CN101586225B - Vacuum hardening method and a vacuum hardening apparatus used - Google Patents
Vacuum hardening method and a vacuum hardening apparatus used Download PDFInfo
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- CN101586225B CN101586225B CN2009103017959A CN200910301795A CN101586225B CN 101586225 B CN101586225 B CN 101586225B CN 2009103017959 A CN2009103017959 A CN 2009103017959A CN 200910301795 A CN200910301795 A CN 200910301795A CN 101586225 B CN101586225 B CN 101586225B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a vacuum hardening method and a vacuum hardening apparatus used. The invention comprises steps of: packing parts need to quench to a vacuum furnace tube to heat; overturning the furnace tube when quenching so that tube opening of the furnace tube is sank to water of a quench groove completely, opening a sealed flange so that the parts fall to the quenching liquid directly to quench separated from air. The invention uses an overturning mechanism to realize rapid transfer, reduced from prior transfer time 12s to transfer time smaller than or equal to 3s. The parts in heating and cooling processes of the invention are airproof, which solves problem that the parts are of oxygen, hydrogen, carbon and nitrogen pollution successfully. Limit vacuum of the invention in cool state reaches 1.0x10<-3> Pa and work vacuum at 950 DEG C reaches 3.2x10<-3> Pa. The invention is simple to operate, high in degree of automation and strong in practicability.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method for vacuum hardening and used vacuum hardening device, belong to the vacuum hardening technical field.
Background technology
It is little that titanium alloy has density, and advantages of high strength extensively applies to Aeronautics and Astronautics equipment.But titanium alloy is extremely strict to the requirement of HTFX when thermal treatment, in heat treatment process, requires component to receive the pollution level minimum of oxygen, hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, and guarantees to satisfy relevant regulations after the part thermal treatment.The equipment of in the prior art titanium alloy being heat-treated preferentially adopts vacuum oven, requires the psia in the vacuum oven to be not more than 7 * 10
-2Pa.The titanium alloy solution heat treatment requires transfer time less than 6 seconds.But present, the vacuum tightness that is used for the vacuum water quenching oven of titanium alloy quenching requires and all can not satisfy transfer time the requirement of use.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to; A kind of method for vacuum hardening and used vacuum hardening device are provided; With satisfy titanium alloy when the thermal treatment to the requirement of vacuum requirements and transfer time, and guarantee that product does not directly contact with air in quenching process, the component of avoiding quenching receive oxygen contamination.
The present invention is achieved in that a kind of method for vacuum hardening of the present invention does, this method is the component that needs quench to be packed into heat in the boiler tube that vacuumizes; During quenching boiler tube is overturn, the mouth of pipe of boiler tube is sunk in the hardening liquid of quenching tank fully, open tongued and grooved flanges, make component with the air state of isolation under directly fall into hardening liquid by boiler tube and quench.
In the above-mentioned method for vacuum hardening, the heating of said boiler tube is through quenching furnance movably boiler tube to be heated; The quenching furnance reach makes boiler tube stretch into the quenching furnance internal heating during heating; Move behind the quenching furnance during quenching, boiler tube is withdrawed from quenching furnance, boiler tube can be overturn.
A kind of vacuum hardening device that is used for method of the present invention is: its formation comprises boiler tube, the sealing of boiler tube one end, the other end opening; The opening end of boiler tube is provided with tongued and grooved flanges, and the below of boiler tube opening end is provided with quenching tank, and the boiler tube closedend is provided with quenching furnance; Boiler tube is connected with switching mechanism, and boiler tube one side is provided with vacuum pump.
In the above-mentioned vacuum hardening device; The formation of said switching mechanism comprises the support bar that is located at quenching tank one end, and support bar and boiler tube are hinged, and boiler tube is provided with support plate; Support plate is connected with the piston rod of the upset hydro-cylinder that is located at the quenching tank both sides, and the cylinder body of upset hydro-cylinder is connected with quenching tank.
In the aforesaid vacuum hardening device; Said quenching furnance bottom is provided with the body of heater roller, and the body of heater roller rolls with the body of heater track and is connected, and body of heater track one end is provided with the body of heater baffle plate; The body of heater baffle plate is connected with the cylinder body of body of heater movable cylinder, and the piston rod of body of heater movable cylinder is connected with quenching furnance.
In the aforesaid vacuum hardening device, said vacuum pump bottom is provided with the pump roller, and the pump roller rolls with the pump track and is connected, and pump track one end is provided with the pump baffle plate, and the pump baffle plate is connected with the cylinder body of pump movable cylinder, and the piston rod of pump movable cylinder is connected with vacuum pump.
In the aforesaid vacuum hardening device, the stage casing of said boiler tube is provided with sealed step, between the opening end of sealed step and boiler tube, is provided with two watercooling jackets; Between two watercooling jackets, be provided with vacuum interface, support plate and Connection Block.
In the aforesaid vacuum hardening device, the formation of said quenching furnance comprises furnace shell, and furnace shell is provided with the body of heater mouth, and the top of quenching furnance is provided with movable bell, and travelling oven covers and is provided with thermopair; Be provided with furnace lining in the furnace shell, be provided with well heater in the cavity that furnace lining forms.
Owing to adopted technique scheme, the present invention compared with prior art, the horizontal internal heat type vacuum oven of prior art, do not reach the effect of complete solid solution transfer time about 12s, intensity can not satisfy the technical requirements of product after the timeliness.The present invention has successfully solved short bottleneck problem transfer time.The present invention adopts switching mechanism to realize shifting fast, by 12 seconds existing transfer time, foreshortens to and is less than or equal to 3 seconds transfer time.The present invention is in the heating and cooling process the equal ingress of air not of component, successfully solved the pollution that component receive oxygen, hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen.Product the time is vacuum or argon shield heating in heating, and when cooling, retort turn to 20 products when spending and can not drop out; After fire door sinks to hardening liquid; Recharge greater than 1 atmospheric argon gas and wash fire door open, continue to turn to 45～60 degree, product is fallen in the quenching tank and is cooled off.In whole umklapp process, product has completely cut off air, has cut off the air source.The highest attainable vacuum of the present invention when cold conditions can reach 1.0 * 10
-3Pa, the working vacuum during 950 ℃ of insulations can reach 3.2 * 10
-3Pa.Satisfy when carrying out vacuum solid solution thermal treatment, psia allows to be not more than 2.7Pa in the vacuum oven, or relies on the infiltration argon gas (or helium) of limiting the quantity of to maintain 1.33 * 10
-1Pa～13.3Pa scope.The present invention also has simple to operate, and one-time investment is few; Advantages such as equipment stabilization and level of automation are high, and be practical.The present invention also can be used for shrend, oil quenching and the annealing device as ferrous material.The good heat insulating of apparatus of the present invention, the characteristics that calorific loss is low, energy-saving effect is obvious.The present invention has started the new development direction of vacuum quencher, is a ground zero of titanium alloy vacuum quenching furnance development, adopts the present invention will promote the fast development of vacuum heat treatment furnace, makes titanium alloy and goods thereof in the industry manufacturing, play the part of more and more important role.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the synoptic diagram of the present invention when overturning;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of boiler tube of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of quenching furnance of the present invention.
Being labeled as in the accompanying drawing: 1-boiler tube, 2-tongued and grooved flanges, 3-quenching tank, 4-quenching furnance, 5-vacuum pump, 6-support bar; 7-support plate, the 8-hydro-cylinder that overturns, 9-body of heater roller, 10-body of heater track, 11-body of heater baffle plate, 12-body of heater movable cylinder; 13-pump roller, 14-pump track, 15-pump baffle plate, 16-pump movable cylinder, 17-corrugated tube, 20-flange; The 21-sealed step, 22-watercooling jacket, 23-vacuum interface, 24-Connection Block, 25-furnace shell; 26-body of heater mouth, the movable bell of 27-, 28-thermopair, 29-furnace lining, 30-well heater.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the present invention is done further detailed description, but not as the foundation of the present invention being done any restriction.
Embodiments of the invention: as depicted in figs. 1 and 2 during a kind of method for vacuum hardening of embodiment of the present invention, the component that needs are quenched are packed into and are heated in the boiler tube that vacuumizes; During quenching boiler tube is overturn, the mouth of pipe of boiler tube is sunk in the hardening liquid of quenching tank fully, open tongued and grooved flanges, make component with the air state of isolation under directly fall into hardening liquid by boiler tube and quench.The heating of boiler tube is through quenching furnance movably boiler tube to be heated; The quenching furnance reach makes boiler tube stretch into the quenching furnance internal heating during heating; Move behind the quenching furnance during quenching, boiler tube is withdrawed from quenching furnance, boiler tube can be overturn.
Specifically: be as shown in Figure 1; Be provided with support bar 6 in a side of quenching tank 3 and supporting a boiler tube that can overturn 1, be provided with the 4 pairs of boiler tubes 1 of quenching furnance that can on body of heater track 10, move that drive through body of heater movable cylinder 12 at the tail end of boiler tube 1 and heat.Before the heating, vacuum interface 23 soft are connected of the vacuum pump 5 of boiler tube 1 one sides on corrugated tube 17 and boiler tube 1, the air in the boiler tube 1 is extracted out, to reach the vacuum tightness that needs, final vacuum can reach 5 * 10
-3Pa.During heating, quenching furnance 4 entangles the major part of boiler tube 1, makes the sealed step 21 on the boiler tube 1 nestle up body of heater mouth 26 edges on the quenching furnance 4, plays location and sealing function.Connect well heater 30 power supplys in the quenching furnance 4 then, the part that boiler tube 1 is stretched in the quenching furnance heats, and the component in the boiler tube 1 also are heated simultaneously.When Heating temperature reaches quenching temperature (quenching temperature is through the thermocouple temperature measurement on the quenching furnance, shows through display unit again), and after being incubated the enough time, cut off heating power supply.Drive quenching furnance 4 through body of heater movable cylinder 12 and behind body of heater track 10, move, boiler tube 1 is shifted out in quenching furnance 4.Then the valve (not showing among the figure) of vacuum interface 23 on the boiler tube 1 is closed, opens vacuum pump 5 through being flexible coupling of corrugated tube 17 and vacuum interface 23, through pump movable cylinder 16 pulling vacuum pumps 5 away from boiler tube 1.Connect upset hydro-cylinder 8 again and make boiler tube 1 upset, boiler tube 1 is the fulcrum rotation with the tie point of support bar 6 and Connection Block 24 when overturning; Boiler tube 1 mouth of pipe is sunk in the liquid of hardening liquid in the quenching tank 3, open the sealing bolt of tongued and grooved flanges 2 on boiler tube 1 mouth of pipe then, again the vacuum interface on the boiler tube 1 23 is connected with argon gas pipeline (not shown); To boiler tube 1 applying argon gas; Argon gas can be washed the tongued and grooved flanges 2 on boiler tube 1 mouth of pipe open, and the direct landing of component that makes the needs quenching in the boiler tube 1 makes component contact with air in whole quenching process to hardening liquid; To reach the purpose of vacuum hardening, avoid component oxidized in quenching process.
The vacuum hardening device that above-mentioned method for vacuum hardening is used, its formation comprises boiler tube 1, boiler tube 1 adopts the ZGCr25Ni20Si2 steel pipe to form thickness 15mm, inwall smooth finish Ra6.3.The sealing of boiler tube 1 one ends, the closedend of boiler tube 1 adopts disposable impact briquetting end enclosure structure, little, the long service life of temperature distortion.The sealing of boiler tube 1 one ends, the other end opening; The stage casing of boiler tube 1 is provided with sealed step 21, between the opening end of sealed step 21 and boiler tube 1, is provided with two watercooling jackets 22; Between two watercooling jackets 22, be provided with vacuum interface 23, support plate 7 and Connection Block 24.Sealed step 21 combines with body of heater mouth 26, and boiler tube 1 opening end is provided with flange 20, and flange 20 is connected with tongued and grooved flanges 2, and an end that is connected with tongued and grooved flanges 2 is a discharge port, four of the flanged sealing bolts of discharge port end.Between the opening end of sealed step 21 and boiler tube 1, be provided with two watercooling jackets 22; Between two watercooling jackets 22, be provided with vacuum interface 23, argon gas interface (not shown), support plate 7 and Connection Block 24, tape spool holds on the Connection Block 24.
The sealing of boiler tube 1 one ends, the other end opening; The opening end of boiler tube 1 is provided with tongued and grooved flanges 2, tongued and grooved flanges 2 band water coolings, and it is vertical with the boiler tube length direction that Inlet and outlet water is chewed direction, is with four bolt openings, manual operation.The below of boiler tube 1 opening end is provided with quenching tank 3, and boiler tube 1 closedend is provided with quenching furnance 4; Boiler tube 1 is connected with switching mechanism, and boiler tube 1 one sides are provided with vacuum pump 5.Switching mechanism adopts stainless material, and hydraulic pressure is adopted in upset, corner 45～60 degree; The formation of switching mechanism comprises the support bar 6 that is located at quenching tank 3 one ends, and support bar 6 is hinged through Connection Block 24 and boiler tube 1, and tape spool holds on the Connection Block 24.Boiler tube 1 is provided with support plate 7, and support plate 7 is hinged with the piston rod of the upset hydro-cylinder 8 that is located at quenching tank 3 both sides, and the cylinder body and the quenching tank 3 of upset hydro-cylinder 8 are hinged.The stroke of upset hydro-cylinder 8 is through travel switch control.Quenching furnance 4 bottoms are provided with body of heater roller 9, and body of heater roller 9 rolls with body of heater track 10 and is connected, and body of heater track 10 1 ends are provided with body of heater baffle plate 11, and body of heater baffle plate 11 is connected with the cylinder body of body of heater movable cylinder 12, and the piston rod of body of heater movable cylinder 12 is connected with quenching furnance 4.Through body of heater movable cylinder 12 quenching furnance 4 front and back on body of heater track 10 are moved, the stroke of body of heater movable cylinder 12 is through travel switch control.Vacuum pump 5 bottoms are provided with pump roller 13, and pump roller 13 rolls with pump track 14 and is connected, and pump track 14 1 ends are provided with pump baffle plate 15, and pump baffle plate 15 is connected with the cylinder body of pump movable cylinder 16, and the piston rod of pump movable cylinder 16 is connected with vacuum pump 5.Through pump movable cylinder 16 vacuum pump 5 front and back on pump track 14 are moved, the stroke of pump movable cylinder 16 is through travel switch control.
The formation of quenching furnance 4 comprises furnace shell 25, and furnace shell 25 is provided with body of heater mouth 26, and the top of quenching furnance 4 is provided with movable bell 27, and movable bell 27 is provided with thermopair 28; Be provided with furnace lining 29 in the furnace shell 25, be provided with well heater 30 in the cavity that furnace lining 29 forms.
System of the present invention all adopts system of the prior art; Used system comprises the mechanical action time variable control that electrical control system, temperature control system, vacuum-control(led) system and PC (PLC) are formed, and can realize automatic routine control and manually control.Temperature control system adopts two table system temperature controls (promptly by Japanese import appearance temperature control; Middle strip chart recorder record temperature double as overtemperature alarm); Solid state relay PID Power Regulation vacuum-control(led) system is mainly controlled vacuum unit, vacuumometer, inflation system etc.; Housing is provided with mimic panel, can show the working order of vacuum oven intuitively.The out of order self-diagnostic function of vacuum oven.PC (PLC) mainly to the vacuum oven body of heater move, mechanical actions such as vacuum system moves, mechanical pump, DP, SV, switching mechanism, recycle pump carry out PLC control; PC adopts the CPM2 unit; Mechanical action is controlled, can be realized vacuumizing, the full automatic control of actions such as vacuum valve switching, each mechanical action.Quenching tank: mainly by cell body, the recycle system, water-freeing arrangement, charging basket and hoisting appliance.
Claims (1)
1. method for vacuum hardening is characterized in that: this method is the component that needs quench to be packed into heat in the boiler tube that vacuumizes; During quenching boiler tube is overturn; The mouth of pipe of boiler tube is sunk in the water of quenching tank fully; Open tongued and grooved flanges, make component with the air state of isolation under directly fall into hardening liquid by boiler tube and quench, the heating of said boiler tube is through quenching furnance movably boiler tube to be heated; The quenching furnance reach makes boiler tube stretch into the quenching furnance internal heating during heating; Move behind the quenching furnance during quenching, boiler tube is withdrawed from quenching furnance, boiler tube can be overturn; The vacuum hardening device that is used for this method, its formation comprise boiler tube (1), the sealing of boiler tube (1) one end, the other end opening; The opening end of boiler tube (1) is provided with tongued and grooved flanges (2), and the below of boiler tube (1) opening end is provided with quenching tank (3), and boiler tube (1) closedend is provided with quenching furnance (4); Boiler tube (1) is connected with switching mechanism, and boiler tube (1) one side is provided with vacuum pump (5), and the formation of said switching mechanism comprises the support bar (6) that is located at quenching tank (3) one ends; Support bar (6) is hinged with boiler tube (1), and boiler tube (1) is provided with support plate (7), and support plate (7) is connected with the piston rod of the upset hydro-cylinder (8) that is located at quenching tank (3) both sides; The cylinder body of upset hydro-cylinder (8) is connected with quenching tank (3), and said quenching furnance (4) bottom is provided with body of heater roller (9), and body of heater roller (9) rolls with body of heater track (10) and is connected; Body of heater track (10) one ends are provided with body of heater baffle plate (11); Body of heater baffle plate (11) is connected with the cylinder body of body of heater movable cylinder (12), and the piston rod of body of heater movable cylinder (12) is connected with quenching furnance (4), and said vacuum pump (5) bottom is provided with pump roller (13); Pump roller (13) rolls with pump track (14) and is connected; Pump track (14) one ends are provided with pump baffle plate (15), and pump baffle plate (15) is connected with the cylinder body of pump movable cylinder (16), and the piston rod of pump movable cylinder (16) is connected with vacuum pump (5); The stage casing of said boiler tube (1) is provided with sealed step (21), between the opening end of sealed step (21) and boiler tube (1), is provided with two watercooling jackets (22); Between two watercooling jackets (22), be provided with vacuum interface (23), support plate (7) and Connection Block (24); The formation of said quenching furnance (4) comprises furnace shell (25); Furnace shell (25) is provided with body of heater mouth (26), and the top of quenching furnance (4) is provided with movable bell (27), and movable bell (27) is provided with thermopair (28); Be provided with furnace lining (29) in the furnace shell (25), be provided with well heater (30) in the cavity that furnace lining (29) forms.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2009103017959A CN101586225B (en) | 2009-04-23 | 2009-04-23 | Vacuum hardening method and a vacuum hardening apparatus used |
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| CN2009103017959A CN101586225B (en) | 2009-04-23 | 2009-04-23 | Vacuum hardening method and a vacuum hardening apparatus used |
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| CN101586225A CN101586225A (en) | 2009-11-25 |
| CN101586225B true CN101586225B (en) | 2012-02-01 |
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Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102312076A (en) * | 2011-08-19 | 2012-01-11 | 上海锦荣矿山机械有限公司 | Device for quenching of elongated steel wire |
| CN103305667B (en) * | 2012-03-13 | 2014-12-17 | 天津海鸥表业集团有限公司 | Vacuum heat treatment equipment |
| CN103673611B (en) * | 2013-12-31 | 2015-12-09 | 苏州市职业大学 | A kind of rapid quenching tubular heater of use for laboratory band protective atmosphere |
| CN104152833B (en) * | 2014-08-28 | 2016-05-18 | 航天精工股份有限公司 | A kind of titanium alloy solution heat treatment furnace and solid dissolving method |
| CN106435109B (en) * | 2016-09-23 | 2018-03-06 | 昆明理工大学 | A kind of automatic sample outlet heating furnace |
| CN106676247A (en) * | 2017-03-03 | 2017-05-17 | 浙江金石家居用品有限公司 | Vacuum oil quenching heat treatment method for kitchen knives |
| CN106834631B (en) * | 2017-03-07 | 2018-10-02 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Vacuum hardening tube furnace and process for quenching |
| CN110983020A (en) * | 2019-12-24 | 2020-04-10 | 浙江环宇轴承有限公司 | Inner and outer ring heat treatment device for bearing machining |
| CN115786678B (en) * | 2023-02-07 | 2023-05-30 | 江苏古川机械有限公司 | Heat treatment device for breaking hammer part of excavator |
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