CN101597562A - Secondary anaerobic fermentation and power generation system for large and medium-sized biogas projects - Google Patents

Secondary anaerobic fermentation and power generation system for large and medium-sized biogas projects Download PDF

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CN101597562A
CN101597562A CNA2009101026563A CN200910102656A CN101597562A CN 101597562 A CN101597562 A CN 101597562A CN A2009101026563 A CNA2009101026563 A CN A2009101026563A CN 200910102656 A CN200910102656 A CN 200910102656A CN 101597562 A CN101597562 A CN 101597562A
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CN101597562B (en
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李�灿
林光进
万里平
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Guiyang University
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GUIZHOU QIAN LIN ZHOU ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ENERGY TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种大中型沼气工程二级厌氧发酵与发电系统,属于沼气生产装置;旨在提供一种可用于集中发电的沼气生产系统。它包括预处理池、一级发酵池、二级发酵池和沼渣池;预处理池(16)由进料管(15)与USR反应器(14)连通,该USR反器由溢流管(21)和导气管(2)与二级发酵池(10)连通,USR反应器(14)和二级发酵池(10)各由排渣管(12)与沼渣池(11)连通;该二级发酵池通过沼气净化装置(3)向发电机供气。本发明实现了沼气发酵由小型生产模式向集中高效的大型模式转化,具有成本低,废水处理效率高,产气率高等优点;它可与大型畜禽场配套建设,从而达到节能减排、保护农业生态平衡的目的。

Figure 200910102656

The invention discloses a secondary anaerobic fermentation and power generation system for a large and medium-sized biogas project, which belongs to a biogas production device and aims to provide a biogas production system that can be used for centralized power generation. It includes a pretreatment tank, a primary fermentation tank, a secondary fermentation tank and a digester; the pretreatment tank (16) is communicated with the USR reactor (14) by a feed pipe (15), and the USR reactor is connected by an overflow pipe (21) and air duct (2) are communicated with the secondary fermentation tank (10), and the USR reactor (14) and the secondary fermentation tank (10) are respectively communicated with the digester (11) by the slag discharge pipe (12); The secondary fermentation tank supplies gas to the generator through the methane purification device (3). The invention realizes the conversion of biogas fermentation from a small-scale production mode to a centralized and efficient large-scale mode, and has the advantages of low cost, high wastewater treatment efficiency, and high gas production rate; The purpose of agricultural ecological balance.

Figure 200910102656

Description

大中型沼气工程二级厌氧发酵与发电系统 Secondary anaerobic fermentation and power generation system for large and medium-sized biogas projects

技术领域: Technical field:

本发明涉及一种沼气生产系统,尤其涉及一种为沼气发电机提供气源的二级厌氧发酵系统。The invention relates to a biogas production system, in particular to a secondary anaerobic fermentation system providing gas source for a biogas generator.

背景技术: Background technique:

随着畜牧业的迅速发展,畜禽饲养规模不断扩大,畜禽场每天排放的粪便等废弃物日益增多,不仅造成严重的环境污染,而且容易引起畜禽致病,制约了畜禽场自身的发展;若能在养殖场附近建设沼气工程,既可有效地解决燃料、肥料等问题,又能为畜禽场科学处理粪便提供有效的途径。目前,应用比较广泛的沼气生产设备多为户用沼气池,其缺点是分布广、规模小、产气率低,不能满足集约化大规模生产的要求。With the rapid development of animal husbandry, the scale of livestock and poultry breeding continues to expand, and the excrement and other wastes discharged by livestock and poultry farms are increasing day by day, which not only causes serious environmental pollution, but also easily causes livestock and poultry diseases, which restricts the development of livestock and poultry farms. development; if a biogas project can be built near the farm, it can not only effectively solve the problems of fuel and fertilizer, but also provide an effective way for livestock and poultry farms to scientifically treat manure. At present, most of the widely used biogas production equipment are household biogas digesters, which have the disadvantages of wide distribution, small scale, and low gas production rate, which cannot meet the requirements of intensive large-scale production.

发明内容: Invention content:

针对现有技术中存在的上述缺陷,本发明旨在提供一种能够适应集约化大规模生产要求的大中型沼气工程二级厌氧发酵与发电系统。In view of the above-mentioned defects in the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a secondary anaerobic fermentation and power generation system for large and medium-sized biogas projects that can meet the requirements of intensive large-scale production.

为了实现上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:它包括依次连通的预处理池、一级发酵池、二级发酵池和沼渣池;所述一级发酵池为USR反应器,预处理池通过进料管与USR反应器连通,该USR反器通过溢流管和导气管与二级发酵池连通,USR反应器和二级发酵池分别通过排渣管与沼渣池连通;二级发酵池通过沼气净化装置向发电机供气。In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: it includes a pretreatment tank, a primary fermentation tank, a secondary fermentation tank and a digester that are connected in sequence; the primary fermentation tank is a USR reactor, and the pretreatment tank is passed through The feed pipe is connected with the USR reactor, and the USR reactor is connected with the secondary fermentation tank through the overflow pipe and the air guide pipe, and the USR reactor and the secondary fermentation tank are respectively connected with the digester through the slag discharge pipe; the secondary fermentation tank The gas is supplied to the generator through the biogas purification device.

沼气净化装置由依次连通的贮气柜、水封器、脱硫器、脱水器、气体压缩机以及高压贮气柜组成;USR反应器上设有加热装置;所述加热装置为设在USR反应器夹层壁中的热水管;USR反应器上设有循环管,该循环管上设有泵;在二级发酵池和预处理池上设有搅拌机;在预处理池入口处设有隔栅,在该预处理池的底部设有排泥口。The biogas purification device is composed of a gas storage tank, a water sealer, a desulfurizer, a dehydrator, a gas compressor and a high-pressure gas storage tank connected in sequence; a heating device is installed on the USR reactor; the heating device is located in the USR reactor The hot water pipe in the interlayer wall; the USR reactor is provided with a circulation pipe, and a pump is provided on the circulation pipe; a mixer is provided on the secondary fermentation tank and the pretreatment tank; a grille is provided at the entrance of the pretreatment tank, and The bottom of the pretreatment tank is provided with a sludge outlet.

与现有技术比较,本发明由于采用了上述技术方案,因此不仅降低了生产和管理成本,提高了废水的处理效率和沼气的产气效率,而且还实现了人畜粪便污水集中处理和沼气集中发电,实现了沼气发酵由小型生产模式向生产集中高效的大型模式转化。Compared with the prior art, the present invention not only reduces production and management costs, improves waste water treatment efficiency and biogas gas production efficiency, but also realizes centralized treatment of human and livestock feces and sewage and centralized biogas power generation due to the adoption of the above-mentioned technical solutions , realizing the transformation of biogas fermentation from a small-scale production model to a large-scale model with concentrated and efficient production.

附图说明: Description of drawings:

图1是本发明的结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

图中:锅炉1  导气管2  沼气净化装置3  水封器4  脱硫器5脱水器6  气体压缩机7  高压贮气柜8  贮气膜9  二级发酵池10沼渣池11  排渣管12  搅拌机13  USR反应器14  进料管15  预处理池16  排泥口17  隔栅18  循环管19  热水管20  溢流管21贮气柜22In the figure: Boiler 1 Air guide pipe 2 Biogas purification device 3 Water sealer 4 Desulfurizer 5 Dehydrator 6 Gas compressor 7 High-pressure gas storage cabinet 8 Gas storage membrane 9 Secondary fermentation tank 10 Digest pool 11 Slag discharge pipe 12 Mixer 13 USR reactor 14 feed pipe 15 pretreatment tank 16 mud outlet 17 grille 18 circulation pipe 19 hot water pipe 20 overflow pipe 21 gas storage tank 22

具体实施方式: Detailed ways:

下面结合附图和具体的实施例对本发明作进一步说明:The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific embodiment:

如图1所示:预处理池16通过进料管15与USR反应器14的底部连通,在该USR反应器的上半部分设有与二级发酵池10连通的溢流管21,在USR反应器14和二级发酵池10的底部分别设有与沼渣池11连通的排渣管12,在USR反应器14的顶部设有与二级发酵池10连通的导气管2,二级发酵池10顶部的贮气膜9通过沼气净化装置3向发电机提供沼气;该沼气净化装置由依次连通的贮气柜22、水封器4、脱硫器5、脱水器6、气体压缩机7以及高压贮气柜8组成。As shown in Figure 1: the pretreatment tank 16 communicates with the bottom of the USR reactor 14 through the feed pipe 15, and the upper half of this USR reactor is provided with the overflow pipe 21 that communicates with the secondary fermentation tank 10, in the USR The bottoms of the reactor 14 and the secondary fermentation tank 10 are respectively provided with a slagging pipe 12 communicating with the digester 11, and the top of the USR reactor 14 is provided with an air duct 2 communicating with the secondary fermentation tank 10. The secondary fermentation The gas storage membrane 9 at the top of the pond 10 provides biogas to the generator through the biogas purification device 3; The high-pressure gas storage tank is composed of 8.

在上述技术方案中,USR反应器14为升流式厌氧固体反应器,它是一种新型的专用于处理固体物含量较大的反应器,其构造特点是反应器内不设三相分离器和其它构件。工作时,含有有机物固体的废液从反应器的底部进入并逐渐浸漫过含有高浓度厌氧微生物的固体床,废液中的有机固体与厌氧微生物充分接触反应,有机固体被液化发酵和厌氧分解,约有50%的有机物被转化为沼气;沼气随水流上升具有搅拌混合作用,它促进了固体与微生物的接触。由于重力作用,固体床区有自然沉淀作用,比重较大的固体物(包括微生物、未降解的固体和无机固体等)被沉积在固体床下部,反应器内保持较高的固体量和生物量,从而使得反应器中的微生物和固体有较长的滞留时间。当液面超过固体床一定高度时,便可从池顶的溢出口通过溢流管溢出至二级发酵池中。在溢出口前设有可减少池内SS流失的挡渣板,它会在反应器液面形成一层浮渣层;在长期稳定运行过程中,浮渣层达到一定厚度后趋于动态平衡。另外,不断有固体被沼气携带到浮渣层,同时也有经脱气的固体返回到固体床区;由于沼气要透过浮渣层进入到反应器顶部的集气室,会对浮渣层产生一定的“破碎”作用,因此浮渣层不会引起堵塞。集气室中的沼气经导气管引出池外进入沼气贮柜。In the above technical scheme, the USR reactor 14 is an upflow anaerobic solid reactor, which is a new type of reactor dedicated to the treatment of relatively large solid content, and its structural feature is that there is no three-phase separation in the reactor devices and other components. When working, the waste liquid containing organic solids enters from the bottom of the reactor and gradually soaks through the solid bed containing high-concentration anaerobic microorganisms. The organic solids in the waste liquid fully contact and react with anaerobic microorganisms, and the organic solids are liquefied and fermented. Anaerobic decomposition, about 50% of the organic matter is converted into biogas; the biogas rises with the water flow and has a stirring and mixing effect, which promotes the contact between solids and microorganisms. Due to the action of gravity, there is natural precipitation in the solid bed area, and solids with large specific gravity (including microorganisms, undegraded solids and inorganic solids, etc.) are deposited in the lower part of the solid bed, and the reactor maintains a high amount of solids and biomass. , so that microorganisms and solids in the reactor have a longer residence time. When the liquid level exceeds a certain height of the solid bed, it can overflow into the secondary fermentation tank from the overflow port on the top of the tank through the overflow pipe. In front of the overflow outlet, there is a slag blocking plate that can reduce the loss of SS in the tank, which will form a layer of scum layer on the liquid surface of the reactor; in the process of long-term stable operation, the scum layer tends to dynamic equilibrium after reaching a certain thickness. In addition, solids are continuously carried by the biogas to the scum layer, and at the same time, degassed solids are returned to the solid bed area; since the biogas enters the gas collection chamber at the top of the reactor through the scum layer, it will generate Some "crushing" action so the scum layer does not cause clogging. The biogas in the gas collection chamber is led out of the pool through the air guide pipe and enters the biogas storage cabinet.

由于厌氧消化反应过程受温度影响很大,为了保证厌氧反应在冬季仍可正常进行,必须对系统实施整体保温措施,同时还需对USR反应器14进行增温处理:USR反应器14的罐壁采用装填有保温隔热材料的夹层结构,在该夹层中设置有与锅炉1连通的热水管20。锅炉1的燃料可采用经过净化处理的部分沼气。为了保证反应充分,在USR反应器14上设有能够使发酵液体充分混合的循环管19,该循环管上设有泵;同理,为了使液体充分混合,在二级发酵池10和预处理池16上均设有搅拌机13。为了避免杂物混入,在预处理池16入口处设有隔栅18;为了便于将沉积在预处理池16中的污泥排除,在该预处理池的底部设有排泥口17。Since the anaerobic digestion reaction process is greatly affected by temperature, in order to ensure that the anaerobic reaction can still be carried out normally in winter, it is necessary to implement overall heat preservation measures for the system, and at the same time, it is necessary to increase the temperature of the USR reactor 14: USR reactor 14 The tank wall adopts a sandwich structure filled with thermal insulation materials, and a hot water pipe 20 communicating with the boiler 1 is arranged in the sandwich. The fuel for the boiler 1 can be part of the biogas that has been purified. In order to ensure that the reaction is sufficient, the USR reactor 14 is provided with a circulation pipe 19 that can fully mix the fermentation liquid, and the circulation pipe is provided with a pump; in the same way, in order to make the liquid fully mixed, the secondary fermentation tank 10 and the pretreatment A mixer 13 is provided on the pool 16 . In order to avoid the mixing of sundries, a grille 18 is provided at the entrance of the pretreatment tank 16; in order to facilitate the removal of sludge deposited in the pretreatment tank 16, a sludge outlet 17 is provided at the bottom of the pretreatment tank.

Claims (10)

1. one kind big-and-middle-sized biogas engineering B grade anaerobic fermentation and power generation system comprise the pretreatment pool, one grade fermemtation pond, second order fermentation pond and the natural pond slag bath that are communicated with successively; It is characterized in that: described one grade fermemtation pond is USR reactor (14), pretreatment pool (16) is communicated with USR reactor (14) by feed-pipe (15), the anti-device of this USR is communicated with second order fermentation pond (10) by upflow tube (21) and airway (2), and USR reactor (14) and second order fermentation pond (10) are communicated with natural pond slag bath (11) by scum pipe (12) respectively; Second order fermentation pond (10) by marsh gas purifying device (3) to the generator air feed.
2. big-and-middle-sized biogas engineering B grade anaerobic fermentation according to claim 1 and power generation system is characterized in that: marsh gas purifying device (3) is made up of the gas-holder (22), liquid packing (4), devulcanizer (5), water trap (6), gas compressor (7) and the high pressure gas-holder (8) that are communicated with successively.
3. big-and-middle-sized biogas engineering B grade anaerobic fermentation according to claim 1 and 2 and power generation system is characterized in that: USR reactor (14) is provided with heating unit.
4. big-and-middle-sized biogas engineering B grade anaerobic fermentation according to claim 3 and power generation system is characterized in that: described heating unit is for being located at the hot-water line (20) in USR reactor (14) the interlayer wall.
5. big-and-middle-sized biogas engineering B grade anaerobic fermentation according to claim 1 and 2 and power generation system is characterized in that: USR reactor (14) is provided with circulation tube (19), and this circulation tube is provided with pump; On second order fermentation pond (10) and pretreatment pool (16), be provided with stirrer (13).
6. big-and-middle-sized biogas engineering B grade anaerobic fermentation according to claim 4 and power generation system is characterized in that: USR reactor (14) is provided with circulation tube (19), and this circulation tube is provided with pump; On second order fermentation pond (10) and pretreatment pool (16), be provided with stirrer (13).
7. big-and-middle-sized biogas engineering B grade anaerobic fermentation according to claim 1 and 2 and power generation system is characterized in that: be provided with barrier (18) in pretreatment pool (16) ingress, be provided with mud discharging mouth (17) in the bottom of this pretreatment pool.
8. big-and-middle-sized biogas engineering B grade anaerobic fermentation according to claim 4 and power generation system is characterized in that: be provided with barrier (18) in pretreatment pool (16) ingress, be provided with mud discharging mouth (17) in the bottom of this pretreatment pool.
9. big-and-middle-sized biogas engineering B grade anaerobic fermentation according to claim 5 and power generation system is characterized in that: be provided with barrier (18) in pretreatment pool (16) ingress, be provided with mud discharging mouth (17) in the bottom of this pretreatment pool.
10. big-and-middle-sized biogas engineering B grade anaerobic fermentation according to claim 6 and power generation system is characterized in that: be provided with barrier (18) in pretreatment pool (16) ingress, be provided with mud discharging mouth (17) in the bottom of this pretreatment pool.
CN2009101026563A 2009-07-06 2009-07-06 Secondary anaerobic fermentation and power generation system for large and medium-sized biogas projects Expired - Fee Related CN101597562B (en)

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CN102242059A (en) * 2011-04-25 2011-11-16 青岛天人环境股份有限公司 Device and method for preparing automobile fuel gas by utilizing organic wastes
CN102586334A (en) * 2012-02-17 2012-07-18 江南大学 Method for producing biogas from kitchen wastes by anaerobic fermentation
CN102586334B (en) * 2012-02-17 2013-10-16 江南大学 Method for producing biogas from kitchen wastes by anaerobic fermentation
CN103540525A (en) * 2012-07-08 2014-01-29 安徽阜阳永志环能工程有限公司 Double-level anaerobic tower
CN102887609A (en) * 2012-09-18 2013-01-23 蚌埠市宏博生态牧业有限公司 USR (Upflow Solids Reactor) fermentation technology method
CN102965278A (en) * 2012-11-28 2013-03-13 华南理工大学 Efficient two-phase anaerobic fermentation device
CN102965278B (en) * 2012-11-28 2014-05-07 华南理工大学 A high-efficiency two-phase anaerobic fermentation device
CN103589755A (en) * 2013-11-15 2014-02-19 中聚天冠生物能源有限公司 Technology for methane power generation
CN103589755B (en) * 2013-11-15 2015-08-19 中聚天冠生物能源有限公司 A kind of technique of marsh gas power generation
CN104560642A (en) * 2014-12-22 2015-04-29 朱永彪 Anaerobic power and gas supply station with stainless steel reinforced concrete structure
CN104593229A (en) * 2014-12-22 2015-05-06 朱永彪 Plastic steel-concrete structure anaerobic power generation gas station
CN104560656A (en) * 2014-12-22 2015-04-29 朱永彪 Anaerobic power generation and gas supply station with film mixed willow wattle and steel structure
CN104560650A (en) * 2014-12-22 2015-04-29 朱永彪 Anaerobic power generation and gas supply station adopting rubber structure
CN104560646A (en) * 2014-12-22 2015-04-29 朱永彪 Anaerobic power generation and gas supply station adopting carbon steel structure
CN104560652A (en) * 2014-12-22 2015-04-29 朱永彪 Anaerobic power generation and gas supply station adopting enamel structure
CN104560651A (en) * 2014-12-22 2015-04-29 朱永彪 Anaerobic power generation and gas supply station adopting enamel steel-concrete structure
CN104560645A (en) * 2014-12-22 2015-04-29 朱永彪 Anaerobic power generation and gas supply station adopting carbon steel-concrete structure
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CN104560653A (en) * 2014-12-22 2015-04-29 朱永彪 Anaerobic power generation and gas supply station with glass fiber reinforced plastic steel-concrete structure
CN104593230A (en) * 2014-12-22 2015-05-06 朱永彪 Wood-structure anaerobic power generation gas station
CN104593228A (en) * 2014-12-22 2015-05-06 朱永彪 Reinforced concrete structure anaerobic power generation gas station
CN104531511A (en) * 2014-12-22 2015-04-22 朱永彪 Steel wood structured anaerobic power generating and gas feeding station
CN104593228B (en) * 2014-12-22 2017-12-12 朱永彪 Reinforced concrete structure anaerobic power-generating supply station
CN105385573A (en) * 2015-11-15 2016-03-09 朱永彪 Anaerobic power generation and gas supply station with Vitex negundo woven and film lined structure
CN105385569A (en) * 2015-11-15 2016-03-09 朱永彪 Anaerobic power generation and gas supply station with reinforced concrete structure
CN105385571A (en) * 2015-11-15 2016-03-09 朱永彪 Anaerobic power generation and gas supply station with timber structure
CN105385574A (en) * 2015-11-15 2016-03-09 朱永彪 Anaerobic power generation and gas supply station with wicker woven and film lined structure
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CN105385578A (en) * 2015-11-15 2016-03-09 朱永彪 Anaerobic power generation and gas supply station with plastic structure
CN105540999A (en) * 2015-12-11 2016-05-04 凯天环保科技股份有限公司 Breeding wastewater integrated treatment device
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