CN101568025B - Self-adaptive controlling method for a virtual buffering region in code rate control - Google Patents

Self-adaptive controlling method for a virtual buffering region in code rate control Download PDF

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CN101568025B
CN101568025B CN 200910027869 CN200910027869A CN101568025B CN 101568025 B CN101568025 B CN 101568025B CN 200910027869 CN200910027869 CN 200910027869 CN 200910027869 A CN200910027869 A CN 200910027869A CN 101568025 B CN101568025 B CN 101568025B
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point
balance
buffering area
complexity
target
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CN101568025A (en
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李�杰
赵乘骥
赵乘麟
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NANJING AIBUGU NETWORK TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD.
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CHANGZHOU CN STREAMING TECHNOLOGIES Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention relates to a self-adaptive controlling method for a virtual buffering region in code rate control. The method comprises that: a code rate controlling system comprising a complexity analyzer module, a code rate quantizing model R-Q, a QP limiter module, a quantizing encoder module, a GOP layer code rate controller module, a frame level code rate controlling module, a basic coding unitlayer code rate control module and the virtual buffering region is provided with a buffering region self-adaptive controlling module; and according to complexity information and time assisting inform ation counted and analyzed by primary coding complexity of an inner frame in the past period and the current full scale and a current target balancing point of the virtual buffering region, the buffering region self-adaptive controlling module feeds back the current target balancing point c of the buffering region to the virtual buffering region and transmits an adjusting factor k of the bufferingregion to a frame level code rate controlling unit. Through the full scale of the virtual buffering region monitored by the buffering region self-adaptive controlling module and a complexity analyzin g result, the self-adaptive controlling method sets parameters of the virtual buffering region to achieve the farthest utilization of the virtual buffering region and solve the problem of frame skip and the image quality stability.

Description

Virtual buffering region self-adaptation control method in the Rate Control
Technical field
The present invention relates to bit rate control method, relate in particular to the virtual buffering region self-adaptation control method in the Rate Control.
Background technology
The Rate Control process is exactly that some coding parameters by the control of video encoder are to reach the process that the code check that encoder is produced meets predetermined code check.In actual applications, triformed Rate Control pattern commonly used, a kind of is cbr (constant bit rate) pattern (Constant Bit Rate), and a kind of is variable bit rate pattern (Variable Bit Rate) and constrained variable bit rate pattern (Constrained Variable Bit Rate).The CBR pattern is as the term suggests be exactly that the code check of content of generation is constant, and it is particularly suitable for the substantially invariable situation of channel width, such as the PSTN channel.The VBR pattern does not have other extra constraint outside total average bit rate meets the requirements, therefore instantaneous code check might be very high, and it is particularly suitable for the situation of local storage, such as local playback the after the compression of DVD.The CVBR pattern adds some constraintss again on VBR between CBR and VBR, can not surpass certain default value etc. such as the highest instantaneous code check.The more complicated of Rate Control process own, each macroblock encoding pattern (such as determining of INTRA coding or INTER coding) and its used amount China parameter QP can produce big influence to code check, and the usually said Rate Control process of people is meant that determining target bit for the coding unit of different stage reaches the process of target then by adjustment quantization parameter QP.Be the structure chart of a bit rate controller commonly used shown in the figure three, it comprises quantizing encoder, the QP limiter, code check quantitative model R-Q, virtual buffer section model, analysis of complexity device, elementary cell layer bit rate control module, frame level bit-rate control module and GOP layer bit rate control module.
The control of the virtual buffering region in the existing Rate Control all is devoted to keep the full scale of buffering area to be stabilized in certain default point.Its virtual buffering region control all is the target bit of distributing to current frame that calculates to be multiplied by a mode by the adjustment factor of buffer fullness decision control usually.Method commonly used just is to use a control mode of buffer based on following formula:
Tn=Tn□k,?
Figure DEST_PATH_GSB00000327277000011
Wherein B is the size of buffering area, and B (n) is that the full scale .T (n) of buffering area when time n is the target bit of present frame, and k is that buffering area is adjusted the factor, and its function is to adjust the target bit of present frame to keep buffering area stable according to the full scale of buffering area.
If B (n)=when 0.5B was half-full, the value of k was 1; That is: the target balance point of buffering area is half-full.So as can be seen control mode of buffer has two limitations, and the one, balance point is to be fixed on half-full this aspect.The 2nd, the Control Parameter of adjustment dynamics is a constant 2, adjusts the factor and changes between [1/2,2].
The direct result that above-mentioned control method is brought be when scene changes in order to keep not overflowing of buffering area, sometimes inevitably cause some frames not to be encoded, i.e. frame-skipping; The another one consequence is exactly to keep the stable of buffering area with fluctuating up and down of picture quality, and human eye is the comparison sensitivity to fluctuating up and down of picture quality.
Summary of the invention
Main purpose of the present invention is to solve the frame-skipping problem, the present invention also aims to guarantee keep the stable of subjective picture quality under the prerequisite that buffering area do not overflow, and above-mentioned purpose is solved by following technical proposals:
Analysis of complexity device module is analyzed the encoder complexity of residual error, send the encoder complexity analysis result to code check quantitative model R-Q, the bit number that code check quantitative model R-Q distributes according to the encoder complexity and the elementary cell layer bit rate control module of basic coding unit calculates quantization parameter QP and is sent to the QP limiter block, the QP limiter block limits and is sent to the quantizing encoder module according to this quantization parameter QP, the quantizing encoder module quantizes residual error with quantization parameter QP and carries out waiting for outputing in the channel in the input vbv buffer after the variable-length encoding and go, further design is to be provided with a buffering area self-adaptive control module, the complexity information A of relevant statistical analysis to frame level encoder complexity in a period of time in the past in the above-mentioned complexity analyzing result is sent to the buffering area self-adaptive control module, complexity information D to the encoder complexity analysis of the current elementary cell that will encode is sent to code check quantitative model R-Q, the buffering area self-adaptive control module is according to described complexity information A, current full scale of time supplementary and virtual buffering region and current input target balance point c feed back the current export target balance point of this buffering area c ' to virtual buffering region, transmit buffering area to the frame level bit-rate control module and adjust factor k, GOP layer bit rate controller module is that current GOP distributes a GOP level target bit and sends the frame level bit-rate control module to according to average criterion code check and virtual buffering region to the current full scale signal of this buffering area of its transmission, the frame level bit-rate control module is that present frame distributes a frame level target bit according to GOP, use adjustment factor k to adjust and send to elementary cell layer bit rate control module again by the output of buffering area self-adaptive control module, basic coding elementary layer Rate Control module is determined a basic coding cell level target bit, and this target bit exported to code check quantitative model R-Q, so that code check quantitative model R-Q carries out the calculating of above-mentioned quantization parameter QP.
Described buffering area self-adaptive control module comprises buffering area dynamics control unit, buffering area balance point control unit and adjusts factor control unit,
The signal of the current input target of described buffering area balance point c and buffer fullness is by the input input of buffering area dynamics control unit, proportionate relationship according to the current input target of buffering area balance point c and buffer fullness is adjusted dynamics s, and makes s not exceed the maximum adjustment dynamics upper limit;
Described buffering area current goal balance point signal, described complexity information A and described time auxiliary signal are by the input input of buffering area balance point control unit, by the balance point increment relation of setting buffering area current goal balance point is regulated by the relation of setting, and exported the current export target balance point of this buffering area c ';
Described current full scale signal, described output buffer adjust dynamics s and the current input target of buffering area balance point c is imported by the input of adjusting factor control unit, and obtains adjusting factor k according to the relation of setting, and output is exported this adjustment factor k.
Described adjustment dynamics s is set at:
s=min(max(balance_point,buffer_fullness)/min(balance_point,buffer_fullness),3)
Wherein balance_point is a buffering area current goal balance point, and buffer_fullness is the current full scale of buffering area.Wherein min and max function are asked middle minimum of two input values and maximum function respectively.
Described current export target balance point c ' determines as follows:
A) calculate current export target balance point c ' increment
The current goal balance point according to and the target balance point of future tense punctum t between difference do linear increment in time or successively decrease, can use following formula to go to calculate.
Delta=(Future_balance_point-balance_point)/Distance_to_Future_point;
balance_point+=Delta;
Wherein Future_balance_point is the default target balance point of future time t.Balance_point is a buffering area current goal balance point, and Distance_to_Future_point is a current point in time between the time point in the future being the time length of unit of account with the frame per second.When being INTRA frame target setting balance point, can make with the following method:
Future_balance_point=0.9*B-surgeMagnitude; Wherein
Figure GSB00000283009600041
Just pass by the bit number mean value of all INTRA frames.
B) after balance_point calculates, adjust with following formula again:
balance_point*=Clip(C_2s/C_10s,0.9,1.1);
c=Balance_point/B-0.5;
Wherein C_2s is the sliding average of the complexity of the frame in 2 seconds in the past, and C_10s is the sliding average of the complexity of the frame in 10 seconds in the past.
Described adjustment factor k is set at:
Figure 554272DEST_PATH_GSB00000327277000021
Wherein-and 0.5c0.5, s1
Wherein B (n) is the current full scale of buffering area, and s is that buffering area control dynamics and c are buffering area target balance point c, and B is a buffer size.
The present invention has introduced balance point Control Parameter c and has come the controlled target balance point according to some control features of buffering area.The buffering area control features first of institute's foundation: buffering area target balance point dynamically changeable, such as owing to all clearly stipulated cycle of random access point (being INTRA frame or IDR frame) in actual applications, in the control of doing buffering area, can set one than half-full lower slightly target balance point for these random access point in advance, overflow thereby can avoid when compiling these random access point, buffering area occurring; Perhaps when repeatedly encoding, owing to known some information in the future, can be according to content change goal-selling balance point.It two is, when the complexity of encoded frame increases progressively (or successively decreasing) continuously, the buffering area balance point also should progressively up (or descending), if this situation still forces balance point to maintain half-full state, the direct result that brings is the reduction (or super clear) of picture quality.By making target balance point dynamically changeable, can be implemented in the basicly stable of picture quality in the fluctuation range that buffering area allows.
The present invention also according to: when the deviation ratio between the full scale of the reality of target balance point and buffering area is big, adjust the factor saturated characteristics easily, for making it adjustable, and introduced another parameter---adjust dynamics s.
The present invention has realized a kind of new dynamic control mode of buffer by introducing two buffering area Control Parameter, between the fluctuation up and down of picture quality and the full scale of buffering area are floated, obtain a balance, can effectively solve the frame-skipping problem and guarantee to keep the stable of subjective picture quality under the prerequisite that buffering area does not overflow.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structured flowchart of Rate Control of the present invention system.
Fig. 2 is the structured flowchart of buffering area self-adaptive control module.
The structured flowchart of Fig. 3 Rate Control system commonly used.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
Control method of the present invention is finished by Rate Control system shown in Figure 1.The course of work of this system is as follows:
Residual error (to simplify the analysis, we do not distinguish the residual error in the interior residual sum spatial domain of frequency domain in the present invention, because the two is of equal value, just expression-form is different) outputs to quantizing encoder module and analysis of complexity device module respectively.Analysis of complexity device module is analyzed the encoder complexity of residual error, then analysis result is exported to code check quantitative model R-Q and buffering area self-adaptive control module respectively.What export to code check quantitative model R-Q is a analysis to the encoder complexity of the current elementary cell that will encode; What export to the buffering area self-adaptive control module then is a statistical analysis to the encoder complexity of the frame one-level in a period of time in the past.
GOP layer bit rate control module is that the full scale of vbv buffer is that current GOP distributes a target bit according to average criterion code check and virtual buffering region, and exports to the frame level bit-rate control module; The frame level bit-rate control module is that present frame distributes a target bit according to the still surplus bit number of GOP, and then adjusts with the adjustment factor k of buffering area self-adaptive control module output, and exports to elementary cell layer bit rate control module.Basic coding elementary layer Rate Control module further is that oneself determines a target bit according to have still surplus how many bit numbers altogether in present frame, and this target bit is exported to code check quantitative model R-Q.
Code check quantitative model R-Q calculates a quantization parameter QP and exports to the QP limiter block according to the encoder complexity of basic coding unit and the bit number that distributes for this basic coding unit.The QP limiter limits QP and exports to the quantizing encoder module later.The quantizing encoder module quantizes and carries out variable-length encoding with QP to residual error, output to afterwards to wait for outputing in the channel in the vbv buffer (being virtual buffering region) and go.Channel is constantly taken data with the speed identical with channel width away from vbv buffer.Just as same with the water tank of tap, quantizing encoder constantly adds water to vbv buffer in water tank, and channel constantly discharges water by tap.Vbv buffer neither overflows also not for empty under the normal condition.
The buffering area self-adaptive control module is by the full scale of monitoring vbv buffer, and the statistical data analysis of the complexity of all frames in time period in past is set some parameters of control vbv buffer, makes good use of vbv buffer to greatest extent to reach.
Two kinds of control methods of comparison diagram 1 and Fig. 3, its difference is: 1) the virtual buffering region self-adaptation control method is many buffering area self-adaptive control module, it is a negative feedback control module, the setting of the balance point setting of control buffering area and buffering area control dynamics.2) automatic adaptation cushion district control method has utilized the result of analysis of complexity device to adjust the control of buffering area.
Buffering area automatic adaptation cushion control module is by buffering area dynamics control unit, buffering area balance point control unit and adjust factor control unit and constitute, and its structure is as shown in Figure 2.The buffering area self-adaptive control module is by the full scale of monitoring vbv buffer, and the statistical data analysis of the complexity of all frames in time period in past is set some parameters of control vbv buffer, makes good use of vbv buffer to greatest extent to reach.As follows with regard to the setting division of buffering area adjustment dynamics s, buffering area balance point c and buffering area adjustment factor k below:
A) buffering area is adjusted the setting of dynamics
Buffering area dynamics controll block has two input signals, and current full scale of buffering area and buffering area current goal balance point, these two signals are all from the output of vbv buffer model; The buffering area dynamics is adjusted piece an output signal, and the adjustment dynamics is adjusted dynamics s according to the proportionate relationship of buffering area current goal balance point and buffer fullness, and made s not exceed the maximum adjustment dynamics upper limit, can use following formula to go to calculate:
S=min (max (balance_point, buffer_fullness)/min (balance_point, buffer_fullness), 3) wherein balance_point be buffering area current goal balance point, buffer_fullness is the current full scale of buffering area.Wherein min and max function are asked middle minimum of two input values and maximum function respectively.
B) determining of buffering area balance point:
Buffering area balance point controll block has three input signals, buffering area current goal balance point, complexity analyzing result and time supplementary, complexity analyzing result wherein and time auxiliary signal are vector signals, complexity analyzing result comprises that the analysis result of complexity of all frames in certain time period in the past is (in the computing formula that we provide, the value that we get is 10 seconds, but be not limited to 10 seconds these specific values), the time supplementary comprises the buffering area target balance point of t sometime in the future and to the time length of future time t.Buffering area balance point controll block has an output signal, the buffering area balance point, and this is a scalar, it calculates in two steps:
Step 1: calculate target balance point increment
The current goal balance point according to and the target balance point of future tense punctum t between difference do linear increment in time or successively decrease, can use following formula to go to calculate.
Delta=(Future_balance_point-Balance_point)/Distance_to_Future_point;
Balance_point+=Delta;
Wherein Future_balance_point is the default target balance point of future time t.Such as be periodic GOP insertion point or precognition future the INTRA frame the default target balance point in insertion point; Balance_point is a buffering area current goal balance point, and Distance_to_Future_point is a current point in time between the time point in the future being the time length of unit of account with the frame per second.When being INTRA frame target setting balance point, can make with the following method:
Future_balance_point=0.9*B-surgeMagnitude; Wherein
Figure GSB00000283009600081
Just pass by the bit number mean value of all INTRA frames.
Step 2: after balance point calculates, adjust with following formula again:
balance_point*=Clip(C_2s/C_10s,0.9,1.1);
c=Balance_point/B-0.5;
Wherein C_2s is the sliding average of the complexity of the frame in 2 seconds in the past, and C_10s is the sliding average of the complexity of the frame in 10 seconds in the past.
C) buffering area is adjusted determining of the factor:
Buffering area is adjusted factor control module has three input signals, an output signal.Its output is exactly that buffering area is adjusted factor k, and three input signals are respectively the current full scale B of buffering area (n), buffering area control dynamics s and buffering area target balance point c.The computing formula that buffering area is adjusted factor k is as follows:
Figure DEST_PATH_GSB00000327277000031
Wherein-and 0.5c0.5, s1
As B (n)=(c+0.5) B, k=1.Balance point is (c+0.5) B.When the full scale of buffering area departed from balance point, the adjustment dynamics was s.When
B(n)=(c+0)B,k=s
B(n)=(c+0.5)B,k=1
B(n)=(c+1)B,k=1/s

Claims (4)

1. the virtual buffering region self-adaptation control method in the Rate Control, analysis of complexity device module is analyzed the encoder complexity of residual error, send the encoder complexity analysis result to code check quantitative model R-Q, code check quantitative model R-Q calculates quantization parameter QP and is sent to the QP limiter block according to the encoder complexity of basic coding unit and the bit number of basic coding elementary layer Rate Control module assignment, the QP limiter block limits and is sent to the quantizing encoder module according to this quantization parameter QP, the quantizing encoder module quantizes residual error with quantization parameter QP and carries out waiting for outputing in the channel in the input virtual buffering region after the variable-length encoding and go, it is characterized in that being provided with a buffering area self-adaptive control module, the complexity information A of relevant statistical analysis to frame level encoder complexity in a period of time in the past in the above-mentioned complexity analyzing result is sent to the buffering area self-adaptive control module, complexity information D to the encoder complexity analysis of the current basic coding unit that will encode is sent to code check quantitative model R-Q, the buffering area self-adaptive control module is according to described complexity information A, the current full scale of time supplementary and virtual buffering region and current input target balance point c feed back the current export target balance point of this buffering area c ' to virtual buffering region, transmit buffering area to the frame level bit-rate control module and adjust factor k, GOP layer bit rate controller module is that current GOP distributes a GOP level target bit and sends the frame level bit-rate control module to according to average criterion code check and virtual buffering region to the current full scale signal of this buffering area of GOP layer bit rate controller module transmission, the frame level bit-rate control module is that present frame distributes a frame level target bit, use adjustment factor k to adjust and send to basic coding elementary layer Rate Control module again by the output of buffering area self-adaptive control module, basic coding elementary layer Rate Control module is determined a basic coding cell level target bit, and basic coding cell level target bit exported to code check quantitative model R-Q, so that code check quantitative model R-Q carries out the calculating of above-mentioned quantization parameter QP.
2. the self-adaptation control method of the virtual buffering region in the Rate Control according to claim 1 is characterized in that the buffering area self-adaptive control module comprises buffering area dynamics control unit, buffering area balance point control unit and adjusts factor control unit,
The signal of the current input target of described buffering area balance point c and buffer fullness is by the input input of buffering area dynamics control unit, proportionate relationship according to the current input target of buffering area balance point c and buffer fullness is adjusted dynamics s, and makes s not exceed the maximum adjustment dynamics upper limit;
The current input target of described buffering area balance point c, described complexity information A and described time supplementary are by the input input of buffering area balance point control unit, by the balance point increment relation of setting the current export target balance point of buffering area c ' is regulated by the relation of setting, and export the current export target balance point of this buffering area c ';
Described current full scale signal, described output buffer adjust dynamics s and the current input target of buffering area balance point c is imported by the input of adjusting factor control unit, and obtains adjusting factor k according to the relation of setting, and output is exported this adjustment factor k.
3. the self-adaptation control method of the virtual buffering region in the Rate Control according to claim 2 is characterized in that described adjustment dynamics s is set at:
s=min(max(balance_point,buffer_fullness)/min(balance_point,buffer_fullness),3)
Wherein balance_point is the current input target of buffering area balance point c, and buffer_fullness is the current full scale of buffering area, and wherein min and max function are asked middle minimum of two input values and maximum function respectively.
4. the self-adaptation control method of the virtual buffering region in the Rate Control according to claim 2 is characterized in that described current export target balance point c ' determines as follows:
A) calculate current export target balance point c ' increment
Current input target balance point c according to and the target balance point of future tense punctum t between difference do linear increment in time or successively decrease, use following formula to go to calculate;
Delta=(Future_balance_point-balance_point)/Distance_to_Future_point;
balance_point+=Delta;
Wherein Future_balance_point is the default target balance point of future time t, balance_point is the current input target of buffering area balance point c, Distance_to_Future_point is a current point in time between the time point in the future being the time length of unit of account with the frame per second, when the target balance point of presetting for INTRA frame setting future time t, make with the following method:
Future_balance_point=0.9*B-surgeMagnitude; Wherein
Figure FSB00000487420700031
Just pass by the bit number mean value of all INTRA frames;
B) after balance_point calculates, adjust with following formula again:
balance_point*=Clip(C_2s/C_10s,0.9,1.1);
c′=balance_point/B-0.5;
Wherein C_2s is the sliding average of the complexity of the frame in 2 seconds in the past, and C_10s is the sliding average of the complexity of the frame in 10 seconds in the past, and B is a buffer size.
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