CN101557606A - Media access control (MAC) method applicable to wireless sensor network - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a media access control (MAC) method applicable to wireless sensor network, which can adjust the sending process according to the characteristic that the data traffic of the node is time-varying in the specific application of the wireless sensor network. The MAC method comprises the following steps: estimating the current data traffic intensity by measuring the time intervals of data packet arrivals, and adopting a filter to reduce the interference in the measurement; carrying out the self-adaptive control by detecting the queue length of the current data packet of the node, if the queue length of the data packet is larger than 1, batch-sending the data packets in the queue in a burst-transmission manner so as to reduce delay and energy consumption, and if not, judging by the currently measured data traffic; and if the current data traffic value is smaller than the given threshold, enabling the low-traffic self-adaptive mechanism, and if not, removing unnecessary wake-up cycles by the node. The method dispenses with the on-line adjustment of the cycle and the duty cycle of the protocol, avoids the problem of the difficult synchronization between nodes and effectively solves the major problems of the synchronization and the data traffic self-adaption in the existing wireless sensor network.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of wireless, particularly wireless sensor network protocols design field specifically provides the media access control (MAC) method applicable of the adaptive-flow that is used for wireless sensor network.
Background technology
In wireless sensor network, node generally adopts powered battery and its capacity less, and node is distributed in behind the actual applied environment that battery is difficult to change or replacement cost is very high, so energy efficiency is the emphasis that the wireless sensor network protocols design is considered.In many applications such as fire detection etc., node need in time send to the data that collect the sink node and take measures necessary to reduce loss, and require very high this time of delay to design of protocol.
At present in the design of wireless sensor network MAC agreement, the general employing of node periodically intercept with sleep scheduling to cut down the consumption of energy, most representative is the S-MAC agreement that Ye Wei proposes, it is the earliest by list of references " An Energy-Efficient MAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks " (W.Ye, J.Heidemann, and D.Estrin, IEEE INFOCOM, June 2002) propose.The S-MAC agreement is moved according to periodic manner, the one-period of agreement is divided into listen period and two parts of sleep period, listen period wherein is divided into synchronous phase and data phase again, the ratio of time of intercept and whole Cycle Length is a duty ratio, and Cycle Length and duty ratio are all fixing in the agreement running.Node wakes up between listen period and carries out data communication, enters sleep state to reduce power consumption between sleep period.Be correctly to communicate by letter between the assurance node, design of protocol adopts synchronous mechanism regularly, makes by periodicity reception and forwarding sync packet to form the consistent sleep scheduling of intercepting between the node, thereby can correctly communicate by letter between the assurance node.
But in the wireless sensor network of reality was used, the performance of above-mentioned traditional MAC agreement was very limited, its former because: the 1. frequent conversion of the data traffic of actual wireless sensor network nodes, and be irregular under a lot of situation or rule can not be followed.Adopt the method for fixed cycle and duty ratio, when data traffic is big, cause that easily buffering area overflows packet loss, and data traffic is little the time, unnecessary wakeup process consumes energy, thus make protocol capabilities low.2. keeping between sensor network nodes is a complex process synchronously, because sensor node need be intercepted a period of time, receive the scheduling that oneself is set after the sync packet, transmit sync packet then, finally make the whole network form consistent scheduling, this is the process of the consumes energy that expends time in.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem: the present invention is for solving above-mentioned problems of the prior art, proposition is used for the media access control (MAC) method applicable of wireless sensor network, this method makes that node can the performance of fine lifting agreement under the variable data flow condition, thereby and does not need online regulating cycle and duty ratio to avoid synchronous difficult problem.
Technical scheme: the media access control (MAC) method applicable that is used for wireless sensor network of the present invention is used to solve the low problem of protocol capabilities under the node data changes in flow rate environment.Node carries out the self adaptation adjusting by measuring current data traffic and data packet buffer queue length, when data traffic is bigger, adopt the high flow capacity adaptation mechanism, when data traffic is smaller, adopt the low discharge adaptation mechanism, thereby effectively improve the energy consumption of agreement under the changes in flow rate condition, the performance of aspects such as delay.The concrete grammar that data traffic is measured is: the time that node continuously record data bag arrives, as the current data traffic that measures, then the data traffic of Ce Lianging can be expressed as: l with the inverse of two data inter-packet gaps arriving continuously
K+1=1/ (t
K+1-t
k), t wherein
k, t
K+1Represent the moment that moment that previous packet is received and current data packet are received respectively, measurement result is eliminated to measure by low pass filter and is disturbed.
Node is by detecting current data buffering area queue length N
CurCarry out self adaptation and regulate, work as N
Cur＞1 o'clock, enable the high flow capacity adaptation mechanism, work as N
Cur≤ 1 and the current data traffic L that measures
kEnable the low discharge adaptation mechanism during＜β, each mode that sends a packet communicates in traditional MAC agreement otherwise adopt.β wherein is a pre-set threshold.
The media access control (MAC) method applicable of adaptive-flow in the wireless sensor network of the present invention, its high flow capacity adaptation mechanism adopt burst mode to send packet, and node is at first determined the number of data packets N of this burst transfer
Bst, method is: preestablish the maximum burst transfer time T that allows
MaxAnd calculate the maximum bag number N that sends of allowing of burst transfer with this
Max, node at first detects current data buffering area queue length N before sending data
CurIf, N
Cur〉=N
Max, N then
Bst=N
Max, N else if
Cur＜N
Max, N then
Bst=N
CurDuring data, adopt the carrier sense mode to send request then and send bag-RTS and wrap and carry out channel booking, in case preengage successfully then pass through RTS/CTS/DATA1/DATA2/.../DATAN
BstThe burst mode of/ACK once sends a plurality of packets, and promptly sending node at first sends RTS and wraps to receiving node, and after receiving that permission that receiving node is replied sends bag-CTS, sending node sends N continuously
BstIndividual packet-DATA gives receiving node, finishes this transmission after receiving affirmation bag-ACK that receiving node replys at last.
If the time of burst transfer surpasses the Cycle Length of agreement operation then node continues to send data till this burst transfer is finished.All comprise from this in each controlling packet in the burst transfer series and the packet and be sent completely the needed time.Other non-destination nodes listen to any one bag in this burst packets sequence, then upgrade its network allocation vector NAV and go forward side by side into sleep to cut down the consumption of energy.
The media access control (MAC) method applicable of adaptive-flow in the wireless sensor network of the present invention, when its high flow capacity adaptation mechanism is worked under the error code channel condition, in case detect in the burst burst transfer series bag is arranged since channel error code and destroyed, then node continues the remaining packet of transmission till this burst transfers of data is finished.Ruined packet will retransmit in the burst transfer series of next time.If there is two or more next bar neighbor node in present node, then present node reschedules the packet that is deposited in the data buffer zone, the data packet dispatching that sends to same destination address is become a series, make when sending packet, only comprise the packet that sends to same destination address in each burst transfer series.
The media access control (MAC) method applicable of adaptive-flow in the wireless sensor network of the present invention, its low discharge adaptive strategy is: sending node obtains the address of node of next clauses and subclauses by the corresponding field that detects current packet to be sent, make up one then and invite to send bag (ITS) and adopt the carrier sense mode to send this ITS at synchronous phase and wrap to destination node, destination node receives ITS bag back and replys one and agree to send bag (ATS) and confirm this communication.Sending node and receiving node adopt packet/affirmation packet mode directly to carry out data communication and do not adopt carrier sense during data, and renewal NAV went forward side by side into sleep to reduce power consumption after other neighbor nodes received ITS or ATS.
When node does not have the packets need transmission and do not receive that the ITS bag then removes time of intercept remaining in this cycle to reduce power consumption.Set a threshold value θ simultaneously, when node experienced θ cycle still free of data or controlling packet send or receive, then node wakes the control or the packet that may send to oneself to intercept up.If receiving node detects at sync period that conflict takes place then keeps waking the message that may arrive to intercept up during DATA,, sending node sends if detecting that conflict takes place then adopt traditional carrier sense mode to carry out data during the data in this cycle at sync period.Avoid because node sleep causes error of transmission.
Beneficial effect: the media access control (MAC) method applicable of adaptive-flow in the wireless sensor network of the present invention, by the data traffic and the data buffer zone queue length of real-time measured node, and carry out adaptive-flow based on measured value and regulate.When data traffic is bigger, can reduce time of delay and power consumption that packet sends to a great extent, and can pile up and the packet loss problem by fine alleviation buffering area.When data traffic is smaller, by removing the energy consumption that unnecessary listen period reduces node, and can obviously not influence the delay performance of agreement.Method in also inventing does not in addition need to regulate the cycle and the duty ratio of agreement, and the method that makes is implemented fairly simple and can not be caused synchronous difficult problem.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the media access control (MAC) method applicable general illustration of adaptive-flow of the present invention,
Fig. 2 is the burst transfer operation chart of high flow capacity adaptation mechanism among the present invention,
Fig. 3 is the selective wake-up operation chart of low discharge adaptation mechanism among the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and concrete embodiment technical scheme of the present invention is further specified.
The media access control (MAC) method applicable of adaptive-flow in the wireless sensor network of the present invention, its overall operation process as shown in Figure 1, node is by detecting current data buffering area queue length N
CurCarry out self adaptation and regulate, work as N
Cur＞1 o'clock, enable the high flow capacity adaptation mechanism, work as N
Cur≤ 1 and the current data traffic L that measures
kEnable the low discharge adaptation mechanism during＜β, each mode that sends a packet communicates in traditional MAC agreement otherwise adopt.β wherein is a pre-set threshold, and its value is determined according to concrete network condition.
The concrete grammar that data traffic is measured is: the time that node continuously record data bag arrives, as the current data traffic that measures, then the data traffic of Ce Lianging can be expressed as with the inverse in two packet time intervals arriving continuously:
l
k+1＝1/(t
k+1-t
k) (1)
T wherein
k, t
K+1Represent the moment that moment that previous packet is received and current data packet are received respectively, owing to have random disturbances in the measuring process, measure interference so eliminate by a low pass filter, concrete grammar is: make L
K-1For eliminate the last secondary data flow value after disturbing, L through filter
CurBe the data flow value that current direct estimation obtains, the data flow value computing formula that obtains after then this process filter elimination is disturbed is:
L
k＝αL
k-1+(1-α)L
cur (2)
The burst transfer mode of the high flow capacity adaptation mechanism among the present invention as shown in Figure 2, if a node wishes to send packet next jumping destination node to him, then at first during data, send the RTS bag, wherein comprised the number of data packets N of this burst transfer by the carrier sense mode
Bst, from information such as time that this burst transfer finishes and next bar node addresss.Next jumping destination node receives CTS bag of this RTS bag back answer and carries out acknowledge, and RTS wraps or the CTS bag if other neighbor node listens to, and the NAV that then upgrades oneself goes forward side by side into sleep with the reduction power consumption.This moment, sending node sent N continuously
BstIndividual packet is jumped destination node to next, and next jumping destination node is replied an ACK bag and confirmed after receiving packet.The concrete establishing method of inter-packet gap in burst transfer sequence size and 802.11 similar.If the time of burst parameter surpasses the Cycle Length of agreement itself, then transmission course can be proceeded till this transmission is finished, and can't interrupt because of surpassing one-period length.
The number of data packets N that a burst transfer wherein comprises
BstComputational methods are: correct the maximum time that allows be respectively T when synchronous if satisfy under the fairness condition and keep
fAnd T
s, the then maximum burst transmission time T that allows
MaxCan be expressed as:
T
max＝min(T
f，T
s) (3)
According to the burst transfer time of maximum permission and the characteristics of burst transfer, suppose that data packet length is identical in the burst transmission system, then can calculate the maximum bag number N that allows transmission of burst transmission by following formula
Max
N
max＝[k×min(T
f，T
s)-L
RTS-L
CTS-L
ACK-
(4)
3k×SIFS+k×PIFS]/(L
DATA+k×PIFS)
L wherein
RTS, L
CTS, L
DATA, L
ACKBe respectively RTS, CTS, DATA, the length of ACK bag, and SIFS and PIFS are respectively controlling packet interval and packet interval, k is the data transmission speed.Node at first detects current data buffering area queue length N before sending data
CurIf, N
Cur＞N
Max, N then
Bst=N
Max, N else if
Cur＜N
Max, N then
Bst=N
Cur
When high flow capacity adaptation mechanism of the present invention is worked under the error code channel condition, bag is arranged because channel error code and destroyed in the burst transfer series in case detect, then node continues the remaining bag of transmission till this burst transfers of data is finished.Ruined packet will retransmit in the burst transfer series of next time.If there is two or more next bar neighbor node in present node, then node rearranges the bag in the current data buffering area, the data packet dispatching that sends to same destination address is become a series, make when sending packet, in each bursty data packet system, only comprise the packet that sends to same destination address.For example the bag number in the data buffer zone is 7, the sequence number of tentation data bag is respectively 1,2,3,4,5,6,7, wherein sequence number is that 1,4,5 packet comprises identical destination address, and being 2,3,6,7 packet, sequence number comprises the identical destination address of another one, then node rearranges these packets in the data buffering area before burst transfer, and order is 1,4,5,2,3,6,7.These packets will be sent out away in two burst transmission, and it is 1,4,5 packet that one of them burst transmission comprises sequence number, and it is 2,3,6,7 packet that another one burst transmission comprises sequence number.
The media access control (MAC) method applicable of adaptive-flow in the wireless sensor network of the present invention, its low discharge adaptive strategy adopt the mode of node selective wake-up to reduce power consumption as shown in Figure 3.Node 0 needs to send the next-hop node 3 of a packet to it among Fig. 3, then node 0 at first sends an ITS at synchronous phase and wraps neighbor node 3 to him, node 3 receives ITS bag back checks the domain of dependence in the bag confirms it oneself is destination node, then replys an ATS and wraps to node 0 and confirm.Because node 1 and node 2 confirm it oneself is not this destination node of communicating by letter by the ITS bag of receiving, then upgrade NAV and enter sleep ahead of time to reduce power consumption, wherein the length upgraded of NAV is the time span till send from this secondary data.Beginning at data phase, node 0 directly sends DATA and wraps to node 3, answer ACK bag was confirmed after node 3 was received the DATA bag then, then the transmission success between node 0 and the node 3 is finished, owing to carry out channel booking by carrier sense, so do not adopt carrier sense in the data communication process at synchronous phase.Because node 1 and node 2 have entered sleep state, these neighbor nodes can interfering nodes 0 and node 3 between communication.
When node does not have the packets need transmission and do not receive that the ITS bag then removes time of intercept remaining in this cycle to reduce power consumption.Set a threshold value θ simultaneously, when node experienced θ cycle still free of data or controlling packet send or receive, then node wakes the control or the packet that may send to oneself to intercept up.Because sending the ITS bag at synchronization node, node transmits request, and the periodic sync packet of node also sends at synchronous phase, all sync packet and sync packet, ITS and ITS might take place at sending node and receiving node then, and the conflict between sync packet and the ITS.Take place if receiving node detects conflict at sync period, then during DATA, keep waking the message that may arrive up, thereby avoid because node sleep causes error of transmission and reduce postponing to intercept.For sending node, if detect conflict then adopt conventional communication operational mode, promptly node adopts the RTS/CTS/DATA/ACK mode to communicate during data, and sending node wherein sends RTS by the carrier sense mode and wraps.
Claims (5)
1, a kind of media access control (MAC) method applicable that is used for wireless sensor network, it is characterized in that carrying out the adaptive-flow adjusting by real-time measured node current data traffic and data buffer zone queue length, when node buffering area queue length is enabled the high flow capacity adaptation mechanism greater than 1 the time, when the data buffer zone queue length smaller or equal to 1 and the current data flow enable the low discharge adaptive strategy during less than pre-set threshold, each mode that sends a packet communicates in traditional MAC agreement otherwise adopt.
2, the media access control (MAC) method applicable that is used for wireless sensor network according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the current data traffic method of described measured node is: the time that node continuously record data bag arrives, as the current data traffic that measures, its computational methods are expressed as l with the inverses of continuous two data inter-packet gap times
K+1=1/ (t
K+1-t
k), t wherein
k, t
K+1Represent the moment that moment that previous packet is received and current data packet are received respectively, measurement result is eliminated to measure by low pass filter and is disturbed.
3, the media access control (MAC) method applicable of adaptive-flow in the wireless sensor network according to claim 1 is characterized in that described high flow capacity adaptation mechanism is:
1. the packet number N that is comprised at first definite current burst transfer
Bst, then node passes through RTS/CTS/DATA1/DATA2/ ... / DATAN
BstThe mode of/ACK is once preengage and is sent a plurality of packets, all comprises from this in each controlling packet and the packet to be sent completely the needed time; Other non-destination nodes listen to any one bag in this burst packets sequence, then upgrade its network allocation vector-NAV and go forward side by side into sleep to reduce power consumption;
When 2. node is worked under the error code channel condition, the channel error code in case node detection has packet in the burst transfer series and destroyed, then continue the remaining packet of transmission till this burst transfers of data is finished, ruined packet will retransmit in the burst transfer of next time;
If 3. there is two or more next bar neighbor node in present node, then present node reschedules the packet that is deposited in the data buffer zone, the data packet dispatching that sends to same destination address is become a series, make when sending packet, only comprise the packet that sends to same destination address in each burst transfer series.
4, the media access control (MAC) method applicable that is used for wireless sensor network according to claim 3 is characterized in that the packet number N that is comprised in definite current burst transfer
BstMethod be: preestablish the maximum burst transfer time T that allows
MaxAnd calculate the maximum bag number N that sends of allowing of each burst transfer with this
Max, node at first detects current data buffering area queue length N before sending data
CurIf, N
Cur＞N
Max, N then
Bst=N
Max, N else if
Cur＜N
Max, N then
Bst=N
Cur
5, require the media access control (MAC) method applicable of adaptive-flow in the described wireless sensor network according to right 1, it is characterized in that described low discharge adaptive strategy is:
1. sending node obtains the address that next jumps destination node by the corresponding field that detects current packet to be sent, making up one then invite to send bag-ITS and sends ITS at synchronous phase by the carrier sense mode and wrap node to next clauses and subclauses, destination node receives one of ITS bag back answer and agrees that transmission bag-ATS confirms this communication process, transmit leg and recipient adopt packet/affirmation packet mode to carry out data communication during data, and the renewal network allocation vector was gone forward side by side into sleep to reduce power consumption after other non-destination nodes received ITS or ATS;
2. working as node does not have the packets need transmission and does not receive that the ITS bag then removes time of intercept remaining in this cycle with the reduction power consumption; Set a threshold value θ simultaneously, still do not have bag transmission or reception when node has experienced θ cycle, then node wakes the bag that may send to oneself to intercept up;
If 3. receiving node detects the conflict generation at sync period then keeps wake-up states to intercept the message that may arrive during data, if sending node detects at sync period that conflict takes place then adopts traditional carrier sense mode to carry out data communication during the data in this cycle, avoid because node sleep causes error of transmission.
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| CN111212482A (en) * | 2020-01-13 | 2020-05-29 | 普联技术有限公司 | Wireless communication control method, device, equipment and computer readable storage medium |
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