CN101678756B - 用于蓄电池再充电的混合驱动装置的控制系统 - Google Patents

用于蓄电池再充电的混合驱动装置的控制系统 Download PDF

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CN101678756B
CN101678756B CN2008800171559A CN200880017155A CN101678756B CN 101678756 B CN101678756 B CN 101678756B CN 2008800171559 A CN2008800171559 A CN 2008800171559A CN 200880017155 A CN200880017155 A CN 200880017155A CN 101678756 B CN101678756 B CN 101678756B
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brake system
control
combustion engine
storage battery
control setup
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CN101678756A (zh
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P·波尼昂-格罗
O·雷斯
A·维尔纳夫
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Renault SAS
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
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    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/61—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于具有动力支路的混合驱动单元的控制系统，该混合驱动单元用于包括至少两个从动车轮的汽车，该汽车包括内燃机(1)、蓄电池(4)、用于从动车轮的制动系统(11)、用于检测制动系统的状态的装置(11c)和无级变速器(5)，该无级变速器包括至少两个电动机(2a、2b)和至少两个行星齿轮链(6a、6b)，该内燃机通过第一行星齿轮组与无级变速器机械地连接，该无级变速器通过第二行星齿轮组机械地连接到从动车轮，其特征在于，该控制系统能控制内燃机和两个电动机，以便在接收来自检测制动系统状态的装置的、表示制动系统被起动的信号之后，通过用作发电机的所述两个电动机将内燃机所供应的转矩转变成能量，以用于给蓄电池再充电。

Description

用于蓄电池再充电的混合驱动装置的控制系统
技术领域
本发明涉及用在机动车辆的混合驱动系统中的蓄电池的再充电。
背景技术
机动车辆一般包括储电元件例如蓄电池，以便当车辆停止时满足车载设备的用电需求。然而，由于蓄电池由电容性元件制成，所以它们容易漏电。这些漏电流在短期内可忽略不计，然而在长的不工作周期内，这些漏电流至少部分地使蓄电池放电。在装配有内燃机的车辆中，蓄电池通过由内燃机驱动的交流发电机再充电。在装配有内燃机和至少一个电动机的混合动力汽车内，可以设想将电动机用作发电机。
专利US6637530描述了一种用于控制混合动力汽车的驱动装置的系统，该混合动力汽车包括内燃机和电动机，该电动机能作为发电机工作，以便当内燃机运转时给蓄电池再充电。该系统确定蓄电池的电荷水平，且当需要该电荷水平时触发对蓄电池的再充电。电动机可以按常规方式用作连接到内燃机或从动车轮组上的交流发电机，或者在再生制动下用作发电机。所述车辆还包括皮带传动式无级变速器(CVT)。
专利申请FR2843339描述了一种用于控制混合动力汽车的低怠速的系统，在该系统中内燃机和电动机这样工作，以便达到用于给蓄电池再充电的低怠速。
在所有这些已知系统中，蓄电池的再充电常常太慢或者不足以产生由交流发电机或作为发电机工作的电动机所供应的有限的电能量。
各种不同类型的汽车可根据蓄电元件的性质和传动装置来区分。某些车辆包括低容量蓄电池，该低容量蓄电池允许再生制动和在加速阶段恢复电力。另一些车辆包括更大的蓄电池，该较大的蓄电池允许纯电气操纵。
另外，已知装备有具转向动力的混合驱动装置的机动车辆，该混合驱动装置称为用电变速器的无级变速器(IVT)，该机动车辆包括内燃机和两个电动机。这种变速器具有多个自由度，以能更精细控制和在操作方式方面提供更多的选择，如采用纯电动方式或者按照蓄电元件的电荷水平在不同的操作方式之间转换。
IVT型的变速器需要使用两个电动机，以便能将最少量的动力传输到车轮。需要最小的电荷水平以便使车轮工作。因此，混合动力汽车在蓄电元件中可能有太低的电荷，以致不能使驱动装置运行，并由此使车辆停止。司机可能也需要电能，以便操纵可能或多或少消耗能量的车载设备如无线电、空调，而不希望向前行驶，而这是在蓄电元件的电荷水平接近临界水平时的情况。另外，在长期不使用期间，蓄电元件可能自己排空。
不论发生哪种情况，都需要用于监测电荷水平的战略，以便控制内燃机和利用变速器来给蓄电元件再充电。
为了给蓄电元件充电，最简单的方法是将发动机和车轮在机械上分离，以便不将动力传输到车轮。利用一个电动机作为发电机，而另一个电动机用来分离车轮，以便保证零转矩传输到车轮。
发明内容
本发明的主题是一种控制系统，该控制系统用于控制混合驱动(双动力驱动)装置，该混合驱动装置允许用在具有转向动力的混合动力单元中的蓄电池在车辆停止时被更快速地充电。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种充电方法，该充电方法在装备有分离的制动踏板的情况下对司机完全透明。
“分离的制动器板”是指电连接到制动系统的致动器上的制动踏板，这与机械地连接到制系统上的制动踏板相对。
一个实施例限定了一种控制系统，该控制系统用于控制具有转向动力的混合驱动装置，该混合驱动装置用于装备有至少两个从动车轮的机动车辆，该机动车辆包括内燃机、包括有至少两个电动机和至少两个齿轮组的无级变速器、蓄电池、用于制动从动车轮的制动系统、检测制动系统的状态的装置，该内燃机通过第一行星齿轮组机械地连接到无级变速器，该无级变速器通过第二行星齿轮组机械地连接到从动车轮。该控制系统能够以这样的方式操纵内燃机和两个电动机，即，通过所述两个电动机将由内燃机供应的转矩转变成能量，所述两个电动机用作发电机，以便在接收来自检测制动系统的状态的装置的、指示应用制动系统的信号之后对蓄电池再充电。
换句话说，该控制系统能命令两个电动机同时工作，以使它们作为发电机工作，这样把内燃机所供应的转矩转变成能量。然后利用该能量给蓄电池再充电。在再充电期间，车轮被锁紧，以便没有转矩部分被转变成动能。因此蓄电池的充电可被显著加速。
这样限定的控制系统可以包括控制装置，该控制装置通过它的输出连接到内燃机和电动机，并通过它的输入连接到确定蓄电池的电荷(充电)的装置和检测制动系统的状态的装置。该控制装置能根据蓄电池的电荷水平(电荷状态，充电水平/状态)和制动系统的起动状态发送用于各种不同驱动元件的转矩指令。
该控制系统可以发送起动制动的指令，以使车辆能停止。
这样限定的控制系统可以包括司机和车辆之间的接口(界面，人机联系装置)，该接口通过它的至少一个输入连接到控制装置。该控制装置可以向司机和车辆之间的接口发送显示命令，以指示司机需要起动制动系统。
本发明的另一方面限定一种控制方法，其控制具有转向动力的混合驱动装置，该混合驱动装置用于装备有至少两从动车轮的机动车辆，该机动车辆包括内燃机、具有至少两个电动机和至少两个行星齿轮组的无级变速器、蓄电池、制动系统及检测制动系统的状态的装置。使用所述两个电动机将内燃机所供应的转矩转变成能量，以便在车辆停止的情况下给蓄电池再充电，而同时起动制动系统。
在一种控制方法中，该控制方法如上所述并包括控制装置，该控制装置通过它的输出连接到内燃机和电动机上并通过它的至少一个输入连接到确定蓄电池的电荷的装置上，该控制方法能根据蓄电池的电荷水平发送用于各种不同驱动部件的转矩指令。
可以自动命令起动制动系统而同时给蓄电池再充电。
作为可供选择的方案，可以向司机指示需要起动制动系统而同时给蓄电池再充电。
在分离的制动系统的情况下，该控制系统可以自动地起动制动系统。然而，在未分离的制动系统的情况下，需要司机干预以便起动制动系统。
来自内燃机的全部动力都传送到电动机上。为了防止电动机过度加速，发送阻抗转矩指令，从而允许产生电能。
附图说明
本发明的另一些目的、特征和优点从阅读下面仅当作非限制性例子并参照附图所作的说明将变得显而易见，在附图中：
图1示出形成本发明的控制系统的主要部件；
图2示出根据一个实施例的控制方法的主要步骤；以及
图3示出根据另一实施例的控制方法的主要步骤。
具体实施方式
图1示出车辆的主要部件，该车辆装备有转向输电和驱动装置，所述驱动装置用本发明的控制系统控制。该车辆包括内燃机1、从动车轮3a和3b、蓄电池4和无级变速器5，该无级变速器5包括两个行星齿轮组6a和6b及两个电动机2a和2b。
内燃机1通过连接件14机械地连接到第一行星齿轮组6a，以便传递转矩。第一行星齿轮组6a通过连接件15a机械地连接到第一电动机2a，并通过连接件14a机械地连接到第二行星齿轮组6b。第二行星齿轮组6b通过连接件15b机械地连接到第二电动机2b，并通过转矩分开系统16和机械连接件14b连接到车轮3a和3b。车轮3a和3b可分别通过制动装置11a和11b停止，所述制动装置组成制动系统11。检测装置11c能检测制动系统11的活动状态。电动机2a和2b分别通过电连接13a和13b连接到蓄电池4。
无级变速器5将内燃机1所提供的动力转向并进行调节。所述两个电动机2a和2b相互独立地工作，并能供应转矩以便补充由内燃机1所供应的转矩，或者供应从内燃机1所供应的转矩中扣除的阻抗转矩，所扣除的转矩动力被回收转变成电能。因此，这样能扫过驱动力(发动机动力)的连续范围，而对内燃机1所提供的动力没有任何改变。
控制装置7通过连接件8连接到内燃机1，通过连接件9a连接到电动机2a，通过连接件9b连接到电动机2b，通过连接件10连接到蓄电池4，通过连接件12b连接到制动装置11b并通过连接件12c连接到检测装置11c。控制装置7还通过连接件18连接到司机和车辆之间的接口17，通过该接口司机能表达他的操作要求或者接收信息。
控制装置7检查蓄电池4的电荷水平。如果蓄电池4需要充电，则控制装置7能够当车辆停止时并在制动系统11与制动踏板断开的情况下自动锁紧制动装置11a和11b。否则，控制装置7可以向司机和车辆之间的接口17发送显示信号，以便提醒司机当车辆停止时必需起动制动系统11。
控制装置7接到制动系统11已起动并且车辆停止的确认信号后，就向内燃机1发送转矩指令并向电动机2a和2b发送阻抗转矩指令。由于车轮被锁紧，所以由内燃机1产生的全部转矩都通过行星齿轮组6a和6b转移到两个电动机2a和2b。这两个电动机2a和2b同时作为发电机工作，并且所产生的转矩被转变成用来给蓄电池4再充电的能量。
控制装置7能监测蓄电池4的充电，并且当蓄电池4已足够地再充电时中断该操作。为此，控制装置7发送零转矩指令到内燃机1及电动机2a和2b，然后在制动系统11分离的情况下使该制动系统11停止起作用，或者发送指令以关闭司机和车辆之间的接口17处的显示信号，从而提醒司机可能需要使制动系统停止起作用。
图2示出用于未分离的制动系统的控制方法中的主要步骤。步骤19确定蓄电池4是否需要充电以及车辆是否停止。如果是肯定的，则方法前进到步骤20；否则，方法终止。步骤20命令显示用于起动制动系统11的指令，该指令可被司机看到。步骤22检查车轮实际上被锁紧。然后该方法转到步骤23，在步骤23期间向电动机2a和2b及内燃机1发送转矩指令。当在步骤24中检测到充电结束状况时，方法前进到步骤25，在该步骤25期间向内燃机1及电动机2a和2b发送零转矩指令。步骤27命令关闭所显示的用于起动制动装置的指令。
图3示出制动系统与制动踏板分离的情况的另一实施例。
与图2中所述的那些步骤相同的步骤具有相同的标号。
步骤19确定蓄电池4是否需要充电以及车辆是否停止。如果是肯定的，则方法前进到步骤21；否则，方法终止。在步骤21中，通过自动发出起动制动系统11的命令来锁紧车轮。步骤22检查车轮实际上被锁紧。然后方法前进到步骤23，在该步骤23期间向电动机2a和2b及内燃机1发送转矩指令。当在步骤24检测到充电结束状况时，方法前进到步骤25，在该步骤25期间向内燃机1及电动机2a和2b发送零转矩指令。步骤26命令制动系统11停止工作。
本发明提出一种对装备有带电变速器的无级变速器的混合动力汽车中的蓄电池快速再充电的简单而有效的方法。通过省去利用一个电动机使车轮分离(的步骤)，该系统能同时用两个电动机代替仅用一个电动机，并能更快速地给蓄电池再充电。与常规解决方案相比，燃料成本降低，并且不需要使车辆移动。
在分离的制动系统的情况下，实施车轮锁紧和蓄电池再充电对于司机是显而易见的。

Claims (8)

1.一种控制系统，用于控制具有转向动力的混合驱动装置，该混合驱动装置用于装备有至少两个从动车轮的机动车辆，该机动车辆包括内燃机(1)、蓄电池(4)、用于制动从动车轮的制动系统(11)、检测制动系统的状态的装置(11c)以及无级变速器(5)，该无级变速器包括至少两个电动机(2a、2b)和至少两个行星齿轮组(6a、6b)，该内燃机(1)通过所述至少两个行星齿轮组中的第一行星齿轮组(6a)机械地连接到该无级变速器(5)，该无级变速器(5)通过所述至少两个行星齿轮组中的第二行星齿轮组(6b)机械地连接到从动车轮，其特征在于，该控制系统能使内燃机(1)和两个电动机(2a、2b)运行，以便通过这两个电动机(2a、2b)将内燃机(1)所供应的转矩转变成能量，所述两个电动机(2a、2b)用作发电机，以便在接收到来自检测制动系统的状态的装置(11c)的、指示制动系统(11)被起动的信号之后，对蓄电池(4)再充电。
2.如权利要求1所述的控制系统，其特征在于，包括控制装置(7)，该控制装置(7)的输出连接到内燃机(1)和电动机(2a、2b)，该控制装置的输入连接到确定蓄电池(4)的电荷的装置以及检测制动系统的状态的装置(11c)，该控制装置(7)能根据蓄电池(4)的电荷水平和制动系统(11)的起动状态发送转矩指令以用于各种驱动部件。
3.如权利要求2所述的控制系统，其特征在于，控制装置(7)通过该控制装置的至少一个输出连接到车辆的制动系统(11)，该控制装置(7)能发送用以起动制动系统(11)的指令。
4.如权利要求2所述的系统，其特征在于，包括司机和车辆之间的接口(17)，该接口通过它的至少一个输入连接到控制装置(7)，该控制装置(7)能向司机和车辆之间的该接口(17)发送显示命令，以便向司机指示需要起动制动系统(11)。
5.一种控制方法，控制具有转向动力的混合驱动装置，该混合驱动装置用于装备有至少两个从动车轮的机动车辆，该机动车辆包括内燃机(1)、蓄电池(4)、制动系统(11)和无级变速器(5)，该无级变速器包括至少两个电动机(2a、2b)和至少两个行星齿轮组(6a、6b)，其特征在于，将所述两个电动机(2a、2b)同时用来将内燃机(1)所供应的转矩转变成能量，以便当制动系统(11)起动时对蓄电池(4)再充电，其中，通过检测制动系统的状态的检测装置(11c)来检测该制动系统的起动。
6.如权利要求5所述的控制方法，其特征在于，根据蓄电池(4)的电荷水平和制动系统(11)的起动状态发送用于各种驱动部件的转矩指令。
7.如权利要求5或6所述的控制方法，其特征在于，命令起动制动系统(11)而同时给蓄电池(4)再充电。
8.如权利要求5或6所述的控制方法，其特征在于，向司机指示需要起动制动系统(11)而同时给蓄电池(4)再充电。
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