CN101566102B - Rotary catalytic regenerative gas turbine power generation device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a power generator of a rotary-catalytic regenerative-type gas turbine in the technical field of thermal power generation. The power generator comprises an air filter, a centrifugal air compressor, a rotary catalytic regenerator, a radial inflow turbine, a reduction gear box, a generator, a starting fuel valve, a starting combustion chamber and a plurality of couplings. Thepower generator does not need ignition combustion, adopts the centrifugal air compressor and the radial inflow turbine to sufficiently recover and utilize low calorific value fuel in the way of catal ytic combustion, and eases a part of energy crisis as far as possible during reducing the environmental pollution, and the whole process is simple, clean, environment friendly, safe and reliable.

Description

Rotary catalytic regenerative gas turbine power generation device

technical field

The invention relates to a device in the technical field of gas turbines, in particular to a rotary catalytic recuperation type gas turbine power generation device.

Background technique

The calorific value of low-calorific gas is less than 5MJ/Nm3, with a wide variety and a huge amount, including mine ventilation gas, some coalbed methane and biomass gas, and by-products with very low methane (CH4) concentrations in steel and chemical industries Gas, a large part of which is ultra-low calorific value gas less than 2MJ/Nm3, and the concentration of methane (CH4) is only 0.5% to 5%. Due to the low concentration of methane, it cannot be ignited and burned by conventional methods, and it is quite difficult to use it in practice. Most of the ultra-low calorific value fuels are discarded, and the waste of energy is astonishing. The total amount of methane emitted into the atmosphere by coal mining and iron and steel smelting in the world every year is 25 million tons, which is equivalent to 60% of the total original energy of coal mines. With the increase of output of coal and steel products, methane emissions are expected to increase to 28 million tons by 2010, 70% of which will come from ultra-low calorific value gas.

On the other hand, since the Global Warming Potential (GWP) of methane is 24.5 times that of CO2, the global greenhouse effect caused by methane gas accounts for 17% of all greenhouse gases, second only to CO2 Two, so the emitted methane seriously exacerbates the greenhouse gas effect.

At present, the research technology and application of ultra-low concentration gas are mainly divided into two categories: one is used as auxiliary fuel or combustion-supporting air; combustion air.

Northwest Fuel Development of the United States researched and developed small (250KW) natural gas gas turbines around 1995, using ultra-low concentration gas as combustion-supporting air to generate electricity. Around 2000, Australia's Commonwealth Research Institute CSIRO and Energy Development Limited researched and developed gas turbine technology using coal mine ventilation gas as ultra-low concentration gas, using external burner technology. In recent years, the United States Flex~Energy Company and Capstone Gas Turbine Company have jointly researched and developed micro-gas turbines, using coal mine ventilation gas with a methane concentration of 1%, and the unit capacity is greater than 100KW. Ingersol-Rand Corporation of the United States is also actively researching low calorific value gas turbine technology and has applied for a patent. Its design methane concentration is 0.8%, and its power is greater than 250KW.

The use of ultra-low concentration gas as combustion-supporting air for power generation in my country has been relatively mature, but there are few literatures and materials on the power system of ultra-low calorific value gas as the main fuel. The regenerative small gas turbine invented by the China Aviation Power Machinery Research Institute uses a corrugated plate heat exchanger for heat exchange, with a large heat transfer area per unit volume, small flow loss, and a heat recovery efficiency of 0.7 to 0.95; the thermal efficiency of the small gas turbine can reach 35 ~50%. The No. 703 Research Institute of China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation invented a wet compression-regeneration cycle gas turbine. The regenerator is a surface heat exchanger. The high temperature side is connected to the turbine exhaust, and the low temperature side is connected to the centrifugal compressor. The outlet gas can improve the thermal efficiency index by about 43% to 52% compared with the simple cycle gas turbine.

Contents of the invention

The present invention aims at the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, and provides a rotary catalytic recuperation type gas turbine power generation device, which does not require ignition and combustion, and uses a centrifugal compressor and a centripetal turbine through catalytic combustion to fully recover and utilize low calorific value fuels. , while reducing environmental pollution, alleviate part of the energy crisis as much as possible, and the whole process is simple, clean, environmentally friendly, safe and reliable.

The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions, the present invention includes: air filter, centrifugal compressor, rotary catalytic regenerator, centripetal turbine, reduction gear box, generator, starting fuel valve, starting combustion chamber and several Coupling, wherein: the output port of the air filter is connected to the centrifugal compressor, the outlet of the centrifugal compressor is connected to the cold fluid inlet of the rotary catalytic regenerator, the cold fluid outlet of the rotary catalytic regenerator is connected to the turbine, and the outlet of the turbine is connected to The hot fluid inlet of the rotary catalytic regenerator, the output shaft of the centrifugal compressor are connected with the reduction gear box through the coupling, the reduction gear box is connected with the generator shaft through the coupling, and the reduction gear box and the centrifugal compressor pass through Coupling connection, the inlet of the starting fuel valve is connected with the starting fuel source through pipelines, the outlet of the starting fuel valve is connected with the inlet of the starting combustion chamber through pipelines, the outlet of the starting combustion chamber is connected with the gas inlet pipe of the rotary catalytic regenerator through pipelines connect.

The centrifugal compressor and the centripetal turbine are arranged coaxially and have the same rotational speed, and the rotational speed is between 6,000 and 60,000 rpm;

The compression ratio of the centrifugal compressor is between 2 and 5;

The expansion ratio of the centripetal turbine is between 2 and 5;

The speed ratio of the reduction gear box is 2-10.

The rotary catalytic regenerator includes: a honeycomb regenerator, a left cover plate, a right cover plate, a gas inlet pipe, a gas outlet pipe, a flue gas inlet pipe and a flue gas outlet pipe, wherein: the gas inlet pipe and the flue gas outlet pipe are welded The gas outlet pipe and the flue gas inlet pipe are connected to the right cover plate by welding. The honeycomb heat storage body is between the left cover plate and the right cover plate. The honeycomb heat storage body can rotate. There is a catalyst on the surface of the section, which not only heats the low-concentration gas but also performs catalytic combustion. The left cover plate, the right cover plate and the shell are connected through flanges.

The mass flow rate of the rotary catalytic regenerator is 0.3-30Kg/S, the maximum intake pressure is 4.0bar, the gas content of low calorific value can be used between 0.5% and 5%, and the calorific value of fuel is about 0.3-2MJ/ ^NM3 Low-concentration methane fuel between.

In the present invention, the mixed gas of gas and air enters the centrifugal compressor through the air filter to remove impurities, increases the pressure in the centrifugal compressor, heats it with high-temperature waste heat in the rotary catalytic regenerator, and carries out catalytic combustion, and the high-temperature and high-pressure gas is then pushed to the The radial turbine rotates at a high speed, and the shaft of the radial turbine is connected to the reduction gearbox through a coupling. After being decelerated by the reduction gearbox, it drives the generator set to output electric power. The flue gas discharged from the outlet of the centripetal turbine has a relatively high temperature and enters the rotary catalytic regenerator. In the rotary catalytic regenerator, the low calorific value gas pressurized by the centrifugal compressor is heated, and finally discharged into the atmosphere. The rotary catalytic regenerator not only has the function of heating low-concentration gas, but also has the function of catalytic combustion of low calorific value fuel. The low-concentration gas entering the catalytic regenerator is first heated to the catalytic combustion ignition temperature in the front section of the honeycomb regenerator, and then enters the rear section of the honeycomb regenerator for catalytic combustion. After a period of time, the honeycomb regenerator rotates at a certain angle , and then repeat the next round of work. During the entire cycle, low-concentration gas continuously enters the air filter, and at the same time, the system continuously outputs electric energy to users, thereby realizing the use of low-concentration gas to generate electricity.

The gas turbine of the present invention can utilize low-concentration methane fuel with a low calorific value gas content of 0.5% to 5% and a fuel calorific value of about 0.3 to 2MJ/NM3. The effective power that can be realized by the entire unit can range from tens of kilowatts to Thousands of kilowatts.

Take a 100KW rotary catalytic recuperation gas turbine with 1.5% methane concentration as an example. The ratio is between 2 and 5, the speed ratio of the reduction gearbox is 2 to 10, the mass flow rate of the rotary catalytic regenerative type is 0.3 to 30Kg/S, and the maximum intake pressure is 4.0bar.

The present invention can adopt following implementation steps to realize effect:

1. Ultra-low calorific value gas with 1.5% methane concentration passes through the air filter to remove dust, etc., the temperature is 300K, and an atmospheric pressure (1.0bar) enters the centrifugal compressor.

2. The low calorific value gas is compressed to about 3.0bar in the centrifugal compressor, the temperature rises to about 420K, and enters the rotary catalytic regenerator.

3. The gas exchanges heat in the honeycomb heat storage body, heats up to the temperature required for the catalytic reaction to about 750K, and then enters the honeycomb heat storage body for catalytic combustion in the rear section, and the temperature rises to about 1150K. Due to the pressure loss of about 0.01bar, the working The pressure drops slightly.

4. The high-temperature and high-pressure gas working medium from the rotary catalytic regenerator enters the centripetal turbine to push the centripetal turbine to do work. After the gas expands in the centripetal turbine and does work, the temperature drops to about 880K, and the pressure is about 1 atmospheric pressure.

5. Reuse the high-temperature exhaust gas to return to the rotary catalytic regenerator to heat the new gas with a methane concentration of 1.5%, and finally the temperature of the exhaust gas discharged into the atmosphere is about 500K.

6. The rotary catalytic regenerator not only heats low-concentration gas but also performs catalytic combustion. After a period of time, the honeycomb regenerator rotates at a certain angle, and then repeats the next round of work.

The present invention adopts low calorific value fuels including wellhead associated gas, coal bed methane, water gas, biogas or steel, chemical industry, mineral fuel and other production processes, all of which can be recovered and fully utilized through catalytic combustion. The effective power that can be achieved by the whole system can range from tens of kilowatts to thousands of kilowatts.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of rotary catalytic recuperation gas turbine system;

In the figure: centrifugal compressor 1, centripetal turbine 2, rotary catalytic regenerator 3, generator 4, reduction gearbox 5, starting combustion chamber 6, power control cabinet 7, air filter 8, first coupling 9. The second coupling 10, the starting fuel valve 11, the first bearing 12, and the second bearing 13;

Fig. 2 schematic diagram of rotary catalytic regenerator;

In the figure: honeycomb regenerator 14, left cover plate 15, right cover plate 16, gas inlet pipe 17, gas outlet pipe 18, flue gas inlet pipe 19, flue gas outlet pipe 20.

Detailed ways

The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. This embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and detailed implementation methods and specific operating procedures are provided, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following implementation example.

As shown in Figure 1, the rotary catalytic recuperation gas turbine system includes: a centrifugal compressor 1, a centripetal turbine 2, a rotary catalytic recuperator 3, a generator 4, a reduction gearbox 5, a starting combustion chamber 6, Power control cabinet 7, air filter 8, first coupling 9, second coupling 10, starting fuel valve 11, first bearing 12, second bearing 13, honeycomb heat storage body 14, left cover plate 15, Right cover plate 16, gas inlet pipe 17, gas outflow pipe 18, flue gas inlet pipe 19 and flue gas outflow pipe 20, wherein: the generator 4 shaft is connected to the low-speed shaft of the reduction gear box 5 through the second coupling 10; The high-speed shaft of the reduction gearbox 5 is connected to the shaft of the centrifugal compressor 1 through the first coupling 9; the centrifugal compressor 1 and the centripetal turbine 2 share the same shaft and are supported by the first bearing 12 and the second bearing 13. The inlet of the air filter 8 is connected to the low calorific value gas source through a pipeline, and the outlet of the filter 8 is connected to the inlet of the centrifugal compressor 1 through a pipeline; there is no position limitation between the centrifugal compressor 1 and the rotary catalytic regenerator 3, and the outlet of the centrifugal compressor 1 It is connected with the gas inlet pipe 17 of the rotary catalytic regenerator 3 through pipelines; there is a honeycomb regenerator 14 in the rotary catalytic regenerator 3, and there is a catalyst on the surface of the honeycomb regenerator in the rear section, which rotates at a certain angle after a period of time; the rotary catalytic regenerator There is no position limitation between the heater 3 and the centripetal turbine 2. The gas outflow pipe 18 of the rotary catalytic regenerator 3 is connected to the inlet of the centripetal turbine 2 through pipelines; while the outlet of the centripetal turbine 2 is connected to the rotary regenerator The flue gas entering pipe 19 of 3 is connected by pipeline; the inlet of starting fuel valve 11 is connected with the source of starting fuel through pipeline, and the outlet of starting fuel valve 11 is connected with the inlet of starting combustion chamber 6 through pipeline; the outlet of starting combustion chamber 6 is connected with the rotating catalytic combustion chamber The gas of 3 enters pipe 17 and is connected by pipeline.

The centrifugal compressor 1 and the centripetal turbine 2 are arranged coaxially and have the same rotational speed, and the rotational speed is between 6000 and 60000 rpm;

The compression ratio of the centrifugal compressor 1 is between 2 and 5;

The expansion ratio of the centripetal turbine 2 is between 2 and 5;

The speed ratio of the reduction gear box 5 is 2-10.

As shown in Figure 2, the gas inlet pipe 17 and the flue gas outlet pipe 20 of the rotary catalytic regenerator 3 are connected to the left cover plate 15 by welding, and the gas outlet pipe 18 and the flue gas inlet pipe 19 are welded Connected to the right cover plate 16, between the left cover plate 15 and the right cover plate 16 is a honeycomb heat storage body 14, the honeycomb heat storage body 14 can rotate, and there is a catalyst on the surface layer of the rear section, which not only heats and catalyzes low-concentration gas combustion. The left cover plate 15, the right cover plate 16 are connected with the shell through flanges.

The mass flow rate of the rotary catalytic regenerator 3 is 0.3-30Kg/S, the maximum intake pressure is 4.0bar, the gas content of low calorific value can be used between 0.5% and 5%, and the calorific value of fuel is about 0.3-2MJ/NM3 Low-concentration methane fuel between.

As shown in Figure 1, the rotary catalytic recuperation gas turbine system is driven by the generator 4 (the generator 4 is used as a motor when starting) through the reduction gear box 5 to drive the centrifugal compressor 1 to a higher speed, and the low-heat gas filtered by the filter 8 After the gas is compressed in the centrifugal compressor 1, it enters the rotary catalytic regenerator 3. When the centrifugal compressor 1 reaches a certain speed, the starting fuel valve 11 is opened, the starting combustion chamber 6 is ignited, and the high-temperature gas enters the rotary catalytic regenerator 3, and the honeycomb regenerator 9 is heated to a certain temperature, and then the starting combustion chamber 6 is closed, and the generator 4 Switch from the motor mode to the generator mode, and the system enters normal operation. In the normal working state, the low calorific value gas exchanges heat with the high-temperature gas discharged from the centripetal turbine 2 in the rotary catalytic regenerator 3, absorbs a large amount of heat, and the temperature rises to the catalytic working temperature, and enters the catalytic combustion in the rear stage. Catalytic combustion is carried out in the combustion section, and then the high-temperature and high-pressure gas enters the radial turbine 2 to expand and perform work, and the rotational work output by the radial turbine 2 drives the generator 4 to generate electricity through the reduction gear box 5 . The power control cabinet 7 controls the rotation speed of the generator 4 (used as a motor when starting) when starting, and controls the generated power parameters and grid connection when generating power.

The ultra-low concentration gas enters the rotary catalytic regenerator 3, and is first heated to the catalytic combustion ignition temperature in the heat exchange section of the honeycomb regenerator 14, and then enters the catalytic combustion section to become high-temperature flue gas. When the honeycomb regenerator 14 is working turn.

The system described in this embodiment can use wellhead associated gas, coal bed methane, water gas, biogas or low calorific value fuels produced in the production process of steel, chemical industry, mineral fuel, etc., all of which can be recovered and fully utilized through catalytic combustion. The effective power that can be achieved by the whole system can range from tens of kilowatts to thousands of kilowatts.

Claims (6)

1. A rotary catalytic recuperation type gas turbine power generation device, characterized in that it includes: an air filter, a centrifugal compressor, a rotary catalytic recuperator, a centripetal turbine, a reduction gear box, a generator, a starting fuel valve, a starting The combustion chamber and several couplings, in which: the output port of the air filter is connected to the centrifugal compressor, the outlet of the centrifugal compressor is connected to the cold fluid inlet of the rotary catalytic regenerator, and the cold fluid outlet of the rotary catalytic regenerator is connected to the turbine, The outlet of the turbine is connected to the thermal fluid inlet of the rotary catalytic regenerator, the output shaft of the centrifugal compressor is connected to the reduction gearbox through a coupling, and the reduction gearbox is connected to the generator shaft through a coupling, and the reduction gearbox It is connected to the centrifugal compressor through a coupling, the inlet of the starting fuel valve is connected to the starting fuel source through pipelines, the outlet of the starting fuel valve is connected to the inlet of the starting combustion chamber through pipelines, and the outlet of the starting combustion chamber is connected to the rotary catalytic regenerator. The gas inlet pipe is connected by pipelines, and the rotary catalytic regenerator includes: a honeycomb regenerator, a left cover plate, a right cover plate, a gas inlet pipe, a gas outflow pipe, a flue gas inlet pipe and a flue gas outflow pipe, wherein: The gas inlet pipe and the flue gas outlet pipe are connected to the left cover, the gas outlet pipe and the flue gas inlet pipe are connected to the right cover, the honeycomb heat storage body is between the left cover plate and the right cover plate, behind the honeycomb heat storage body There is a catalyst on the surface of the section, and the left cover plate, the right cover plate and the shell are connected through flanges. 2. The rotary catalytic recuperation type gas turbine power generation device according to claim 1, characterized in that the centrifugal compressor and the centripetal turbine are arranged coaxially, with the same rotational speed, and the rotational speed is 6,000 to 60,000 revolutions / min. 3. The rotary catalytic recuperation type gas turbine power generation device according to claim 1, characterized in that the compression ratio of the centrifugal compressor is between 2 and 5. 4. The rotary catalytic recuperation type gas turbine power generation device according to claim 1, characterized in that the expansion ratio of the centripetal turbine is between 2 and 5. 5 . The rotary catalytic recuperation type gas turbine power generation device according to claim 1 , wherein the speed ratio of the reduction gear box is 2-10. 6 . 6. The rotary catalytic recuperator gas turbine power generation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, the mass flow rate of the rotary catalytic recuperator is 0.3-30Kg/S, and the maximum inlet pressure is 4.0bar.

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