CN101575155B - 一种高效节能的污水处理方法及其装置 - Google Patents
一种高效节能的污水处理方法及其装置 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101575155B CN101575155B CN2008102197983A CN200810219798A CN101575155B CN 101575155 B CN101575155 B CN 101575155B CN 2008102197983 A CN2008102197983 A CN 2008102197983A CN 200810219798 A CN200810219798 A CN 200810219798A CN 101575155 B CN101575155 B CN 101575155B
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- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
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- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus Chemical compound 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- 235000001855 Portulaca oleracea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- CVTZKFWZDBJAHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].N Chemical compound 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Abstract
本发明涉及环保技术领域，特别是一种高效节能的污水处理方法及其装置，其采用流化池、生态池综合的污水处理方法，所述生态池主要由进水池、养殖池、出水池及循环水道组成，所述养殖池可养殖快速生长之浮水植物以及可养殖适当适量之动物作为生物控制或生物转移，所述流化池主要由进水池、反应池及出水池构成，在反应池中采用了大表面积高吸附悬浮填料，使粘附在流化填料上的微生物能吸附水中的污染物并同时获得充足的溶氧进行好氧新陈代谢；本发明结合了生物滤池、淹没式生物滤池的优点，形成了流化池与生态池相结合的污水处理技术，既能够降低工程投资和处理成本，又能够提高处理效果。
Description
一种高效节能的污水处理方法及其装置
技术领域：
[0001] 本发明涉及环保技术领域，特别是一种高效节能的污水处理方法及其装置。 背景技术：
[0002] 随着我国经济的高速增长，水污染问题伴随着工业化、城市化，越来越严重，其中 以工业废水和城市污水污染最大，这些污水或已经或正在污染着人类赖以生存的江、河及 湖泊，已构成威协人类生存环境的原因之一。于是，如何有效治理水污染已引起社会广泛关注。
[0003] 目前常见的污水处理方法会采用三次处理方式：
[0004] 一次处理：采用简单而有效的厌氧消化池、化粪池等；
[0005] 二次处理：国内多采用传统的生物氧化法，而欧美除了传统的生物氧化法外也有 部份采用浮水植物处理池；前者与后者相比优点是占地较小，缺点是须建厂投资大、能耗 高；后者的优点是投资少、能耗低，缺点是处理效率低、占地大、产生臭味、引起蚊患。近年美 国采用窄长水道形处理池，设计污水经管道分梯段注入同时曝气，另用水泵加压循环部份 池水以维持较稳定的水质，此方法控制了臭味及改善了若干处理效率，但是由于循环回流 水量少，未能很有效地控制浮水植物的最佳生长水质参数，而且增加了能耗。
[0006] 三次处理：是将二次处理水再深化处理，包括工艺比较复杂的生物除磷及反硝化 系统等，这种方式投资较高，也有采用浮水植物除磷、除氮，但水力停留时间长、占地大等敞 端。
[0007] 从现有的技术上看，无论是采取以上哪一种方式的污水处理方法都有其局限性， 受到众多客观条件的影响；例如要处理我国乡镇污水，须综合考滤污水量、处理效果、处理 厂的投资、运行费用和须建造庞大的地下管网配套等问题，纵观现有处理方法，都远远满足 不了及时处理的实际要求。因此，当务之急还是需要寻求一种行之有效的污水处理方法，以 解决日趋严重的污水排放问题。
发明内容：
[0008] 本发明的目的旨在克服现有技术的不足，提供一种适用于一般污水处理，包括受 污染湖、泊、溪、河的处理以及农场禽畜排泄物处理、养份回收及利用等的成本能耗低、效率 高的污水处理方法及其装置。
[0009] 本发明主要通过如下技术方案来实现发明目的：
[0010] 一种高效节能的污水处理方法，其特征在于：将经过初级处理过的污水送入设有 浮水植物的生态池，充分利用设于生态池的浮水植物吸收大量污染物，从而降低处理水的 B0D、磷、氮值；经过初级处理过的污水在送入生态池前还经过设有高吸附率流化填料的流 化池的处理，经过初级处理过的污水送入流化池后使微生物充分粘附于设在流化池中的高 吸附率流化填料之上，通过填料的上下运动吸附水中的污染物同时获得充足的溶氧进行好 氧新陈代谢，使污染物得到充分氧化。[0011] 所述生态池至少为两个，两个以上生态池串联连接后再与流化池串联连接。
[0012] 所述生态池至少为两个，两个以上生态池并联连接后再与流化池串联连接。
[0013] 其包含有生态池，所述生态池由池体和回水道组成，池体和回水道通过出水口一 及循环水口相连；池体设有分隔板，分隔板将池体划分为进水池、养殖池及出水池；所述进 水池设有进水管，进水管之上设有管孔若干；所述分隔板设有若干进水孔；所述养殖池养 殖快速生长的浮水植物；池体靠近出水口一处设有气动泵水装置及竖管，所述回水道接有 出水口二。
[0014] 在所述的生态池前还连接有流化池，所述流化池包括至少一个水处理池体，每个 水处理池体划分为进水池、反应池及出水池，进水池与反应池设有分隔板，分隔板之下部设 进水网，反应池与出水池设有分隔板，分隔板之下部设出水网，反应池中至少安装了一台气 动泵水装置和竖管，反应池内设有流化填料若干。
[0015] 所述生态池的池体为两个以上，上一池体的出水口 二与下一池体的进水口连接。
[0016] 本发明为一种高效节能的污水处理方法及其装置，其采用流化池、生态池合的污 水处理方法，所述生态池主要由进水池、养殖池、出水池及循环水道组成，所述养殖池可养 殖快速生长之浮水植物以及可养殖适当适量之动物作为生物控制或生物转移，所述流化池 主要由进水池、反应池及出水池构成，在反应池中采用了大表面积高吸附悬浮填料，使粘附 在流化填料上的微生物能吸附水中的污染物并同时获得充足的溶氧进行好氧新陈代谢；其 有益效果如下：其一、省却传统污水处理厂的昂贵的土建投资；其二、可因应个别地区的地 理环境兴建小型处理中心，不须投入庞大的管网建设；其三、如果污水或受污染水体不含有 害物质，通过养殖浮水植物如浮萍及水生动物，可将污染作生物转移，变作经济作物；其四、 可利用蓄水湖储藏处理后的水，水资源可再利用，此外湖泊有助调节环境温度。
[0017] 本发明采用的方法及新型流化池、生态池设计科学，结构简单、合理，它综合利用 各种物理、浮水植物及水生动物的生物特性，以及采用了几种已获国家知识产权局颂发专 利的创新发明，合成了一个投资少、能耗低而且节能有效的水处理方法；是一种实用性好， 易于推广使用、极适合国情的污水处理新方法。
附图说明：
[0018] 图1本发明的生态式水处理工艺流程图；
[0019] 图2本发明高效流化处理池平面结构示意图；
[0020] 图3是图2的剖面结构意图；
[0021] 图4本发明实施例之一的生态式水处理池的结构示意图；
[0022] 图5是图4的剖面结构示意图；
[0023] 图6本发明实施例之二的生态式水处理池的结构示意图；
[0024] 图7是本发明实施例之三的生态式水处理池的结构示意图；
[0025] 图8是本发明实施例之四的生态式水处理池实的结构示意图。
具体实施方式：
[0026] 下面结合附图对本发明作进一步说明：参见附图1至8 ；从图2和图3可见，流化 池包括最少一个水池体，并划分为进水池101、反应池102及出水池103。所述处理池的进水池101设有分隔板104分隔进水池101及反应池102，分隔板104的下部设进水网105让 待处理水进入反应池102但阻挡高吸附率流化填料的进入。所述反应池102至少安装了至 少一台以压缩空气为动力的节能气动泵水装置108及竖管109，以及设置了高吸附率流化 填料。所述反应池102设有分隔板106分隔反应池102及出水池103，分隔板106的下部设 出水网107让处理水进入出水池但阻挡高吸附率流化填料之进入。
[0027] 本流化池的使用方法及工作过程：待处理水从进水管或进水槽1011经进水池101 进入反应池102并与池水混和循环，再经出水池103排出；反应池102设置之高吸附率流 化填料，流化填料每立米有极高的面积让微生物吸附，其密度稍轻于水，当被微生物吸附后 稍重于水；压缩空气经气管1010供气至气动泵水装置108产生大量细小气泡，气泡在竖管 109内上升带动反应池底部大量水流及悬浮在水中的流化填料上升，到水面后跟水流下沉 循环至反应池102底，期间流化填料与气泡及池水混和，使粘附有流化填料的微生物能吸 附水中的污染物同时获得充足的溶氧进行好氧新陈代谢，使污染物氧化为无害成份。
[0028] 本发明采用的新型流化池的设计原理是：待处理水从进水池101进入反应池102 并与池水混和循环，再经出水池103排出；反应池102设置之高吸附率流化填料每立米有 极高的面积让微生物吸附，流化填料之密度稍轻于水，当微生物吸附后稍重于水；当压缩空 气经气管供气至气动泵水装置108产生大量细小气泡，气泡在竖管109内上升带动反应池 102底大量水流及悬浮在水中的流化填料上升，到水面后跟水流下沉循环至反应池102底， 期间流化填料与气泡及池水混合，使粘附有流化填料之微生物能吸附水中的污染物同时获 得充足的溶氧进行好氧新陈代谢，便污染物氧化为无害成份。
[0029] 实施例一
[0030] 从图4和图5可见，生态池由池体21及池体22组成，两个池体的四周设围基100 作为运作空间，并有出水口一或水道111及循环水口或水道112相连；池体21设有分隔墙 或分隔板16及19将其划分为进水池11、养殖池12及出水池13。所述进水池11设有进水 管或水槽14以及布水用的管孔或晏口 15 ；所述进水池分隔墙或分隔板16设有进水孔或晏 口 17 ；所述养殖池12可养殖快速生长之浮水植物18 ；所述出水池设分隔墙或分隔板19设 有出水孔或晏口 110 ；所述出水池13设泵坑113、气动泵水装置114及竖管115接连出水口 一或水道111 ；
[0031] 所述池体22之循环水水道201接连出水口一或水道111以及循环水口或水道 112，并设有处理水出水口二或水道2002。
[0032] 本生态池的使用方法及工作过程：按照待处理水的水量及水质特性，以及当地的 气候，选定最适当的浮水植物18，计算与待处理水混和至浮水植物18最合适生长条件之循 环水量，并提供压缩空气予气动泵水装置114作为动力。
[0033] 待处理水经进水管或水槽14、管孔或晏口 15布水注入进水池11，并与经循环水口 或水道112回流之大量循环水混和稀释，经进水池分隔墙或分隔板16的进水孔或晏口 17 流入养殖池12，养殖池可养殖适当适量的浮水植物18，水中污染物被进行光合作用的浮水 植物18吸收，同时也有被粘附在浮水植物根部、或悬浮在水中、或是在养殖池12底部的微 生物的新陈代谢过程中去除，水体得到净化；水体经出水池分隔墙或分隔板19之出水孔或 晏口 110流入出水池13 ；出水池13设泵坑113、气动泵水装置114，气动泵水装置由供气管 116提供动水，水体被提升经竖管115、出水口一或水道111至循环水水道201，至此小量处理水经重力由处理水出水口二或水道2002排走，但大量水体由循环水口或水道112回流至 进水池11，完成处理周期。
[0034] 实施例二
[0035] 从图6可见，生态式水处池由池体31及32组成，所述池体31与实施例1之池体 21完全相同；所述池体32刚好是实施例1的池体22的水平翻转，包括设有分隔墙板M及 27将其划分为进水池201、养殖池202及出水池203。所述进水池201与出水口一或水道 111连通；所述进水池分隔墙或板M设有进水孔或晏口 25 ；所述养殖池202可养殖快速生 长之浮水植物18 ；所述出水池203设分隔墙或分隔板27设有出水孔或晏口观；所述出水池 设泵坑210、气动泵水装置211及竖管212接连循环水口或水道112，并设有处理水出水口 二或水道四。本生态式水处理池实施例的使用方法及工作过程与实例一大致相同。
[0036] 实施例三
[0037] 从图7可见，生态式水处池由池体41、42、43及44组成，所述池体41、42与实施例 2之池体31、32完全相同；所述池体43、44与41、42也基本上相同，但是池体43的进水管或 水槽314连接池体42的处理水出水口二或水道四；池体44的处理水最后经处理水出水口 二或水道49排走；所述池体44可设网箱101分类、分重量高密度养鱼，饲料为所养植之浮 水植物，将污染转化为经济作物，并节省管理成本。本生态式水处理池使用方法及工作过程 与实施例二大致相同，是将两组实施例二的生态式水处理池串连，以处理较高浓度之污水。
[0038] 实施例四
[0039] 生态式水处理池可应用于富营养化的溪、河、湖、泊的水体，避免其产生藻潮及发 臭。从图8可见，一个长方形的生态池可用栏网206、栏网207和隔板（或墙)2015划分为 进水区202、养殖区203、出水区204及循环水道205等区域；循环水道205的两端设暗管或 水道208及209与拟处理的河道201互相通联，生态池内水位随河水水位升降；在循环水道 205的两端设泵坑2010和2012以及气动泵水装置2011及2013。
[0040] 本生态池的使用方法及工作过程：提供压缩空气给气动泵水装置2011，水体从循 环水道205的近出水区204端被气动泵水装置2011所产生之气泡加压提升，提升期间水体 溶氧浓度可由原来近乎零大幅增加，同时原溶解于水内之臭味气体如H2S及CH4也从水体 释于出，水体最后经由暗管或水道209排出至河道并与上游缺氧河水混和，河水溶氧得以 提升；结果是河道下游一段距离内河水不发臭味，在好氧的水环境下河底生态可望渐渐地 收复。
[0041] 由于在循环水池近出水区204的水体被泵抽走而产生低压，河水从循环水道205 的高压端经暗管或水道208注入；设于前述位置的气动泵水装置2011以压缩空气为动力， 将前述经暗管或水道208注入的河水及部份循环水道205之水体混合并提升至进水区202， 穿过栏网206进入养殖区203，再穿过栏网207进入出水区204及循环水道205 ；在生态池 内循环的水量是基于河水的水质参数以及所采用浮水植物的最佳生长条件水质而设定，水 体流经养殖池203它的污染物被浮水植物18吸收去除。
[0042] 本方法采用的新型生态池的设计原理是：充份利用浮水植物18能吸收大量污染 物和快速生长的特性来处理污水或受污染物水体，由于不同的浮水植物18拥有不同吸取 养份、去除污染物的特长，并须要在特定水质参数及天气等条件下才能发挥其特长，本生态 池的设计以最节能的方法，提供了一个调节待处理水的水质参数的机制，处理工艺流程见图1，具体细节如下：按照待处理水的水质特性主要是含COD、B0D、氨氮、总氮、溶氧等，以及 当地的气候、出水的水质参数，选定最适当的浮水植物18，设定养殖池203最合适的生长水 质参数。通过计算利用大量回水/循环水与待处理水混和，调节至设定水质参数。
[0043] 采用节能气动泵水装置2011以最小的能耗推动大量水休循环，同时增加水中溶 氧。增加水中溶氧提升水中好氧微生物的新陈代谢，同时控制臭味。整个处理池结构设计 有效地降低循环水系统的阻力，使节能气动泵水装置发挥到最好。
[0044] 以上内容是结合具体的优选实施方式对本发明所作的进一步详细说明，不能认定 本发明的具体实施只局限于这些说明。对于本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在 不脱离本方法及新型构思的前提下，其架构形式能够灵活多变，可以派生系列产品。只是做 出若干简单推演或替换，都应当视为属于本发明由所提交的权利要求书确定的专利保护范 围。
Claims (6)
1. 一种高效节能的污水处理方法，其特征在于：将经过初级处理过的污水送入设有 浮水植物的生态池，充分利用设于生态池的浮水植物吸收大量污染物，从而降低处理水的 B0D、磷、氮值；经过初级处理过的污水在送入生态池前还经过设有高吸附率流化填料的流 化池的处理，经过初级处理过的污水送入流化池后使微生物充分粘附于设在流化池中的高 吸附率流化填料之上，通过填料的上下运动吸附水中的污染物同时获得充足的溶氧进行好 氧新陈代谢，使污染物得到充分氧化。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种高效节能的污水处理方法，其特征在于：所述生态池至 少为两个，两个以上生态池串联连接后再与流化池串联连接。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种高效节能的污水处理方法，其特征在于：所述生态池至 少为两个，两个以上生态池并联连接后再与流化池串联连接。
4. 一种高效节能的污水处理装置，其特征在于：其包含有生态池，所述生态池由池体 和回水道组成，池体和回水道通过出水口一及循环水口相连；池体设有分隔板，分隔板将池 体划分为进水池、养殖池及出水池；所述进水池设有进水管，进水管之上设有管孔若干；所 述分隔板设有若干进水孔；所述养殖池养殖快速生长的浮水植物；池体靠近出水口一处设 有气动泵水装置及竖管，所述回水道接有出水口二。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种高效节能的污水处理装置，其特征在于：在所述的生态 池前还连接有流化池，所述流化池包括至少一个水处理池体，每个水处理池体划分为进水 池、反应池及出水池，进水池与反应池设有分隔板，分隔板之下部设进水网，反应池与出水 池设有分隔板，分隔板之下部设出水网，反应池中至少安装了一台气动泵水装置和竖管，反 应池内设有流化填料若干。
6.根据权利要求4所述的一种高效节能的污水处理装置，其特征在于：所述生态池的 池体为两个以上，上一池体的出水口二与下一池体的进水口连接。
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| CN106630424A (zh) * | 2016-12-23 | 2017-05-10 | 常州大学 | 一种污染河流的治理装置与方法 |
| WO2018168868A1 (ja) * | 2017-03-17 | 2018-09-20 | ダイキン工業株式会社 | 水処理装置および加湿装置 |
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| US5618413A (en) * | 1993-11-10 | 1997-04-08 | Ocean Arks International, Inc. | Ecological fluidized bed system |
| CN1884140A (zh) * | 2006-06-30 | 2006-12-27 | 清华大学 | 光合供碳生态脱氮工艺 |
| CN2892846Y (zh) * | 2006-01-03 | 2007-04-25 | 廖振兴 | 生活污水生物处理系统 |
| CN101066821A (zh) * | 2007-06-04 | 2007-11-07 | 江苏省环境科学研究院 | 一种分散污水的就地生态净化方法 |
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| US5618413A (en) * | 1993-11-10 | 1997-04-08 | Ocean Arks International, Inc. | Ecological fluidized bed system |
| CN2892846Y (zh) * | 2006-01-03 | 2007-04-25 | 廖振兴 | 生活污水生物处理系统 |
| CN1884140A (zh) * | 2006-06-30 | 2006-12-27 | 清华大学 | 光合供碳生态脱氮工艺 |
| CN101066821A (zh) * | 2007-06-04 | 2007-11-07 | 江苏省环境科学研究院 | 一种分散污水的就地生态净化方法 |
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