D7), Guan Lian capacitor (C1) is got back in the second circuit of earth terminal (E3) with it, and making second winding (W2) be arranged in the tertiary circuit, tertiary circuit is got back to earth terminal (E3) via the capacitor (C2) that is associated with described winding via the 3rd diode (D8) and second winding (W2) from earth terminal (E3).
2. device that is used for to electrical network (8) feed-in electric energy, the converter (3) that it comprises the DC transducer (2) that is used to be connected to DC voltage generator (1) and connects thereon and be used to be connected to electrical network (8), converter (3) comprises and has two capacitor (C1 that are installed in series, C2) bipolar voltage intermediate circuit, described capacitor links together on the earth terminal (E3) of the negative output that is connected to DC voltage generator (1) (5), described DC transducer (2) comprises at least two diodes, a switch (S4) and comprise the storage reactor (25) of one first winding (W1) and one second winding (W2), two winding (W1, W2) magnetic coupling electric linking together together and on corresponding of its terminal ends, make under the first switch condition, first winding (W1) is loaded by DC voltage generator (1), second winding (W2) loads via first winding (W1) by magnetic coupling, and, under the second switch condition, two winding (W1, W2) via two capacitor (C1, C2) be associated in corresponding one and via the diode (D4 that is associated, D5) remove loading, it is characterized in that:
One of winding (W1) is cut apart and is had a tapping (26) that is connected to switch (S4), make: an only first (W11) of being fixed by described tap (26) of first winding (W1) is arranged in first circuit, and the second portion (W11+W12) of first winding (W1) is disposed in the second circuit.
3. according to the device of claim 1, it is characterized in that, a winding (W1) is cut apart and is had a tie point of being connected to (21,23) one tapping (22) in, make: an only part (W11) of being fixed by described tap (22) of first winding (W1) is arranged in first circuit, and the second portion (W11+W12) of first winding (W1) is disposed in the second circuit.
4. according to the device of claim 1 to 3, it is characterized in that (W1 is W2) around twisting on the total core (16) for two windings.
5. according to the device of claim 4, it is characterized in that, winding (W1, W2) with opposite around the volume mode around twisting on the core (16).
6. according to the device of claim 1-5, it is characterized in that (W1 W2) has the same number of turn to two windings.
7. according to the device of claim 1-6, it is characterized in that converter (3) is configured to comprise the converter of half-bridge.
8. according to the device of claim 1-6, it is characterized in that converter (3) is configured to have the converter (Fig. 7) of half-bridge in three point circuit.
9. according to the device of claim 1-6, it is characterized in that converter (3) is configured to have the converter (Fig. 8) of half-bridge in having the three point circuit of intermediate point.
10. according to the device of claim 1-6, it is characterized in that converter (3) is configured to be used for electric energy and presents (Fig. 2-Fig. 8 or Fig. 9) to a phase or the three-phase of electrical network (8).
11. DC transducer, it is used for the device to electrical network (8) feed-in electric energy, and is used in DC voltage generator (1) and has bipolar voltage intermediate circuit (C1, the layout between converter C2) (3), it is characterized in that it is configured to as described in claim 1-6 at least one.
12. the DC transducer according to claim 11 is characterized in that, it combines with converter (3), to form a construction unit.
CN2008800204177A 2007-06-15 2008-04-12 Device for feeding electric energy into a power grid Expired - Fee Related CN101682260B (en)

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WO2008151587A1 (en) 2008-12-18
CN101682260B (en) 2013-05-15
KR20090085023A (en) 2009-08-06
US8116103B2 (en) 2012-02-14
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KR101050294B1 (en) 2011-07-19
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EP2027647A1 (en) 2009-02-25
DE102007028077A1 (en) 2008-12-24

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