CN101672126A - Multifunctional compound nomadic camp - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a multifunctional composite nomadic tent. The nomadic tent is mainly composed of a main tent and an outer tent, the side enclosure of the main tent and the outer tent form a side air compartment, the top air compartment of the main tent and the outer tent form a top air compartment, and the top air compartment and the side air compartment The average spacing of the layers is 100-300mm and 1000-3000mm, respectively. The present invention weakens the "greenhouse effect" and "cold room effect" by arranging an outer tent outside the main tent, and expands the area and space of the tent outward; realizes the multi-function of the tent by changing the flexible collocation mode of the tent and the outer tent; The rational design of the canopy can achieve fundamental improvements in functions such as heat protection, ventilation and smoke exhaust; through reasonable selection of the thermal conductivity and color of tent fabrics, the "greenhouse effect" and "cold room effect" of nomadic tents can be weakened, and the insulation of tents can be increased. Thermal and thermal insulation performance, improve the living quality of herdsmen during nomadic life.

Description

A multifunctional composite nomadic tent

technical field

The invention relates to a tent, in particular to a multifunctional composite nomadic tent.

Background technique

Nomads are hard-working people who graze animals "by water and grass" and live in simple cow-hair tents. Cow hair tents are not only an indispensable production tool for herdsmen, but also a habitat for herdsmen. Therefore, every herdsman has a cow hair tent. The nomads are also bold people who are good at singing and dancing. From June to September every year, there are often "playing dams" activities, with fluttering prayer flags, melodious pastoral songs, mellow milk tea, intoxicating highland barley, horseback riding and archery. It is the "flower tent" of "Brush Bazi".

Cow hair tents are usually supported by wooden pillars and enclosed by hand-woven cow felt. They are built by themselves based on the experience and methods inherited from generation to generation. It has the characteristics of convenient relocation, strong adaptability to the site, local materials, cheap and economical; but the tent is cold and humid, leaking rain and ventilation, smoke and fire are common, and the indoor hot and humid environment and comfort are poor. "Flower tents" are purchased from the market. Herdsmen value beautiful appearance, bright colors, and national style and characteristics. However, there are problems with thermal insulation, ventilation and smoke exhaust performance, and poor comfort, so they are not suitable for nomads.

With the strengthening of nomads' contact with the outside world, pole tents (such as Bayi military tents) and frame tents (such as civilian tents) that use various fiber materials as tent fabrics are used by a small number of herdsmen in pastoral areas as nomadic tents. Compared with traditional cow-felt tents, the advantages of these tents are: the structure of pole-type nomadic tents uses one or more metal poles to replace the stakes of cow-hair tents, the poles and accessories are standardized, the number is small, and the installation and removal are convenient and quick , the overall weight is light; the structure of the frame-type nomadic tent is made of metal tubes, which has good structural stability, strong wind and snow resistance, regular internal space, and is easy to use. Great improvement, living comfort has been significantly improved.

When the tent specially designed for field troops or disaster relief is used for the life use during nomads grazing, there are the following problems: 1), poor smoke exhaust ability. Since the field troops have a special cooking team, they seldom cook in tents during disaster relief; and the daily life of herdsmen, such as cooking, making tea, roasting tsampa, heating, etc., is inseparable from stoves that use cow dung or firewood as fuel. , The smoke generated by combustion leaks out, which inevitably causes air pollution in the tent, and the smoke exhaust function is not considered by these tents; 2), the heat resistance is weak. Compared with traditional cow felt, these tents are densely clothed and have much poorer air permeability; pastoral areas generally have higher altitudes and stronger solar radiation, even in colder seasons, when solar radiation is strong during the day, the temperature inside the tent is higher, and the heat cannot If it is discharged in time, the "greenhouse effect" is obvious, while the hand-woven cow felt has a good ventilation effect, a weak "greenhouse effect", and strong heat resistance; 3) Insufficient ventilation. As herdsmen have to live in tents and engage in some production activities such as cheese making, and various living and production facilities are stacked in tents that are not spacious enough, the air quality in the tents will be affected. Ensuring good ventilation conditions in tents is the key to eliminating indoor Odor, necessary to maintain indoor hygienic and healthy air quality (cow felt has good air permeability). 4) The climate adaptability needs to be further improved. The nomadic period is generally from April to October. Pastoral areas generally have a plateau climate, with a large temperature difference between morning and evening. "Wear cotton jackets in the morning and wear gauze in the afternoon". The sun radiation and ultraviolet rays are strong during the day, and the cold sky radiation is also strong at night. In July and August Sometimes the temperature is below 0°C at night. The tents designed for field troops or disaster relief all need to be improved in adaptability to variable climatic conditions.

In addition to the above problems, the above-mentioned pole-type nomadic tents and frame-type nomadic tents also have an obvious "cold room effect", that is, on a clear night, the temperature inside the tent is lower than the outdoor temperature, forming a "cold room" . Through repeated experiments and research, it is found that the "cold room effect" is mainly caused by the cold sky radiation at night. The stronger the cold sky radiation, the more obvious the "cold room effect" in the tent; Effect" is weak, and there is almost no "cold room effect".

Nomadic tents will experience various weather conditions during use, and the outdoor temperature and weather conditions will change throughout the year. When the outdoor temperature is lower than the comfortable temperature of 26°C that people feel in summer, the "greenhouse effect" is beneficial to improve the environment inside the tent; Inhibited; when the outdoor temperature is higher than 26°C, the "greenhouse effect" will make the tent more uncomfortable, and all need to be inhibited. Similarly, when the outdoor temperature is 18°C higher than the comfortable temperature that people feel in winter, the "cold room effect" is beneficial to improving the environment in the tent, but if the "cold room effect" is too strong, the temperature in the tent will be lower than 18°C. When the outdoor temperature is lower than 18°C, the "cold room effect" will make the tent more uncomfortable and needs to be suppressed.

To sum up, nomadic tents need good rainproof, wind resistance, heat preservation, heat insulation, smoke exhaust, ventilation performance and strong environmental and climate adaptability. It is best to take into account nomadic and "playing dam". In addition, during the grazing process of nomads, a large number of daily necessities and production tools are piled up in tents, which makes the originally small space more crowded. It is also necessary to create a larger usable area and space for herdsmen as much as possible. Therefore, it is very important to develop a multifunctional composite tent that has both the above properties and meets the various needs of herdsmen.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings and deficiencies of the above-mentioned prior art, and provide a multifunctional composite nomadic tent, which weakens its "greenhouse effect" and The "cold room effect" expands the usable area and space of the tent outward; through the scientific and rational design of the tent enclosure, the nomadic tent is fundamentally improved in terms of heat protection, ventilation and smoke exhaust; through scientific experiments Reasonably choose the thermal conductivity and color of tent fabrics, weaken the "greenhouse effect" and "cold room effect" of nomadic tents, increase the heat insulation and thermal insulation performance of tents, and improve the living quality of herdsmen during nomadic life; The flexible combination of tents creates different living spaces.

The object of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: a multifunctional composite nomadic tent, mainly composed of a main tent and an outer tent arranged outside the main tent, the main tent includes a support structure, and an outer tent arranged on the support structure. The outer tent includes an outer support structure arranged on the outside of the support structure, and an outer tent enclosure arranged on the outer support structure. The tent enclosure is composed of a side enclosure and a roof. The roof is formed, the side air space is formed between the side wall and the outer wall, and the top air space is formed between the roof and the outer roof.

Further, if the average thickness of the air interlayer is too small, the heat preservation and heat insulation effects are not ideal; if the average thickness is too large, the effect on further enhancing the heat preservation and heat insulation effects is not obvious. Considering comprehensively, the main function of the air space at the top of the nomadic tent is thermal insulation. and space, the average thickness is preferably 1000-3000mm, and the preferred design is 2000mm.

Still further, the side wall and the outer wall are provided with side window holes corresponding in position and equal in size, and the area ratio of the side window holes of the main tent to the canopy is 0.05-0.15; the canopy and the outer canopy are provided with For skylight holes with corresponding positions and equal sizes, the area ratio of the skylight hole of the main tent to the canopy enclosure is 0.01 to 0.03.

The area ratio of the above-mentioned side window openings to the awning enclosure refers to the ratio of the sum of the area of the side window openings (including doors) around the awning enclosure to the area of the entire awning enclosure (including all openings), referred to as the side window enclosure ratio; The area ratio refers to the ratio of the sum of the opening areas of the skylights opened on all sides of the top of the awning to the area of the entire awning (including all openings), referred to as the ratio of the skylight. The said side window girth ratio and skylight girth ratio are all for the main tent, and the index of the outer tent changes due to the thickness of the air interlayer.

The area ratio of the side window hole to the canopy circumference of the main tent is 0.05 to 0.15, the area ratio of the skylight hole to the canopy circumference of the main tent is 0.01 to 0.03, and the side window circumference ratio and the skylight circumference ratio can be optimally combined within the above range , considering the factors that increase the production cost and rainproof difficulty due to the increase of side window openings and skylight openings, the combination of side window girth ratio around 0.10 and skylight girth ratio around 0.02 is the best.

The nomadic tent is made of organic fluorine waterproof and breathable fabric with a thermal conductivity of 0.042-0.055W/m°C, and the color of the fabric (especially the outer canopy) is preferably pure white or light off-white. When the tent structure, form, size parameters and other materials are the same, only the material of the tarpaulin fabric is different, it is beneficial to choose a material with a small thermal conductivity as the tarpaulin fabric, which is beneficial to improve the thermal insulation and heat resistance performance of the tent; and because Different color fabrics have different reflectivity and absorptivity for radiation waves, and light-colored fabrics have high reflectivity and low absorptivity. Therefore, the nomadic tents involved in the present invention preferably use pure white with a thermal conductivity of 0.042-0.055W/m°C. Or light off-white organic fluorine waterproof and breathable fabric.

Both the canopy and the outer canopy are composed of a canopy and a side. They have their own supporting structures, and then can form two tents of different sizes. They can be used alone, and the big tent can be covered with a small tent. An indoor corridor space is formed inside, which not only broadens the living and production space of the herdsmen, but also adds an outer air space to the entire tent, effectively improving the heat preservation and heat insulation performance of the tent. When the big tent covers the small tent, the side walls of the big tent can be lifted freely, which not only forms a variety of semi-outdoor spaces, but also allows the air to be naturally ventilated and effectively dissipate heat. The support structure and the outer support structure adopt a pole or a frame, and when the pole structure is adopted, it is composed of one, two or three main poles and multiple side poles; the frame structure is composed of several steel pipes connected through components. become. The canopy and the side of the canopy and outer canopy of the tent can not only be designed as an integral structure, but can also be set independently. Velcro, chain buckle, buckle set or zipper.

In order to enable the tent to quickly discharge the smoke generated during the herdsman’s life, a chimney opening for the chimney to pass through is provided on the top or side of the tent enclosure and the outer enclosure, so as to ensure that the smoke in the furnace can be discharged smoothly and improve the tent’s interior. air quality. In order to prevent the overheating of the chimney from damaging the awning and outer awning fabric around the chimney, a metal sheet sandwiched with asbestos cloth or asbestos board is used as a transitional connecting part between the awning and outer awning fabric and the chimney to play a role of flame retardancy and fire prevention. The awning and outer awning fabrics are fixed with the metal sheet through the fixing member.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

(1) By setting the outer tent on the outside of the main tent, its "greenhouse effect" and "cold room effect" are weakened, and the use area and space of the tent are expanded outward; through the flexible change of the collocation mode of the tent and the outer tent, the Diverse functions.

(2) Through scientific experiments, scientifically and rationally design tent enclosures and inner enclosures to achieve fundamental improvements in the functions of compound nomadic tents in terms of heat protection, ventilation, and smoke exhaust.

(3) Through scientific experiments, rationally select the material and color of the tent fabric, weaken its "greenhouse effect" and "cold room effect", increase the heat insulation and heat preservation performance of the tent, and improve the living quality of herdsmen during nomadic life.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the overall structure schematic diagram when the present invention adopts frame support structure;

Fig. 2 is a kind of structural representation when supporting structure of the present invention adopts strut form;

Fig. 3 is another kind of structural schematic diagram when supporting structure of the present invention adopts strut form;

Fig. 4 is another structural schematic diagram when the support structure of the present invention adopts the form of poles;

Fig. 5 is a kind of structural representation when supporting structure of the present invention adopts frame form;

Fig. 6 is another structural schematic diagram when the support structure of the present invention adopts a frame form;

Fig. 7 is a kind of structural representation when the support structure of the present invention adopts the mixed form of frame and struts;

Fig. 8 is another structural schematic diagram when the support structure of the present invention adopts a mixed form of frame and struts;

Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the effect of the main tent being used alone when the present invention adopts a pole structure;

Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the effect of using the outer tent alone when the present invention adopts a pole structure;

Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of a use state where the outer tent of the present invention is covered on the main tent;

Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of another use state where the outer tent of the present invention is covered on the main tent;

Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of another use state where the outer tent of the present invention is covered on the main tent;

Fig. 14 is a schematic structural view of setting side windows according to the present invention;

Fig. 15 is another structural schematic diagram of setting side windows according to the present invention;

Fig. 16 is another structural schematic diagram of setting side windows according to the present invention;

Fig. 17 is a structural schematic diagram of setting a skylight according to the present invention;

Fig. 18 is a structural schematic diagram of another arrangement of skylights of the present invention;

Fig. 19 is a structural schematic diagram when the skylight hole in Fig. 11 is an inverted triangle;

Fig. 20 is a structural schematic diagram of yet another arrangement of skylights in the present invention;

Fig. 21 is a schematic structural view of a fourth type of skylight provided in the present invention;

Fig. 22 is a curve diagram of the influence of the outer air space layer on the thermal insulation performance of the tent;

Fig. 23 is a graph showing the influence of the outer air space layer on the thermal insulation performance of the tent;

Figure 24 is a curve diagram of the influence of different side window circumference ratios on the temperature in the tent;

Figure 25 is a graph showing the influence of different skylight girth ratios on the temperature in the tent;

Figure 26 is a curve diagram of the influence of different side window girth ratios and skylight girth ratio combinations on the temperature in the tent;

Figure 27 is a graph showing the influence of different fabric materials on the thermal performance of tents;

Figure 28 is a graph showing the influence of different fabric materials on the thermal performance of tents;

Figure 29 is a graph showing the influence of different fabric colors on the thermal performance of tents;

Figure 30 is a graph showing the influence of different fabric colors on the thermal performance of tents.

The marks in the drawings and the names of corresponding parts: 1-support structure; 2-outer support structure; 3-side enclosure; 4-roof; 5-outer enclosure; Skylight hole; 9-curtain; 10-chimney; 11-main support rod; 12-side support rod; 13-cross bar; 14-small window hole;

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments and the accompanying drawings, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.

Example

The present invention is mainly composed of a main tent and an outer tent arranged on the outside of the main tent. The main tent includes a support structure 1 and a tent enclosure arranged on the support structure 1. The outer tent includes an outer support arranged on the outside of the support structure 1. Structure 2, and the outer canopy that is arranged on the outer support structure 2, the said canopy is made of side 3 and roof 4, the outer canopy is made of outer side 5 and outer canopy 6, side 3 and outer side 5 The side air interlayer is formed between them, and the top air interlayer is formed between the roof 4 and the outer roof 6, as shown in FIG. 1 . The side wall 3 and the outer wall 5 are provided with side window holes 7 with corresponding positions and equal sizes, and the roof 4 and the outer roof 6 are provided with skylight holes 8 with corresponding positions and equal sizes. Both the side window holes 7 and the skylight holes 8 are A curtain 9 is provided, and a chimney mouth for the chimney 10 to pass through is provided on the awning and the outer awning.

The support structure 1 and the outer support structure 2 involved in the present invention are in the form of struts or frames. When the struts are used, they can be designed as a main strut 11 and multiple side struts 12 as shown in FIG. 2 , the main pole 11 is located in the center of the tent, together with multiple side poles 12 to support the tent enclosure, forming the inner space of the tent; the other is the two main poles 11 and multiple side poles 12 shown in Figure 3 In the form, two main poles 11 are connected by a cross bar 13, arranged in parallel in the tent, together with multiple side poles 12 to support the tent enclosure, forming the inner space of the tent; the third type is the three main poles shown in Figure 4 11 and a plurality of side struts 12 forms, three main struts 11 are connected by a cross bar 13, together with a plurality of side struts 12 to support the awning to form the inner space of the tent. The above-mentioned side struts 12 have the same rod diameter and height, and the rod diameter and height of the main strut 11 are larger than the side struts. When the present invention adopts the pole form, it is not limited to the above three types, and can also be designed according to user needs.

When the support structure 1 and the outer support structure 2 adopt the frame form, they can be designed as a frame type double-slope roof as shown in Figure 5, or as a frame type four-slope roof as shown in Figure 6, but when the present invention adopts the frame form It is not limited to the above two, and can also be designed according to user needs. There are two ways to assemble the frame structure: 1. It is composed of several steel pipes through hinged connection and series connection; 2. It is composed of multi-pass components. There are steel cables crossed between the herringbone steel frames on the slope at the top of the frame to stabilize and strengthen the frame structure; on the top of the frame along the direction of the herringbone steel frames, a plurality of steel cables 13 are arranged between the steel pipes to strengthen the frame structure, and can be used to hang lanterns, towels and other light weight items, which is convenient for herdsmen's daily life. The support structure 1 and the outer support structure 2 can also adopt a mixed form of frame and struts, as shown in Figures 7 and 8 .

According to different usage situations, the main tent and the outer tent can be used alone, as shown in Figure 9, the main tent can be used alone, and Figure 10 shows that the outer tent can be used alone; The tent is set on the main tent, and then forms an indoor corridor space in the outer tent, which not only broadens the living and production space of the nomads, but also adds an air space to the whole nomadic tent, effectively improving the heat preservation and heat insulation performance of the nomadic tent.

The side wall 3 and the outer wall 5 are provided with side window holes 7 with corresponding positions and equal sizes. There are three types of setting of the side window holes 7 on the side wall 3 and the outer wall 5: one is shown in Figure 14, A slightly larger curtain 9 than the side window hole 7 is attached outside the side window hole 7 provided, and the side window hole 7 is a rectangle; another kind is shown in Figure 15, and its difference with the first form is that the side window hole 7 is an inverted Triangular, increase rainproof ability; The third kind as shown in Figure 16, when the single side window hole 7 area on the canopy and outer canopy is bigger, set up a small window hole 14 on the big curtain 9, and attach it There are curtains 9, which can adapt to various weather conditions and increase the convenience of use.

The roof 4 and the outer roof 6 are provided with skylight holes 8 corresponding in position and equal in size. There are four types of setting of the skylight holes 8 on the roof 4 and the outer roof 6: one is as shown in Figure 17 Shown, this skylight hole 8 straddles on the roof 4 and the outer roof 6, on which is attached a curtain 9 with an area larger than the skylight hole 8, with a stay rope 15 attached to the curtain 9, and one side is sewn on the roof. . When the sunroof needs to be opened, the curtain 9 is opened by pulling the stay cord 15 downwards on the fixed side of the curtain 9;

Another kind is shown in Figure 18, and the whole skylight hole 8 is arranged on any one or more slopes, and the curtain 9 that blocks wind and rain and snow is provided in the skylight hole 8, and the curtain 9 is rectangular, and a stay cord 15 is attached on it. And rectangular curtain 9 is fixed on one side, is provided with the cloth strip 16 that plays connection and sealing effect on the two sides vertical with fixed limit, prevents rainwater seepage, and cloth strip 16 becomes triangle, and its shape determines skylight opening angle. When needing to open skylight and carry out ventilation, only need pull stay cord 15 and curtain 9 is opened to proper position, and fix stay cord 15, keep the opening angle of curtain 9 and get final product. Not only can curtain 9 be installed in the mode shown in Figure 16 on the skylight hole 8, also can as shown in Figure 19, skylight hole 8 is designed as an inverted triangle, in order to prevent rainwater seepage. A curtain 9 is installed on the triangular hole, and a stay cord 15 is installed on the curtain 9 to control its tightening state. When the skylight needs to be opened, only the stay cord 15 on the curtain 9 needs to be pulled to shrink it, and the sunroof can be opened. .

The third type is shown in Figure 20. This type of skylight is mainly used in frame-type double-slope nomadic tents. The skylights of this type are partially opened on the two opposite gable surfaces (sides of the tent perpendicular to the slope). Triangular skylight hole 8, and triangular curtain 9 is attached thereon. One side of triangular curtain 9 is fixed on the bottom of triangular skylight hole 8, and on the diagonal tip of the fixed limit of curtain 9, sews stay cord 15 on inner and outer surfaces respectively. A small hole is offered at the gable top of the side wall, and the stay cord 15 sewn on the inside of the curtain 9 passes through the small hole, and hangs in the tent, and the stay cord 15 sewn on the outside of the curtain 9 hangs outside the tent. When the skylight needs to be opened, the pull cord 15 is pulled downward outside the tent, and the curtain 9 is pulled to a natural hanging state, and the skylight is fully opened; . Curtain 9 is bonded with awning surround by nylon adhesive tape, avoids cold wind to infiltrate.

The fourth type is shown in Figure 21. This type of skylight is mainly used in frame-type double-slope nomadic tents. The skylights of this type are partially opened on the two opposite gable surfaces (sides of the tent perpendicular to the slope). Triangular skylight hole 8, and triangular curtain 9 is attached thereon. The two hypotenuses of the triangular curtain 9 are sewn on the canopy, and the third side of the triangular curtain 9 is sewn with a stay rope 15. The length of the third side is longer than the length of the corresponding side of the triangular window hole, and the increment of the length will determine that the curtain is opened. Angle, the larger the increment, the larger the opening angle and the better the ventilation effect. When the sunroof needs to be opened, the stay cord 15 is pulled outwards and downwards outside the account, and the third side of the curtain 9 is pulled up to the outside, and the stay cord 15 is fixed to pull up the angle of the curtain; when the sunroof needs to be closed, the stay cord 15 is released. , curtain 9 hangs naturally, and skylight is in closed state.

A key point of the present invention is that it mainly consists of a main tent and an outer tent arranged on the outside of the main tent. The main tent includes a supporting structure 1 and a tent enclosure arranged on the supporting structure 1. 1. The outer support structure 2 on the outside, and the outer canopy enclosure arranged on the outer support structure 2. The awning enclosure is composed of a side enclosure 3 and a roof 4. The outer awning enclosure is composed of an outer enclosure 5 and an outer awning roof 6. The side enclosure The side air interlayer is formed between 3 and the outer side wall 5, and the top air interlayer is formed between the roof 4 and the outer roof 6. The above-mentioned side air space layer and the top air space layer are combined into an outer air space layer.

In order to illustrate the influence of the outer air space layer on the thermal insulation and heat insulation performance of the tent, the experiment of the influence of the outer air space layer on the thermal insulation performance of the tent was first carried out. The main indicators that reflect the quality of the thermal insulation effect are the internal air temperature and the internal surface temperature of the tent; under the same conditions, the higher the temperature, the warmer the room and the better the thermal insulation effect. The experiment is carried out at a typical night when the temperature is relatively low and heat preservation is most needed. In order to eliminate the interference of other factors, the side windows and skylights are all closed during the test. The experimental results are shown in Figure 22. In the figure, the abscissa corresponds to different times, and the ordinate indicates the temperature. From this figure it can be seen that:

1) For a tent with an outer air layer, the air temperature inside the tent is significantly higher than that of a tent without an outer air layer;

2) For tents with an outer air interlayer, the inner surface temperature of the tent is significantly higher than that of tents without an outer air interlayer;

3) Comparing the tent temperature, inner surface temperature and outdoor temperature, it can be found that the "cold room effect" of the tent without the outer air interlayer is more obvious, and the outer air interlayer can significantly weaken the "cold room effect".

Then, the experiment of the effect of the outer air space layer on the thermal insulation performance of the tent was carried out. The experiment was carried out during the typical day when the temperature is high, the solar radiation is large, and heat protection is most needed. In order to eliminate the interference of other factors, the side windows and skylights were all closed during the test. The experimental results are shown in Figure 23. In the figure, the abscissa corresponds to different times, and the ordinate indicates the temperature. From this figure it can be seen that:

1) For a tent with an outer air layer, the air temperature inside the tent is significantly lower than that of a tent without an outer air layer;

2) For tents with an outer air interlayer, the inner surface temperature of the tent is significantly lower than that of tents without an outer air interlayer;

3) Comparing the air temperature and inner surface temperature of the tent with the outdoor air temperature, it can be found that the "greenhouse effect" of the tent without the outer air interlayer is more obvious, and the outer air interlayer can significantly weaken the "greenhouse effect".

The above test results are a set of representative test curves in a large number of test data. The test conditions are that the average thickness of the top air space is 200m, and the average thickness of the side air space is 2000mm.

When the outer air space layer is only in the part of the tent, it also has a similar rule, but the heat preservation and heat insulation effects are affected to varying degrees due to the proportion of the outer air space layer; The results were confirmed.

A large number of experimental results show that the reasonable average thickness of the top air space is 100-300mm, and the average thickness of the side air space is 1000-3000mm. The average thickness of the above-mentioned air space is too small, and the heat preservation and heat insulation effects are not good. Ideal; the average thickness is too large, and the effect on enhancing heat preservation and heat insulation is not obvious. Considering comprehensively, the average thickness of the top air space is selected as 100-300mm, and the preferred design is 200mm; the average thickness of the side air space The range of thickness is selected as 1000-3000mm, and the preferred design is 2000mm.

Another key point of the present invention is to determine the reasonable range of the girth ratio of the skylight and the girth ratio of the side windows on the main tent enclosure through scientific experiment analysis, and the optimal combination within a reasonable range. The purpose of optimizing the girth ratio of the skylight and the girth ratio of the side windows is to better ventilate, exhaust smoke, prevent heat and create a healthy and hygienic indoor environment. The better the thermal performance, the stronger the ventilation and smoke exhaust ability, and the more fresh air from outside enters.

The area ratio of the side window hole 7 to the awning enclosure refers to the ratio of the sum of the area of the side window openings (including doors) around the awning enclosure to the area of the entire awning enclosure (including all openings), referred to as the side window enclosure ratio; the skylight hole 8 The area ratio to the canopy enclosure refers to the ratio of the sum of the opening areas of the skylights opened on all sides of the top of the awning enclosure to the area of the entire awning enclosure (including all openings), referred to as the skylight enclosure ratio.

In order to determine the reasonable range of the girth ratio of the skylight and the girth ratio of the side windows on the canopy, the experiment of the effect of the girth ratio of the skylight on the air temperature inside the tent was carried out first. The experiment was carried out when all the side windows were closed. In the figure, the abscissa indicates different times, and the ordinate indicates temperature. The five test curves from top to bottom are the air temperature comparisons at the geometric centers of various tents when the skylight girth ratio is 0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, and 0.038. It can be seen from the figure that under the same meteorological conditions outdoors, when the skylight circumference ratio is 0 (that is, the skylights are all closed), the temperature inside the tent is the highest; when the skylight circumference ratio is 0.01, the temperature inside the tent drops significantly. The greenhouse effect is weakened; when the skylight ratio increases to 0.02, the temperature inside the tent drops significantly; when the skylight ratio is 0.03, the greenhouse effect of the tent is further improved; but when the skylight ratio increases to 0.038 , compared with 0.03, the indoor temperature does not decrease significantly. Therefore, from the perspective of weakening the greenhouse effect of the tent, enhancing the heat resistance of the tent and maintaining sufficient ventilation, it is better to control the girth ratio of the skylight within 0.03. The opening of the skylight is too large. First, the cost of the skylight and accessories will be increased. Second, the difficulty of preventing rain and leakage will be greatly increased. Third, the improvement of the ability to prevent heat and smoke is not too significant, and the gain outweighs the gain. On the other hand, it can be seen from the picture above that whether there is a skylight on the tent, the ability to prevent heat and weaken the greenhouse effect is completely different; For nomadic tents heated by tea, the best way to discharge the overflowing smoke is the skylight; in addition, the skylight can also meet the basic needs of the occupants for natural lighting. After the above test analysis and comprehensive research, the minimum skylight girth ratio should be greater than 0.01. Accordingly, the girth ratio of the skylight in the present invention ranges from 0.01 to 0.03.

Then, the experiment on the effect of the side window circumference ratio on the temperature in the tent was carried out. The experiment was carried out when the skylights were all closed. The experimental results are shown in Figure 25. In the figure, the abscissa indicates different times, and the ordinate indicates the temperature. The five test curves from top to bottom are the comparison of the air temperature inside the tent when the side window circumference ratio is 0, 0.05, 0.095, 0.15, and 0.196, and the bottom curve is the outdoor air temperature. It can be seen from the figure that under the same weather conditions outdoors, when the side window circumference ratio is 0 (that is, the side windows are all closed), the temperature inside the tent is the highest; when the side window circumference ratio is 0.05, the temperature inside the tent has Significantly decreased, the greenhouse effect weakened, especially in the higher temperature range; as the side window ratio increased to 0.095, the temperature in the tent decreased significantly; when the side window ratio was 0.15, the tent The greenhouse effect is further improved; but when the side window enclosure ratio increases to 0.196, the indoor air temperature does not decrease significantly compared with 0.15. Therefore, from the perspective of weakening the greenhouse effect of the tent, enhancing the heat resistance of the tent and maintaining sufficient ventilation, it is better to control the side window circumference ratio below 0.15. If the window opening is too large, the cost of windows and accessories will be increased, and the possibility of rainwater intrusion will be increased. , the aesthetic appearance is affected by the deterioration of the falling property. On the other hand, tents are for people to live in. In addition to comfort requirements such as heat protection, smoke exhaust, and good air quality, the occupants also have basic needs for lighting during their residence. The heat protection effect also needs to consider the occupant's natural lighting and appreciation of the exterior scenery. After the above comprehensive research, the minimum side window circumference ratio should be greater than 0.05. Accordingly, the side window circumference ratio of the present invention ranges from 0.05 to 0.15.

The above optimization ranges of the girth ratio of the side window and the girth ratio of the sunroof are obtained under the condition of fixing one of them, and their reasonable optimal combination can achieve better results, otherwise, inappropriate combinations will affect the effect. In order to obtain the influence of the combination of side window girth ratio and skylight girth ratio within the above range on the heat protection, smoke exhaust, ventilation and lighting of the tent, the following is the comparison of the air temperature inside the tent with different combinations of skylight girth ratio and side window girth ratio. Influencing experiments, the experimental results are shown in Figure 26. In the figure, the abscissa indicates different times, and the ordinate indicates the temperature. The five test curves from top to bottom are the comparison of the air temperature at the geometric center of various tents under different side window and skylight circumference ratios, and the bottom one is the outdoor air temperature curve. The first curve from top to bottom in the figure shows that under the same outdoor meteorological conditions, when the side windows and skylight ratios are both 0 (that is, the side windows and skylights are all closed), the temperature inside the tent is the highest; the second line The curve shows that when the girth ratio of the side window is 0.097 and the girth ratio of the skylight is 0, the temperature inside the tent drops significantly, and the greenhouse effect is weakened; the third curve shows that when the girth ratio of the side window is appropriately reduced to 0.076, but the skylight is opened, When the girth ratio of the skylight increases by 0.012, the temperature inside the tent drops significantly; the fourth curve shows that when the girth ratio of the side windows and the skylight is further increased to 0.11 and 0.021 respectively, the temperature drops again. The greenhouse effect of the tent has been further improved; the fifth curve shows that when the ratios of side windows and skylights are both increased to the maximum recommended values of 0.15 and 0.03, the heat protection effect of the tent is better.

The experiment scientifically explained a few points: 1. The importance of a reasonable match between the side window and the sunroof ratio, the effect is not good if only the side window is opened without the sunroof (deviating from the recommended range); 2. Within a certain matching range of the recommended value Inside (the 3rd and 4th curves), the effect of increasing the ratio of the side windows and skylights is not too significant. Considering the factors that increase the production cost and the difficulty of rain protection due to the increase of side windows and skylights, the ratio of the side windows and skylights is The combination of 0.10 and the ratio of the skylight around 0.02 is the best; 3. Enlarging the side windows and the ratio of the skylight is always beneficial to heat protection and ventilation. To deal with the hot and extreme climate, several side walls of the tent can be designed If all or part of the movable bonding is completed, one or more sides of the side wall can be uncovered when encountering a particularly hot climate.

Regardless of whether the ratio of the side windows and skylights finalized in the tent production is large or small, it will greatly affect the performance of heat protection, smoke exhaust and ventilation, but will not affect the thermal insulation performance of the tent. Because the side windows and skylights can be completely closed (when heat preservation is required); they can also be fully opened (when smoke exhaust and ventilation are required); they can also be opened to any angle according to the actual situation, so that the climate and environmental adaptability of the tent are enhanced. The size of the side windows and the skylight ratio finally determined by the tent production determines how much adjustment range the producer provides for the tent occupants.

In addition, in order to prevent mosquitoes, screens are generally installed at the opening of the window; the mesh density of screens on the market varies greatly, if according to the ventilation area ratio, it is generally 25-55% (the ventilation area ratio of the screen window for the experimental sample is about 40%). The mesh density of the screen window affects the girth ratio of the side window and the girth ratio of the skylight. When the mesh of the selected screen window is relatively thin (the ventilation area is relatively large), the girth ratio of the side window and the skylight can be appropriately reduced; the mesh is denser (the ventilation area is relatively small). ), the girth ratio of the side windows and the girth ratio of the sunroof must be appropriately increased. For nomadic areas with high altitude and few mosquitoes, if there are no screens at the window openings, the optimal range of side window girth ratio and skylight girth ratio can be multiplied by a correction factor of about 0.70.

In addition, there are obvious differences in the smoke exhaust, heat exhaust and ventilation effects of the four skylight forms shown in Figures 17 to 21, and they become worse in turn. If the effect of the first form is 100%, the latter three forms are approximately 90%, 75%, and 60% successively.

The third key point of the present invention is to reasonably select the fabric material and color range of the nomadic tent through scientific experiments.

In order to determine the fabric material of the nomadic tent, the experiment of the influence of different fabric materials on the thermal insulation performance of the tent was first carried out. The experiment was carried out at night, and the other conditions of the tent were the same, only the fabric material was different; in order to exclude the influence of other factors, the test was removed The inner canopy surrounds 4, the side windows and the skylight are all closed, and the experimental results are shown in Figure 27. In the figure, the abscissa corresponds to different times, and the ordinate indicates the temperature. The upper curve is the outdoor temperature; the middle curve is the change curve of the temperature inside the tent when the fabric is made of organic fluorine waterproof and breathable canvas; the lower curve is the change curve of the temperature inside the tent when the fabric is made of PVC single-sided coating. From this figure it can be seen that:

1) When organic fluorine is used as tent fabric, the temperature inside the tent is significantly higher than that of PVC single-sided coated tents;

2) Compared with the outdoor temperature, the temperature inside the tent of the two fabrics is lower than the outdoor temperature most of the time, and the phenomenon of "cold room effect" appears.

3) Further test results show that the inner surface temperature of the single-sided PVC fabric tent is lower than that of the organic fluorine fabric tent, and the lower degree is more obvious than the lower temperature, resulting in a more significant cold feeling in the single-sided PVC fabric tent .

Then, the experiment on the effect of different fabric materials on the thermal performance of tents was carried out. The other conditions of this experiment were the same as the experiment on the thermal insulation performance of tents made of different fabric materials. The only difference was that it was carried out during the daytime. The experimental results are shown in Figure 28. The abscissa corresponds to different times, and the ordinate indicates the temperature. Several curves are the internal temperature, internal surface temperature, and outdoor air temperature of the tent when organic fluorine and single-sided PVC coated cloth are used as fabrics. From this figure it can be seen that:

1) When organic fluorine is used as the fabric, the temperature inside the tent is significantly lower than that of PVC single-sided coated tents;

2) When organic fluorine is used as the fabric, the inner surface temperature of the tent is significantly lower than that of PVC single-sided coated tents;

3) For tents made of organic fluorine, the "greenhouse effect" is effectively weakened, the indoor temperature and inner surface temperature are lower, and the hot weather is cooler.

Through the above two experiments, it can be seen that when the structure, form, size parameters and other materials of the tents are the same, only the material of the tent fabric is different, the thermal insulation performance of the two tents when it is cold at night and the heat resistance performance when the solar radiation is strong during the day There are clear differences. Further testing found that the main reason for the above phenomenon is the different thermal conductivity of the two materials. The thermal conductivity of single-sided PVC-coated fabric is about 0.068W/m℃, while the thermal conductivity of organic fluorine waterproof and breathable canvas is about 0.048W/m m°C; The comparative test of tents made of other fabric materials also proves that choosing materials with a smaller thermal conductivity as the outer tent fabric is beneficial to improving the thermal insulation and heat resistance performance of the tent. Accordingly, the present invention uses organic fluorine fabrics with a thermal conductivity of 0.042-0.055 W/m°C as tent fabrics for nomadic tents.

In order to determine the fabric color range of nomadic tents, it is necessary to conduct an experiment on the influence of different fabric colors on the thermal insulation performance of the tent. The experiment is carried out at night, and the other conditions of the tent are the same, only the fabric color is different. In order to exclude the influence of other factors, the side window and skylights are all closed, the experimental results are shown in Figure 29, in the figure, the abscissa corresponds to different times, and the ordinate represents the temperature. Several curves respectively represent the internal air temperature and outdoor air temperature of the tent when the color of the tent fabric is pure white, off-white, dark gray, and blue. From this figure it can be seen that:

1) The lighter the color of the tent fabric, the higher the temperature inside the tent and the better the thermal insulation;

2) Pure white is the best, blue is the worst of these colors, and the "cold room effect" is the most obvious;

3) Further test results show that the inner surface temperature of light-colored fabric tents is higher than that of dark-colored fabric tents, and the higher degree is more obvious than that of air temperature, resulting in a more significant sense of warmth in light-colored fabric tents.

The last experiment was the effect of different fabric colors on the thermal performance of tents. The other conditions of this experiment were the same as those of different colors on the thermal performance of tents. The only difference was that it was conducted during the day. The experimental results are shown in Figure 30. In the figure, The abscissa corresponds to different times, and the ordinate indicates the temperature. Several curves respectively represent the internal air temperature and outdoor air temperature of the tent when the color of the tent fabric is pure white, off-white, dark gray, and blue.

It can be seen from the figure that the lighter the color of the tent fabric, the lower the temperature inside the tent and the better the heat insulation; pure white is the best, and blue is the worst of these colors. The test results also show that the inner surface temperature of light-colored fabric tents is lower than that of dark-colored fabric tents, and the lower degree is more obvious than that of air temperature, and the cool feeling in light-colored fabric tents is more significant. It can be seen that from the perspective of improving the thermal insulation and heat resistance performance of nomadic tents, the color orientation of the outer fabric is consistent, and light colors should be selected.

Through further experimental tests, it is found that the main reason for the above phenomenon is that fabrics of different colors have different reflectivity and absorption rate for radiation waves, and light-colored fabrics have high reflectivity and low absorption rate. During the day, the sun radiates heat on the outer surface of the tent, and the light-colored fabric reflects most of the heat away, and less is absorbed by the fabric, so the temperature on the inner surface of the tent and inside the tent is lower, and the dark-colored fabric absorbs more and reflects away. less, so the temperature inside the tent and inside the tent is higher; at night, the cold radiation from the sky shines on the outer surface of the tent, and the light-colored fabric reflects most of the cold away, which is less absorbed by the tent, and the temperature inside the tent is higher, and the darker The colored fabric absorbs more, reflects less, and the temperature inside the tent is lower.

Based on this, it can be concluded that the fabric color of nomadic tents should be pure white or light off-white; the tent fabric should be treated with self-cleaning, anti-fouling, and color fastness frequently to avoid gray stains during use that will darken the fabric color; the outer layer of the tent The colored area of the designed dark decorative color strips (blocks) and the printed dark patterns of ethnic characteristics should be controlled within 20% of the outer surface area of the entire tent, so as not to cause obvious adverse effects on the thermal insulation and heat resistance performance of the tent .

Based on scientific testing and research, the optimization parameters of tent design, the range of thermal conductivity of fabric materials and the preferred color of fabrics proposed above are optimized from the perspective of technical indicators such as tent ventilation, heat exhaust, smoke exhaust, heat preservation, and heat insulation. The nomadic tent also needs to comprehensively consider the economic affordability of the herders, ethnic customs, etc. In fact, through technical and economic comparison, it is not completely limited to the above range.

The present invention is mainly aimed at nomadic tents used by herdsmen on the grasslands, but is not limited to nomadic tents, and can also be applied to tents in other fields, which will not be described one by one here.

As described above, the present invention can be better implemented.

Claims (10)

1. A multifunctional composite nomadic tent, characterized in that it is mainly composed of a main tent and an outer tent arranged on the outside of the main tent, the main tent includes a supporting structure (1) and an outer tent arranged on the supporting structure (1) The outer tent includes an outer support structure (2) arranged on the outside of the support structure (1) and an outer tent enclosure arranged on the outer support structure (2). The tent enclosure consists of side enclosures (3) and tent The top (4) is formed, the outer canopy is surrounded by the outer side (5) and the outer canopy (6), and the side air interlayer is formed between the side side (3) and the outer side (5), and the canopy (4) and the outer canopy (6) are formed. Form the top air interlayer between the outer roof (6). 2. A multi-functional composite nomadic tent according to claim 1, characterized in that the average thickness of the top air interlayer is 100-300mm. 3. A multifunctional composite nomadic tent according to claim 2, wherein the average thickness of the top air interlayer is 200mm. 4. A multi-functional composite nomadic tent according to claim 1, characterized in that the average thickness of the side air space is 1000-3000mm. 5. A multifunctional composite nomadic tent according to claim 4, characterized in that the average thickness of the side air interlayer is 2000mm. 6. A multifunctional composite nomadic tent according to claim 1, characterized in that, side window holes (7) with corresponding positions and equal sizes are arranged on the side wall (3) and the outside wall (5), The area ratio of the side window hole (7) of the main tent to the canopy is 0.05-0.15. 7. A multi-functional composite nomadic tent according to claim 1, characterized in that, the canopy (4) and the outer canopy (6) are provided with skylight holes (8) with corresponding positions and equal sizes , the area ratio of the skylight hole (8) of the main tent to the canopy enclosure is 0.01-0.03. 8. A multifunctional composite nomadic tent according to claim 1, characterized in that the multifunctional composite nomadic tent is made of organic fluorine waterproof and breathable fabric with a thermal conductivity of 0.042-0.055W/m℃ . 9. A multifunctional composite nomadic tent according to claim 1, characterized in that the fabric color of the multifunctional composite nomadic tent is pure white or light off-white. 10. A multifunctional composite nomadic tent according to claim 1, characterized in that, the supporting structure (1) and the outer supporting structure (2) adopt poles or frames.

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