CN101665308B - Method for advanced treatment of landfill leachate - Google Patents
Method for advanced treatment of landfill leachate Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for advanced treatment of landfill leachate, which comprises the following steps: (1) pre-treating the landfill leachate firstly; (2) inputting filling mud in a sequencing batch biofilm reactor to acclimate suspension film; (3) inputting nutrient substances in the sequencing batch biofilm reactor as a co-metabolism substrate which is supplied to microorganisms for nutrition metabolism, then normally introducing the landfill leachate pre-treated into the sequencing batch biofilm reactor after evenly mixing the nutrient substances, and simultaneously, carrying out aeration; and (4) discharging water after stopping aeration. The method has the following advantages: (1) the method is characterized by high efficiency, economical feasibility and convenience for industrialization; and (2) the method is capable of operating stably and keeping the COD of water discharged below 100 mg/L and the quality of water discharged reaching primary discharging standard of the Standard for Pollution Control on the Landfill Site for Domestic Waste (GB 16889-2008). Such process can replace existing biology plus film treatment process and simultaneously solve economic and environmental problems arising from membrane filtration treatment.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to sewage treatment area, particularly a kind of advanced garbage leachate treatment method.
Background technology
Percolate is that rubbish is in stacking, landfill disposal process, owing to what anaerobically fermenting, organism decomposed, rainwater dashes reasons generations such as pouring, underground water immersion.In refuse landfill, there are many materials can get into percolate.When the landfill layer is passed in the moisture infiltration, the solvend that original solvend wherein and bio-degradation reactions produce, and the solvend that chemical reaction produced that causes thus all can get in the percolate; Some hydrophilic toxic organic compound can get into percolate from the space of rubbish; Some heavy metal also can dissolve the entering percolate when souring stage pH descends.Therefore, the composition of percolate is complicated, and water quality, water yield fluctuation are bigger, and it handles also difficulty.But the pay attention to day by day that Along with people's is polluted percolate, relevant both at home and abroad research increases just gradually, has invented a variety of treatment processs.At present, rubbish leachate treatment method comprises soil facture, physico-chemical processes and biological treatment.It mainly is that filtration, ion-exchange absorption through soil particle echos effect such as deposition and remove suspended solids and solvent components in the percolate that the soil is handled, and through the microbial process in the soil organism and nitrogen in the percolate is transformed; Physico-chemical process mainly contains several different methods such as charcoal absorption, chemical coagulation and precipitation, IX, r-o-, electrodialysis, and when COD was 2000～4000mg/L, the COD clearance of physico-chemical processes can reach 50～87%.Compare with biological treatment, physico-chemical processes does not receive the influence of water quality and quantity change, and effluent quality is more stable, and the percolate especially lower to BOD/COD ratio, that biodegradability is relatively poor has treatment effect preferably.But the physico-chemical process processing cost is higher, is inappropriate for the processing of big yield percolate.And biological process treating refuse percolate chemical sludge etc. can not occur to cause secondary pollution because its working cost is relatively low, processing efficiency is high, thereby is extensively adopted by countries in the world.In recent years, various percolate biologic treating techniques continue to bring out out, and like aerobic/anaerobic bonded technology, processing has obtained effect preferably to percolate.
But along with the growth at refuse landfill age, the percolate concentration that is produced is increasingly high, and more hard to manage, even adopt the aerobic/anaerobic biological treatment also to be difficult to reach emission standard.In addition, owing to percolate water quality has been compared than big-difference with general sewage, and unstable, so conventional biologic treating technique is difficult to satisfy requirement up to standard.At present, the most frequently used deep treatment method is that embrane method is handled, and like ultra-filtration membrane, reverse osmosis membrane etc., but the membrane method treating process one-time investment is big, and the film working cost is high, need routine cleaning, and the work-ing life of film is shorter.In order effectively to handle this difficult degradation, virose pollutent, solved the deficiency that embrane method is handled simultaneously, should study the new bio treatment technology, and combine utilization with other materialization technology.For example will carry out a biological disposal upon combines with chemical oxidation technology (ozone oxidation, Fenton oxidation), to improve the removal effect of pollutent, reduces its harm to environment.
Open day is on March 26th, 2008; Number of patent application is 200710120846.9; Name is called city domestic refuse percolation liquid anaerobic-aerobic-membrane treatment process, and disclosed method is: the first step, two-stage UASB anaerobic treatment; Can make the COD clearance reach 80%～90%, nitrous oxides concentration drops to 20mg/L; In second step, the G-BAF aerobic treatment is removed ammonia nitrogen, removes a part of total nitrogen and remaining organism simultaneously; In the 3rd step, coagulating sedimentation is handled, and removes the organism of sulphur and 50%～60% remainder, guarantees the water quality of nf membrane; In the 4th step, nanofiltration membrane treatment can be removed remaining organism, ammonia nitrogen and various salt.This part file the disclosed embodiments are clear and definite inadequately, do not have the control condition of bright nanofiltration system specifically.And the membrane filter method one-time investment is bigger, and the dope that is produced is handled very difficulty.The mode that general at present employing is recharged is handled, but this can cause the accumulation of salinity, thereby causes percolate more hard to manage.
Open day is on July 9th, 2008, and number of patent application is 200810025840.8, and name is called the carbon source synergistic metabolism biological treatment method of persistence organic pollutant in the waste paper making wastewater, and disclosed method is:
(1) in distribution reservoir, adding concentration is 8～12g/L glucose solution, and concentration is that 80～120mg/L phenol solution and concentration are 99.5% methyl alcohol as metabolism carbon source altogether, make abrogate paper waste and carbon source thorough mixing after, the aerobic metabolic reaction pond that is total to of entering hydrolysis;
(2) be hydrolyzed/aerobic metabolic reaction altogether in hydrolysis/aerobic metabolic reaction pond altogether, through hydrolysis-aerobic means, acclimated microorganism relies on extraneous utilization of carbon source hardly degraded organic substance under anoxic and aerobic condition, gets into catalytic oxidation metabolic reaction pond altogether;
(3) interpolation concentration is that 8～12g/L glucose solution carries out catalytic oxidation metabolic reaction altogether as being total to the metabolism carbon source in catalytic oxidation is total to the metabolic reaction pond, and mikrobe is total to the thorough remaining hardly degraded organic substance of degraded or its converted product under the metabolism condition at glucose;
(4) after waste water is come out by the common metabolic reaction pond of catalytic oxidation, get into second pond or reuse, suspended substance sedimentation bigger in the mixed solution is in the pool bottom sludge bucket.
Technology in this part open file adopts metabolic approach processing altogether to used water difficult to degradate.But used the metabolism carbon source kind is more altogether, and large usage quantity.Both increased energy consumption, to a certain extent again can be to organic competing property of degradation process inhibition in the waste water, unreasonable economically.Phenol and methyl alcohol are toxic substance, and used common metabolism carbon source kind is more, and in use the technology controlling and process operational difficulty is very high to the medicine system requirement, realizes difficulty on the engineering.
Open day is on October 1st, 2008, and number of patent application is 200810045126.5, and name is called a kind of processing method for cycle type semi-aerobic rubbish leachate, and disclosed method is: with Cl
-The higher cycle type semi-aerobic rubbish leachate of content is sent into and is carried out electrolysis in the electrolyzer that function positive is housed, and utilizes on the function positive transition metal to the activation of organic molecule in the percolate and to Cl in the percolate
-The katalysis of oxidation makes that organism can be at direct oxidation and OH in the percolate
-, ClO
-Deng degraded removal rapidly under the degraded oxygenizement of oxygenant; Then galvanic deposit or form precipitation of hydroxide and be removed or be recovered on negative electrode of heavy metal ion.Percolate is got rid of from water outlet after in electrolyzer, handling certain hour.This open file adopts electrolytic method treating refuse percolate, at first is that power consumption is bigger, secondly is that the electrolyzer cost is higher, should not handle the bigger percolate of the water yield, and range of application is restricted.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to exist not enough to the above existing consumer waste landfill percolate treatment technology; It is simple to provide technology to constitute; Operational management is convenient and invest lessly, in sequencing batch biofilm reactor, adopts altogether metabolic operation scheme to handle that high electricity is led, a kind of advanced garbage leachate treatment method of difficult degradation sewage.
Technical scheme of the present invention is achieved in that a kind of advanced garbage leachate treatment method, and it step that comprises is following:
(1) earlier percolate being carried out early stage handles;
(2) add kind of a mud at sequencing batch biofilm reactor, film is hung in domestication;
(3) percolate after the normal introduction processing in early stage and the mixed solution of nutritive substance in sequencing batch biofilm reactor carry out aeration simultaneously; (4) stop water outlet behind the aeration;
The method that film is hung in said domestication is: add kind of mud in sequencing batch biofilm reactor, add sewage again and carry out aeration, to recover sludge activity; Be reduced to 100mg/L when following when detecting COD,, begin to add percolate and nutritive substance mixed solution, keep total COD at 250～350mg/l the water emptying; When water outlet COD reaches below the 100mg/L, get into next acclimation period, a domestication process need is through three acclimation periods;
Described nutritive substance is the changing food waste lapping liquid; The addition of described changing food waste lapping liquid is: percolate: changing food waste lapping liquid=2-4: 1 COD proportion of composing;
Described changing food waste lapping liquid preparation method: get in changing food waste and the mortar, get the turbid liquid in top after grinding according to the ratio that adds 50-150mL water in the 10-30g changing food waste.
After adding percolate and nutritive substance mixed solution, add urea and potassium primary phosphate according to ratio in (BOD: N: P=100: 5: 1).
In proportion at volume for the 3L sequencing batch biofilm reactor adds 1.5L kind mud, add the 1L sewage again, with the vexed 24h that exposes to the sun of the little tolerance of 30L/h; Be reduced to 100mg/L when following when detecting COD, the water emptying, begin to add percolate and nutritive substance mixed solution, keep total COD at 250～350mg/l, in BOD: N: P=100: 5: 1 ratio adds urea and potassium primary phosphate; When water outlet COD reaches below the 100mg/L, get into next acclimation period; Next acclimation period step is identical with previous acclimation period step, only is that the ratio of percolate COD increases progressively by 20%, 40% or 60%, and a domestication process need is through three acclimation periods.
Operation method is in the described step (3): water inlet 5min, aeration 8h, quiet heavy 20min, draining 5min.
Compared with prior art; The present invention has following advantage: (1) the present invention is installed combined stuffing additional and is constituted sequencing batch biofilm reactor in the sbr reactor device; Attached to carrier surface, biota is complicated with the microbial film form for the active sludge major part, and biologic chain is longer; The ecosystem that forms is comparatively stable, so sequencing batch biofilm reactor has stronger impact resistance to water inlet COD load.Add glucose or changing food waste lapping liquid during operation as being total to the metabolism carbon source, realize the efficient metabolic degradation altogether of hardly degraded organic substance in the percolate, have the efficient height, economically feasible is convenient to industrialized characteristics.(2) subsequent treatment process handled as conventional biology+materialization of invention can steady running, and keep water outlet COD below 100mg/L, and effluent quality has reached " consumer waste filling and embedding pollution control criterion " (GB16889-2008) first discharge standard.This cover technology can replace existing biology+membrane treatment process, has solved the investment that the membrane filter method treatment process brought is big, working cost is high, produce liquid concentrator and medicament simultaneously and has cleaned waste liquid and be difficult to handle the generation secondary pollution problem.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment a kind of advanced garbage leachate treatment method of the present invention is done further to detail:
The know-why explanation
Altogether metabolism is the process of the non-specific degraded growth matrix of key enzyme and pollutent, it is generally acknowledged that key enzyme is under the inducing of growth matrix, to produce and keep necessarily active, and is total to the metabolism energy needed through the metabolism acquisition of growth matrix.In sequencing batch biofilm reactor, add growth matrix and carry out common metabolism; Purpose is to recover biomembranous activity and keep certain living weight; Because pollutent or wherein between meta-bolites may cause the toxic reaction of mikrobe, key enzyme is lost activity.But under the condition that growth matrix exists, mikrobe has the ability of self-regeneration, and key enzyme activity also can recover very soon, so can ensure that like this mikrobe is total to metabolic activity in sequencing batch biofilm reactor.Research shows: when microbial film reaches certain thickness; The speed of utilizing of growth matrix will obviously reduce; Help prolonging growth matrix like this key enzyme activity is kept effect; Simultaneously can also reduce the competition effect between growth matrix and the target contaminant, improve the efficient of key enzyme degraded target contaminant in the membrane reactor.
Sequencing batch biofilm reactor (Sequencing Batch Biofilm Reactor; SBBR) be a kind of combined biological membrane reactor; It is the different filler of filling in sequencing batch activated sludge reactor; As add gac and make granular sludge or filler is installed and make active sludge on filler, form microbial film, thereby with a kind of novel water technology of biomembrance process with the activated sludge process combination.
A kind of advanced garbage leachate treatment method, it step that comprises is following:
(1) earlier percolate being carried out early stage handles; Can adopt conventional biological and physical chemistry method processing; Make indexs such as ammonia nitrogen in the percolate after the processing, total nitrogen reach " consumer waste filling and embedding pollution control criterion " (GB16889-2008) first discharge standard, COD
CrBetween 150-250mg/L.
(2) in sequencing batch biofilm reactor, add kind of a mud, plant mud and derive from the Sewage Plant returned sluge, film is hung in domestication.The method that film is hung in domestication is: add kind of mud in sequencing batch biofilm reactor, add sewage again, with the vexed 16-24h that exposes to the sun of the little tolerance of 20-50L/h, to recover sludge activity; Be reduced to 100mg/L when following when detecting COD, the water emptying; Begin first acclimation period; Add percolate and nutritive substance (glucose or changing food waste lapping liquid) mixed solution; Keep total COD at 250～350mg/l, in order to satisfy the needs of microorganism growth, add urea and potassium primary phosphate in the ratio of (BOD: N: P=100: 5: 1); COD reaches below the 100mg/L when water outlet, and after more stable, gets into next acclimation period; Next acclimation period step is identical with previous acclimation period step, only is that the ratio of percolate COD increases progressively by 20%, 40%, 60%, and the time of each acclimation period is about a week, and a domestication process need is through three or four acclimation periods.
(3) in sequencing batch biofilm reactor, introduce nutritive substance, supply with mikrobe and carry out Nutrition and Metabolism,, ensure common metabolic activity and the treatment effect of mikrobe in system to recover biomembranous activity and to keep certain living weight as being total to metabolism matrix.Promptly mix nutritive substance with the percolate of pre-treatment, after stirring, join in the sequencing batch biofilm reactor, carry out aeration simultaneously.Described nutritive substance can be glucose or changing food waste lapping liquid.Wherein the addition of glucose is: percolate: glucose=1-3: 1 COD proportion of composing; The addition of changing food waste lapping liquid is: percolate: changing food waste lapping liquid=2-4: 1 COD proportion of composing.Described nutritive substance can be glucose or changing food waste lapping liquid.It is staple that the changing food waste lapping liquid contains with organic substances such as starch based, animal tallow classes, has characteristics such as water ratio height, grease, perishable fermentation be smelly.Preparing method: get in changing food waste and the mortar, get the turbid liquid in top after can grinding according to the ratio that adds 50-150mL water in the 10-30g changing food waste, be the changing food waste lapping liquid.The changing food waste lapping liquid is got the turbid liquid in top after can grinding according to the ratio that adds 100mL water in the 20g changing food waste.Operation method is: water inlet 5-10min, aeration 8-12h, quiet heavy 15-30min, draining 5-10min.
(4) stop water outlet behind the aeration: because filler and biomembranous is held back, adsorption; The very fast sedimentation of mud; Water outlet COD remains on below the 100mg/L, and effluent quality has reached " consumer waste filling and embedding pollution control criterion " (GB16889-2008) first discharge standard.
Embodiment 1: glucose is as being total to metabolism matrix
(1) earlier percolate being carried out early stage handles.
(2) in sequencing batch biofilm reactor, add kind of a mud domestication and hang film.Plant mud and derive from the Sewage Plant returned sluge.The method that film is hung in domestication is, according to following ratio: the kind mud that adds 1.5L is in the 3L sequencing batch biofilm reactor in volume, adds the 1L sewage again, with the vexed 24h that exposes to the sun of the little tolerance of 30L/h, to recover sludge activity; Be reduced to 100mg/L when following when detecting COD, the water emptying; Begin first acclimation period: add percolate and nutritive substance (glucose or changing food waste lapping liquid) mixed solution; Keep total COD at 250～350mg/l; In order to satisfy the needs of microorganism growth, in BOD: N: P=100: 5: 1 ratio adds urea and potassium primary phosphate; Detect water outlet COD and reach below the 100mg/L, and after stable, get into next acclimation period; Next acclimation period step is identical with previous acclimation period step, and the ratio of percolate increases progressively by COD20%, 40%, 60%, and the time of each acclimation period is a week, and whole domestication process is carried out three acclimation periods altogether.
(3) after extension film domestication test is accomplished; Adopt metabolic way operation altogether; At first according to percolate: the COD proportion of composing of glucose=2: 1, to through adding metabolism matrix altogether in the percolate of pre-treatment, after stirring; Join (volume is 3L) in the sequencing batch biofilm reactor, carry out aeration simultaneously.Processing condition and processing parameter: adopt the intermittent operation mode, water inlet 5min, aeration 8h, quiet heavy 20min, draining 5min.
(4) stop water outlet behind the aeration.
The present embodiment testing data is following:
Embodiment 2: changing food waste is as being total to metabolism matrix
(1) earlier percolate being carried out early stage handles.
(2) in sequencing batch biofilm reactor, add kind of a mud domestication and hang film, plant mud and derive from the Sewage Plant returned sluge.Taming the method for hanging film is, according to following ratio, the kind mud that adds 1.5L is in the 3L sequencing batch biofilm reactor in volume, adds the 1L sewage again, and the vexed 24h that exposes to the sun of little tolerance (30L/h) is to recover sludge activity.Detect COD and be reduced to below the 100mg/L, the water emptying.Begin to add the mixed solution of percolate and nutritive substance (glucose or changing food waste lapping liquid); Keep total COD at 250～350mg/l; In order to satisfy the needs of microorganism growth, add urea and potassium primary phosphate in the ratio of (BOD: N: P=100: 5: 1).COD reaches below the 100mg/L when water outlet, and after stable, gets into next acclimation period; Next acclimation period step is identical with previous acclimation period step, only is that the ratio of percolate increases progressively by COD20%, 40%, 60%, and the time of each acclimation period is a week, and a domestication process realizes through three acclimation periods.
(3) after the domestication of extension film is accomplished; Adopt metabolic way operation altogether; At first according to percolate: the COD proportion of composing of changing food waste lapping liquid=2: 1 is to through adding metabolism matrix altogether in the percolate of pre-treatment; After stirring, join (volume is 3L) in the sequencing batch biofilm reactor, carry out aeration simultaneously.Processing condition and processing parameter: adopt the intermittent operation mode, water inlet 5min, aeration 8h, quiet heavy 20min, draining 5min.
(4) stop water outlet behind the aeration.
The present embodiment testing data is following:
Claims (4)
1. an advanced garbage leachate treatment method is characterized in that, the step that comprises is following:
(1) earlier percolate being carried out early stage handles;
(2) add kind of a mud at sequencing batch biofilm reactor, film is hung in domestication;
(3) percolate after the normal introduction processing in early stage and the mixed solution of nutritive substance in sequencing batch biofilm reactor carry out aeration simultaneously; (4) stop water outlet behind the aeration;
The method that film is hung in said domestication is: add kind of mud in sequencing batch biofilm reactor, add sewage again and carry out aeration, to recover sludge activity; Be reduced to 100mg/L when following when detecting COD,, begin to add percolate and nutritive substance mixed solution, keep total COD at 250～350mg/l the water emptying; When water outlet COD reaches below the 100mg/L, get into next acclimation period, a domestication process need is through three acclimation periods;
Described nutritive substance is the changing food waste lapping liquid; The addition of described changing food waste lapping liquid is: percolate: changing food waste lapping liquid=2-4: 1 COD proportion of composing;
Described changing food waste lapping liquid preparation method: get in changing food waste and the mortar, get the turbid liquid in top after grinding according to the ratio that adds 50-150mL water in the 10-30g changing food waste.
2. a kind of advanced garbage leachate treatment method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, add percolate and nutritive substance mixed solution after, add urea and potassium primary phosphate according to ratio in (BOD: N: P=100: 5: 1).
3. a kind of advanced garbage leachate treatment method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, in proportion at volume for the 3L sequencing batch biofilm reactor adds 1.5L kind mud, add the 1L sewage again, with the vexed 24h that exposes to the sun of the little tolerance of 30L/h; Be reduced to 100mg/L when following when detecting COD, the water emptying, begin to add percolate and nutritive substance mixed solution, keep total COD at 250～350mg/l, in BOD: N: P=100: 5: 1 ratio adds urea and potassium primary phosphate; When water outlet COD reaches below the 100mg/L, get into next acclimation period; Next acclimation period step is identical with previous acclimation period step, only is that the ratio of percolate COD increases progressively by 20%, 40% or 60%, and a domestication process need is through three acclimation periods.
4. a kind of advanced garbage leachate treatment method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, operation method is in the described step (3): water inlet 5min, aeration 8h, quiet heavy 20min, draining 5min.
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| CN101805097B (en) * | 2010-04-08 | 2012-02-29 | 沈阳大学 | Laying method of base material of underground leachate treatment system |
| CN104556587B (en) * | 2015-01-13 | 2016-04-06 | 湖南大学 | A kind of method for treating garbage percolation liquid |
| CN104959375B (en) * | 2015-07-27 | 2017-04-12 | 南京凯盛国际工程有限公司 | Method and system for remediating organic matter polluted soil by use of landfill leachate |
| CN107364955B (en) * | 2017-07-31 | 2021-04-30 | 江苏中车环保设备有限公司 | Film forming method of filler for treating domestic sewage |
| CN112250250A (en) * | 2020-09-22 | 2021-01-22 | 合肥白云环卫设备有限公司 | Landfill leachate membrane based deep purification treatment process |
| CN114314841B (en) * | 2022-02-08 | 2023-07-25 | 兰州大学淮安高新技术研究院 | Film hanging method for immobilized biological filter |
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| CN101186415A (en) * | 2007-11-22 | 2008-05-28 | 武汉理工大学 | Method and device for treating garbage percolate by using combination coagulated two-stage sequencing batch type biological film |
| CN101244880A (en) * | 2008-03-27 | 2008-08-20 | 维尔利环境工程（常州）有限公司 | Advanced treatment method for garbage percolate |
| CN101314503A (en) * | 2008-06-18 | 2008-12-03 | 辽宁大学 | Processing method for garbage leachate |
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| CN101186415A (en) * | 2007-11-22 | 2008-05-28 | 武汉理工大学 | Method and device for treating garbage percolate by using combination coagulated two-stage sequencing batch type biological film |
| CN101244880A (en) * | 2008-03-27 | 2008-08-20 | 维尔利环境工程（常州）有限公司 | Advanced treatment method for garbage percolate |
| CN101314503A (en) * | 2008-06-18 | 2008-12-03 | 辽宁大学 | Processing method for garbage leachate |
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Address after: 510060 East seat, No. 348 East Ring Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Yuexiu District Co-patentee after: Sun Zhimin Patentee after: GUANGZHOU MUNICIPAL ENGINEERING DESIGN & RESEARCH INSTITUTE Co.,Ltd. Address before: 510060 East seat, No. 348 East Ring Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Yuexiu District Co-patentee before: Sun Zhimin Patentee before: GUANGZHOU MUNICIPAL ENGINEERING DESIGN & Research Institute |
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Address after: 510060 East seat, No. 348 East Ring Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Yuexiu District Co-patentee after: Sun Zhimin Patentee after: GUANGZHOU MUNICIPAL ENGINEERING DESIGN & Research Institute Address before: 510060 East staircase, No. 348 East Ring Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Yuexiu District Co-patentee before: Sun Zhimin Patentee before: GUANGZHOU MUNICIPAL ENG DESIGN & Research Institute |