CN101532069A - 一种炼钢转炉烟气全干式净化回收利用的装置及工艺 - Google Patents
一种炼钢转炉烟气全干式净化回收利用的装置及工艺 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101532069A CN101532069A CN200910029462A CN200910029462A CN101532069A CN 101532069 A CN101532069 A CN 101532069A CN 200910029462 A CN200910029462 A CN 200910029462A CN 200910029462 A CN200910029462 A CN 200910029462A CN 101532069 A CN101532069 A CN 101532069A
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- flue gas
- sack cleaner
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- 239000003546 flue gases Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon monoxide Chemical compound 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- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron(III) oxide Chemical compound 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Abstract
本发明公开了一种炼钢转炉烟气全干式净化回收利用的装置，包括汽化冷却烟道、重力除尘器、余热锅炉、袋式除尘器、仓式泵、集中粉仓、压块装置、可调式引风机、煤气转换站和煤气柜；转炉与汽化冷却烟道、重力除尘器、余热锅炉、袋式除尘器、可调式引风机、煤气转换站顺序连接；重力除尘器、余热锅炉和袋式除尘器分别连接有仓式泵，所有仓式泵都与集中粉仓相连，集中粉仓再与压块装置相连；煤气转换站分别与烟囱和煤气柜连通。本发明还公开了利用上述装置的处理工艺。本发明的装置及工艺采用全干法降温、净化及灰粉成形回收，无耗水资源，烟气的物理能和化学能及含铁的灰粉都最大限度被利用，安全性能高、回收成本降低。
Description
一种炼钢转炉烟气全干式净化回收利用的装置及工艺
技术领域
本发明涉及炼钢转炉烟气净化回收利用的装置及工艺，尤其涉及一种炼钢转炉烟气 全干式净化回收利用的装置及工艺。
背景技术
国内炼钢转炉烟气的净化与回收方式有湿法、干湿法和干法三种形式。
1) 湿法烟气进入第一级净化设备就与水相遇，双文氏管净化即为湿法除尘系统。 最具代表性的湿法技术是1985年从引进日本OG法转炉煤气回收系统，转炉煤气
回收达到吨钢90m3/h，热值为8364kJ/m3 (2000kcal/m3)以上。由于整个净化系统中， 都是采用喷水方法来达到烟气降温和净化的目的，因此，烟气除尘效率不高 (100mg/Nm3)、补新水（0.5吨/吨钢）、处理污水与泥浆的能耗高（吨钢耗电15KWh)、 烟气在900-1000'C的显热没有得到回收利用；在日本20年前该技术就淘汰了，而在我 国绝大多数转炉除尘仍采用湿法。
2) 干湿结合法烟气进入次级净化设备与水相遇。此法除尘效率差、能耗较高。
3) 干法以德国为代表的干法流程，简称LT法，该系统的烟气次级冷却仍然采 用饱和冷却方法，仍然需要大量的循环水，从这个意义说，LT技术也不是纯干法。
电除尘器净化煤气存在安全性能不高、净化效果不稳定，其含尘浓度在 100mg/Nm3〜10mg/Nm3之间波动、设备结垢和腐蚀等多方面的问题，近几年随着国家 节能减排、节水力度加大，使得该技术的推广进展缓慢。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种利用的装置，以高效回收烟气的物理能和化 学能及金属氧化铁粉尘。
本发明还要解决的一个技术问题是提供利用上述装置对炼钢转炉烟气全干式净化 回收的工艺。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用的技术方案如下：
一种炼钢转炉烟气全干式净化回收利用的装置，该装置包括汽化冷却烟道、重力除 尘器、余热锅炉、袋式除尘器、仓式泵、集中粉仓、压块装置、可调式引风机、煤气转 换站和煤气柜；转炉与汽化冷却烟道、重力除尘器、余热锅炉、袋式除尘器、调式引风 机、煤气转换站顺序连接；重力除尘器、余热锅炉和袋式除尘器分别连接有仓式泵，所 有仓式泵都与集中粉仓相连，集中粉仓再与压块装置相连；煤气转换站分别与烟囱和煤气柜连通。
其中，所述的余热锅炉具有补燃装置，间歇提供燃料。
其中，所述的袋式除尘器的数量为3~5个，每个袋式除尘器的进出口设置切断阀， 采用并联方式连接。
其中，所述的仓式泵含有输粉管道。
其中，所述的集中粉仓含有尾气过滤装置，尾气直接外排。
利用上述装置对炼钢转炉烟气全千式净化回收利用的工艺，将转炉产生的高温烟气 经汽化冷却烟道冷却至800〜90(TC，汽化冷却烟道吸收烟气的潜热会产生蒸汽，蒸汽回 收；再利用重力除尘器对烟气进行粗过滤，使含尘量降低至20g/Ni^以下；再利用余热 锅炉将烟气温度降至150〜20(TC，余热锅炉吸收了烟气的显热，并产生蒸汽，蒸汽回收， 该换热装置需要间断补充燃气，解决锅炉内急冷急热造成的设备热膨冷縮问题；然后经 袋式除尘器精过滤，使含尘量降低至5mg/Nm3以下；经可调式引风机输送至煤气切换 站，合格的煤气进入煤气柜存储，不合格的直接由烟囱排放；重力除尘器、余热锅炉和 袋式除尘器除下的干燥粉尘（主要是氧化铁）经仓式泵及输灰管道气力（氮气）输送至 集中粉仓，集中粉仓内含有过滤装置，尾气直接外排，且排放含尘浓度S20ng/m3，干燥 粉尘集中回收后再经压块装置将粉尘压块成形，回炉使用。
其中，所述的袋式除尘器的数量为3~5个，采用并联方式连接，每个袋式除尘器为 容器式，在各单元除尘器的进口和出口支管上设置切断阀、配置安全阀泄压、煤气置换 装置、消防措施、抗静电措施及紧急放散阀，任意一单元除尘器能从系统中快速隔离进 行在线检修，保证除尘器系统连续运行，袋除尘器滤袋耐高温^25(TC，过滤后煤气含尘 量^5mg/Nm3。
本发明的炼钢转炉烟气全干式净化回收利用的装置，其两级换热装置、重力除尘器、 脉冲袋除尘器在系统中的阻力损失较低，且稳定、波动小、可控制。因此，烟气在回收 过程中，容易实现炉口微压控制目的，使煤气的回收率提高、系统因吸入的空气量减少 安全性能提高；系统电耗接近"LD"干法，比"OG"水法要减少一半。本发明装置及方法 需要消耗氮气，用于袋式除尘器脉冲清灰（气源压力0.4MPa,耗量6m"min)、用于气力 输灰（气源压力0.6MPa，耗量5m"min)、用于该系统的煤气置换（在检修和事故状态下 使用；需要少量净煤气，用于次级换热锅炉的补燃（用量视转炉容量而定）；需要水源 用于消防；需要压縮空气用于气体置换。
有益效果：本发明炼钢转炉烟气全干式净化回收利用的装置及工艺采用全干法降 温、净化及灰粉成形回收，无耗水资源、烟气的物理能和化学能及含铁的灰粉都最大限 度被利用、高质量（含尘量低、含湿量小）的净煤气使其使用范围增加、安全性能高、回收成本降低。
附图说明
图1为本发明的炼钢转炉烟气全干式净化回收利用的装置示意图。其中，1为转炉， 2为汽化冷却烟道，3为重力除尘器，4为余热锅炉，5为袋式除尘器，6为仓式泵，7 为集中粉仓，8为压块装置，9为可调式引风机，10为煤气转换站，11为煤气柜，12 为烟囱。
具体实施方式：
根据下述实施例，可以更好地理解本发明。然而，本领域的技术人员容易理解，实 施例仅用于说明本发明，而不应当也不会限制权利要求书中所详细描述的本发明。
实施例1:
如图1所示， 一种炼钢转炉烟气全干式净化回收利用的装置，包括汽化冷却烟道2、
重力除尘器3、余热锅炉4 (具有补燃装置，间歇提供燃料)、三个袋式除尘器5 (每个 袋式除尘器的进出口设置切断阀）、仓式泵6 (含有输粉管道）、集中粉仓7 (含有尾气 过滤装置）、压块装置8、可调式引风机9、煤气转换站10和煤气柜11;转炉l与汽化 冷却烟道2、重力除尘器3、余热锅炉4、袋式除尘器5、可调式引风机9、煤气转换站 IO顺序连接；三个袋式除尘器采用并联方式连接于线路中，任意一个单元都可从系统中 快速隔离出来而不影响连续处理；5重力除尘器3、余热锅炉4和袋式除尘器5分别连 接有仓式泵6，所有仓式泵6都与集中粉仓7相连，集中粉仓7再与压块装置8相连； 煤气转换站10分别与烟囱12和煤气柜11连通。 上述各连接设备的型号和公司名：
江苏中金环保科技有限公司 江苏中金环保科技有限公司 江苏中金环保科技有限公司 上海麦考搏气力输送公司； 江苏中金环保科技有限公司
汽化冷却烟道: 重力除尘器：
QLYD-DN ZLC-Q ZLMQC CSB—DN JZFC-DN
袋式除尘器： 仓式泵： 集中粉仓： 实施例2:
在宝钢300吨转炉的炉口烟气1200'C经汽化冷却烟道冷却后，烟气温度下降至 900'C左右；在所有燃煤电站的锅炉烟气由IOOO'C多温度经蒸汽换热可降至180'C左右； 所有钢铁厂的高炉荒煤气经重力除尘器初始过滤后，入口浓度由150g/NmS降至10〜 20g/Nm〜高炉煤气袋式除尘处理进口浓度10〜20g/Nm3，经过滤后净煤气出口浓度 5mg/Nm3以下。
Claims (7)
1、一种炼钢转炉烟气全干式净化回收利用的装置，其特征在于该装置包括汽化冷却烟道(2)、重力除尘器(3)、余热锅炉(4)、袋式除尘器(5)、仓式泵(6)、集中粉仓(7)、压块装置(8)、可调式引风机(9)、煤气转换站(10)和煤气柜(11)；转炉(1)与汽化冷却烟道(2)、重力除尘器(3)、余热锅炉(4)、袋式除尘器(5)、可调式引风机(9)、煤气转换站(10)顺序连接；重力除尘器(3)、余热锅炉(4)和袋式除尘器(5)分别连接有仓式泵(6)，所有仓式泵(6)都与集中粉仓(7)相连，集中粉仓(7)再与压块装置(8)相连；煤气转换站(10)分别与烟囱(12)和煤气柜(11)连通。
2、 根据权利要求1所述的炼钢转炉烟气全干式净化回收利用的装置，其特征在于 所述的余热锅炉（4)具有补燃装置，间歇提供燃料。
3、 根据权利要求1所述的炼钢转炉烟气全干式净化回收利用的装置，其特征在于 所述的袋式除尘器（5)的数量为3~5个，每个袋式除尘器的进出口设置切断阀，采用 并联方式连接。
4、 根据权利要求1所述的炼钢转炉烟气全干式净化回收利用的装置，其特征在于 所述的仓式泵（6)含有输粉管道。
5、 根据权利要求1所述的炼钢转炉烟气全干式净化回收利用的装置，其特征在于 所述的集中粉仓（7)含有尾气过滤装置，尾气直接外排。
6、 利用权利要求1的装置对炼钢转炉烟气全干式净化回收利用的工艺，其特征在 于将转炉（1)产生的高温烟气经汽化冷却烟道（2)冷却至800〜90(TC，再利用重力除 尘器（3)对烟气进行粗过滤，使含尘量降低至20g/NmS以下，再利用余热锅炉（4)将 烟气温度降至150~200°C，然后经袋式除尘器（5)精过滤，使含尘量降低至5mg/Nm3 以下，经可调式引风机（9)输送至煤气切换站（10)，合格的煤气进入煤气柜（11)存 储，不合格的直接由烟囱（12)排放，重力除尘器（3)、余热锅炉（4)和袋式除尘器(5)除下的干燥粉尘经仓式泵（6)输送至集中粉仓（7)，集中回收后再经压块装置（8) 将粉尘压块成形，回炉使用。
7、 根据权利要求6所述的炼钢转炉烟气全干式净化回收利用的工艺，其特征在于 所述的袋式除尘器（5)的数量为3~5个，采用并联方式连接，任意一个袋式除尘器能 从系统中快速隔离进行在线检修。
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