CN101601965B - Scr法烟气脱硝的喷氨格栅装置，及scr法烟气脱硝工艺 - Google Patents
Scr法烟气脱硝的喷氨格栅装置，及scr法烟气脱硝工艺 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101601965B CN101601965B CN200910089817XA CN200910089817A CN101601965B CN 101601965 B CN101601965 B CN 101601965B CN 200910089817X A CN200910089817X A CN 200910089817XA CN 200910089817 A CN200910089817 A CN 200910089817A CN 101601965 B CN101601965 B CN 101601965B
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- Prior art keywords
- ammonia
- flue gas
- spraying grid
- nozzle
- denitrification
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- 239000003546 flue gases Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon monoxide Chemical compound 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[O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000000034 methods Methods 0.000 title abstract description 12
- 239000002184 metals Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia Chemical compound data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 30
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- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound 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- 230000000875 corresponding Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006477 desulfuration reactions Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
- Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
- Y02C20/10—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of nitrous oxide (N2O)
Abstract
本发明公开一种SCR法烟气脱硝的喷氨格栅装置，包括有由金属管束组成的喷氨格栅，所述每一金属管的径向上设有喷嘴，所述喷嘴与金属管连通；所述喷嘴的开口方向与烟气流动方向之间的夹角为0°～90°。采用上述喷氨格栅装置的SCR法烟气脱硝工艺。本发明采用喷氨格栅对喷入到脱硝反应器入口烟道中的氨气/空气混合气体进行分布，并根据反应器入口烟道中的NOx浓度的高低进行氨喷入分布的调整，使得烟气中的NOx与喷入的NH3充分混合，可有效提高NH3与烟气的混合效果和脱硝反应效率。本发明的格栅型氨喷入分布混合装置结构简单、混合阻力低、分布效果好、不易积灰、可有效保护喷氨格栅喷嘴的磨损，减少脱硝反应器入口氨与烟气的混合距离，提高了脱硝催化剂的利用率，降低脱硝反应器的高度，降低了烟气脱硝系统阻力，由此较大的降低了烟气脱硝的单位成本。
Description
SCR法烟气脱硝的喷氨格栅装置，及SCR法烟气脱硝工艺
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及一种SCR法烟气脱硝工艺及设备，特别是涉及一种SCR法烟气脱硝的喷氨格栅装置，同样适用于各种燃烧设备排放烟气中的喷氨格栅装置。
背景技术
[0002] NOx的治理一直是世界大多数国家环境保护的重点，其所产生污染物更是造成我国生态环境破坏的最大污染源之一，目前已经成为了我国空气污染治理的当务之急。
[0003] 对于NOx的治理，国内外主要采用选择性催化还原（SCR)法烟气脱硝工艺，该工艺脱硝效率高、无二次污染，广泛应用于各种燃烧设备中，其脱硝原理为采用NH3(液氨、氨水或尿素分解的氨）作为还原剂，稀释后喷入到脱硝反应器入口烟道中，在通过催化剂层时与烟气中的NOx发生反应生成无二次污染的N2和H2O随烟气排放。对于SCR法烟气脱硝工艺，氨的喷入和混合是该脱硝工艺的核心技术之一，目前主要用于氨喷入和混合的方法主要有喷氨格栅、静态混合器和涡流混合器，其中喷氨格栅由于易于调节和混合效果好，较多的用于SCR法脱硝工艺。目前普遍采用的喷氨格栅是将烟道截面分成20〜40个等面积的控制区域，每个区域有若干个喷射孔，每个分区的流量可根据烟气中NOx浓度分布单独调节。喷氨格栅通常由金属管束组成，在金属管束上开有一定数量的小孔，金属管束与烟气的流动方向垂直，小孔的方向顺着烟气的流动方向或与烟气流动方向成一定的角度，该角度通常控制在90°以内。为了防止烟尘对金属束的磨损，也有金属管束前增加防护板。这样对NH3与烟气的混合有一定的促进作用，但是由于此处的烟气速度较高，也较大的增加了烟气阻力。另外采用金属管束上开孔的喷氨格栅，由于小孔的喷射刚度较差，喷入的氨与烟气的混合效果较差，从而影响喷氨格栅的混合距离和脱硝效率。
发明内容
[0004] 针对于此，本发明的目的在于，提供一种SCR法烟气脱硝的喷氨格栅装置，使喷入的氨与烟气的混合效果较好，提高了脱硝效率。
[0005] 为达到上述目的，本发明所提供的技术方案为：一种SCR法烟气脱硝的喷氨格栅装置，包括有由金属管束组成的喷氨格栅，所述每一金属管的径向上设有喷嘴，所述喷嘴与金属管连通；所述喷嘴的开口方向与烟气流动方向之间的夹角为0°〜90°。
[0006] 所述喷嘴的开口方向与烟气流动方向之间的夹角为30°〜60°。
[0007] 所述喷嘴的高度为60mm〜300mm。
[0008] 所述相邻金属管的间距为300mm〜800mm。
[0009] 所述每根金属管上设有若干个喷嘴，所述若干个喷嘴沿金属管的轴向上等间距地布置在金属管上。
[0010] 所述相邻喷嘴的沿金属管轴向上的间距为120mm〜600mm。
[0011] 所述相邻喷嘴在金属管轴向上的投影是错开的。
[0012] 所述喷氨格栅上设有若干个与金属管平行设置的防磨板，所述每一防磨板与一金属管固定连接。
[0013] 所述防磨板的两侧设为矩形齿状或梯形齿状。
[0014] 所述防磨板在烟气流动方向上投影的高度大于喷嘴在烟气流动方向上投影的高度。
[0015] 所述防磨板两侧的齿宽为60mm〜180mm。
[0016] 所述防磨板设为角形板，所述角形板的夹角为90°〜180°。
[0017] 所述相邻喷嘴在金属管轴向上的投影的夹角小于或等于角形板的夹角。
[0018] 在上述喷氨格栅装置的基础上，还提供一种使用该装置的SCR法烟气脱硝工艺， 对通过喷氨格栅的烟气速度限定为15m/s〜25m/s。
[0019] 相应的，所述喷氨格栅喷嘴喷出气体的流速为25m/s〜60m/s。
[0020] 本发明喷氨格栅能有效地解决小孔喷氨刚度不够，氨与烟气混合效果差，以及增加格栅防护板引起烟气阻力大的问题，有效降低烟气阻力和混合距离，提高混合效果和脱硝效率。
[0021] SCR法烟气脱硝的喷氨格栅通常由一排或两排管束组成，管束与烟气流动方向垂直，并按等间距布置，在管束的每根管子上等间距的布置有若干喷嘴，喷嘴的开口方向与烟气流动方向一致，也可与烟气流动方向成一定的夹角，夹角在0〜90°之间取值，如果喷嘴按夹角布置，则相邻的两个喷嘴以烟气流动方向对称布置，喷嘴高度通常在60〜300mm之间。在喷氨管束迎烟气侧布置有防磨板，防磨板设计为矩齿形或梯齿形，齿形突出部分与管束上的喷嘴对应，齿高通常高出喷嘴的在格栅截面的投影高度5〜10mm，齿宽通常在60〜 180mm之间。
[0022] 与现有技术相比，本发明由于采用了新型格栅型氨喷入分布混合方式，有效解决小孔喷氨刚度不够，氨与烟气混合效果差，以及常规的格栅防护板引起烟气阻力大的问题， 有效降低烟气阻力，减小混合距离，提高混合效果，提高脱硝效率。
附图说明
[0023] 图1为采用格栅型氨喷入分布混合装置的SCR法烟气脱硝工艺示意图；
[0024] 图2为图1中A向格栅型氨喷入分布混合装置示意图；
[0025] 图3为图2中局部放大的锯齿形防磨板示意图；
[0026] 图4为梯齿形防磨板示意图；
[0027] 图5为图3的俯视图；
[0028] 图6为角形防磨板示意图。
[0029] 图中：1省煤器；2省煤器灰斗；3膨胀节；4调节阀；5喷氨格栅；6反应器入口烟道灰斗；7反应器入口烟道；8导流板；9反应器；10碎灰装置；11整流层；12催化剂层；13催化剂层；14预留催化剂层；15反应器出口烟道；16空预器；17集箱；18格栅管束；19防磨板；20喷嘴。
具体实施方式
[0030] 下面结合附图对本发明进行详细描述，本部分的描述仅是示范性和解释性，不应对本发明的保护范围有任何的限制作用。[0031] 需要说明的是：本实施例以电站燃煤锅炉为例进行说明，但不限于应用于其他燃烧设备中。
[0032] 如图1所示的SCR法烟气脱硝工艺流程示意图，锅炉燃烧后的烟气从省煤器1排出后进入脱硝反应器入口烟道7，在省煤器出口布置有省煤器灰斗2和在反应器入口烟道拐弯处布置有反应器入口烟道灰斗6，其目的是收集烟尘并排出烟气系统防止烟尘对催化剂以及脱硝装置下游设备的磨蚀和堵塞。另外，为了吸收脱硝反应器入口烟道和锅炉的膨胀，在脱硝反应器入口烟道7上布置膨胀节3。氨气/空气的混合气体（体积比在5%以内）从脱硝反应器入口的水平烟道上（如果水平段没有空间也可布置在竖直烟道上）通过喷氨格栅5喷入与烟气混合，调节阀4可以根据烟气分布的不均勻性分区调节喷入氨的量， 以使得喷入的氨量与烟气中的NOx分布相匹配。氨气与烟气混合后的混合烟气通过布置在脱硝反应器入口烟道7出口处和反应器9入口处的导流板8进行分布，使得混合烟气通过布置在反应器9上部的碎灰装置10和整流层11后能在首层催化剂层13入口达到均勻的分布，提高催化剂的利用率和脱硝效率，降低氨逃逸。在混合烟气依次通过催化剂层12、催化剂层13和预留催化剂层14 (对于新建机组通常预留）时，混合烟气中的NOx与NH3反应生成N2和H20(气态)随烟气经过反应器出口烟道15进入空预器16，最终依次经过除尘、 脱硫后排放。
[0033] 为了使喷入到反应器入口烟道内的氨/空气的混合气体能与烟气中的NOx分布匹配，如图2所示，通常将喷氨格栅进行分区布置，每三根或两根喷氨管束用集箱17连接并用调节阀4对其流量进行调节，格栅管束的间距在300〜800mm之间。
[0034] 为了降低喷氨格栅在烟道内的阻力和提高喷氨混合效果，喷氨格栅也可按两层布置。为了防止喷氨格栅管束上喷嘴20的磨损和加强喷氨和烟气的混合，并尽可能的降低喷氨格栅在烟道内的阻力，本发明提出了在喷氨管束上增加如图3矩齿形或图4梯齿形防磨板19。图3所示的防磨板的宽度a要大于喷嘴20在防磨板面上的投影高度的20〜50mm， 齿形或梯形的宽度c要大于喷嘴的直径在60〜180mm之间。喷嘴20的高度f通常在60〜 300mm之间，间距e通常在120〜600mm之间。防磨板可以采用如图5的平板式和图6的角型板式，角形板式的夹角β通常在90〜180°之间，格栅管束上的喷嘴的夹角α通常在 0〜180°之间，并同时要求β彡α。
[0035] 以上仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (11)
1. 一种SCR法烟气脱硝的喷氨格栅装置，包括有由金属管束组成的喷氨格栅，其特征在于：所述每一金属管的径向上设有喷嘴，所述喷嘴与金属管连通；所述喷嘴的开口方向与烟气流动方向之间的夹角为0°〜90° ；所述每根金属管上设有若干个喷嘴，所述若干个喷嘴沿金属管的轴向上等间距地布置在金属管上；所述喷氨格栅上设有若干个与金属管平行设置的防磨板，所述每一防磨板与一金属管固定连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的喷氨格栅装置，其特征在于：所述喷嘴的开口方向与烟气流动方向之间的夹角为30°〜60°。
3.根据权利要求1所述的喷氨格栅装置，其特征在于：所述喷嘴的高度为60mm〜 300mmo
4.根据权利要求1所述的喷氨格栅装置，其特征在于：所述相邻金属管的间距为 300mm 〜800mm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的喷氨格栅装置，其特征在于：所述相邻喷嘴的沿金属管轴向上的间距为120讓〜600mm。
6.根据权利要求1或5所述的喷氨格栅装置，其特征在于：所述相邻喷嘴在金属管轴向上的投影是错开的。
7.根据权利要求1所述的喷氨格栅装置，其特征在于：所述防磨板的两侧设为矩形齿状或梯形齿状。
8.根据权利要求1所述的喷氨格栅装置，其特征在于：所述防磨板在烟气流动方向上投影的高度大于喷嘴在烟气流动方向上投影的高度。
9.根据权利要求7所述的喷氨格栅装置，其特征在于：所述防磨板两侧的齿宽为 60mm 〜180mmo
10.根据权利要求1所述的喷氨格栅装置，其特征在于：所述防磨板设为角形板，所述角形板的夹角为90°〜180°。
11.根据权利要求10所述的喷氨格栅装置，其特征在于：所述相邻喷嘴在金属管轴向上的投影的夹角小于或等于角形板的夹角。
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| CN101992157B (zh) * | 2010-11-29 | 2013-06-26 | 中国石油大学(北京) | 一种浮子式喷嘴 |
| DE102011000734A1 (de) | 2011-02-15 | 2012-08-16 | Alstom Technology Ltd. | Düsenbodenanordnung für einen Trockner und Verfahren zu dessen Betrieb |
| CN102179157B (zh) * | 2011-05-06 | 2012-12-26 | 东南大学 | 喷氨格栅及其调节方法 |
| CN102228794B (zh) * | 2011-05-25 | 2012-10-17 | 上海龙净环保科技工程有限公司 | 双级回旋式scr脱硝系统氨气烟气混合装置 |
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| CN103480254B (zh) * | 2013-08-12 | 2015-07-15 | 北京博智伟德环保科技有限公司 | 一种用于scr脱硝系统的防堵型喷氨格栅 |
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| CN104741001A (zh) * | 2015-04-10 | 2015-07-01 | 中国华电工程(集团)有限公司 | Scr法烟气脱硝装置及烟气脱硝方法 |
| CN105311959A (zh) * | 2015-12-09 | 2016-02-10 | 光大环保（中国）有限公司 | 一种用于低温scr脱硝系统的喷氨格栅 |
| CN105771642A (zh) * | 2016-04-29 | 2016-07-20 | 大唐环境产业集团股份有限公司 | 一种卧式scr脱硝反应器 |
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