A kind of encapsulating method of fuel cell
Technical field
The invention belongs to a kind of encapsulating method of fuel cell, described fuel cell comprises passive self-breathing direct methanol fuel cell, direct aminic acid fuel battery and alcohol fuel cell.
Background technology
Fuel cell is a kind of device that chemical energy is converted into electric energy by electrochemical reaction.1839, Gove proposed the notion of fuel cell first.It has obtained increasing concern in recent years as a kind of energy conversion device of efficient pollution-free.And present stage hydrogen oxygen fuel cell have problems such as technical problem in the production, storage, transportation, safety of hydrogen and expense and can not large-scale application.People have turned to little organic molecule such as methyl alcohol, formic acid etc. sight.Compare with gaseous fuel, this liquid fuel is easy to deposit and transportation, has higher energy conversion efficiency, need not outer the reformation and hydrogen purification device, is easy to carry and stores, and product is mainly water and amounts of carbon dioxide, is eco-friendly green energy resource.
The self-respiration type direct methanol fuel cell is considered to have most a kind of fuel cell of market-oriented potentiality, it is that cell cathode is directly exposed in the natural air, and airborne oxygen arrives cathode catalysis layer by diffusion transmission forms such as concentration difference diffusion and cross-ventilations and carries out electrochemical reducting reaction.It need not battery auxiliary equipment and heating systems such as methyl alcohol peristaltic pump, air pump, thereby the energy consumption and the production cost of battery itself have been reduced, simplified the fuel cell structure system, made the weight and volume of battery system can realize microminiaturization and commercialization smoothly.
Because self-breathing direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) adopts liquid fuel, the method that tradition adopts silicagel pad to rely on the two-plate interfacial pressure to seal, as shown in Figure 1, on graphite cake or stainless steel substrates, carve or be pressed into the plate 1 in flow field, on graphite cake or stainless steel substrates, carve or be pressed into the cathode plate 8 in flow field; Anode current collector material 2 and cathode collector material 9 place on the flow field respectively and in membrane electrode 4 both sides, play the effect of support and reactant distribution; The sealing gasket 3 that silicagel pad or rubber blanket are made places between plate 1 and the membrane electrode 4, the sealing gasket 7 that silicagel pad or rubber blanket are made places cathode plate 8 and membrane electrode 4, rely on the pressure between the two-plate to reach sealing effectiveness, wherein the thickness of sealing gasket depends on the contact side thickness of electrode of afflux material and membrane electrode.Its shortcoming has: sealing gasket is easy to wear out, and pressure can diminish and causes reducing even losing sealing effectiveness between pole plate and the membrane electrode; The thickness of sealing gasket is wayward.Too thickly cause contact not tight, it is big that resistance becomes, and sealing gasket is too thin, and is very soft, is difficult to operation, bad realization sealing; In assembling process, sealing gasket is not to be easy to fix.Effect is not very desirable.
Also there is Many researchers to propose different improving one's methods such as patent CN2475144Y, CN1964099A, CN2854819Y etc., but major part is at hydrogen fuel cell or active methanol fuel cell, is not adapted at using above the self respiration direct fuel liquid battery.In self-breathing direct methanol fuel cell, employing silicagel pad that has or rubber blanket rely on the pressure of pole plate to realize sealing, methods such as fluid sealant seals are irritated in the employing that has, these methods are difficult to guarantee sealing effectiveness, and implement complexity, removing sometimes has destruction to membrane electrode, assembles the increase difficulty, therefore, need the encapsulating method of fuel cell be improved.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of encapsulating method of fuel cell, described fuel cell comprises passive self-breathing direct methanol fuel cell, direct aminic acid fuel battery and alcohol fuel cell.
This method is than the method for tradition employing silicagel pad and fluid sealant, and simpler, convenient, better effects if is more suitable for using on fuel cell.
At first introduce the structure of the passive self-breathing fuel cell that the present invention is suitable for: this fuel cell is the plane formula structure, comprises window type fuel storage chamber, membrane electrode and pole plate three parts.Membrane electrode is a kind of solid polymer proton exchange membrane electrode, and it is made up of anode diffusion layer, anode catalyst layer, proton exchange membrane, cathode catalysis layer, cathode diffusion layer; In the membrane electrode both sides is cathode collector net, anode current collector net accordingly, outermost layer is respectively a support polar plate, play the effect of afflux and support respectively, described support polar plate is made through engraving by metallic plate, unsaturated polyester plate or graphite cake, and cathode collector net and anode current collector net are gold-plated stainless (steel) wire or graphite network; Successively plate, anode current collector net, membrane electrode, cathode collector net, cathode plate are fixed on the window type fuel storage chamber, seal, just obtain complete battery.
The step and the condition of the encapsulating method of a kind of passive self-breathing direct methanol fuel cell provided by the invention are as follows:
As shown in Figure 2, the degree of depth of preparing the one the first groove shape flow fields 12 and 19, the first groove shape flow fields 12, the second groove shape flow field on plate 11 and cathode plate 18 respectively equates with the thickness of the anode side electrode of the first afflux material 13 and three in one membreane electrode 16; 19 the degree of depth equates with the thickness of the cathode side electrode of the second afflux material 20 and three in one membreane electrode 16;
The first afflux material 13 is embedded in the compound positive plate of formation above plate 11 groove shaped flow field 13; The second afflux material 20 is embedded in the compound minus plate of formation above the cathode plate 18 second groove shape flow fields 19;
Described three in one membreane electrode 16 is made up of cathode side electrode, anode side electrode and proton exchange membrane;
The electrode Outside Dimensions of described three in one membreane electrode 16 both sides equates with the size in the first groove shape flow field 12 and the second groove shape flow field 19 or is slightly little, when compound positive plate and compound minus plate and 16 liang of lateral electrodes of three in one membreane electrode were fixed together, 16 liang of lateral electrodes of three in one membreane electrode closely contacted to reduce contact resistance with the second afflux material 20 with the first afflux material 13;
Hot melt adhesive film is cut into and the same hot melt adhesive film frame of three in one membreane electrode 16 electrode outer shape, the frame inside dimension of hot melt adhesive film frame is the same with three in one membreane electrode 16 electrode side dimension, thermosol glued membrane frame 14 is sticked on the compound positive plate of anode-side and makes the anode compound polar plate 15 that is stained with the thermosol glued membrane; Obtain and anode compound polar plate hot pressing three in one membreane electrode 17 together being stained with the anode compound polar plate 15 of thermosol glued membrane and the anode side electrode hot pressing of three in one membreane electrode 16 together, described hot pressing temperature depends on the thermosol glued membrane that is adopted, but the glass transition temperature that can not surpass proton exchange membrane, hot pressing temperature is at 60-120 ℃, pressure is 3-5MPa, and hot pressing time is 10-90s; Perhaps,
Take hot-press method, because three in one membreane electrode two lateral electrodes self have certain thickness,, can influence the performance of electrode, so will when hot pressing, will take safeguard measure if directly press the face electrode.The anode side electrode of three in one membreane electrode 16 is lain against on the anode compound polar plate 15 that is stained with the thermosol glued membrane, around the cathode side electrode of three in one membreane electrode 16, stick polyester film protection, polyester thickness will be higher than the thickness of electrode, be generally 0.6-1cm, directly be pressed in during hot pressing on three in one membreane electrode 16 cathode sides, obtain and anode compound polar plate hot pressing three in one membreane electrode 17 together;
The second afflux material 20 is embedded in the compound minus plate of formation above the cathode plate 18 second groove shape flow fields 19; Then compound cathode plate is lain in and anode compound polar plate hot pressing three in one membreane electrode 17 cathode side together, be buckled together, obtain battery unit 21, battery unit 21 is assembled in just obtains a kind of passive self-breathing direct methanol fuel cell on the window type battery container at last;
Described hot melt adhesive film is copolyesters (PES) hot melt adhesive film, copolyamide (COPA) hot melt adhesive film, polyurethane (TPU) hot melt adhesive film or ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (E V A) hot melt adhesive film;
Described plate 11 and cathode plate 18 materials are stainless steel substrates, unsaturated polyester (UP) plate or graphite cake;
Described afflux material is gold-plated stainless (steel) wire or titanium net;
The proton exchange membrane of the centre of described three in one membreane electrode is the perfluorinated sulfonic acid proton exchange membrane, adopts the Nafion film of Dupont company;
Described three in one membreane electrode anode side electrode, cathode side electrode are divided into Catalytic Layer and diffusion layer two parts, and diffusion layer is carbon paper or carbon cloth; Anode catalyst layer is the black or PtRu/C eelctro-catalyst of PtRu, and cathode catalysis layer is the black or Pt/C eelctro-catalyst of Pt.
Beneficial effect: the anode-side hot pressing that will be stained with the anode compound polar plate of thermosol glued membrane and three in one membreane electrode together, then the negative electrode compound polar plate is lain in cathode side with anode compound polar plate hot pressing three in one membreane electrode together, be buckled together, obtain element cell; With element cell be fixed on just can realize on the battery container sealing; The inventive method adopts PUR to realize sealing, just can realize on the battery sealing as long as the anode of three in one membreane electrode and hot pressing of anode compound polar plate and negative electrode compound polar plate be buckled together being fixed on, do not need to add too big pressure, sealing effectiveness is better than adopting conventional method, and simple to operate, energy large-scale production has also improved efficient; Groove shaped flow field on the pole plate is fit to the afflux material is embedded in the inside, reduces the contact resistance of battery; Dismounting is got up fairly simple, can repeatable operation, and less to the battery performance influence.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that traditional existing employing sealing gasket relies on the pressure-tight method schematic diagram of pole plate.
Among the figure, 1 contains the flow field plate, 2 anode current collector materials, and 3 sealing gaskets, 4 membrane electrodes, 5 anode side electrode, 6 cathode side electrodes, 7 sealing gaskets, 8 contain the flow field cathode plate, 9 cathode collector materials.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram that the encapsulating method of a kind of fuel cell of the present invention adopts the hot melt adhesive film sealing.
Among the figure, 11 plates, 12 groove shaped flow fields, 13 afflux materials, 14 hotting mask glued membrane frames, 15 are stained with the anode compound polar plate of thermosol glued membrane, 16 three in one membreane electrode, 17 three in one membreane electrode anode-side and the hot pressing of anode compound polar plate are together; 18 cathode plates, 19 groove shaped flow fields, 20 afflux materials, 21 lie in cathode side with anode compound polar plate hot pressing three in one membreane electrode together to the negative electrode compound polar plate, are buckled together, and obtain battery unit.
Embodiment:
Embodiment 1
The encapsulating method of a kind of passive self-breathing direct methanol fuel cell provided by the invention, its step and condition are as follows:
As shown in Figure 2, monocell is of a size of 3cm * 3cm.Plate 11 and cathode plate 18 materials and the stainless steel substrates that is of a size of 5cm * 5cm are prepared the first groove shape flow field 12 and the second groove shape flow field 19 respectively, flow field effective dimensions 3cm * 3cm on plate 11 and cathode plate 18; The degree of depth of groove shaped flow field 12 equates with the thickness of the anode side electrode of the first afflux material 13 and three in one membreane electrode 16; The degree of depth in the second groove shape flow field 19 equates with the thickness of the cathode side electrode of the second afflux material 20 and three in one membreane electrode 16; The afflux material adopts gold-plated stainless (steel) wire, and it is of a size of 3cm * 3cm * 0.3mm; The thermosol glued membrane adopts copolyamide (COPA) hot melt adhesive film, and its thickness is 0.2mm.
The first afflux material 13 is embedded in the compound positive plate of formation above plate 11 groove shaped flow field 13; The second afflux material 20 is embedded in the compound minus plate of formation above the cathode plate 18 second groove shape flow fields 19;
Described three in one membreane electrode 16 is made up of cathode side electrode, anode side electrode and proton exchange membrane.The cathode and anode lateral electrode is Catalytic Layer and diffusion layer two parts, and wherein diffusion layer is the TGP-H-060 carbon paper of Japanese TORAY company, and its thickness is 0.19mm; Catalytic Layer is the eelctro-catalyst of Johnson Matthey company, and the cathode side Catalytic Layer is black for Hispec 1000Pt, and the anode-side Catalytic Layer is black for Hispec 6000PtRu, and its carrying capacity is 5mg/cm
2
Proton exchange membrane adopts Nafion 117 films of Dupont company for the perfluorinated sulfonic acid proton exchange membrane.
The electrode Outside Dimensions of described three in one membreane electrode 16 both sides is compared slightly little 1 millimeter with the first groove shape flow field 12 with the size in the second groove shape flow field 19, when compound positive plate and compound minus plate and 16 liang of lateral electrodes of three in one membreane electrode were fixed together, 16 liang of lateral electrodes of three in one membreane electrode closely contacted to reduce contact resistance with the second afflux material 20 with the first afflux material 13;
Copolyamide (COPA) hot melt adhesive film is cut into and the same hot melt adhesive film frame of three in one membreane electrode 16 electrode outer shape, the frame inside dimension of hot melt adhesive film frame is the same with three in one membreane electrode 16 electrode side dimension, and the anode compound polar plate 15 that is stained with the thermosol glued membrane is made in 14 hot pressing of thermosol glued membrane frame on the compound positive plate of anode-side; Obtain and anode compound polar plate hot pressing three in one membreane electrode 17 together being stained with the anode compound polar plate 15 of thermosol glued membrane and the anode side electrode hot pressing of three in one membreane electrode 16 together, described hot pressing temperature depends on the thermosol glued membrane that is adopted, but the glass transition temperature that can not surpass proton exchange membrane, this routine operating condition is 110 ℃ of hot pressing temperatures, pressure 3.5Mpa, hot pressing time 30s.
When hot pressing three in one membreane electrode and anode compound polar plate, need protect electrode.Because three in one membreane electrode two lateral electrodes self have certain thickness, if directly be pressed in overlying electrode, can influence the performance of electrode, so will when hot pressing, will take safeguard measure.The anode side electrode of three in one membreane electrode 16 is lain against on the anode compound polar plate 15 that is stained with the thermosol glued membrane; around the cathode side electrode of three in one membreane electrode 16, stick polyester film protection; polyester thickness is 1cm; directly be pressed in during hot pressing on three in one membreane electrode 16 cathode sides, obtain and anode compound polar plate hot pressing three in one membreane electrode 17 together.
The second afflux material 20 is embedded in the compound cathode plate of formation above the cathode plate 18 second groove shape flow fields 19; Then compound cathode plate is lain in and anode compound polar plate hot pressing three in one membreane electrode 17 cathode side together, be buckled together, obtain battery unit 21, element cell 21 is assembled in just obtains a kind of passive self-breathing direct methanol fuel cell on the window type battery container at last;
Embodiment 2: adopt method of the present invention to seal for be of a size of the battery pack that 1.5cm * 4cm forms by 4 each monocells of monocell
With the difference of embodiment 1 be that the plate, cathode plate material and the thermosol glued membrane that adopt are different, other material is all the same.Plate, cathode plate adopt a kind of nonconducting unsaturated polyester (UP) plate, are of a size of 8cm * 6cm, carve out 4 groove shape parallel flow field on pole plate, and each flow field effective dimensions is 1.55cm * 4.05cm, is spaced apart 2mm between each flow field.The thermosol glued membrane adopts polyurethane (TPU) modified hot melt adhesive film, and temperature is 105 ℃ during hot pressing, pressure 3.5Mpa, and the time is 40s.Membrane electrode is taked monolithic multi-electrode form, and four electrodes are promptly arranged on a slice film, and its position is corresponding with position, flow field on the pole plate, is of a size of 1.5cm * 4cm.At first, with the hot pressing of thermosol glued membrane on the peripheral frame in the monocell flow field on the anode compound polar plate, then with the hot pressing of membrane electrode anode-side being stained with on the composite anode pole plate of thermosol glued membrane, when hot pressing membrane electrode, it is capable that the monolithic multi-electrode is carried out heat as a whole.Concrete operation method is with embodiment 1.At last ready-made battery assembly module is assembled on the battery case and gets final product.
Embodiment 3: form the compact battery group for 4 monocells and adopt method of the present invention to seal
With the difference of embodiment 2 be that plate material adopts stainless steel substrates.Because stainless steel substrates conduction is made independently flow field so each flow field must disconnect, each independently stainless steel substrates be of a size of 2cm * 6cm, carving out groove flow field effective dimensions in the above is 1.55cm * 4.05cm.Specific operation process is with embodiment 2.At last, battery pack is packed into battery container is assembled into battery.When being assembled into battery, owing to can not contact between each monocell, the slit between each limit end of flow field plate adopts silica gel to seal.