CN101624236A

CN101624236A - System for purifying quality of landscape water body

Info

Publication number: CN101624236A
Application number: CN200910148216A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 文剑平; 杨建州; 梁辉; 孟繁龙
Original assignee: Beijing Originwater Technology Co Ltd
Current assignee: Beijing Originwater Technology Co Ltd
Priority date: 2008-06-18
Filing date: 2009-06-18
Publication date: 2010-01-13
Anticipated expiration: 2029-06-18
Also published as: CN101624236B; CN101318736A

Abstract

The invention relates to a system for purifying the quality of a landscape water body, comprising a bacterial bed, a reef flat, a bottom mud layer, water plants and aquatic animals, wherein the bacterial bed, the reef flat and the bottom mud layer are arranged in the landscape water body, the water plants are planted in the bottom mud layer, and the aquatic animals grow in the purifying system. The system for purifying the quality of the landscape water body is beautiful, environment-friendly and natural and effectively treats the landscape water body.

Description

Landscape water quality clarification system

It is that June 18, application number in 2008 are 200810115102.2, denomination of invention is a right of priority for the application of " landscape water quality clarification system " Chinese invention patent that the present invention requires the applying date

[technical field]

The invention belongs to technical field of waste water processing.More specifically, the present invention relates to a kind of water purification system that is used for landscape water body.

[background technology]

In recent years along with the raising of people's living standard, nature river course water scenery, the water scenery dwelling house, landscape water bodies such as water scenery theme park continue to bring out, present these landscape water bodies, mostly be static or mobile poor sealing unhurried current water body greatly, make to lack a complete biologic chain in the whole landscape water, so self-purification capacity is extremely low.Though also there is the part landscape water body to adopt the method for natural river course or lake drinking-water, but because pollution of waterhead now is serious, nitrogen and phosphorus content is higher, make water body that very high pollution be arranged from the beginning, rain drop erosion is arranged again in addition and water the infiltration of pouring water, nutrition such as various nitrogen, phosphorus, carbon, potassium and a large amount of foreign material such as fertilizer, agricultural chemicals and leaf, withered grass are pooled in the lower landscape water body of physical features.As time goes on, will cause water body to be subjected in various degree pollution, can cause body eutrophication when serious, cause algal bloom in the water, the water body blackening is fouled, it is attractive in appearance to have a strong impact on landscape water body, even physical environment and living environment around the influence, thus forfeiture landscape water body function.At present, the processing of landscape water is extremely urgent, need water treatment method economically and reasonably, guarantee that its landscape water body is limpid, clean, the inventor is summing up forefathers' practical experience, on the basis in conjunction with the achievement in research of other water-treatment technology field, made the present invention finally through number of research projects.

[summary of the invention]

[problem that invention will solve]

The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of landscape water quality clarification system, this system can carry out natural purification to landscape water body, need not treating plant, environmental protection and energy saving and attractive in appearancely have an advantage of beautifying the environment.

[technical scheme]

In order to address the above problem, the invention provides a kind of landscape water quality clarification system, wherein, described purification system comprises the reef flat, the sediment layer that is located at water bottom that are located at the intravital bacterium bed of landscape water, are located at the water body periphery, be planted in the waterplant in the described sediment layer and be grown in hydrocoles in the described water body, described bacterium bed is arranged on below the water surface, by microorganic adhesion in can supplying water, and constitute through the filler that microorganism is introduced a fine variety, the specific surface area of described filler is not less than 100m ²/ m ³Described sediment layer is by having added organic soil ulmin, having inoculated constituting through disinfectant soil of nitrobacteria and photosynthetic bacterium.

Nitrobacteria (nitrifying bacteria) is an aerobic bacteria, belong to the class of property bacterium on one's own account, comprise two kinds of complete different metabolic groups: nitrous acid Pseudomonas (nitrosomonas) and nitric acid Pseudomonas (nitrobacter), wherein nitrococcus comprises the bacterium in Nitromonas, Nitrosococcus, Nitrosospira and the Nitrosolobus; Nitrifier comprises the bacterium in Nitrobacter, Nitrococcus and the Nitrocystis.

Nitrite bacteria (claiming ammonia oxidation bacteria again) can become nitrous acid with ammonia oxidation.Nitrate bacteria (claiming nitrobacteria again) can be oxidized to nitric acid with nitrous acid, and this two classes bacterium can obtain the growth energy needed respectively from above-mentioned oxidising process.This two classes bacterium lives in together usually, can avoid the accumulation of nitrite in soil, help the body normal growth, and ammonia in the soil or ammonium salt must just can change nitrate under the acting in conjunction of above two bacterioids, thereby increase the available nitrogen nutrition of plant.

(Photosynthetic Bacteria Abbr is the general name of under anaerobic not putting the photosynthetic bacterium of oxygen PSB) to photosynthetic bacterium, is the Gram-negative bacteria that a class does not form the gemma ability.Photosynthetic bacterium can carry out photosynthesis in the illumination anoxic environment is arranged, utilize luminous energy to carry out photosynthesis, utilizes luminous energy assimilation carbonic acid gas, and different with green plants is that its photosynthesis is non-oxygen-production.Some kinds in aquaculture in the main utilization photoheterotrophy type Rhodospirillaceae (Rhodospirillaceae), Rhodopseudomonas palustris (Rhodopseudanonas palustris) for example, play the effect of toxic substances such as the nitrite of degraded in the water body, sulfide, realize serving as bait, purify water, preventing disease, as functions such as fodder additivess.

Nitrobacteria used in the present invention and photosynthetic bacterium inoculation method are those skilled in the art's known technology.

In the present invention, soil disinfection can be adopted the existing conventional method, as (1) radiation sterilization, carries out sterilization as the gammairradiation of cobalt 60; (2) chemical substance sterilization with activity very strong oxygenant or alkylating agent, as sterilizations such as oxyethane, propylene oxide, formaldehyde and reactive chlorine, after the sterilization, should make medicament fully distribute, and removes residual hazard.

In the present invention, soil ulmin has characteristics such as acidity, nitrogen content are very high, is rich in elements such as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur, phosphorus, and brown colloidalmaterial darkly usually is common in the humus layer that mountain, sylvogenic soil surface layer dry branches and fallen leaves form.

According to a kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, described bacterium bed is as buying the like product of acquisition on the filler product of the bright source of U.S. magnificent biologic packing material, the Yixing City water treatment filler company limited production and sales of adopting Beijing letter and the sale of Mei Hua Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd or the market, the microorganism kind of introducing a fine variety on this bacterium bed is selected from nitrobacteria, photosynthetic bacterium, Bacillus subtilus, actinomycetes, milk-acid bacteria, yeast, suis etc.The existing conventional means in present technique field is adopted in introducing a fine variety of bacterium, is to well known to a person skilled in the art technology, does not therefore give unnecessary details.

Preferably, also comprise the plants on water surface that is grown in the described purification system water surface in the above-mentioned purification system, with the submerged plant and/or the emergent that are grown in described purification system bank, as aquatic Canna generalis Bailey, mullet grass, Spiked Loosestrife, cattail, calamus, Scirpus tabernaemontani, lotus or water lily.

According to a kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, hydrocoles in the system comprises filter-feeding fish and/or large-scale benthonic invertebrates, for example Chinese Bitterling Welfare, high body Bitterling Welfare, colored stone crucian carp, little like silver xenocypris, need not Propitious, tortoise, Squaliobarbus curriculus, silver carp, flathead, Luo Fei etc.; Grow three limb wheel animalcules, cladocera and scratch sufficient class, ring rib spiral shell, anodon, China rice shrimp, or spiral shell, freshwater mussel etc.

Preferably, the degree of depth under water of the reef flat of described purification system is 20-40cm, and the depth of water at the offshore place is no more than 60cm, progressively deepens then, and the sediment layer thickness at offshore place can be 20-30cm.Central authorities' depth of water is no more than 100cm.In addition, the part is provided with the ballow in the described purification system, and the depth of water of ballow is greater than 150cm, and the bed mud thickness of the sediment layer of ballow is 30-50cm.

In the context of the present invention, offshore is no more than the zone of 3m in term " offshore place " the expression system.

Of the present invention being described in detail as follows:

Design is on the landscape water body bank usually for reef flat, and based on sandstone, the about 30cm of mean thickness under water of reef flat specifically can have the variation of the depth, also can place big view stone or plant suitable plant on the top layer of reef flat.

The bacterium bed form also can be diversified, to satisfy the view requirement.The biologic packing material of bacterium bed can be selected the honeycombed plastic carrier for use, is placed on the place apart from the about 20-30cm of the water surface, is that bacterium bed surface can cover view stone or plantation marsh plants on biologic packing material, as reed, cattail, Spiked Loosestrife etc., to coordinate with view better.

In this purification system, generally lay the 20-30cm sediment layer, on sediment layer, plant phytobenthos, put hydrocoles then in a suitable place to breed, the food chain combination that formation can natural purification becomes intact ecocystem.

[beneficial effect]

Above-mentioned purification system is taked comprehensive regulation form, and regulation effect is good, can make landscape water (as the river of pond, sluggish flow) so clear that you can see the bottom;

This system need not change water, can directly utilize rainwater to regulate, the conserve water resource;

The routine maintenance expense is very low;

Ecosystem design makes in water bank, the water surface, the water, Water bottom landscape is vividly beautiful

[description of drawings]

Fig. 1 is the construction procedure figure of embodiments of the invention.

[embodiment]

Following embodiment is described with reference to the accompanying drawings the present invention.

Embodiment

Present embodiment is positioned at central section, Olympic Green, Beijing, and water body always is about 2.7km, water surface area 16.5 ten thousand m ², be 25～150m according to its water surface width of different zones.This water body is subjected to aspect effects limit such as coverage of water, water environment capacity, water body self-purification ability, the long-term water quality inferiority of this water body for the sealing water body.

Wherein, ecological bag, timber spats are adopted in the bank of source section, intersperse shore protection with nature materials such as mountain stones, and clay lenses and natural pebble are laid in the river bed, improve river bed matrix, make water system approach state of nature, there is fluctuations in the riverbed, and matrix is soil or sand or stone, rich and varied, form multiple ecotope, thereby for multiple waterplant and hydrocoles provide adapt circumstance, and can play the effect of auxiliary purification of water quality.

The soil that this zone bottom is covered carries out the physical and chemical index analysis, and it the results are shown in Table 1.

Table 1

Sampling spot	??PH	Unit weight (g/cm ³)	Non-hollow billet voidage (%)	Saltiness (mg/L)	Organic (%)	Full nitrogen (%)	Full phosphorus (%)
Sampling spot	??PH	Unit weight (g/cm ³)	Non-hollow billet voidage (%)	Saltiness (mg/L)	Organic (%)	Full nitrogen (%)	Full phosphorus (%)	??W1-1#	??8.9	??1.35	??＞10％	??＜1.0	??0.01	??0.15	??0.01
??W2-2#	??9.04	??1.42	??11.52	??0.07	??0.03	??0.22	??0.032	??W1-1#	??8.9	??1.35	??＞10％	??＜1.0	??0.01	??0.15	??0.01
??W2-2#	??9.04	??1.42	??11.52	??0.07	??0.03	??0.22	??0.032	??W3-3#	??9.28	??1.45	??13.38	??0.07	??0.05	??0.32	??0.022
??W4-4#	??8.6	??1.50	??13.33	??0.08	??0.08	??0.12	??0.032	??W3-3#	??9.28	??1.45	??13.38	??0.07	??0.05	??0.32	??0.022
??W4-4#	??8.6	??1.50	??13.33	??0.08	??0.08	??0.12	??0.032	??W6-5#	??8.7	??1.67	??14.78	??0.06	??0.01	??0.17	??0.021
??W7-6#	??8.22	??1.64	??13.91	??0.06	??0.01	??0.12	??0.032	??W6-5#	??8.7	??1.67	??14.78	??0.06	??0.01	??0.17	??0.021
??W7-6#	??8.22	??1.64	??13.91	??0.06	??0.01	??0.12	??0.032	??W8-6#	??8.8	??1.72	??14.81	??0.06	??0.02	??0.13	??0.021
Mean value	??8.79	??1.54	??13.62	??0.07	??0.03	??0.18	??0.024	??W8-6#	??8.8	??1.72	??14.81	??0.06	??0.02	??0.13	??0.021

The soil that this zone bottom is covered carries out the microbiology index analysis, and it the results are shown in Table 2.

Table 2

Sampling spot	Photosynthetic bacterium sum PSR	The nitrobacteria sum	Total plate count	Protozoon	Major microorganisms is formed
Sampling spot	Photosynthetic bacterium sum PSR	The nitrobacteria sum	Total plate count	Protozoon	Major microorganisms is formed	Unit	Individual/the g dry ground	Individual/the g dry ground	Individual/the g dry ground	Individual/the g dry ground
??W1-1#	Do not detect	??2.9×10 ⁴	??8.9×10 ⁴	??30	Bacterium, actinomycetes, filamentous fungus	Unit	Individual/the g dry ground	Individual/the g dry ground	Individual/the g dry ground	Individual/the g dry ground
??W1-1#	Do not detect	??2.9×10 ⁴	??8.9×10 ⁴	??30	Bacterium, actinomycetes, filamentous fungus	??W2-2#	Do not detect	??1.9×10 ⁴	??9.04×10 ⁴	??10	Bacterium, actinomycetes, filamentous fungus
??W3-3#	Do not detect	??1.3×10 ⁴	??9.28×10 ⁴	??2	Bacterium, actinomycetes, filamentous fungus	??W2-2#	Do not detect	??1.9×10 ⁴	??9.04×10 ⁴	??10	Bacterium, actinomycetes, filamentous fungus
??W3-3#	Do not detect	??1.3×10 ⁴	??9.28×10 ⁴	??2	Bacterium, actinomycetes, filamentous fungus	??W4-4#	Do not detect	??0.9×10 ⁴	??8.6×10 ⁴	??8	Bacterium, actinomycetes, filamentous fungus

??W6-5#	Do not detect	??0.8×10 ⁴	??8.7×10 ⁴	??50	Bacterium, actinomycetes, filamentous fungus
??W6-5#	Do not detect	??0.8×10 ⁴	??8.7×10 ⁴	??50	Bacterium, actinomycetes, filamentous fungus	??W7-6#	Do not detect	??0.2×10 ⁴	??8.22×10 ⁴	??23	Bacterium, actinomycetes, filamentous fungus
??W8-6#	Do not detect	??1.7×10 ⁴	??8.8×10 ⁴	??43	Bacterium, actinomycetes, filamentous fungus	??W7-6#	Do not detect	??0.2×10 ⁴	??8.22×10 ⁴	??23	Bacterium, actinomycetes, filamentous fungus
??W8-6#	Do not detect	??1.7×10 ⁴	??8.8×10 ⁴	??43	Bacterium, actinomycetes, filamentous fungus	Mean value	Do not detect	??0.98×10 ⁴	??8.79×10 ⁴	??12	Bacterium, actinomycetes, filamentous fungus

Annotate: living bacteria count is measured the MPN5 pipe method (can referring to the agricultural industry criteria photosynthetic bacterium microbial inoculum NY 527-2002 of the People's Republic of China (PRC)) that adopts

The result shows that this zone soil property physics shape is a clay, lacks physical structure, is strongly alkaline soil, very is unfavorable for the fixed growth of microorganism and the growth of aquatic animals and plants.Earthing beneficial bacteria comparatively small amt, microorganism are mainly based on actinomycetes, filamentous fungus and other bacteriums.

In order to improve the bed mud characteristic, bed mud is carried out activity handle.The active target of handling of bed mud is the needs at aquatic plants growth, water scenery water quality, to bed mud carry out disinfection, technical measures such as microbial inoculant, bed mud animal cultivation, make bed mud possess absorption, supply nutrient, suppress the pathogenic bacterium growth and water scenery water quality is played cleaning action, form the process of soil-microorganism-bed mud active animal complex body.The active processing of bed mud handled at the system constructing initial stage bed mud by technical measures, make the bed mud system possess absorption, supply nutrient, suppress functions such as germ growth, formation has the complex body of purification function, strengthen the bed mud detergent power, and provide the good growth place of perching for aquatic animals and plants.

Ecological gradual slope is arranged in other place in the water body, bank slope and water contact interface are with adopting ecological bag, mountain stone and imitative timber as spats, and lay natural materials such as cobble, planting aquatic plants between the cobble slit, not only can purify water, and make on the green space on lakeside East Road continuity has been arranged, and beautified the shore protection of hard, increased the agile property of water.

The depth of water≤the 0.60m of offshore place (within the about 3m of bank), the depth of water progressively deepens from water front to water central authorities, the about 1.0m of the central depth of water, localized design ballow.

Plant heavy water class waterplant, emergent, floatingleaved plant and hydrocoles then.

Wherein, before the plantation plant, should carry out the place and check and accept, carry out 2 retainings then.During first filling, floating substance can appear in the water surface, this moment with first filling all put do after; The retaining 5cm left and right sides depth of water once more, the water surface dirts such as floating substance that would not occur swimming.

Utilize grid method to determine the position of plant community and single-strain planting, plant then.

Wherein, emergent was planted during the 4-7 month of vigorous growth, and be the 4-5 month planting season of floating plant.The used plant of present embodiment sees Table 3.

Table 3

Sequence number	Kind	Specification	Quantity	Unit	Remarks
Sequence number	Kind	Specification	Quantity	Unit	Remarks	??1	Lotus	Life in 3 years	??10897	??m ²	6 strains/m ²
??2	Reed	Life in 3 years	??10780	??m ²	25 strains/m ²	??1	Lotus	Life in 3 years	??10897	??m ²	6 strains/m ²
??2	Reed	Life in 3 years	??10780	??m ²	25 strains/m ²	??3	Water lily	Life in 3 years	??1306	??m ²	8 strains/m ²
??4	Wild rice stem	Life in 3 years	??4127	??m ²	9 strains/m ²	??3	Water lily	Life in 3 years	??1306	??m ²	8 strains/m ²
??4	Wild rice stem	Life in 3 years	??4127	??m ²	9 strains/m ²	??5	Cattail	More than 3 buds	??8328	??m ²	6 strains/m ²
??6	Scirpus tabernaemontani	Life in 3 years	??2718	??m ²	6 clumps/m ²	??5	Cattail	More than 3 buds	??8328	??m ²	6 strains/m ²
??6	Scirpus tabernaemontani	Life in 3 years	??2718	??m ²	6 clumps/m ²	??7	Spiked Loosestrife	More than 3 buds	??3536	??m ²	36 strains/m ²
??8	Aquatic Canna generalis Bailey	Life in 3 years	??1381	??m ²	4 clumps/m ²	??7	Spiked Loosestrife	More than 3 buds	??3536	??m ²	36 strains/m ²
??8	Aquatic Canna generalis Bailey	Life in 3 years	??1381	??m ²	4 clumps/m ²	??9	Flower Lin	Life in 3 years	??562	??m ²	16 strains/m ²
??10	Yellow flag	More than 5 buds	??660	??m ²	16 strains/m ²	??9	Flower Lin	Life in 3 years	??562	??m ²	16 strains/m ²
??10	Yellow flag	More than 5 buds	??660	??m ²	16 strains/m ²	??11	Calamus	Life in 3 years	??2032	??m ²	16 strains/m ²
??12	Arrowhead	More than 3 buds	??841	??m ²	16 strains/m ²	??11	Calamus	Life in 3 years	??2032	??m ²	16 strains/m ²
??12	Arrowhead	More than 3 buds	??841	??m ²	16 strains/m ²	??13	The mullet grass	Life in 3 years	??1083	??m ²	16 strains/m ²
??14	Spatterdock	??10*8	??2859	??m ²	6 strains/m ²	??13	The mullet grass	Life in 3 years	??1083	??m ²	16 strains/m ²
??14	Spatterdock	??10*8	??2859	??m ²	6 strains/m ²	??15	Rhizome of Grass leaf Sweelflag	Life in 3 years	??58	??m ²	16 strains/m ²
??16	Job's tears	The 10-15 bud	??805	??m ²	9 strains/m ²	??15	Rhizome of Grass leaf Sweelflag	Life in 3 years	??58	??m ²	16 strains/m ²
??16	Job's tears	The 10-15 bud	??805	??m ²	9 strains/m ²	??17	Submerged plant	Life in 3 years	??55000	??m ²	9 strains/m ²

Hydrocoles be can put in a suitable place to breed after finishing water plant planting, filter-feeding fish and large-scale benthonic invertebrates comprised.The effect of fish mainly is a control algae bio amount, wherein filter-feeding fish and scrape the feeding habits zoobenthos and mainly play river course " street cleaner " effect.In addition, zoobenthos such as spiral shell, freshwater mussel etc. can purify water effectively, and bivalves can be filtered miniature organism (as the animals and plants that swim, microorganism etc.) and the organic debris that suspends in the drinking water, improve the transparency of water.Spiral shell is mainly scraped and is being eaten algae and the microorganism and the detritus of giving birth to, and the short agglutinating matter of secretion simultaneously flocculates the lake mud material and difficult the suspension, impels water to become clear.

Also can put flying bird, aquatic bird, swan, mandarin duck etc. in a suitable place to breed in addition.

Through the purification of water quality and the maintenance of native system, the comprehensive regulation, water quality is improved significantly, can reach " water environment quality standard " III class water body requirement (GB3838-2002).Also effectively eliminate body eutrophication simultaneously, eliminate algal bloom, limpid thereby water body becomes, make landscape water body more attractive in appearance, physical environment on every side and living environment obtain very big improvement, thereby recover and improve the function of landscape water body.

Claims

1, a kind of landscape water quality clarification system, it is characterized in that described purification system comprises the sediment layer that is located at the intravital bacterium bed of landscape water, reef flat, is located at water bottom, is planted in the waterplant in the described sediment layer and is grown in hydrocoles in the described water body, described bacterium bed is arranged on below the water surface, be made of the filler that can provide microorganic adhesion in the water, also introduce a fine variety through microorganism, described packing specific area is not less than 100m ²/ m ³Described sediment layer is by having added organic soil ulmin, having inoculated constituting through disinfectant soil of nitrobacteria and photosynthetic bacterium.

2, landscape water quality clarification system according to claim 1 is characterized in that also comprising the plants on water surface that is grown in the described purification system water surface.

3, landscape water quality clarification system according to claim 1 is characterized in that also comprising the submerged plant and/or the emergent that are grown in described purification system bank.

4, landscape water quality clarification system according to claim 1 is characterized in that described hydrocoles comprises filter-feeding fish and/or large-scale benthonic invertebrates.

5, landscape water quality clarification system according to claim 1 is characterized in that described purification system is no more than 60cm in the depth of water at offshore place, and the central depth of water is no more than 100cm.

6, landscape water quality clarification system according to claim 1 is characterized in that the part is provided with the ballow in the described purification system, and the depth of water of ballow is greater than 150cm.

7, landscape water quality clarification system according to claim 1, the degree of depth under water that it is characterized in that described reef flat is 20-40cm.

8, landscape water quality clarification system according to claim 1, the bed mud thickness that it is characterized in that described sediment layer is 20-50cm.

9, landscape water quality clarification system according to claim 1 is characterized in that introducing a fine variety microorganism on described bacterium bed and is selected from one or more microorganisms in nitrobacteria, photosynthetic bacterium, Bacillus subtilus, actinomycetes, milk-acid bacteria, yeast, the suis.