CN101504556B - 大型空冷发电机空气温湿度复合控制系统 - Google Patents
大型空冷发电机空气温湿度复合控制系统 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101504556B CN101504556B CN2009100712109A CN200910071210A CN101504556B CN 101504556 B CN101504556 B CN 101504556B CN 2009100712109 A CN2009100712109 A CN 2009100712109A CN 200910071210 A CN200910071210 A CN 200910071210A CN 101504556 B CN101504556 B CN 101504556B
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O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Inorganic materials 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[Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Abstract
本发明的目的在于提供一种防止空气循环风道外部的潮湿空气返回并逐渐浸入空气循环风道内部，使发电机内部受潮而绝缘强度下降的大型空冷发电机空气温湿度复合控制系统。它是由传感器单元、智能控制单元和执行单元组成的；传感器单元连接智能控制单元，智能控制单元连接执行单元。所述的智能控制单元是由通讯单元、放大器单元、变换器单元、单片机、显示单元、键入单元和报警单元组成的；本发明一种大型空冷发电机空气温湿度复合控制系统，用于发电机停机时，防止空气循环风道外部的潮湿空气返回并逐渐浸入空气循环风道内部，使发电机内部受潮而绝缘强度下降，再次开机时很容易发生短路跳火而造成停机等重大生产事故。
Description
大型空冷发电机空气温湿度复合控制系统
(-)技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及空气温湿度控制技术，具体说就是一种大型空冷发电机空气温湿度复 合控制系统。
(二）背景技术
[0002] 大型空冷发电机的空冷系统是由发电机旋转风叶入风口、发电机内部（转子与 定子）循环冷却风道、发电机机座出风口、空气冷却器、补风口等组成的空气循环冷却系 统。工作过程是：发电机旋转风叶入风口的旋转风叶将低于40°C的冷风吹入发电机内部， 冷风沿着转子与定子的冷却风道流动，将热量从发电机机座出风口带出变成60°C —80°C 的热风，又经过空气冷却器降至低于40°C的冷风，然后与补风口进入的少量厂房空气 (200C —300C )混合，再以仍然低于40°C的冷风进入发电机旋转风叶入风口而吹入发电机 内部。发电机内部（转子与定子）循环冷却风道之外，由发电机机座出风口、空气冷却器、 补风口、发电机旋转风叶入风口形成发电机外部的空气循环风道（详见图1)。在发电机旋 转风叶的驱动下，空气循环风道与补风口外部厂房空间形成负压，所以厂房空气通过补风 口不断地进入空气循环风道内部，以补充空气循环冷却系统泻漏到空气循环风道外部的风 量（干燥空气外泄）。补风口处安装空气过滤箱，将厂房空气经除尘除湿后再补充进入空气 循环风道，以保证洁净干燥的空气进入发电机。空气循环风道内部压力与空气过滤箱外部 压力之差一般为-20KI^左右，这样即可以满足大型空冷发电机空冷过程所需的补风量。由 于空气循环风道内部温度高于空气循环风道外部温度（干燥空气外泄），发电机在不易受 潮的情况下正常运行。
[0003] 但是，当发电机停机时，发电机旋转风叶停止转动，空气循环停止，空气循环风道 内部温度逐渐下降，当空气循环风道内部温度等于或低于空气循环风道外部温度时，会出 现空气循环风道外部的潮湿空气返回并逐渐浸入空气循环风道内部的情况（潮湿空气返 回），使发电机内部受潮而绝缘强度下降，再次开机时很容易发生短路跳火而造成停机等重 大生产事故。
(三）发明内容
[0004] 本发明的目的在于提供一种防止空气循环风道外部的潮湿空气返回并逐渐浸入 空气循环风道内部，使发电机内部受潮而绝缘强度下降的大型空冷发电机空气温湿度复合 控制系统。
[0005] 本发明的目的是这样实现的：它是由传感器单元1、智能控制单元6和执行单元7 组成的；传感器单元1连接智能控制单元6，智能控制单元6连接执行单元7。本发明还有 以下技术特征：
[0006] (1)所述的传感器单元1包括机外温度传感器2、机内温湿度传感器3、温度变送 器4和温湿度变送器5 ；机外温度传感器2连接温度变送器4，机内温湿度传感器3连接温 湿度变送器5。[0007] (2)所述的智能控制单元6是由通讯单元12、放大器单元15、变换器单元16、单片 机20、显示单元22、键入单元23和报警单元M组成的；通讯单元12、变换器单元16和键 入单元23分别连接在单片机20的输入端；放大器单元15、显示单元22和报警单元M分 别连接在单片机20的输出端。
[0008] (3)所述的执行单元7包括固态继电器甲8、固态继电器乙9、风机10和电加热器 11 ；固态继电器甲8连接风机10，固态继电器乙9连接电加热器11。固态继电器甲8连接 风机10，固态继电器乙9连接电加热器11。
[0009] 本发明一种大型空冷发电机空气温湿度复合控制系统，在空气温湿度复合控制系 统中设置安装了逆向挡风门和风扇的特种空气过滤箱；发电机运行时逆向挡风门打开，将 厂房空气经除尘除湿后补充进入空气循环风道，以保证洁净干燥的空气进入发电机；当发 电机停机时，逆向挡风门由于自重而关闭，特种空气过滤箱的风扇旋转时使逆向挡风门关 闭力度增大，特种空气过滤箱在其风扇的作用下对空气循环风道内部空气进行除湿处理。
[0010] 本发明一种大型空冷发电机空气温湿度复合控制系统，用于发电机停机时，防止 空气循环风道外部的潮湿空气返回并逐渐浸入空气循环风道内部（潮湿空气返回），使发 电机内部受潮而绝缘强度下降，再次开机时很容易发生短路跳火而造成停机等重大生产事 故。
(四）附图说明：
[0011] 图1为本发明发电机外部空气循环风道示意图；
[0012] 图2为本发明特种空气过滤箱、机内温湿度传感器、机外温度传感器、电加热器安 装示意图；
[0013] 图3为图2的剖视图；
[0014] 图4为本发明大型空冷发电机空气温湿度复合控制系统原理图；
[0015] 图5为本发明智能控制单元原理图；
[0016] 图6为本发明智能控制单元软件流程图。
(五）具体实施方式
[0017] 下面结合附图举例对本发明作进一步说明。
[0018] 实施例1，结合图3，本发明是由传感器单元（1)、智能控制单元（6)和执行单元 (7)组成的；传感器单元⑴连接智能控制单元（6)，智能控制单元（6)连接执行单元（7)。 所述的传感器单元（1)包括机外温度传感器O)、机内温湿度传感器（3)、温度变送器（4) 和温湿度变送器（5)；机外温度传感器（¾连接温度变送器G)，机内温湿度传感器（3)连 接温湿度变送器（¾。所述的智能控制单元（6)是由通讯单元（1¾、放大器单元（1¾、变换 器单元（16)、单片机（20)、显示单元（22)、键入单元和报警单元04)组成的；通讯单 元（12)、变换器单元（16)和键入单元分别连接在单片机00)的输入端；放大器单元 (15)、显示单元0¾和报警单元04)分别连接在单片机00)的输出端。所述的执行单元 (7)包括固态继电器甲（8)、固态继电器乙（9)、风机（10)和电加热器（11)；固态继电器甲 ⑶连接风机（10)，固态继电器乙（9)连接电加热器（11)。
[0019] 实施例2，结合图2，本发明一种大型空冷发电机空气温湿度复合控制系统，所述
4的特种空气过滤箱，壳体采用不锈钢材料制做，内部用不锈钢角铁焊制框架，外部焊接不锈 钢铁皮；壳体内部安装夹持铁网；夹持铁网内部铺放海棉；海棉内部灌装颗粒状干燥剂（硅 胶）；逆向档风门也采用不锈钢制做，在每个门轴内注入润滑油，使每个逆向档风门动作灵 活，以保证空气循环风道与补风口外部厂房空间形成负压时自动打开，空气循环风道与补 风口外部厂房空间无负压时自动关闭，且特种空气过滤箱风机旋转时增加关闭力度。
[0020] 实施例3，本发明一种大型空冷发电机空气温湿度复合控制系统，所述的电加热器 制做成管状带散热刺片形式，功率为2000W--8000W，视发电机和空气循环风道而定。机 内温湿度传感器、机外温度传感器、温湿度变送器、温度变送器选用精度为0. 5级的成熟产 品。固态继电器选用光电隔离形式，直流端为0—5V，交流端为0—500A (耐压1200V)。
[0021] 实施例4，结合图4，本发明所述的智能控制单元由电流/电压变换器、单片机 (80C196)、放大器、湿度报警发光管、温差报警发光管、MAX485芯片、数码管扫描电路、数码 管驱动电路、数码管、按键、电阻等组成。外形可制做成一个标准尺寸的专用智能仪表（如 开口尺寸：90*90或180*90)，以方便在现场控制柜或主控室控制柜安装使用。
[0022] 实施例5，结合图2、图3、图4、图5，本发明大型空冷发电机空气温湿度复合控制 系统，工作过程如下：温湿度变送器将机内温湿度传感器的测量信号（温度0--99.9°C，湿 度0—99. 9% )变为两路线性的4—20m A国际标准电流信号，一路代表机内湿度大小的 4—20mA标准电流信号进入智能控制单元中的电流/电压变换器变为A/D转换器可接受的 0-5V信号，0-5V信号进入80C196单片机的A/D2 ；另一路代表机内温度大小的4—20mA 标准电流信号进入智能控制单元中的电流/电压变换器变为A/D转换器可接受的0-5V 信号，0-5V信号进入80C196单片机的A/D1 ；温度变送器将机外温度传感器的测量信号 (温度0—99. 9°C )变为一路线性的4—20m A国际标准电流信号，代表机外温度大小的 4—20mA标准电流信号进入智能控制单元中的电流/电压变换器变为A/D转换器可接受 的0—5V信号，0—5V信号进入80C196单片机的A/D0 ；80C196单片机内的10位A/D转换 器分别将A/D2、A/Dl、A/D0输入的0-5V不同模拟信号变为三组0〜21°的不同数字信号， 三组0〜21°的不同数字信号被量化为0—99. 9%的机内湿度RHm、0—99. 9°C的机内温 度T2、0-—99. 9°C的机外温度Tl，并计算内外温差ΔΤμ=Τ2-Τ1。设定值RH设、ΔΤ设、Δ T 回差等由“增加键”，“减小键”“移位键”输入单片机，通常RHs= 50%, ΔΤ设=4°C、ΔΤ回差 =60C。如果测量湿度RH3m高于设定湿度RHs且延时60分，单片机的DOO 口输出高电平，经 放大器功率放大驱动湿度报警发光管亮，单片机的DOl 口也输出高电平，经放大器功率放 大驱动固态继电器使特种空气过滤箱上的风机旋转，对空气循环风道内部空气进行除湿处 理；否则，单片机的DOO 口输出低电平，湿度报警发光管灭，单片机的DOl 口也输出低电平， 特种空气过滤箱上的风机停转。如果ΔΤμ< ΔΤκ-ΔΤθλ，单片机的D02 口输出高电平， 经放大器功率放大驱动温差报警发光管亮，单片机的D03 口也输出高电平，经放大器功率 放大驱动固态继电器使电加热器通电，这时，空气循环风道内部温度逐渐上升，这种状态延 续到ΔΤμ> ΔΤβ + ΔΤΘΛ，单片机的D02 口输出低电平，温差报警发光管灭，单片机的D03 口也输出低电平，电加热器断电；这时，空气循环风道内部温度又逐渐下降，这种状态一直 延续着，到再次发生ΔΤμ< AIs-AT0il，单片机的D02 口输出高电平，经放大器功率放大 驱动温差报警发光管亮，单片机的D03 口也输出高电平，经放大器功率放大驱动固态继电 器使电加热器通电，周而复始（详见：温差控制真值表）。“运行/设定键”用于大型空冷发电机空气温湿度复合控制系统工作在运行状态或工作在输入设定值状态之间的转换。单片 机通过数码管扫描电路和数码管驱动电路将测量值RHm、AT3^n设定值RHs、ATs送到数 码管显示。单片机串行口 SIO通过MAX485芯片变为标准RS485串行通讯口，所有测量湿度 RH_、设定湿度RHs、内外温差Δ T3m、设定温差Δ Ts、设定回差Δ 、启动特种空气过滤箱 风机信号、启动电加热器信号、湿度报警信号、温差报警信号等参数随时通过RS485串行通 讯口传输到主控室计算机进行屏幕显示、打印、记录并形成生产报表和历史记录。
[0023] 温差控制真值表（ΔΤ设=4Ό、ΔΤ回差=6°C)
[0024]
Claims (1)
1. 一种大型空冷发电机空气温湿度复合控制系统，它是由传感器单元（1)、智能控制 单元（6)和执行单元（7)组成的；其特征在于：传感器单元（1)连接智能控制单元（6)，智 能控制单元（6)连接执行单元（7)；其中，所述的传感器单元（1)包括机外温度传感器（¾、机内温湿度传感器C3)、温度变 送器（4)和温湿度变送器（¾ ；机外温度传感器（¾连接温度变送器G)，机内温湿度传感 器（¾连接温湿度变送器（5)；所述的智能控制单元（6)是由通讯单元（12)、放大器单元（15)、变换器单元（16)、单 片机（20)、显示单元（22)、键入单元和报警单元04)组成的；通讯单元（12)、变换器 单元（16)和键入单元分别连接在单片机00)的输入端；放大器单元（15)、显示单元 (22)和报警单元04)分别连接在单片机OO)的输出端；所述的执行单元⑵包括固态继电器甲（8)、固态继电器乙（9)、风机（10)和电加热器 (11)；固态继电器甲⑶连接风机（10)，固态继电器乙（9)连接电加热器（11)；在空气温湿度复合控制系统中设置安装了逆向挡风门和风扇的特种空气过滤箱；发电 机运行时逆向挡风门打开，将厂房空气经除尘除湿后补充进入空气循环风道，以保证洁净 干燥的空气进入发电机；当发电机停机时，逆向挡风门由于自重而关闭，特种空气过滤箱的 风扇旋转时使逆向挡风门关闭力度增大，特种空气过滤箱在其风扇的作用下对空气循环风 道内部空气进行除湿处理。
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