CN101605292B - Sounding device and sounding component - Google Patents
Sounding device and sounding component Download PDFInfo
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- CN101605292B CN101605292B CN 200910149175 CN200910149175A CN101605292B CN 101605292 B CN101605292 B CN 101605292B CN 200910149175 CN200910149175 CN 200910149175 CN 200910149175 A CN200910149175 A CN 200910149175A CN 101605292 B CN101605292 B CN 101605292B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a sounding device, which comprises an electromagnetic signal input device and a sounding component, wherein the sounding component comprises at least a carbon nanotube membrane including a plurality of preferred orientation arranged carbon nanotube and contacting with a medium; the electromagnetic signal input device transmits electromagnetic signal to the carbon nanotube membrane which heats through adsorbing the electromagnetic signal, so as to heat the medium to send out sound wave. The invention also relates to a sounding component.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of sound-producing device and sounding component, relate in particular to a kind of sound-producing device based on carbon nano-tube and sounding component.
Background technology
Sound-producing device generally is comprised of signal input apparatus and sounding component., and then sound to sounding component by the signal input apparatus input electrical signal.Sounding component of the prior art is generally a loudspeaker.This loudspeaker is a kind of electro-acoustic element that electric signal is converted to voice signal.Particularly, can to change the audio-frequency electric power signal in the certain limit into distortion by the transducing mode little and have a sub-audible sound of enough sound pressure levels for loudspeaker.The kind of loudspeaker is a lot, although their working method is different, generally is by producing mechanical vibration and promotes ambient air, thereby make air dielectric produce the conversion that fluctuation realizes " electricity-Li-sound ".
See also Fig. 1, existing D.sp. 100 is comprised of three parts usually: voice coil loudspeaker voice coil 102, magnet 104 and vibrating diaphragm 106.Voice coil loudspeaker voice coil 102 adopts a conductor usually, and when inputting a tone currents signal in the voice coil loudspeaker voice coil 102, voice coil loudspeaker voice coil 102 is equivalent to a current－carrying conductor.If place it in the fixed magnetic field, in magnetic field, can be subject to the Lorentz force effect according to current－carrying conductor, voice coil loudspeaker voice coil 102 can be subject to the power that a size is directly proportional with tone currents, direction changes with the tone currents direction.Therefore, voice coil loudspeaker voice coil 102 will produce vibration under magnetic fields, and drives vibrating diaphragm 106 vibrations, and the air of vibrating diaphragm 106 front and back is thereupon vibration also, converts the electrical signal to sound wave to radiation all around.Yet the structure of this D.sp. 100 is comparatively complicated, and the magnet in the loudspeaker 100 102 may to other with it close electronic equipment cause adverse effect.
Further, the principle of sound of loudspeaker of the prior art is the transfer principle of " electricity-Li-sound ", and namely the fundamental prerequisite of sounding is the input of electric signal.At extreme environment, as without under the electrical environment, then can't use above-mentioned loudspeaker and carry out sounding.
Optoacoustic effect refers to can produce the phenomenon of acoustical signal when material is subject to the irradiation of periodic intensity modulation.When material was subject to irradiation, material was stimulated because of absorbing light energy, and made all or part of heat that changes into of luminous energy of absorption by nonradiative transition.If the light beam of irradiation is through periodic intensity modulated, then in material, produce periodic temperature variation, the cyclical variation that this part material and contiguous medium thereof is expanded with heat and contract with cold and produce stress (or pressure), thereby produce acoustical signal, this kind signal claims photoacoustic signal.The frequency of photoacoustic signal is identical with light modulation frequency, and its intensity and phase place then are decided by the characteristic of optics, calorifics, elasticity and the geometry of material.At present, utilize the optoacoustic spectrometer of optoacoustic effect manufacturing and photoacoustic microscope to be widely used in material composition analyzing and testing field.For example, optoacoustic spectrometer of the prior art generally comprises a light source, a sample chamber and a signal detector.This light source is generally pulsed laser source or the continuous laser source of a modulation.This signal detector is generally a microphone.Be placed with sample to be measured in this sample chamber, this specimen material is not limit, and can be gas, liquid or solid material, such as a pressed powder or a biological sample etc.This lasing light emitter Emission Lasers shines on the sample in the sample chamber, because the acoustic energy that produces in the optoacoustic effect directly is proportional to the luminous energy of material absorbing, and absorption peak appears in the material of heterogeneity at the wavelength place of Different lightwave, therefore when the light source with multiline or continuous spectrum shines sample with different wave length Shu Xiangji, the material of heterogeneity will produce photoacoustic signal maximum value at the optical wavelength place corresponding with absorption peak separately in the sample.This signal detector is by the maximum value of this photoacoustic signal of detection, thus the material category of judgement testing sample.
Yet, general material is subject to the restriction of light absorpting ability, the photoacoustce signal intensity that produces a little less than, and frequency range is more than megahertz, can only receive by transducing heads such as microphone or piezoelectric sensors, therefore, also do not utilize the sound-producing device of optoacoustic effect manufacturing that the voice signal of its generation can directly be perceived by the human ear in the prior art.In addition, the electromagnetic wave of broad sense is not used the sound-producing device that optoacoustic effect is made in the prior art yet.
Since the early 1990s, (see also Helical microtubules of graphiticcarbon with carbon nano-tube, Nature, Sumio Iijima, vol 354, p56 (1991)) caused that with its unique structure and character people pay close attention to greatly for the nano material of representative.In recent years, along with deepening continuously of carbon nano-tube and nano materials research, its wide application prospect constantly displayed.For example, because performances such as the electromagnetics of the uniqueness that carbon nano-tube has, optics, mechanics, chemistry, a large amount of relevant its applied researcies in fields such as field emitting electronic source, sensor, novel optical material, soft ferromagnetic materials constantly are in the news.Yet, find not yet but in the prior art that carbon nano-tube is used for field of acoustics as sounding component.
Summary of the invention
Therefore, necessary a kind of sound-producing device and the sounding component of providing, this sound-producing device is simple in structure, and the sounding component in this sound-producing device need not magnet, can directly send the sound that can be perceived by the human ear under the condition without electricity.
A kind of sound-producing device, it comprises: an electromagnetic wave signal input media; An and sounding component; Wherein, this sounding component comprises at least one carbon nano-tube film, this carbon nano-tube film comprises a plurality of carbon nano-tube that are arranged of preferred orient, this carbon nano-tube film and a medium contact, this electromagnetic wave signal input media transmits electromagnetic wave signal to this carbon nano-tube film, this carbon nano-tube film is generated heat by absorbing this electromagnetic wave signal, thereby heating medium send sound wave.
A kind of sounding component, it comprises at least one carbon nano-tube film, and this carbon nano-tube film comprises a plurality of carbon nano-tube that are arranged of preferred orient, and this carbon nano-tube film also generates heat by absorbing an electromagnetic wave signal, thus heating medium sends sound wave.
A kind of sound-producing device, it comprises: at least one carbon nano-tube film, this carbon nano-tube film comprise a plurality of carbon nano-tube that are arranged of preferred orient, this carbon nano-tube film and a medium contact by absorbing electromagnetic wave signal heating, send sound wave thereby heat this medium; And a matrix, this carbon nano-tube film is arranged at this matrix surface, and wherein, this matrix is display, mobile phone, computer, TV, sound equipment, door, window, screen, furniture or the vehicles.
A kind of sound-producing device, it comprises: one or more ordinary light sources; At least one carbon nano-tube film, this carbon nano-tube film comprise a plurality of carbon nano-tube that are arranged of preferred orient, and this carbon nano-tube film and a medium contact generate heat by absorbing the light that this ordinary light source sends, and send sound wave thereby heat this medium; And one modulation circuit be electrically connected with this ordinary light source, control the variation of intensity or the frequency of this ordinary light source by the audio electrical signal of input.
Compared with prior art, described sound-producing device and sounding component have the following advantages: one, because the sounding component in the described sound-producing device can only be comprised of carbon nano-tube film, need not other labyrinths such as magnet, so the structure of this sound-producing device is comparatively simple, be conducive to reduce the cost of this sound-producing device.They are two years old, this sound-producing device utilizes input signal to cause this carbon nano-tube film temperature variation, thereby its surrounding gas medium is expanded rapidly and contraction, and then sends sound wave, so the sounding component that this carbon nano-tube film forms need not magnet, avoids other electronic equipment is caused adverse effect.They are three years old, because this carbon nano-tube film has less unit area thermal capacitance and larger specific surface area, so this carbon nano-tube film has the characteristics rapid, that thermo-lag is little, rate of heat exchange is fast that heat up, so the sounding component that this carbon nano-tube film forms can send the very interior sound (1Hz-100kHz) of broad spectrum, and has preferably sounding effect.They are four years old, because carbon nano-tube joins end to end by Van der Waals force, so the carbon nano-tube film that is comprised of carbon nano-tube has preferably physical strength and toughness, and end to end carbon nano-tube has preferably heat conductivility along orientation, thereby makes sounding component have preferably sounding effect.Its five because carbon nano-tube has great specific surface area, under the effect of Van der Waals force, carbon nano-tube film itself has good adhesion, so carbon nano-tube film can directly attach to the supporting construction surface easily.Its six because described carbon nano-tube film is for directly to pull acquisition from carbon nano pipe array, its width and length are not all limit, so can easily prepare the larger area sounding component.Its seven, this carbon nano-tube film is by being converted to heat with electromagnetic wave signal, need not energising and gets final product sounding, is suitable for using under the particular surroundings.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of loudspeaker in the prior art.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of first embodiment of the invention sound-producing device.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of carbon nano-tube fragment in the carbon nano-tube film in the first embodiment of the invention sound-producing device.
Fig. 4 is the stereoscan photograph of carbon nano-tube film in the first embodiment of the invention sound-producing device.
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of the sounding component of the unsettled setting of first embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 6 is the structural representation that first embodiment of the invention is passed through the sound-producing device of optical signal transmission fiber.
Fig. 7 is that the first embodiment of the invention sounding component is to the response curve of 800 nanometer single-pulse lasers.
Fig. 8～Figure 11 is the power of first embodiment of the invention sounding component under different wave length laser-pressure response curve.
Figure 12 is the structural representation of second embodiment of the invention sound-producing device.
Figure 13 is the structural representation that second embodiment of the invention has the sound-producing device of cavity.
Figure 14 is the structural representation of the sound-producing device of third embodiment of the invention.
Figure 15 is the schematic top plan view of Figure 14.
Embodiment
Describe the sound-producing device of the embodiment of the invention in detail below with reference to accompanying drawing.
See also Fig. 2, first embodiment of the invention provides a kind of sound-producing device 10, and this sound-producing device 10 comprises electromagnetic wave signal input media 112, one sounding components, 114, one supporting constructions 116 and a modulating device 118.This sounding component 114 is arranged on this supporting construction 116, and supports by this supporting construction 116.This supporting construction 116 is an optional structure, is used for supporting and fixing this sounding component 114.This electromagnetic wave signal input media 112 and these sounding component 114 corresponding and interval settings are used for providing an electromagnetic wave signal 120.This modulating device 118 is arranged between this electromagnetic wave signal input media 112 and the sounding component 114, is used for described electromagnetic wave signal 120 is carried out the modulation of intensity or frequency.The electromagnetic wave signal 120 that sends from this electromagnetic wave signal input media 112 is undertaken by this modulating device 118 being passed to this sounding component 114 surfaces after the modulation of intensity and frequency.
Described sounding component 114 comprises a carbon nanotube layer.This carbon nanotube layer contacts with a gas or liquid medium.This carbon nanotube layer has larger specific surface area, and comprises equally distributed carbon nano-tube.This carbon nanotube layer comprises at least one deck carbon nano-tube film.This carbon nano-tube film comprises a plurality of carbon nano-tube that are arranged of preferred orient.Carbon nano-tube is substantially parallel and be parallel to the surface of carbon nano-tube film in this carbon nano-tube film.Described carbon nano-tube film is a self supporting structure for by directly pull acquisition from carbon nano pipe array.So-called " self supporting structure " i.e. this carbon nano-tube film need not by a support body supports, also can keep self specific shape, unsettled setting and two sides all can with air or other medium contact.Because a large amount of carbon nano-tube attract each other by Van der Waals force in the carbon nano-tube film of this self supporting structure, thereby make carbon nano-tube film have specific shape, form a self supporting structure.Particularly, each carbon nano-tube film comprises a plurality of in the same direction preferred orientations and is basically parallel to the carbon nano-tube of carbon nano-tube film surface alignment.Described carbon nano-tube joins end to end by Van der Waals force, to form the carbon nano-tube film of a self-supporting.See also Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, particularly, each carbon nano-tube film comprise a plurality of continuously and the carbon nano-tube fragment 143 that aligns.This a plurality of carbon nano-tube fragment 143 joins end to end by Van der Waals force.Each carbon nano-tube fragment 143 comprises a plurality of carbon nano-tube that are parallel to each other 145, and this a plurality of carbon nano-tube that is parallel to each other 145 attracts each other by Van der Waals force.This carbon nano-tube fragment 143 has arbitrarily width, thickness, homogeneity and shape.The thickness of described carbon nano-tube film is 0.5 nanometer～100 micron, and width is relevant with the size of the carbon nano pipe array that pulls this carbon nano-tube film, and length is not limit.This carbon nano-tube can be one or more in Single Walled Carbon Nanotube, double-walled carbon nano-tube and the multi-walled carbon nano-tubes.The diameter of described Single Walled Carbon Nanotube is 0.5 nanometer～50 nanometers, and the diameter of described double-walled carbon nano-tube is 1.0 nanometers～50 nanometers, and the diameter of described multi-walled carbon nano-tubes is 1.5 nanometers～50 nanometers.
In this carbon nano-tube film, adjacent carbon nano-tube has certain interval, thereby makes this carbon nano-tube film have a large amount of micropores, and then makes this carbon nano-tube film have great specific surface area.In the present embodiment, the specific surface area of this carbon nano-tube film is greater than 100 square metres of every grams.
Further, described carbon nanotube layer can comprise at least carbon nano-tube film of two-layer laminate setting, combines closely by Van der Waals force between the adjacent carbon nano-tube film.This carbon nano-tube film comprises a plurality of carbon nano-tube that are arranged of preferred orient.The number of plies of the carbon nano-tube film in this carbon nanotube layer is not limit, and has an intersecting angle α between the carbon nano-tube in the adjacent two layers carbon nano-tube film, 0 °≤α≤90 °, specifically can prepare according to actual demand.As the angle α between the carbon nano-tube in the adjacent two layers carbon nano-tube film during greater than 0 °, a plurality of carbon nano-tube in the carbon nano-tube membrane structure form a reticulate texture, and this reticulate texture comprises a plurality of equally distributed micropores, and its aperture is less than 5 microns.
The thickness that is appreciated that described carbon nanotube layer can not be too thick, and the too thick carbon nano-tube and ambient gas or liquid medium of then affecting carried out heat interchange, thereby affects the sounding effect of this sounding component 114.In addition, the thickness of this carbon nanotube layer can not be too thin, and too thin then this carbon nanotube layer intensity is relatively poor, damages easily in voiced process.This carbon nano-tube has the absorption characteristic of homogeneous to the electromagnetic wave of various wavelength, be appreciated that, this carbon nanotube layer is thicker, the ability of absorbing light energy is better, the intensity of sound that sounding component 114 sends is larger, therefore should guaranteeing to have under the prerequisite of enough little unit area thermal capacitance, improve the thickness of this sounding component 114 as far as possible.Preferably, the thickness of described carbon nanotube layer is 0.5 nanometer～1 millimeter.In the present embodiment, the length of described carbon nanotube layer is 3 centimetres, and width is 3 centimetres, and thickness is 50 nanometers, and described carbon nanotube layer comprises a carbon nano-tube film.
Because carbon nano-tube film has great specific surface area, under the effect of Van der Waals force, carbon nano-tube film in this carbon nanotube layer itself has good adhesiveness, so when adopting this carbon nanotube layer to make sounding component 114, carbon nanotube layer directly can be attached to supporting construction 116 surfaces.Further, can also mutually cohere by cementing agent between described supporting construction 116 and the described sounding component 114, thereby described sounding component 114 is fixed on the supporting construction 116 better.Described cementing agent can be a resistant to elevated temperatures silica gel.
Described supporting construction 116 mainly plays a supportive role, and its shape is not limit, and any object with definite shape such as a wall or desktop, all can be used as the supporting construction 116 in the first embodiment of the invention.Particularly, this supporting construction 116 can be a plane or curved-surface structure, and has a surface.At this moment, this sounding component 114 directly arranges and fits on the surface of this supporting construction 116.Support by supporting constructions 116 because this sounding component 114 is whole, so this sounding component 114 can higher electromagnetic wave signal 120 inputs of bearing strength, thereby have higher intensity of phonation.In addition, see also Fig. 5, this supporting construction 116 also can be a framed structure, rod shaped structure or irregularly shaped structure.At this moment, these sounding component 114 parts contact with this supporting construction 116, the unsettled setting of remainder.For example, this sounding component 114 can comprise the two mutual also carbon nano-tube films of stacked setting that intersect.The two ends of this carbon nano-tube film are fixed on the supporting construction 116, the unsettled setting in the middle part of carbon nano-tube film.This kind set-up mode can make this sounding component 114 and air or surrounding medium carry out better heat interchange.This sounding component 114 and air or ambient gas or liquid medium contact area are larger, and rate of heat exchange is faster, therefore have better phonation efficiency.
The material of this supporting construction 116 is not limit, and can be a hard material, such as adamas, wood materials, glass or quartz.In addition, described supporting construction 116 also can be a flexible material, such as paper material, plastics or resin.Preferably, the material of this supporting construction 116 should have preferably heat-insulating property, thereby prevents excessive being absorbed by this supporting construction 116 of heat that this sounding component 114 produces, and can't reach the purpose of circumference gas or liquid medium sounding.In addition, this supporting construction 116 is preferably has a comparatively coarse surface, thereby can make the sounding component 114 that is arranged at above-mentioned supporting construction 116 surfaces have larger contact area with air or other extraneous media.Perhaps, these supporting construction 116 surfaces can have a recess, and such as a through hole or blind hole, it is unsettled that this sounding component 114 covers this recess place, thus the contact area of increase and air or other medium.
Be appreciated that because the carbon nanotube layer in the above-mentioned sounding component 114 is a self supporting structure, so this supporting construction 116 is an optional structure.
Described electromagnetic wave signal input media 112 comprises an electromagnetic wave signal source, and the electromagnetic wave of intensity or changeable frequency can be sent in this electromagnetic wave signal source, forms an electromagnetic wave signal 120.The intensity of this electromagnetic wave signal 120 or frequency can constantly change, thereby can make the carbon nanotube layer as sounding component 114 absorb this electromagnetic wave signal 120 intermittent-heating air, make the continuous dilation of air, and then continue to sound.The frequency range of this electromagnetic wave signal 120 comprises radiowave, infrared ray, visible light, ultraviolet ray, microwave, X ray and gamma-rays etc.Preferably, this electromagnetic wave signal source is an optical signal source, and the electromagnetic wave signal 120 that sends can be a light signal, and the wavelength of this light signal comprises the various light waves from ultraviolet to the far infrared wavelength.The average power density of this electromagnetic wave signal 120 is at 1 μ W/mm
2～20W/mm
2In the scope.Be appreciated that, the intensity of this electromagnetic wave signal 120 can not be too a little less than, the abundant circumference air of carbon nanotube layer is sounded, and, the intensity of this electromagnetic wave signal 120 can not be too strong, force very much carbon nanotube layer and airborne oxygen to react, thereby destroy this carbon nanotube layer.The average power density of this electromagnetic wave signal 120 is larger, and the intensity of phonation of this carbon nano-tube film is stronger.Preferably, this electromagnetic wave signal source is a pulse laser generator.
Incident angle and the position of the electromagnetic wave signal 120 that this electromagnetic wave signal input media 112 sends on sounding component 114 do not limit.In addition, the distance between this electromagnetic wave signal input media 112 and the sounding component 114 is not limit, but should guarantee can be passed to this sounding component 114 surfaces from the electromagnetic wave that this electromagnetic wave signal input media 112 sends.Preferably, this electromagnetic wave signal is a light signal.See also Fig. 6, this electromagnetic wave signal input media 112 may further include an optical fiber 122, these optical fiber 122 1 ends are connected with described optical signal source 124, the other end extends near the described carbon nanotube layer, thereby makes the electromagnetic wave signal 120 that sends by above-mentioned laser generator be passed at a distance sounding component 114 surfaces by optical fiber 122.This electromagnetic wave signal 120 can make this electromagnetic wave signal input media 112 and these sounding component 114 distant settings, and make the propagation of this electromagnetic wave signal 120 not be subjected to object blocks, or propagate along non-directional route by these optical fiber 122 transmission.
Described modulating device 118 is an optional structure, is arranged on the transmission path of this electromagnetic wave signal 120, comprises intensity modulator, frequency modulator or both combinations.Described sound-producing device 10 is modulated by intensity and the frequency of 118 pairs of electromagnetic wave signals 120 of modulating device, thereby realizes making the intensity of the sound that sounding component 114 sends and the change of frequency.Particularly, can by the power with different frequency switch electromagnetic wave signal 120 modulated electromagnetic wave signals 120, perhaps change the power of the intensity modulated electromagnetic wave signal 120 of electromagnetic wave signal 120 with different frequency.The variation of variable effect sounding component 114 audible frequencies of electromagnetic wave signal 120 powers.By this electromagnetic wave signal 120 is modulated, can make this sounding component 114 send the sound of different frequency.Be appreciated that this modulating device 118 can be with described electromagnetic wave signal input media 112 integrated or interval arrange.When described electromagnetic wave signal input media 112 comprised an optical fiber 122, this modulating device 118 can be arranged at the initiating terminal of optical fiber 122 or finish on the end.In the present embodiment, this modulating device 118 is an electro-optic crystal.Be appreciated that the electromagnetic wave signal 120 that itself sends when this electromagnetic wave signal input media 112 has been the signal (such as pulse signal) of an intensity or frequency change, this electromagnetic wave signal 120 need not modulation, is passed to this sounding component 114 and can realizes sounding.
The preparation method of carbon nano-tube film mainly may further comprise the steps in the first embodiment of the invention:
Step 1: a carbon nano pipe array is provided, and preferably, this array is super in-line arrangement carbon nano pipe array.
The carbon nano-pipe array that the embodiment of the invention provides is classified one or more in single-wall carbon nanotube array, double-walled carbon nano-tube array and the array of multi-walled carbon nanotubes as.In the present embodiment, the preparation method of being somebody's turn to do super in-line arrangement carbon nano pipe array adopts chemical vapour deposition technique, its concrete steps comprise: a smooth substrate (a) is provided, this substrate can be selected P type or N-type silicon base, or select the silicon base that is formed with oxide layer, present embodiment to be preferably and adopt 4 inches silicon base; (b) evenly form a catalyst layer at substrate surface, this catalyst layer material can be selected one of alloy of iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni) or its combination in any; (c) the above-mentioned substrate that is formed with catalyst layer was annealed in 700～900 ℃ air about 30 minutes～90 minutes; (d) substrate that will process places reacting furnace, is heated to 500～740 ℃ under the blanket gas environment, then passes into carbon-source gas and reacts about 5～30 minutes, and growth obtains super in-line arrangement carbon nano pipe array, and it highly is 50 nanometers～5 millimeter.Should super in-line arrangement carbon nano-pipe array classify as a plurality of parallel to each other and perpendicular to the pure nano-carbon tube array of the carbon nano-tube formation of substrate grown.By above-mentioned control growth conditions, substantially do not contain impurity in this super in-line arrangement carbon nano pipe array, such as agraphitic carbon or residual catalyst metal particles etc.Carbon nano-tube in this carbon nano pipe array forms array by the Van der Waals force close contact each other.This carbon nano pipe array and above-mentioned area of base are basic identical.
Carbon source gas can be selected the more active hydrocarbons of chemical property such as acetylene, ethene, methane in the present embodiment, and the preferred carbon source gas of present embodiment is acetylene; Blanket gas is nitrogen or inert gas, and the preferred blanket gas of present embodiment is argon gas.
Be appreciated that the carbon nano pipe array that present embodiment provides is not limited to above-mentioned preparation method.Also can be graphite electrode Constant Electric Current arc discharge sedimentation, laser evaporation sedimentation etc.
Step 2: adopt a stretching tool from carbon nano pipe array, to pull and obtain a carbon nano-tube film.It specifically may further comprise the steps: (a) from described super in-line arrangement carbon nano pipe array selected one or have a plurality of carbon nano-tube of one fixed width, present embodiment is preferably and adopts adhesive tape, tweezers or clip contact carbon nano pipe array with one fixed width with selected one or have a plurality of carbon nano-tube of one fixed width; (b) with certain speed this selected carbon nano-tube that stretches, thereby form end to end a plurality of carbon nano-tube fragment, and then form a continuous carbon nano-tube film.This pulls direction along the direction of growth that is basically perpendicular to carbon nano pipe array.
In above-mentioned drawing process, when these a plurality of carbon nano-tube fragments break away from substrate gradually along draw direction under the pulling force effect, because van der Waals interaction, should selected a plurality of carbon nano-tube segments be drawn out continuously end to end with other carbon nano-tube segment respectively, thereby form one continuously, evenly and the carbon nano-tube film with one fixed width.This carbon nano-tube film comprises a plurality of end to end carbon nano-tube, and this carbon nano-tube is arranged along draw direction substantially.See also Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, this carbon nano-tube film comprises a plurality of carbon nano-tube that are arranged of preferred orient 145.Further, described carbon nano-tube film comprises a plurality of carbon nano-tube fragments 143 that join end to end and align, and carbon nano-tube fragment 143 two ends interconnect by Van der Waals force.This carbon nano-tube fragment 143 comprises a plurality of carbon nano-tube that are arranged parallel to each other 145.Should directly stretch and obtain the method Simple fast of carbon nano-tube film, the suitable industrial applications of carrying out.
In the present embodiment, the width of the size of the substrate that the width of this carbon nano-tube film and carbon nano pipe array are grown and selected carbon nano pipe array is relevant, and the length of this carbon nano-tube film is not limit, and can make according to the actual requirements.The thickness of this carbon nano-tube film is 0.5 nanometer～100 micron.Carbon nano-tube 145 in this carbon nano-tube film can be one or more in Single Walled Carbon Nanotube 145, double-walled carbon nano-tube 145 and the multi-walled carbon nano-tubes 145.The diameter of described Single Walled Carbon Nanotube 145 is 0.5 nanometer～50 nanometers.The diameter of described double-walled carbon nano-tube 145 is 1.0 nanometers～50 nanometers.The diameter of described multi-walled carbon nano-tubes 145 is 1.5 nanometers～50 nanometers.
Be appreciated that because the carbon nano-tube 145 in the super in-line arrangement carbon nano pipe array of present embodiment is very pure, and because the specific surface area of carbon nano-tube 145 itself is very large, so this carbon nano-tube film itself has stronger viscosity.Therefore, this carbon nano-tube film can directly attach to described supporting construction 116 surfaces during as sounding component 114.
In addition, can with an organic solvent process above-mentioned carbon nano-tube film.Particularly, can organic solvent be dropped in the whole carbon nano-tube film of carbon nano-tube film surface infiltration by test tube.This organic solvent is volatile organic solvent, such as ethanol, methyl alcohol, acetone, ethylene dichloride or chloroform, adopts ethanol in the present embodiment.This carbon nano-tube film is after organic solvent infiltrates processing, under the capillary effect of volatile organic solvent, this carbon nano-tube film can be attached to supporting construction 116 surfaces securely, and the surface volume ratio reduces, viscosity reduces, and has good physical strength and toughness.
See also Fig. 7, when with a femto-second laser as described signal input apparatus 112, and from this femto-second laser, send the single-pulse laser of one 800 nano wave lengths, when exposing to described carbon nano-tube film, this carbon nano-tube film sends the sound pressure signal that a width is about 10 microseconds～20 microseconds, and this laser pulse width that I response of this carbon nano-tube film is described is 10 microseconds～20 microseconds.When the pulse laser (such as herein femtosecond laser) of a pulse width below 10 microseconds when exposing to this carbon nano-tube film, the deration of signal of the pressure response that it causes can only reach the micron number magnitude.
Fig. 8～Figure 11 is respectively the ultraviolet light that wavelength is 355nm, the visible light of 532nm, and the far red light of the infrared light of 1.06 μ m and 10.6 μ m exposes to the power of carbon nano-tube film-sound intensity response curve.Can find that the average power density of this laser is larger, the intensity of phonation of this carbon nano-tube film is stronger.
Adopt carbon nano-tube film as sounding component 114 in the embodiment of the invention sound-producing device and since carbon nano-tube to electromagnetic absorption near absolute black body, thereby make sounding component 114 have the absorption characteristic of homogeneous for the electromagnetic wave of various wavelength.In addition, carbon nano-tube film has less unit area thermal capacitance (the unit area thermal capacitance of this carbon nano-tube film is less than 2 * 10
-4Every square centimeter of Kelvin of joule, preferably, less than 1.7 * 10
-6J/cm
2Every square centimeter of Kelvin of K joule) and larger cooling surface area.Therefore, when the carbon nano-tube in the sounding component 114 was subject to such as electromagnetic irradiations such as laser, carbon nano-tube was stimulated because of absorbing light energy, and by the non-radiative all or part of heat that changes into of luminous energy that makes absorption.Because carbon nano-tube film has less unit area thermal capacitance, so the temperature of this carbon nano-tube film raises rapidly with the heat that produces, because this carbon nano-tube film has larger specific surface area, so behind the electromagnetic power generation heat of this carbon nano-tube film absorbing light energy or other form, can carry out heat interchange with ambient gas or liquid medium rapidly, thereby make ambient gas or liquid medium heating.If the electromagnetic wave of irradiation is through periodic intensity modulated, then in carbon nano-tube, produce periodic temperature variation, thereby make gas or liquid medium around it also produce periodic temperature variation, cause surrounding air or other media because the change of density and expand rapidly and shrink, thereby sound, i.e. conversion by " electromagnetic wave-Re-sound " realizes a thermic sounding.Further, in the present embodiment, described sounding component 114 comprises the carbon nano-tube film that is comprised of a large amount of end to end carbon nano-tube, frequency and the intensity of the electromagnetic wave signal 120 that therefore sends when electromagnetic wave signal input media 118 are suitable, and when sounding component 114 surrounding mediums were gas or liquid, the sound that sounding component 114 sends can directly be perceived by the human ear.When being appreciated that the increase frequency when electromagnetic wave signal 120, this sounding component 114 can send ultrasound wave.
See also Figure 12, second embodiment of the invention provides a kind of sound-producing device 20, and this sound-producing device 20 comprises a signal input apparatus 212, a sounding component 214, a supporting construction 216 and a modulating device 218.
This supporting construction 216 is a framed structure, rod shaped structure or irregularly shaped structure.These sounding component 214 parts contact with this supporting construction 216, and the unsettled setting of remainder is transmitted thereby make sound can see through this sounding component 214.This electromagnetic wave signal input media 212 and these sounding component 214 corresponding and interval settings.This modulating device 218 is arranged between this electromagnetic wave signal input media 212 and the sounding component 214.
The structure basic simlarity of the sound-producing device 10 among this sound-producing device 20 and the first embodiment, be with the difference of sound-producing device 10 among the first embodiment, this sound-producing device 20 further comprises holding together sound structure 222, and this holds together sound structure 222 and is disposed on described sounding component 214 away from a side of electromagnetic wave signal 220 inputs.This holds together settings of being separated by of sound structure 222 and this sounding component 214, thereby the sound wave that sounding component 214 is sent reflects by holding together sound structure 222, strengthens the sounding effect of this sound-producing device 20.According to the size of sounding component 214, this distance can be 100 microns～1 meter.Being appreciated that this holds together sound structure 222 can be for having the various structures on a larger surface, such as a planar structure or a curved-surface structure.In the present embodiment, this holds together sound structure 222 is a flat board.This holds together sound structure 222 can be by support and this sounding component 214 intervals.This material that holds together sound structure 222 is wooden, plastics, metal or glass etc.In addition, see also Figure 13, this holds together the integral body that sound structure 222 and this supporting construction also can be an integrated setting, such as a cavity with narrow openings 226, this sounding component 214 is tiled on this opening that holds together sound structure 222 226, has a helmholtz resonance chamber thereby make this hold together sound structure 222.This sounding component 214 is fixing by holding together sound structure 222, and the unsettled setting of part.
See also Figure 14 and Figure 15, third embodiment of the invention provides a kind of sound-producing device 30, and this sound-producing device 30 comprises a signal input apparatus 312, a sounding component 314 and a supporting construction 316.This supporting construction 316 is a framed structure, and this sounding component 314 supports by this framed structure, and the unsettled setting of part.
The sound-producing device 30 of the 3rd embodiment and the sound-producing device 10 of the first embodiment are basic identical, and its difference is that this electromagnetic wave signal input media 312 comprises a modulation circuit 330.This modulation circuit 330 is electrically connected with an electric signaling device 340, and controls the intensity of the electromagnetic wave signal that this electromagnetic wave signal input media 312 sends and/or the variation of frequency according to the audio electrical signal of this electric signaling device 340 inputs.
In the present embodiment, this signal input apparatus 312 can comprise one or more ordinary light sources 320.The overhanging portion of this sounding component 314 is over against this ordinary light source 320, and contacts with this ordinary light source 320 or the interval arranges.When 314 and 320 intervals arranged, the distance between this ordinary light source 320 and this sounding component 314 was not limit, but should guarantee that the luminous energy of sufficient intensity gets at the carbon nano tube structure surface that reaches as sounding component 314.Preferably, between this ordinary light source 320 and this sounding component 314 interval less than 1 centimetre.In the present embodiment, the interval is 5 millimeters between this ordinary light source 320 and this sounding component 314.This modulation circuit 330 is electrically connected with this ordinary light source 320.This modulation circuit 330 is used for receiving the audio electrical signal of inputting from an external electric signaling device 340, and controls luminous intensity or the frequency of this ordinary light source 320 according to the variation of this audio electrical signal frequency.Particularly, this modulation circuit 330 can be by realizing the control to these ordinary light source 320 luminous intensities according to the switch of this ordinary light source 320 of frequency control of this audio electrical signal.In the present embodiment, this ordinary light source 320 is a light emitting diode, and the rated voltage of this light emitting diode is 3.4 volts～3.6 volts, and rated current is 360 milliamperes, and rated power is 1.1 watts, and light efficiency is 65 lumens/watt, and working temperature is less than 65 degree.The quantity of this light emitting diode is not limit, and is 16 in the present embodiment.This electric signaling device 340 can be audio player, such as a MP3 player.Be appreciated that this signal input apparatus 312 also can comprise this electric signaling device 340.
This sound-producing device 30 is in when work, and the carbon nano tube structure in the described sounding component 314 absorbs the light that above-mentioned ordinary light source 320 sends, and is heat energy with transform light energy, adds hot-air by above-mentioned thermic principle of sound and sends sound wave.The thickness that is appreciated that this sounding component 314 is larger, and the ability of absorbing light energy is better, and the intensity of sound of sending is larger, therefore should guaranteeing to have under the prerequisite of enough little unit area thermal capacitance, improve the thickness of this sounding component 314 as far as possible.
In the embodiment of the invention, the frequency range of described sounding component sounding is 1 hertz to 100,000 hertz.When the carbon nanotube layer in the sounding component was the single-layer carbon nano-tube film, intensity of phonation just can reach 70 dB sound pressure levels (dBSPL).When the number of plies of carbon nano-tube film in this carbon nanotube layer increased, the intensity of phonation of this sounding component can further strengthen.In addition, carbon nanotube layer in the embodiment of the invention has preferably toughness and physical strength, utilize described carbon nanotube layer can make easily the sound-producing device of various shape and size, this sound-producing device can be conveniently used in the various musical instrumentses, in the electronic applications such as sound equipment, mobile phone, MP3, MP4, TV, computing machine and other sound-producing device.This sounding component can fit in a matrix, such as a display, mobile phone, computer, TV, sound equipment, door, window, screen, furniture or the vehicles.In addition, this carbon nano-tube film has preferably transparency, can be used for preparing transparent sounding component and a sound-producing device.Because this sounding component need not magnet and vibrating diaphragm, therefore have comparatively simple structure, and unlikely other electronic installation is produced disturbed.
Transfer voice has a lot of restrictive conditions, such as needs gas or liquid as medium, and with the variation decling phase of distance when strong.Because electromagnetic wave, especially laser, in a vacuum long-distance communications, such as the propagation in cosmic space, the propagation of long distance, and quite little in the transmission course loss, so this sound-producing device can be used for the distant signal transmission field, for example light intensity and the frequency of laser are modulated, by the required voice signal of Laser shock loading, transfer to carbon nanotube layer and sound, thereby realize voice signal by electromagnetic form long-distance transmissions.Further, because above-mentioned sounding component gets final product sounding by electromagnetic wave irradiation, therefore, when this electromagnetic wave was infrared ray, visible light, ultraviolet ray, microwave, X ray and gamma-rays, this sounding component can be in the extreme environment work without electricity.
The sound-producing device that the embodiment of the invention provides has the following advantages:
One because the sounding component in the described sound-producing device only is comprised of carbon nano-tube film, need not other labyrinths such as magnet, so the structure of this sound-producing device is comparatively simple, is conducive to reduce the cost of this sound-producing device.Its two because the described sounding component that is comprised of carbon nano-tube film can be by inputting an electromagnetic wave signal sounding, therefore, this sounding component can be worked without under the electrical environment one.Its three, this sound-producing device utilizes input signal to cause this carbon nano-tube film temperature variation, thereby its ambient gas or liquid medium are expanded rapidly and shrinks, and then sends sound wave, so the sound-producing device that this carbon nano-tube film forms can be worked under the condition without magnetic.They are four years old, because this carbon nano-tube film has less thermal capacitance and large specific surface area, so this carbon nano-tube film has the characteristics rapid, that thermo-lag is little, rate of heat exchange is fast that heat up, so the sound-producing device that this carbon nano-tube film forms can send the very interior sound (1Hz-100kHz) of broad spectrum, and has preferably sounding effect.They are five years old, because carbon nano-tube joins end to end by Van der Waals force, so the carbon nano-tube film that is comprised of carbon nano-tube has preferably physical strength and toughness, and end to end carbon nano-tube has preferably heat conductivility along orientation, can give full play to the characteristic of carbon nano-tube, thereby make sounding component have preferably sounding effect.Its six because carbon nano-tube has great specific surface area, under the effect of Van der Waals force, carbon nano-tube film itself has good adhesion, so carbon nano-tube film can directly attach to the supporting construction surface easily.Its seven because described carbon nano-tube film is for directly to pull acquisition from carbon nano pipe array, its width and length are not all limit, so can easily prepare the larger area sounding component.Its eight, when this sounding component Thickness Ratio hour, for example less than 10 microns, this sounding component has higher transparency, at this moment, this sounding component can be set directly at the display surface of various display device, mobile phone display screen or the upper surface of oil painting, thereby reach joint space-efficient purpose.Its nine, described sound-producing device can further comprise supporting construction and hold together the sound structure, this supporting construction can improve the intensity of phonation of sound-producing device, this holds together the sound wave that the sound structure can the reflection sounding element be sent, and strengthens the sounding effect of described sound-producing device.
In addition, those skilled in the art also can do other variations in spirit of the present invention, and certainly, the variation that these are done according to spirit of the present invention all should be included within the present invention's scope required for protection.
Claims (24)
1. sound-producing device, it comprises:
One electromagnetic wave signal input media; And
One sounding component;
It is characterized in that, this sounding component comprises at least one carbon nano-tube film, this carbon nano-tube film comprises a plurality of carbon nano-tube that are arranged of preferred orient, this carbon nano-tube film contacts with surrounding medium, this electromagnetic wave signal input media transmits electromagnetic wave signal to this carbon nano-tube film, make this carbon nano-tube film by absorbing this electromagnetic wave signal heating, send sound wave thereby heat this surrounding medium.
2. sound-producing device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described carbon nano-tube film changes electromagnetic wave signal into heat, changes the carbon nano-tube film ambient density by heating and sends sound wave.
3. sound-producing device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the thickness of described carbon nano-tube film is 0.5 nanometer～100 micron, and the thickness of described sounding component is 0.5 nanometer～1 millimeter.
4. sound-producing device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described carbon nano-tube film is self supporting structure.
5. sound-producing device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described carbon nano-tube film comprises a plurality of by the end to end carbon nano-tube of Van der Waals force.
6. sound-producing device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, carbon nano-tube substantially is parallel to each other and is parallel to the carbon nano-tube film surface in the described carbon nano-tube film.
7. sound-producing device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described sounding component comprises at least carbon nano-tube film of two-layer laminate setting, and combines closely by Van der Waals force between the adjacent two layers carbon nano-tube film.
8. sound-producing device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, this sound-producing device further comprises a supporting construction, and described sounding component is fixedly installed by this supporting construction.
9. sound-producing device as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that, described supporting construction is a plane or curved-surface structure, and has a surface, and described sounding component directly arranges and fit in the surface of this supporting construction.
10. sound-producing device as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that, described supporting construction is a framed structure, rod shaped structure or irregularly shaped structure, and described sounding component is by the unsettled setting of this supporting construction part.
11. sound-producing device as claimed in claim 10 is characterized in that, described sound-producing device further comprises holding together the sound structure, describedly holds together the sound structure and is arranged at sounding component away from a side of electromagnetic wave signal input media, and interval relative with described sounding component arranges.
12. sound-producing device as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that, the material of described supporting construction is adamas, glass, quartz, plastics, resin, wood materials or paper material.
13. sound-producing device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, this sound-producing device further comprises holding together the sound structure, describedly holds together the sound structure and comprises a helmholtz resonance chamber, and described sounding component holds together the fixing and unsettled setting of part of sound structure by this.
14. sound-producing device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described electromagnetic wave signal is one or more in radiowave, infrared ray, visible light, ultraviolet ray, microwave, X ray and the gamma-rays.
15. sound-producing device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described electromagnetic wave signal input media comprises an optical signal source, and described electromagnetic wave signal input media sends light signal by this optical signal source, and the wavelength coverage of this light signal is between ultraviolet region to the far infrared region.
16. sound-producing device as claimed in claim 15 is characterized in that, described optical signal source is a pulse laser generator.
17. sound-producing device as claimed in claim 15, it is characterized in that described electromagnetic wave signal input media comprises an optical fiber, this optical fiber one end is connected with described optical signal source, the other end extends near the described carbon nano-tube film, and described light signal is handed to described carbon nano-tube film by optical fiber transmission.
18. sound-producing device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, this sound-producing device further comprises a modulating device, this modulating device is arranged between described electromagnetic wave signal input media and the sounding component, and be positioned on the transmission path of described electromagnetic wave signal, this modulating device comprises intensity modulated device, frequency modulating device or both combinations.
19. sound-producing device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, this electromagnetic wave signal input media comprises a modulation circuit, and this modulation circuit is controlled the intensity of the electromagnetic wave signal that this electromagnetic wave signal input media sends and/or the variation of frequency by the audio electrical signal of input.
20. sound-producing device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the average power density of described electromagnetic wave signal is 1 μ W/mm
2～20W/mm
2
21. sound-producing device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described surrounding medium is gas or liquid.
22. a sounding component, it comprises at least one carbon nano-tube film, and this carbon nano-tube film comprises a plurality of carbon nano-tube that are arranged of preferred orient, and this carbon nano-tube film also generates heat by absorbing an electromagnetic wave signal, thereby the circumference medium sends sound wave.
23. a sound-producing device, it comprises:
At least one carbon nano-tube film, this carbon nano-tube film comprise a plurality of carbon nano-tube that are arranged of preferred orient, and this carbon nano-tube film contacts with surrounding medium, by absorbing electromagnetic wave signal heating, send sound wave thereby heat this surrounding medium; And
One matrix, this carbon nano-tube film is arranged at this matrix surface,
Wherein, this matrix is display, mobile phone, computer, TV, sound equipment, door, window, screen, furniture or the vehicles.
24. a sound-producing device, it comprises:
One or more ordinary light sources;
At least one carbon nano-tube film, this carbon nano-tube film comprise a plurality of carbon nano-tube that are arranged of preferred orient, and this carbon nano-tube film contacts with surrounding medium, generate heat by absorbing the light that this ordinary light source sends, and send sound wave thereby heat this surrounding medium;
And
One modulation circuit is electrically connected with this ordinary light source, controls the variation of intensity or the frequency of this ordinary light source by the audio electrical signal of input.
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| CN 200910149175 CN101605292B (en) | 2008-06-13 | 2009-06-09 | Sounding device and sounding component |
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| CN200810067730 | 2008-06-13 | ||
| CN200810067730.8 | 2008-06-13 | ||
| CN 200910149175 CN101605292B (en) | 2008-06-13 | 2009-06-09 | Sounding device and sounding component |
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| CN101605292B true CN101605292B (en) | 2013-04-24 |
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| CN102223589A (en) * | 2010-04-14 | 2011-10-19 | 北京富纳特创新科技有限公司 | Sound projector |
| CN102223588A (en) | 2010-04-14 | 2011-10-19 | 北京富纳特创新科技有限公司 | Sound projector |
| KR102109708B1 (en) * | 2012-10-26 | 2020-05-29 | 코닝 인코포레이티드 | Structure with integrated acoustics function |
| CN103024638B (en) * | 2012-11-25 | 2015-09-30 | 歌尔声学股份有限公司 | Electroacoustic transducer |
| CN104393938B (en) * | 2014-11-05 | 2017-05-03 | 南京大学科技园发展有限公司 | Method and device for sensing sound signal by using microwaves |
| CN109511068A (en) * | 2018-12-07 | 2019-03-22 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of carbon nanotube loudspeaker based on optoacoustic effect |
| EP3899557A4 (en) * | 2018-12-17 | 2022-10-26 | G & W Electric Company | Electrical sensor assembly |
| CN111451118B (en) * | 2020-05-14 | 2021-05-11 | 郑州科技学院 | Device for realizing music interaction between music rooms |
| CN111855432B (en) * | 2020-07-20 | 2021-03-30 | 华中科技大学 | Device and method for testing stress-strain curve of titanium alloy material under high-temperature high-strain rate |
| CN117202058B (en) * | 2023-11-03 | 2024-03-26 | 地球山(苏州)微电子科技有限公司 | Pixel sounding unit, sounding method and digital loudspeaker |
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| JP2009303217A (en) | 2009-12-24 |
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